新概念英语第四册第十九单元语法与句型(教学用)

第一篇：新概念英语第四册第十九单元语法与句型(教学用)

新概念英语第四册第十九单元课语法与句型 Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 说梦话的本质

It is fairly clear that the sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.' Rest ', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.First the electroencephalograph(which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp)shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less.The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental.In l960 an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid.People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.When woken at other times they reported no dreams.If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were not exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected.The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.(NCE Book Four)

【语法点】matter的词性和用法 【课文原句】

Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.' Rest ', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.【例句衔接】All right, leave the matter to us two.好吧，就把这件事交给我们俩吧。As far as the weather is concerned, I don’t think it matters.就天气而论，我觉得没有什么关系。

But this does not matter, for, as he often remarked, one is never too old to learn.但是这不要紧，因为，正如他一向所说的那样，一个人要活到老学到老。Every task, no matter how boring, brings me steps closer to fulfilling my dreams.每一项工作，无论多么乏味，都使我朝着实现梦想跨进了步伐。For my part, it doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.对我来说，他来不来都没有关系。He checks the car as a matter of routine.他例行公事，检查了汽车。

I had suffered a great loss in business.To make matters worse, the bank broke.我生意上赔了很多钱。更糟糕的是，银行又倒闭了。Stress at work is a matter of concern to staff and management.工作压力是员工和资方都关心的事。It is a matter of pride for him that he has never accepted money from his family.对他来说，从未要过家里人一分一毫是一件事关的事。重要的事情 关心的事情 令人遗憾的事情 某人处理的事情

绝不是小事 常规的事情

由于原则的缘故 由于信念的缘故 由于政策的缘故

只是时间问题 生死攸关的事情

只是个运气问题、成本问题、兴趣问题

【语法点】and so on 的用法

【课文原句】Rest ', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.【例句衔接】

他对美术、音乐、书等都感兴趣。

我们学政治、中文、英文等等。

我们亦可把屏幕划分为四等分、六等分等等。

他谈到我们受到父母多少恩惠、我们对国家应尽的义务等等。

They wanted him for guest shots, record albums, personal appearances and so on.他们请他在电影中客串，请他灌唱片，举行专场演出，诸如此类。其他人都对艺术、音乐、书等感兴趣。

She called him a liar, hypocrite, a low down swab and so on.她骂他撒谎、伪君子、可鄙的笨蛋。诸如此类，不一而举。

There are different forms of energy, such as heat energy, electric energy, and so on.能有各种不同形式，诸如热能、电能等。

【语法点】含有self的复合词

【课文原句】The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.【例句衔接】

Criticism and _________ is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.批评与自我批评是必要的，因为它能帮助我们发现并改正我们的错误。Each time you let go, you are sure to come close to_________.每一次放弃，一定是进一步地超越自我。

His attractiveness is partly due to his _________.他的吸引力一部分是由于他的自信。（CIDE）We hold these truths to be _________

that all men are created equal.我们认为下面的这些真理是不言而喻的，那就是，人人生而平等。More importantly, the Asian peoples have a strong sense of _________, _________, _________

and _________.This is an important driving force for transformation and innovation.更重要的是，亚洲各国人民有着强烈的自尊自信、自立自强精神，这是激励变革创新的重要动力。Ethical or moral freedom meant to him the autonomy and _________ n of the human will.对他来说，伦理的或道德的自由，意味着人的意志自律与自我决定。Other people will give up working for a boss and become _________.还有些人不去给别的老板打工，而是自己当老板。The advantage of this is that it can spur people on to greater heights.The flaw is that it results in _________

individualism, which affects creativity indirectly.其好处是启发人的进取心，弊端是导致以个人为中心，间接影响创新。

_________, _________, _________ l, these three alone lead life to sovereign power.自重，自觉，自制，此三者可以将生命引至崇高境域。He is a _________

man.He didn't finish even elementary school.他是一个自学成材的人。他连小学也未读完。Hong Kong has entered its new era stronger and more _________

than at any other time in its history.香港踏入了自开埠以来经济最强劲和自信心最强的新纪元。It was felt that each nation's _________ was served by encouraging its exports and discouraging its imports.一般认为，鼓励出口和限制进口是符合每个国家的自身利益的。China has traditionally been the _________, _________

“Middle Kingdom.” 中国历来是自给自足的“中史之国。” The thought of doing something humiliating to her own _________

attracted her wonderfully.这种去做使她的自尊心受到羞辱的事情的思想奇怪地诱惑着她。The second section consists of those who in the main are economically _________.第二部分是在经济上大体上可以自给的。

【语法点】“连词＋形容词”类省略句

【课文原句】The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.【例句衔接】

The full figures, _________, will show imports remaining at a high level.详尽的数据，在可以获得时，将表明进口仍维持在高水平上。We avoided one another, _________.无论何时只要可能，我们都互相回避。

Cover and put in a cool place _________

to serve.将其加盖并放置与阴凉处，直至可以使用。He lay still as _________.他躺着一动不动，就像睡着了一样。

The model worker worked extremely hard _________.尽管那位模范工人病得厉害，他仍极其努力地工作。_________, I appreciate the invitation.虽然不能参加，我仍高兴受到邀请。

_________, the story is interesting.不管真实与否，这个故事很有意思。

You must study hard _________, or you will regret _________.年轻时你必须好好学习，否则你老了会后悔。

_________, the room was well lit.房间虽不大却很亮堂。

Things were beginning to improve, _________.情况开始改善，尽管速度不够快。

His job _________

had been to look after the landlord’s dogs and horses.他小时候的工作，是照看地主的狗和马。He lay still _________.他躺着一动不动，就像睡着了一样。

第二篇：新概念英语第四册第二十一单元语法与句型(教学用)

新概念英语第四册第二十一单元语法与句型 Lesson 21 William S.Hart and the early “Western”

film

威廉•S•哈特和早期的“西部”影片

William S.Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged.It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-bad man, the accidental, noble outlaw, or the honest but framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip;in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, Hart actually 'knew something of the old West.He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier.And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indian were bewildered by politicians, bankers and business-men, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.Hart's good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple.We still do;living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by.(NCE Book Four)

【语法点】词组nothing but表示强调

【课文原句】William S.Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.She is something of an actress.Talent

gift She is nothing but an actress She is everything but an actress.【例句衔接】I feel nothing but contempt for those who abuse children.__________（虐待孩子的人）treat children cruelly

他们的意见仅仅是废话。

Their advice is nothing but nonsense.世上无所谓天才，它仅仅是刻苦加勤奋。

There is no such thing as genius;it is nothing but labor and diligence.他只好垂头丧气地回家睡觉。

He could do nothing but go back to bed sadly.只有奇迹才能挽救她的生命。nothing but wonders can save her life 他只会发牢骚。

He could do nothing but complain.不要把他当朋友，他只是个罪犯。Take…for

绵延数英里除了沙漠别无他物。

For miles and miles there is nothing but desert.他满心期待着友好的祝贺和一张数目可观的支票。友好的祝贺 friendly congratulation 4

一张数目可观的支票 a substantial check

He anticipated nothing but friendly congratulations and a substantial check Some seemingly good things brought us nothing but trouble.一些看似好运的事情只会给我们带来麻烦。

I have endeavored to assert nothing but what I had good authority for.除了我确有把握的事情外，我不会断然地讲任何事情。

I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior.对这种不诚实的行为，我表示十分轻蔑。

I have nothing but contempt for the people who despise money.我就是看不惯那些对金钱不屑一顾的人。

Such a vicious lie could be nothing but a stab in the back.这样一种恶毒的谎言简直是暗箭伤人。

【语法点】强调句型（两处）

【课文原句】It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-bad man, the accidental, noble outlaw, or the honest but framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip;in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.（第一段中间）……his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.（第三段末尾）【例句衔接】

It is through competition that children can learn the meaning of courage.正是通过竞争，孩子能够懂得勇气的意义。

It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.完全出于偶然，他们发现了这座地下宫殿的入口。

It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague.他批评以前的同事，并非出于气愤而是为他伤心。

It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health.人们生病了才知道健康的价值。

It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang.正当她要睡觉时，电话铃响了。

It was because the water had risen that they could not across the river.正式由于水涨了，他们没法过河。

It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.直到看了你的信我才了解事态真 相。

It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。

主语的强调

It is you that are to blame.该受责备的人就是你。

强调句的问句

he bought a book yesterday

he went to school by bus What is it that he bought yesterday When is it that he bought a book

Was it you that I saw last night at the concert? 昨晚在音乐会上我见到的是你吗？

How is it that your answer differs from his? 你的答案跟他的答案怎么个不同？

What is it that you want me to say? 你想让我说的是什么？ Who was it that caught a thief yesterday in a marketplace? 是谁昨天在市场上逮住一个小偷？

Whom was it that you caught yesterday in a marketplace? 你昨天在市场上逮住的是谁？

强调句中的情态动词 modal verbs

It must have been his father that you saw just now.你刚刚看到的肯定是他父亲。

It might be his father that he’s thinking of.他现在所想到的可能就是他父亲。

How can it be that he didn’t pass the exams? 他考试没有通过怎么可能呢？

It might have been yesterday that John bought a book for Mary.也许就是昨天约翰给玛丽买了一本书。

Can it have been the bus driver who set fire on the bus? 放火烧车的人会是这位公交车司机吗？

It may be what the teacher believes in the students that motivates the students most.最能激励学生的也许正是老师在学生身上所相信的东西。

【语法点】形式宾语it（三处）

【课文原句】（1）Hart’s good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple.【例句衔接】

【真题再现】 I don’t think ________possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.（2007年NECCS初赛C类试题第32题）

A.this

B.that C.its

D.it I find it odd that she takes so long to do that job.她花那么长时间做那件事，我觉得很奇怪。

He did not think it plausible that all the differences could be explained in this way.他认为用这种方式解释所有的区别似乎没有道理。

We must make it clear that this simply means a conversion of energy.我们必须讲清楚，这仅仅意味着能量转换。We think it quite obvious that all machines are made up of one or more simple machines.所有机器都由一个以上的简单机械组成，我们认为这是很清楚的。

We all consider it of great importance that we should combine theory with practice.我们大家都认为，理论联系实际是非常重要的。You can easily show it to be true that oxygen is very active.你可以很容易证实，氧是非常活跃的。

We take it for granted that air expands when heated.空气受热时膨胀，我们认为这是理所当然的。

They consider it important that these elements be separated from one another.他们认为，把这些元素彼此分开是很重要的。Heat makes it possible to solder wires and to weld sheets of metals.热量使焊接电线和金属板成为可能。

We call it reduction to remove the same factors from the terms of a fraction.从分数的分子和分母中去掉相同的因数，我们称为约分。

We feel it necessary to verify the theory from various angles.我们觉得，必须从不同角度来证实这个理论。

They think it necessary building one more hydropower station in the area.他们认为，有必要在本地区在建一座水电站。

【语法点】比较级表示的最高级含义

superlative degree comparative

【课文原句】And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.【例句衔接】

__________（没有比时间更贵重的东西）, but nothing is less valued.Valuable

dear

没有一件事比待在家里听音乐更愉快的了。

Nothing is more Pleasant than listening to music at home

没有人比你自己更在乎自己的外表。

No one is more conscious of appearance than you

__________（没有人比特伦斯Terence更具有竞争力）, which is why he has progressed so quickly.Wonders are many, and nothing is more wonderful than man _____________（没有一件东西是比人更为奇妙的）.Nothing is more unhealthy for the spirit than preoccupations of that kind.没有什么比那种先占有的思想更有害于灵魂。

Nothing is more difficult than to restore authority after it has been shaken.天下的难事，莫过于恢复已被动摇了的权 威。

Nothing is more unsound than the reaction of any method which naturally arises.没有什么事情比排斥必然出现的方法更没有根据了。

Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。

Nothing is more easy than to tame an animal, and few things more difficult than to get it to breed freely under confinement, even when the male and female unite.驯养动物是一件最容易的事，但是要它们在幽禁状态下自由繁殖，既使雌雄交配，亦是一件很难的事。

History has proved that nothing is more difficult in war than to adhere to a single strategic plan.历史证明战争中最难的，是固执一简单的战略计划。

Nothing is more remarkable than the independent personality of the tongue now and then.有时候，语言的独特性比任何东西都重要。

No one is more committed than I to preserving and, indeed, enhancing them.所以，我定会以无比决心，致力维持并加强这些成功因素。

No one is more worthy to be enrolled in the democratic aristocracy.没有人比他更适合当民主的贵族。The 23 million Taiwan compatriots are our brothers and sisters of the same blood.No one is more eager than we are to resolve the Taiwan question through peaceful means.两千三百万台湾同胞是我们的手足兄弟，没有人比我们更希望通过和平的方式解决台湾问题。

She is a teacher than whom no one is more patient.她是个比谁都耐心的老师。

【语法点】when引出的定语从句

【课文原句】Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple.【例句衔接】

We will put off the picnic until next week, __________（那时天气可能会好一些）.Antecedent

We can never forget the day _________（香港回归祖国）.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。I still remembered the day when I first met Jenifer 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。

The next month, when you spend your vacation in your hometown, is coming/approaching /drawing near Where

第三篇：新概念英语第四册第二十单元课文词组拓展(教学用)

新概念英语第四册第二十单元课文词组拓展

Lesson 20 Snake poison 蛇毒

How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery.Over the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.It was not forced upon them by the survival competition;they could have caught and lived on prey without using poison just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do.Poison to a snake is merely a luxury;it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite.And why only snakes? Cats, for instance, would be greatly helped;no running rights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits just a bite and no more effort needed.In fact it would be an assistance to all the carnivorae--though it would be a two-edged weapon-When they fought each other.But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes(and one lizard).One wonders also why Nature, with some snakes concocted poison of such extreme potency.In the conversion of saliva into poison one might suppose that a fixed process took place.It did not;some snakes manufactured a poison different in every respect from that of others, as different as arsenic is from strychnine, and having different effects.One poison acts on the nerves, the other on the blood.The makers of the nerve poison include the mambas and the cobras and their venom is called neurotoxic.Vipers(adders)and rattlesnakes manufacture the blood poison, which is known as haemolytic.Both poisons are unpleasant, but by far the more unpleasant is the blood poison.It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a newer product from an improved formula.Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.This, however, means nothing.Snakes did not acquire their poison for use against man but for use against prey such as rats and mice, and the effects on these of viperine poison is almost immediate.(NCE Book Four)

含有come的词组

around about across

along

apart come _______ 发生，产生 come _______ 偶然遇见，碰上 come _______ 1.出现，发生；2.进步，进展 come _______ 破碎，崩溃 come _______ 1.苏醒，复原；2.顺便来访

down at

by between down to

come _______ 1.攻击，冲向；2.达到，了解 come _______ 1.分开，离间；2.妨碍（某人做某事）come by 1.得到，获得；2.访问，看望 come down 1.（物价等）下跌；2.落魄，潦倒 come down to 可归结为 off in into on

in for come_______ come _______ come _______ come _______ come _______

1.进入，进来；2.到达；3.当令，流行起来；4.（比赛时）获得……名；5.当选，就任，上台；6.（钱）到手，被收入 受到，遭到

1.进入，加入；2.开始处于；3.得到，继承 1.脱落，分开；2.结果，表现

1.（表示鼓励、催促等）快，走吧；2.进步，进展；3.发生，开始

round / out

/ through / to /

out with come _______ 1.出现，显露；2.出版，发表；3.结果是 come _______ 1.发表，公布；2.吐露，说出，提出；3.展出，供应 come_______ 1.来，前来；2.绕道而来；3.重又来到；4.改变主意，回心转意；

5.（风、船等）转向；6.苏醒，复元；7.让步，服从，照办

come _______ 经历……仍活着，安然度过 come_______ 1.苏醒；2.总数为，结果是；3.涉及，谈到

up

under

up for

up to

up with

up against

come _______ 1.编入，归入（某一项目）；2.受到，遭受（影向、支配等）come _______ 1.出现，发生 2.走上前来 come _______ 突然（或意外）碰到（困难、反对等）come _______ 1.升上来，升起，出现；2.出让，卖出；3.列入 come _______ 比得上，达到（标准等）come _______ 提出，想出，提供

come / go into _______ 实施，生效 come / go into _______ 实施，实行，生效 come to _______ 失败，遭受不幸

come / get to _______ 搏斗起来，开始勉力对付 come to a _______（事情等）达到危急的关头

come to _______ 苏醒过来，开始有生气 come into one’s _______ come into _______ come to one’s _______

显示自身的特点（或价值）

开始活动，开始运转，投入使用

1.恢复理性，醒悟过来；2.（昏迷后）苏醒过来

come to _______

妥协，和解 come _______

come to _______ 显露，暴露 come into _______ come to _______

come / draw to a_______

（预言、期望等）实现，成为现实

出现，形成 动手互殴 渐近结束

第四篇：新概念英语第二册语法总结：五种基本句型

新概念英语第二册语法总结：五种基本句型

1．主+谓（不及物动词）e.g.Man can think.The fire is burning.常用不及物动词有 break, breathe, burn, smoke, swim, skate, appear, disappear, work, think etc.2．主+谓+表语（系动词）e.g.He became a scientist.She is getting more and more beautiful.常用系动词： be, get, turn, feel, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, smell, become, go, prove etc.3．主+谓+宾（及物动词）e.g.We love peace.They will paint the door.常用动词有：see, watch, need, love, like, study, answer, carry, etc.4．主+谓+宾+宾补

e.g.We elected him president.They painted the door white.I advised the students to recite the texts.王牌重点：常用作宾补的形式（1）名词：

The couple named their baby Johnson.（2）形容词：

I keep the door open.（3）副词：

The naughty boy knocked the bottle over.（4）不定式：

He ordered his men to fire.（5）分词：

He heard me singing.I saw the vase broken.（6）介词短语：

They look on him as a teacher.（7）名词性从句：

I asked him what he was doing.5．（1）主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语

My friend bought me a gift.I passed him the book.（2）主+谓+直宾+介词+间宾

My friend bought a gift for me.常与介词 for 搭配的动词有：

buy, make, do, get, play, call, choose, cook, fetch, find, keep, order, save, etc.常与介词 to 搭配的动词有：

bring, give, grant, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay, promise, sell, send, show, each, tell, throw, write, etc.

第五篇：教学用——句型转换练习

五年级语文句型复习(教学用)

一、反问句变陈述句

1、先去掉（难道„„吗）（怎么„„呢）（怎能„„呢）

2、看句子中有没有 “不”，有“不”的去掉“不”，没 “不”的加上“不”

3、改问号（？）为句号（。）

例句：

1、世界上的事难道不是无奇不有吗？（改为陈述句）

世界上的事真是无奇不有。

2、这比天还高比海还深的恩情，我们怎么会忘记呢？（改为陈述句）

这比天还高比海还深的恩情，我们不会忘记。

二、陈述句变反问句

1、一般情况下，前半句不变，改后半句。

2、先加上（难道„„吗）（怎么„„呢）（怎能„„呢）

3、看句子中有没有 “不”，有“不”的去掉“不”，没 “不”的加上“不”

4、改句号（。）为问号（？）

例句：

1、我们不能因为学习任务重而不参加体育活动。

（改为反问句）

我们怎么能因为学习任务重而不参加体育活动呢？

2、享受幸福生活是每个公民的权利。（改为反问句）

享受幸福生活难道不是每个公民的权利吗？

三、缩句

1、先缩去（的、地、得）前面的词语

2、再缩去 表示时间、地点、大小、颜色、数量、方向、环境的词语

例句：

1、（山民的）（几句朴素的）话包蕴着（意味深长的）哲理。

（缩句）

话包蕴着哲理。

2、红四团取得了（长征中的）（又一次）（决定性的）胜利。（缩句）

红四团取得了胜利。

四、改为感叹句

1、在句子中加上（真„„啊）（真„„呀）

2、改句号（。）为感叹号（!）

例句：

1、这里的风景很美。（改为感叹句）

这里的风景真美啊！

2、生物是人类的好老师。（改为感叹句）

生物真是人类的好老师啊！

五、引述句改转述句

1、冒号前面的不变，改冒号（：）为逗号（，）去掉引号（“”）

2、将引号（“”）里的 我→他（她）这→那 你→前面的第二个人名

例句：

1、妈妈对我说：“我明天还要去开会。”（改为转述句）

妈妈对我说，她明天还要去开会。

2、外公对小英说：“这是中国最有名的花。”

（改为转述句）

外公对小英说，那是中国最有名的花。

3、王老师对小华说：“我把你的书包缝好了。”（改为转述句）王老师对小华说，她把小华的书包缝好了。

六、肯定句和否定句的转换

方法：选择同一个意思，可以从正面去表达，是肯定句：从反面去表达相同的意思，是否定句。将肯定句式改成否定句式，除了将原句中表示肯定的词语（如“能”“会”“可以”等）改成表示否定的词语，（如“不能”“不会”“不可以”）外，还应在原句式的适当位置再添上一个表示否定的词。

例句

1、楚王尊重晏子了。（改为双重否定）

2、人人都说“法轮功”是邪教。（改为双重否定）

3、我昨晚发烧了，今天只好请假在家休息。（改为双重否定）

4、这个问题不能不讲清楚。（改为肯定句）

4、没有哪一个同学说李医生不是好人。（改为肯定句）

6、这次活动的经过你不是不清楚。（改为肯定句）

七、修改病句

（一）、病句的几种类型：

1、成分残缺：即句子中缺少了某些必要成分，句子意思表达不清楚。

方法：找出缺少的“谁”，“什么”、或者是“怎么样”以作添加。

2、搭配不当：即句子中的某两种成分或某两个词语错误搭配。

方法：找出不当“点”进行合理化处理

3、词序颠倒：即句子里的词没有按照规律和表达意思的需要来排列。

方法：找出顺序颠倒的词再作修改。例：这本书对我很感兴趣。

4.、意思重复：即句子里出现多余成分，显得语句啰嗦，累赘。

方法：分清大小概念，决定取舍

5、概念不清：即句子中的意思含糊不清，令人不解、混淆。

例：造纸是中国的四大发明。我国的人口是世界上最多的国家。

6、前后矛盾：即句子意思前后不一致。

方法：找出矛盾的点，删去或改掉其中的一个。例：我估计他今天一定不会来了。

7、分类不当：即句子中把不是一类的归为了一类。

方法：找出不是一类的，进行修改或删除

例：菜园里种着西红柿、西瓜、黄瓜、毛豆、红豆、扁豆等蔬菜。

8、不合事理：

方法：与现实生活联系起来，尽量少做改动，终于原意，尊重客观事实。例：春天到了，种子长叶，生根，发芽。

9、指代不明：

方法：借助词语讲话说明白。

例：李刚和小海是好朋友，他经常帮助他。

例句（运用修改符号修改）

1、听了这个故事，我不约而同地笑起来。

2、《草原》这篇课文的作者是老舍先生写的。

3、家乡的春天是个迷人的地方。

4、我的家乡是山东人。

5、经过一个学期的努力，他改进了自己的缺点。

6、昨天晚上下了一天的雨。

7、我们的眼睛一下子集中到王老师身上。

8、虽然小明进步很大，但是老师表扬了他。

9、我唯一的业余爱好是喜欢打篮球和游泳。

10、《三国演义》是中国文学古典四大名著。

11、李刚把自己的座位让给了一位近视眼睛的同学。

12、经过治疗，小明的病很快恢复的健康。

13、我们必须认真改正并仔细检查作业中的错误。

14、我们迈着轻快地步子和欢乐的歌声去郊游。

15、陈明同学基本上完全改掉了不好的习惯。

16、中国的人口是世界上最多的国家。

17、他很果断，从来不听别人的意见。

18、多读课外书，可以是我们增长知识和写作水平。

八、修辞手法

（一）、比喻句就是打比方，用浅显、具体、生动的事物来比方抽象、难理解的事物。

比喻句由三部分构成：本体、喻体、比喻词

常用的比喻词有： “像” “好像’ “真像”“像„„似的”“像„„一样” “仿佛” “犹如”等 比喻句的判断依据： ①必须是两种不同类的事物 ②两种事物有相似之处

例句：

1、湖面很平静。(改为比喻句)湖面像一面镜子。

2、天气真闷。(改为比喻句)今天的天气像个大蒸笼，使人闷得慌。

3、泉水里的小气泡一个个直往上冒。(改为比喻句)

泉水里的小气泡像一串串珍珠直往上冒。

4、秋天到了，林间的落叶在飞舞。(改为比喻句)秋天到了，林间的落叶像一只只花蝴蝶在飞舞。

（二）、拟人句就是把物当作人来写，就是用写人的词语去写物。拟人句中常用的词语有：

（唱歌、唱着歌、跳舞、弹琴、眨着眼睛、露出了笑脸、笑弯了腰、、回家、吃饭等）例句：

1、小鸟在树枝上叽叽喳喳的叫。（改写为拟人句）

小鸟在树枝上叽叽喳喳的唱歌。

2、星星在天空中一闪一闪的。（改写为拟人句）

星星在天空中眨着眼睛。

3、小溪水哗啦啦地在山间流淌。（改写为拟人句）

小溪水哗啦啦地在山间唱着歌。

4、清澈的溪水流向远方。（改写为拟人句）

清澈的溪水唱着歌流向远方。

(三)、夸张句就是对事物的某方面夸大或缩小。

例句：

1、我住的房间只有巴掌大。

2、教师里真安静，连一根针掉在地上也能听见。

3、他的声音真大，连聋子也能听见。

(四)、设问句（自问自答）

例句：

1、是谁创造了人类世界？是我们劳动群众。

2、这些菜是谁买的？原来是妈妈买的。(五)、反问句（只问不答）

例句：

1、享受幸福生活难道不是每个公民的权利吗？

2、难道我们中彩得到汽车是不道德的吗？

(六)、排比句是把三个或三个以上结构相同或相似、语气相同的句子排在一起组成的句子。(有时，两个句子也可以叫做排比句)例句：人生如酒，每一口都是醉人的；人生如泉，每一滴都是甘甜的；人生如诗，每一句都是动人的；人生如歌，每一首都是悦耳的；人生如梦，每一个都是美丽的。

(七)、常用的修辞手法有： 比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶 设问、反问、引用、反语、反复

例句（什么修辞手法）

（1）桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。（）（2）高梁涨红了脸，稻子笑弯了腰。（）（3）红色是火的颜色，是血的颜色，是旗帜的颜色。（）（4）这块大石头，远看像一位老人。（）

(照样子写句子)

1、例：李老师推开门走进教室。

2、例：夜空的繁星，仿佛碧波上撒满的宝石。

3、例：井冈山是中国革命的摇篮。

4、例：敌人使用了燃烧弹，邱少云的周围成了一片火海。

5、例：天空的星星快活地眨着眼睛。

八、常用的说明方法有：

举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较 下定义、分类别、列图表、作诠释、假设

九、以文明用语的要求，将下列话换个说法。

1、喂，妈，今天开学了，快给钱。

2、奶奶，学校号召我们捐款救灾，快给我五元钱。

3、喂，老头，把锄头借我用一下。

4、小红，把窗关一下。