商务英语写作的体裁教学模式构建

第一篇：商务英语写作的体裁教学模式构建

商务英语写作的体裁教学模式构建

【摘要】当今，有“世界工厂”之称的中国对外语人才的要求不断提高，而商务英语教学内容与实践的结合度不是很强，即使是简单的商务信函交流往来，很多英语专业的学生也无法很好地处理跨国企业之间的书面文件。因此，本文基于商务英语写作的体裁分析，探索构建一种更易于学生学习的教学模式，力求帮助学生缩短从校园进入企业这种身份转变的周期，尽快熟悉业务知识，满足个人职业发展，更好地为社会服务。

【关键词】商务英语写作 体裁 体裁分析 教学模式

一、引言

根据用人单位对人才的反馈来看，用人单位对学生的英语水平要求越来越高。在面试阶段，用人单位要求毕业生应该有能够证明其语言能力水平的证书，如专门从事翻译工作，则应具备高水平的翻译证书。此外，对外语人才的招聘，用人单位通常会安排专业人员进行口试，检验应聘学生是否具有良好的沟通能力。进入用人单位后，还有试用期来考核所招聘人员是否能够胜任所应聘的岗位。在语言水平过关的情况下，很多跨国企业会对招聘进来的英语专业毕业生进行专业培训，尤其是进行与经营行业相关的贸易知识的培训，使其在短期内适应岗位需求。作为教师，我们必须在教学中保持与时俱进，主动了解用人单位的需求，帮助学生牢牢抓住国际市场这块就业空间，实现学生从校园到企业的无缝对接。商务英语写作体现的是学生的书面沟通能力，能够反映出学生在实际运用语言中的表达能力和水平。因此，商务英语写作教学应该把重点放在让学生熟悉常用的商务体裁上面。商务英语写作通常会有固定的规范和表达方式，本文主要介绍商务信函这种使用频率较高的体裁类型。

二、商务英语写作教学现状分析

从教师自身分析，教授商务英语写作课程的教师通常为英语专业的教师，他们本身缺乏对商务知识的掌握，也缺乏对商务英语体裁类型的了解；而通过调查发现，以新东方教育集团为代表的培训机构通常会雇佣经济类相关专业里英语水平较好的教师。我们不难发现，两种类型的教师各有利弊。用人单位通常会招聘英语专业的毕业生然后对其进行经济贸易类的相关培训，很少招聘经济贸易类的毕业生，再对其进行专门的英语培训。因为用人单位清楚的是，一方面英语培训的费用较高，另一方面也无法在短期内迅速提升英语表达能力和水平。作为英语教师，应充分弥补经济贸易知识缺失这一弱点，在教学中，实现英语语言的运用与经贸知识的有机结合。

从学生角度分析，大多数中国学生不愿意开口说英语，甚至害怕说英语。根据问卷调查得知，学生在学习英语的过程中，觉得最难掌握的就是“说”和“写”这两个部分，而这两个部分属于语言的“输出”，也就是说，相对于“听”和“读”这两种语言的“输入”，对学生而言，他们苦于无法找到英语语言的运用方法，因而不能自由地运用英语进行交流。原因大致分为以下三种：第一，学生的词汇量不够，商务词汇掌握的太少；第二，句式过于单一；第三，语言表达不够地道、准确。为了提高学生的商务英语写作水平，教师不妨根据写作特点把商务英语体裁进行归纳，运用体裁教学法进行授课。

三、构建商务英语写作的体裁教学模式

商务环境下英语体裁教学模式的构建应该充分考虑如何培养学生的英语语言交际能力。《欧洲语言共同参考框架》（2013）把语言的交际能力划分为：语言能力、社会语言能力和语用能力三个主要方面。在语言能力中，包括正确使用词汇、语法和语义等。在社会语言能力中，能够正确使用表明社会关系的标识性词语和礼仪规则，同时强调了要正确区分语体之间的差异。在商务氛围中，建议尽量谨慎地使用正式的语体，避免产生误解。语用能力则包括话语能力和功能能力。怎样在教学中提高以上这些能力？通过对比研究，我们发现运用体裁分析理论对指导商务英语写作教学和培养学生的交际能力具有相对明显的效果。

1.教学方法。在教学方法方面，改变传统的以教师为中心的教学方式，让学生成为课堂活动的主体，积极参与到学习中。在商务写作教学中，采用体裁教学法。例如，在讲授商务信函写作时，可以为学生创建一个模拟的商务场景，让学生在商务活动中扮演不同的角色，教师可以按照教学大纲的要求，提供相关案例的具体商务环境，例如需要撰写投诉信、道歉信或者邀请信等，事先教师应该与学生共同进行体裁分析。商务信函比较常用的体裁就是询问信、投诉信、道歉信、邀请信、致谢信和祝贺信以及推荐信。

首先，针对题目进行体裁分析。因为特定的体裁都有其规律性，也就是说同一种体裁的写作具有某种特定的语言特点和组织结构，所以体裁分析的重点在于分步骤地达到交际目的（王伟强 2010）。在商务英语写作中，需要分析体裁的“图式结构”。以商务英语信函为例，大体上可以把商务信函所包括的几种体裁分为三个语步：写作目的、分析问题、解决问题。其中，出于主动写信或者被动回复的原因，写作目的这里指的是所要达到的目标或者能够满足对方的哪些条件。接下来，根据具体的商务英语信函，建议教师能够为学生提供更为详细的模板，初期让学生进行公式化的套用和仿写，学生可以充分利用互联网练习软件，例如www.xiexiebang.com这个网站为学生的写作提供修改建议，学生可以把文章放在网站上进行修改，然后再用网络传给授课教师，教师在批阅后在课堂上进行点评，把共性错误指出来。经过实验，一方面我们发现学生对这种“网络+教师”批改的方式感到非常新鲜，也就吸引了学生进行英文写作的兴趣。另一方面也减轻了教师批改写作作业中为学生纠正单词拼写、语法错误的工作量，同时网络批改对商务词汇运用不准确性的缺陷则可以由教师批改过程进行弥补。最后，学生将修改后的文章加以消化，教师可以把商务情景切换为商务谈判或者商务会议等口语表达场景，让学生利用之前的写作材料进行口语模拟训练。这种基于体裁分析的商务英语写作教学方法把体裁与情景、任务融合起来，同时充分利用了互联网资源，实现教师在教学活动中角色的转变，结合课上和课后学习的成果，很大程度上提高了学生课程学习的参与度。

2.教学内容。在教学内容方面，商务英语写作的体裁教学也应该充分考虑学生的职业需求。教学内容的选择，不应该只顾及到商务英语体裁写作的难易程度，还应该从实际情况出发，根据新型人才培养方案和学生准备就业时从面试到工作中真正所用到的英文体裁，通过重要性从主到次的顺序排序来安排教学。根据研究结果表明，学生在准备进入跨国企业时，所面对的第一类商务英语写作体裁就是个人求职信和英文简历。很多学生甚至是英语专业的学生毕业后仍然无法用英文流畅地写一份自我介绍。所以，教师的教学内容一定要根据学生的实际需求进行调整，而不应该单纯从易到难进行词汇训练、再到句子训练、段落训练等等。我们提倡让学生根据体裁类型从语篇整体上去学习和训练。建议教师在初级阶段把学生一定会使用到的商务英语体裁进行分类整理。经过筛选和排序，可以按照如下英文体裁类型进行教学：在初级阶段，教学内容应该涵盖自我介绍、个人求职信、英文简历、便条、备忘录、通知、请假条、行程表等；中级阶段教学内容调整为处理各种商务信函，例如询盘函、报盘函、还盘函、邀请信、祝贺信、致谢信、投诉信和道歉信等；高级阶段为合同或者协议、商务活动安排、广告、海报、公司英文介绍、商务计划书、商务会议演讲辞、新闻稿等。

3.教学手段。谈及教学手段这里主要是指教学过程中能够辅助教学，起到良好效果的互联网网站、学习软件和教学多媒体设备。例如，通过调查发现，很多学校搭建了大学英语网络自主学习的平台；有些学校使用先进的“蓝鸽”英语学习的平台，把云平台和人工智能结合，安装智能化备课和上课系统、作业留批系统、考试系统以及互动式的自主学习系统；很多学校与句酷批改网合作，这些都为师生提供了更高效的商务英语写作教学环境。随着经济形态的不断发展，2015年我国提出“互联网+”计划，力求通过互联网与传统行业的结合，推动经济社会发展的新形势。教师可以通过互联网获取最新行业动态，也可以充分利用互联网平台与学生进行互动式学习和辅导。为了能够保持与时俱进，英语教师应该充分汲取互联网知识，整合互联网资源并熟练掌握先进的教学软件，提高筛选和整理教学资源的能力，为学生呈现最精华的学习资源，实现课上课下、线上线下不间断，随时随地方便快捷地为学生答疑解惑。以商务英语写作的体裁教学为例，教师可以通过微信建立社群学习小组，教师通过微信平台在授课班级内招募社群学习小组成员，学生在线上与教师进行学习，以一个月为周期，每期仅限10人，调动学习的竞争意识，学习四种商务英语写作体裁，每周进行2-3次的学习，上课时教师讲解，下课后10分钟教师全线答疑，随时进行“@+网络名称”互动。因在网络平台不采用实名制，所以社群学习小组内学生可以大胆进行写作创作，不会担心自己因英语语言运用错误而感到“丢面子”，有效解除学生在英语表达方面的心理障碍。教学内容选取的体裁主要以上文提到的初级体裁类型为主，夯实学生商务英语写作的基础。同时，鼓励学生参与高级别的商务英语写作大赛，鼓励并提升学生的英语写作自信心。

4.教学评价。传统的商务英语写作教学评价只是教师把布置的写作任务收集上来，然后逐个批改，教师花费了大量的时间放在词汇、句式、语法等语言基础方面的修改。国内很多大学在外语教学方面达不到小班授课，教师作文批改任务繁重，学生的学习收效甚微。基于体裁的商务英语写作教学则重点强调从语篇的角度出发，经过透彻分析写作体裁，使学生树立体裁意识，遇到某种特定的体裁写作实践，可以迅速反应出相应的“图式结构”，按照既定的语步来完成流畅的英文写作。在评价方面建议分为三个步骤：教师鼓励学生首先采取同伴互评的方式对文章进行评价，评价重点放在所学的体裁语言结构和规则上面；接着在同伴互评的基础上，学生利用互联网批改软件帮助自己纠正词汇拼写和语法错误，这个环节互联网评价要与自评相结合；最后再由任课教师对写作内容进行总结性评价，学生对自己的写作进行修改并反思总结不足之处。

四、结语

商务英语体裁写作能力的培养要把教学方法、教学内容、教学手段和教学评价充分有机结合起来。教师要实时了解商务英语写作的最新动态和发展趋势，如今互联网上的交际互动日趋接近于现场的实时交际，对学生的英语语言应用能力提出了更高的挑战。因此，要求教师根据用人单位对人才的要求及时调整授课体裁类型，增强学生的体裁意识，利用网络资源平台丰富教学内容和手段，学生通过同伴反馈、师生反馈、自我反思进一步达到完善写作水平的目的。

参考文献：

[1]欧洲理事会文化合作教育委员会.欧洲语言共同参考框架：学习、教学、评估[M].刘俊，傅荣译.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2013.[2]王伟强.体裁教学法与商务英语写作教学[J].长春师范学院学报（人文社会科学版），2010（9）：128-132.[3]刑丽荣，崔春晓.外贸企业对国际经贸类人才需求的调研报告――基于商务英语沟通能力[J].时代教育，2014（3）：50-51.作者简介：

李丹丹，讲师，硕士，主要研究方向为英语教育、商务英语。

严明，教授，博士，主要研究方向为跨文化交际、二语习得、商务英语等。

第二篇：商务英语写作

Dear Sirs,This is to introduce ourselves as the largest down Apparel Company in China.Our company--Bosideng International Holdings Limited—was established in 1976, locating in Bosideng industrial zone, Changshu City, Jiangsu province.We have been specialized in developing and producing all kinds of down apparel.Bosideng International Holdings Limited has been researching and producing many kinds of down apparel for 30 years.There are six brands of the our company including “Bosideng”, “Snow Flying”, “Combo”, “Bengen”, “Slim” and “shangyu”.Through these brands, we offer a wide range of down apparel products.The customer can order our products both in our website and through the phone, and then ,we would like to give them satisifying in one week.“Bosideng” was the leading down apparel brand in China for 17 consecutive years from 1995 to 2011.As a leader in China down apparel industry, for 16 consecutive years, the latest fashionable FallWinter apparel trends to the world on behalf of China at the “China International Clothing and Accessories Fair”

We would be pleased to receive your any kinds of down apparel.If you have any questions, please contact us.Our telephone number is 86-512-52532888.We look forward to your positive reply.Very truly yours.18100619 陆浩杰18100634蔡耀

第三篇：商务英语写作

A: You must be Ms.Lee from the United States?

B: That’s right.I’ m Lee Junru.You are...?

A: My name is Zhang Guiyang.I’m from the Sunshine Corporation.I’m pleased to meet you.Welcome to Fuzhou.B: Nice to meet you, too.Thanks for coming to the airport to meet me.A: That’s my pleasure.My manager, Mr.Wang has sent me to meet you here.He felt sorry he could’t come himself.He is at a meet right now.B: It’s OK.Thank you very much.Where are we heading now?

A: We’ re going to accompany you to the Fuzhou Friendship Hotel.Is the luggage all here, Ms.Lee? The car is just out there in the parking lot.B: Oh, thank you.Well I can handle this handbag myself.A: OK, this way, please.A: Here is our car.Let me put the luggage into the trunk.B: Thanks.A: Please get on, Ms.Lee.B: Thanks.A: Off we go.How’s your flight, Ms.Lee?

B: Fine, I got on the plane at New York, and it took about 1 hours to get here.But is was a smooth flight.A: That was really kind of long in the airplane.Wasn’t it? I hope you’ll feel rested after a right of good sleep.B: Thank you.What is the weather like here, today?

A: Fair and sunny today with gentle breeze.As I know, Ms.Lee, you’ re been to Fuzhou for a couple of times.B: It’s true.I travel so much and visit Fuzhou once a year?

A:How do you like it here.B:well, I like it a lot.Fuzhou is really a fantastics place.There are many interested places to visit.I hope I can visit once again.A:I hope you can enjoy your stay here.It’s nice to have a look around.B:Yes that must be very interesting.Hope we will have the time.A:I think you must be tired, why don’t you take a break.I wake you up in to the hotel.B:Than’s great.Thank you.

第四篇：商务英语写作3

A Report on College Students

Employment Intention

Prepare for

Teacher Xu

Prepared by

Student

November 22, 2011

`To:Teacher Xu

From:Student Lu Shuiya

Subject: A Report on College Students Employment

Intention

Date:Nov.22,2011

As time goes by, we became undergraduate students from high school students.At the same time, employment is also a problem around the corner, so I carried out a survey about college students employment intention.This report gives the results of the investigation.Investigation

In order to know more information about college students’ employment intention, I conducted a survey.I interviewed some students in our college by questionnaires.The interviewers ranged from first year students to graduate students, among whom freshmen accounted for 5 percent, sophomores 25 percent, juniors 30 percent, seniors 40 percent.In the process of the investigation, we are confronted with some problems that some students failed to respond to the questionnaires.The overall outcome is mainly satisfying.Through investigation, I learned that a number of students except this year’s graduates put their main attention on their studies not on employment.However, there are

still students who have comprehensive employment intention.·Some students expect to work in national enterprises because in such enterprises, there are relatively much better working conditions, living

conditions and higher salary.Also, it can show their good abilities to

work in national enterprises, which can improve their sense of

accomplishment and make them satisfied.· Some students expect to work in some smaller enterprises or enterprises that set up for only a short time because they think in such

enterprises, they can get more chances to learn more things, improve

their practical ability, as well as get promotion.· Some students expect to start an undertaking by themselves.They insure that they have enough courage and abilities to have a try.They

think that staring an undertaking by themselves can temper themselves

in a hard work, and then make them stronger.One student said that

doing a job for myself is better and much enjoyable than doing it for

others.· Some students are lower year students, so they have no specific employment intention.· Some students are going to further themselves to be a graduate student, so they have no idea about employment intention temporarily.Problems

· Students know litter about the extensive competition of employment in modern society.· Students commonly have higher expectations of finding a perfect job as their first job.· Students who are going to further themselves and students in lower grades have no long-term plan about employment intention.· Students are still confused with their further, and have no clear aims.Recommendations

· School should ask students to make the employment plan as quickly as possible, which can help them be clear and definite about their future studying and employment goals.The students will have more motivation.· Students should learn to lower their expectation of finding a perfect job as their first job due to the extensive competition of employment.The main aim of the first job is to learn something useful.Students

don’t need to find a very good job for the first time.It should be

remembered that it’s wise to find a job first and then to choose a job to

the person who intends to look for a job for the first time.· The students who are going to further themselves should make preparations for both advanced studies and employment.Students in

lower grades are better to make a plan at an early time in such a

competitive society although there are still some time before they

graduate.· Students should learn more about employment information in the society by whatever ways, which can help them become nervous and

make employment intention in an earlier time.08英三

08070215

第五篇：商务英语写作作业

1、I’m in responsibility for answering the phone and receiving our guests ,managing the timetable,and handling files and letters.2、My experience and educational background make me equal to this position.3、Ifyou want to know more and further ,if we both are available.I’d like to have a conversation in person with you in your company.4、I believe that you will agree to my suggestion ,to say the least ,I’m the most competent candidate on this position.5、I strongly believe that I’m that person can satisfy all your requirements.2、108 Long Mian Road,Nanjing JiangsuFebruary 24,2014

Mr Li

Graduate from high school

234Jianai Avenue

Nanjing,Jiangsu 210002

Dear Mr sirs

Having learned that you need stenographers ,I venture to submit this application for the post as stenographer.I graduated from high school,since I get low diploma,how dare I apply for this job?look,since high school, I kept stenographing and typing in evening school.Besides,I’m a well disciplined,highly motivated person with a conscientious heart.I believe that my qualifications will benefit your company.I also have a good relationship,I can handle any problems about PR.my ability is beyond doubt.Ifyou show any interests on me,you can reach me at above address or by phone at ***.I shall appreciate it if you will grant me an interview at your earliest convenience,Thank you in anticipation.Yours sincerely,Ms Wei