高考英语教案——并列句、宾从、状从

第一篇：高考英语教案——并列句、宾从、状从

并

列

句Compound Sentence 在并列句中，一般有两个或两个以上的互不依从的主谓结构。每个分句意义同等重要，联系密切，无从属关系。通常的并列连词，根据所连接的上下文的逻辑关系，可以分为以下几类：

1）表示增补关系的并列连词：and, then, both„and, neither„nor, not only„but also, as well as

例如：Jim is good at English, and Tom is good at English, too.Not only Jim but also Tom is good at English.Jim is good at English as well as Tom.Both Jim and Tom are good at English.2)表示选择关系的并列连词：or, or else, otherwise, either„or, whether„or

例如：We must study hard, otherwise(or)we won’t go to college.我们得努力，否则就上不了大学。

3)表示转折关系的并列连词：but, while, however

例如：They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn’t.他们很奇怪一个孩子能解决这个问题而他们自己却不能。

4)表示因果关系的并列连词：so, therefore

例如：It is very hot outside, so I don’t want to go out.外面太热，所以我不想出去。

小试牛刀

neither…nor

and

either…or

or

so

but

then 1.I hate smoking, _____ I don’t like drinking, either.2.Be careful, _____ you will fall off the bike.3.I like chocolate, _______ it is bad for teeth.4.______ Saturday ______ Sunday is OK.I’ll be free in these two days.5.I wanted to know the answer, _______ I went to ask him.6.He had a drink, _______ went to bed.7.In spring it is_____hot _____ cold here.状 语 从 句（Adverbial Clause）

1）地点状语从句:

例如：Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

You should put the book where it was..你应该把书放回原处。2)时间状语从句：(when,as soon as, after, while,until,the first time etc.)

例如：As soon as he finishes the work, he will come to see me.他一完成工作就来看完。

The first time I met him, he was reading a book.第一次遇到他的时候，他正在看书。

3)原因状语从句：（since, because,as etc.）

例如：Since he is very busy, we had better leave him alone.因为他很忙，我们最好让他一个人呆着。

4)结果状语从句：(so„that, such„ that, so that, etc.)

例如：He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.The boy is very young so that he can’t go to school.他太小还不能上学。

5)目的状语从句：(so that/in order that)

例如：You must get up earlier so that/in order that you can catch the first bus.你得早点起床以便赶上头班车。

6)方式状语从句：(as,(just)as„so„, as if, as though,the way)

例如：Do just as I say and sit down.照我说的做,然后坐下.He acts as though no one existed.他自行其是,好像没人在场一样.Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样,读这个单词.7)条件状语从语：(if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that, etc.)

例如：Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.除非你太累了要不然我们出去散散步。

You can use the bicycle on condition that you return it tomorrow.只要你明天归还,自行车你可以拿去用。

8)让步状语从句：(although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（无论„）, even if, even though)

例如：Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot.尽管他是个小孩，却知道很多。9)比较状语从句：（as...as，than，not as/so...as，the more...the more）

例如：The work is not so difficult as you imagine.这工作不像你想像的那么困难。

It’s easier than I thought.比我想的容易些。

The more you study, the more knowledge you can get.你学的知识越多，你的知识越丰富。

宾 语 从 句(Objective clause)

*定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.*学习宾语从句三要素： 连接词

语序

时态。

一、宾语从句的连接词

从属连词

连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that；if；whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, 而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例如：He believes that he can improve his English by working hard.他相信通过努力他能够提高英语。

I don’t know if/whether I can improve my English by working hard.我不知道通过努力我是否能提高英语。

连接代词

连接代词一般指疑问.主要有who, whom , whose, what ,whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等.例如：I don’t know what you did last night.我不知道你昨晚干了什么。I don’t care who they can believe.他们相信谁我不管。

连接副词

连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 等.例如：The map will show you where the school is.这地图会告诉你这所学校在哪里.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.二、宾语从句的时态

1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。所以，宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况而定。

例如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班。

She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。

She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。

2）当主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时候，其宾语从句的时态一般要用一适当的过去时态。

例如：He said there were no classes yesterday.他说昨天没有课。

He said(that)he was going to look after the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。

He said(that)they were having a meeting then.他说他们那时正在开会。

注意：但是当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。

例如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快。

三、宾语从句的语序

1.宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构

Can you tell me when will the meeting start?(╳)Can you tell me when the meeting will start?(√)

例题：

1.You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited

2.I don’t know ______________________.A.where he comes

B.where comes he C.Where does he come

D.Where he does come 2.主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来.例如：我认为他不会来我的舞会.I think he won’t come to my party.(╳)I don’t think he will come to my party.(√)

3.如果主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句时看从句。如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。

例如：I think he is a good student, isn’t he ？

They want to know if he is a good student, don’t they ？

例题：

(1)I don’t think he is right,__________? A．isn’t he

B．is he

C．do I

D．don’t I(2)He believes she is right, __________? A．doesn’t he

B．does he

C．is she

D．isn’t she(3)I thought that he disliked playing football,__________? A．didn’t he

B．did he

C．did I

D．didn’t I

*宾语从句的种类： 宾语从句分为三类:

动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句

形容词的宾语从句.一、动词的宾语从句

大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。如：say、tell、think、know、see、hear、hope、guess、find、feel 等

例如：We all expect that our class will succeed , for the students are all very hard-working.我们都估计我们班会成功,因为同学们都很努力.He told us that he was very excited when he met one of his friends in the canteen.他告诉我们当他在食堂遇到一个朋友时非常兴奋.二、动词短语也可以带宾语从句

例如：Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?

三、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例如：I think it necessary that we take notes in class.我认为课堂上记笔记是必要的.I feel it a pity that I missed the chance.我错过这机会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.例题：

I find _____ important that we practice English every day.A.it B.this C.that D.what

四、介词的宾语从句

例如：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.五、形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised

例如：She was pleased that she passed the exam.她通过了考试很高兴.I am sorry that I stepped on your foot.很抱歉我踩你的脚了.He was surprised that Mary went to see him when he was ill.他很奇怪在他生病的时候Mary能去看望他.宾语从句练习题

1.I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow._________ he comes, I'll tell you．

A.if;Whether

B.whether;Whether

C.if;That

D.if;If 2.I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.A.when does he come

B.how will he come

C.if he comes

D.whether he'll come 3.Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?

A.what

B.how

C.whether

D.where 4.Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?

A.how did he mend

B.what did he mend

C.how he mended

D.what he mended 5.I want to know _________.A.whom is she looking after

B.whom she is looking

C.whom is she looking

D.whom she is looking after 6.Do you know where _________ now?

A.he lives

B.does he live

C.he lived

D.did he live 7.I think ______ a duty for me that I should help others.A.that

B.this

C.what

D.it 8.My father thought Mary was wrong, _________?

A.didn’t he

B.wasn’t he C.didn’t she

D.wasn’t she 9.The small children don't know _________.A.what is their stockings in

B.what is in their stockings

C.where is their stockings in

D.what in their stockings 10.I can't understand _________.A.what does Christmas mean

B.what Christmas does mean

C.what mean Christmas does

D.what Christmas means 11.His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.A.didn’t think;was;that

B.thought;was;whether C.didn’t think;was;

D.thought;wasn´t;12.Please tell me ______ last year.A.where does your sister work

B where did your sister work C where your sister works

D where your sister worked 13.13.I like ________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this

B.that

C.it

D.one 14.I don't believe they have finished their work yet, ________ ? A.have they

B.have’t they C.do I

D.don't’t I 15.I want to know _______ it’s good news or not.A.whether

B.if

C.that

D.how

宾语从句答案：1—5DDDCD 6—10ADDBD 11-15 ADCAA

状语从句专项练习题

（）1 The meeting didn't start___ everyone was there.A.because

B.until

C.why

D.if（）2 The boy ___ to bed ___ his mother came in.A.went not;until

B.didn't go;after C.went;until

D.didn't go;until（）3 I won't believe you___ I have seen it with my own eyes.A.before

B.until

C.after

D.when（）4 They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back.A.until

B.while

C.as soon as

D.if

（）5.I ___ him since I began to live in the city.A.know

B.have known

C.knew

D.will know（）6.Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ___ she was ill.A.because

B.but

C.until

D.if

（）7.May I sit nearer___I can see more clearly? A.as if

B.so that

C.even if

D.so（）8.___ you work hard, you will certainly succeed.A.Though

B.If

C.Because

D.For（）9.___ he came to study in the school, he has made much progress in the study of English.A.While

B.When

C.Since

D.After（）10.I'd like to go swimming _____ the water is not too cold.A.for

B.unless

C.if

D.whether（）11.There are ___ many league members in class 2 ___ in Class 4.A.both;and

B.'so;that

C.either;or

D.as;as（）12.Suzhou is not ____ beautiful ____ Hangzhou.A.as;than

B.so;as

C.even;than

D./;than（）13.I want to know ___ she is going to see a film.A.if

B.that

C.what

D.which（）14.You are sure to pass the exam ___ you study hard.A.if

B.though

C.that

D.since（）15.I'll go to see the film with you___I have time this evening.A.whether

B.so

C.if

D.when（）16.___ you study harder, you'll never pass the final exam.A.If

B.Until

C.Unless

D.Except（）17.Although it was raining, ________ still worked in the fields.A.but they

B.and they

C.they

D.and yet they（）18.___ there were only five soldiers left at the front, ___ they went on fighting.A.Because;so

B.If;and

C.Though;but

D.Though;/（）19.___ she is very old, ___ she can still work eight hours a day.A.Because;so

B.Though;but

C.As;yet

D.Though;yet（）20.Lift it up___I may see it.A.though

B.so that

C.as

D.than

状语从句答案：1-5 B D B A B 6-10 A B B C C 11-15 D B A A C 16-20 C C D D B

第二篇：怎么区分定从宾从同位语从句

怎么区分定从宾从同位语从句？（从成分方面）老师说什么。。做在句子中做成分就是。。去掉以后句子不完整就是。。

满意答案：

从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类，即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。引导从句的词称作关联句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether;连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;连接副词where, when, why, how。其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.I don't know if he will attend the meeting.Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句)[提示] 1.在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末.It's well known that water is indispensable to life.2.为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.3.从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。I don't know whether(if)she is at home.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.4.that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。He always means what he says.She suggested(that)he do it at once.5.同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面,如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省，一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.如何判断各类从句呢？ 答： 1．分析句子结构以区分从句的种类。遇到一个复合句，首先要分析其句子结构，看从句在整个句子中起什么作用，那么它就是什么从句。2． 分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类。that这个词既可引导同位语从句，又可引导定语从句，这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似，如何区分呢？区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是，看that在从句中是否充当句子成分，若that在从句中不充当任何成分，则为同位语从句；若that在从句中充当主语或宾语，则为定语从句。3． 根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类。定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词，如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等。而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词，如fact、idea、promise、truth等，用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词。4．根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类。宾语从句分两种：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句。宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的，所以其前一定是一个名词或代词。5．根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类。如so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，如何区分呢？主要从以下两点来区分。①根据上下文意义判断。“以便……”表示目的，是目的状语从句，“以致于……”，“结果……”表示结果，是结果状语从句。②从结构形式上来分辨。so that前有逗号，为结勤劳的蜜蜂有糖吃 果状语从句，反之，则为目的状语从句。有时，so that前无逗号，这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词，如果有，则多是目的状语从句，若没有，则多是结果状语从句。

第三篇：高考英语语法-简单句并列句和反意疑问句

专题十五 简单句、并列句和反意疑问句

一、简单句

简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构，而且句子的各个成分都只是单词和短语。也就是说，如果一个句子里出现两个或更多并列的主语共同使用一个谓语，或一个主语后面接两个或多个并列的谓语，或者两个主语后面接两个谓语，我们都应视其为简单句。Not only Tom but also his two sisters take great interest in piano.不仅汤姆，而且他的两个姐姐也对钢琴感兴趣。

The man got up, put on his coat, hurried downstairs and run out into the street.那个人起床，穿上大衣，匆匆忙忙下了楼，跑到了街上。

二、并列句

并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起，但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal.在射门前他迟疑了一下，要不然的话，他就进了一球。

He came to my class every week, but his attitude suggested he was not really interested in the subject.每周他都会来上我的课，但从他的态度中我知道他对这门课程并不是真的感兴趣。

三、反意疑问句

反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。

Your brother has gone to the library, hasn't he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？

He was a lazy child, and he didn't pass the exam, did he? 他是一个懒孩子，他没能通过考试，是吗？

This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn't it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？ 在近几年的高考试题中对简单句、并列句和反意疑问句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

一、简单句

1．考查简单句中的并列成分

第 1页

共 9页

Tired and hungry, the old man couldn't walk any further.老人又累又饿，走不动了。

The two girls walked along the path, talking and laughing.那两个女孩沿小路走着，有说有笑。

The man tied the horse to a tree and went into the inn.那个人把马栓到一棵树上，走进了酒馆 2．考查情景对话中的简单句的用法

(1)—Shall we go out for dinner tonight？今晚我们出去吃饭吧？

—That sounds great.那太好了！

(2)

—It shouldn't take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.聚会后如果我们都帮忙的话很快就会收拾干净。

—That„s right.Many hands make light work.是的。人多力量大。

二、并列句

1.考查so, and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...等表示先后、递进关系的并列连词

All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.这项任务的所有准备工作都已完成，我们正准备着手做它。

Not only does she speak Spanish, she also knows how to type.她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。

2．考查or, or else, either...or...等表示选择关系的并列句Come and have lunch with me；either Tuesday or Wednesday.来和我共进午餐，星期二或者星期三。

3．考查but, yet, still, however等连接的表示相反或者转折的并列句

They are not very good, but we like to play basketball with them anyway.他们球技不是很好，但不管怎样我们还是喜欢和他们打篮球。

三、反意疑问句

1.考查祈使句的反意疑问句

Don't play football in the street, will you? 不要在街上打篮球好吗？

2.考查let's...的反意疑问句

Let's go home together, shall we? 我们一起回家好吗？

3．考查陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词的反意疑问句

He seldom takes a bus to school, does he？他很少乘公共汽车去学校，对吗？

第 2页

共 9页

4.考查复合句的反意疑问句

They said that you had finished your homework, didn't they？他们说你做完作业了，是吗？

高考真题探究（2006—2011年）

【2011重庆卷28】I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ? A.could he

B.didn‟t I

C.didn‟t you

D.could they 【答案】B 【考点】考查反义疑问句。

【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为肯定，故附加部分为否定，本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I told them……，所以选择B。句意：我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？

【2011辽宁卷33】_____ a strange plant!I've never seen it before.A.Which

B.What

C.How

D.Whether where 【答案】B 【考点】考查感叹句。

【解析】句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n．+it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。

【2011上海卷 30】It doesn‟t matter if they want to come to your party, _______? A.doesn‟t it B.does it

C.don‟t they

D.do they 【答案】B 【考点】考查反义疑问句。

【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他们是否来参加你的派对，没有关系，是吗？

〖10全国Ⅰ〗I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now.A.so

B.very

C.too

D.rather 〖答案〗A 〖考点〗此题考查so…as….的固定结构

〖解析〗句意：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。此题考查so…as….的固

第 3页

共 9页

定结构, 题干中的关键词是as, 译为 “像…..一样, 正如…..一样”。因此选择A。〖09湖南〗You and I could hardly work together，? A.could you B.couldn‟t I C.couldn‟t we 〖答案〗D 〖考点〗反义疑问句的用法。

〖解析〗根据陈述部分是肯定形式, 疑问部分用否定形式；反之。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly, 故疑问部分用肯定形式, 主语是you and I。故应选D。〖09陕西〗He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，?

A.is he

B.isn‟t he

C.must he

D.mustn‟t he

〖答案〗B 〖考点〗考查反意疑问句。

〖解析〗陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must, 但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测, 将其不看作情态动词。而must后有助动词be, 故反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成, 选B。

〖09四川〗—I wonder ________ you‟ll water this kind of flower.—Every other day.A.how often

B.how long

C.how soon

D.how much

〖答案〗A 〖考点〗相似疑问词的区别。

〖解析〗根据答语Every other day可知对方问的是多久浇一次这种花。how often问频率, 符合题意。

〖09上海〗Sally‟s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______? A.hasn‟t she B.has she 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗此题考查反意问句。

〖解析〗Sally‟s的完全形式是Sally has, 判断反意问句部分用助动词has；never表示否定, 因此反意问句部分用肯定。答案B。

〖09辽宁〗It‟s the first time that he has been to Australia，? A isn‟t he

B hasn‟t he

C isn‟t it

D hasn‟t it 〖答案〗C

第 4页

共 9页

D.could we

C.isn‟t she D.is she

〖考点〗此题考查反意问句。

〖解析〗陈述部分是主从复合句时, 其反意疑问部分的构成常以主句为判断依据。答案C。〖08湖南〗

the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.A.Having searched 〖答案〗D 〖考点〗此题考查祈使句+and+简单句

〖解析〗祈使句+and+简单句, 相当于if引导的条件状语从句。

〖08江苏〗It is often said that the joy of travelling is

in arriving at your destination

in the journey itself.A./;but 〖答案〗D 〖考点〗此题考查并列句式。

〖解析〗not...but...不是……而是……, 连接两个并列成分。句意为：据说旅游的快乐不在于你所到达的地方而在于旅程本身。

〖07北京〗When you‟ve finished with that book, don‟t forget to put it back on the shelf, ? B.don‟t you

C.will you

D.won‟t you B./;or

C.not;or

D.not;but

B.To search

C.Searching

D.Search A.do you 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗祈使句的反意疑问句

〖解析〗祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you。

〖07上海〗The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.it was!

A.What a dangerous scene

C.How a dangerous scene

〖答案〗A 〖考点〗本题考查感叹句。

〖解析〗What a dangerous scene it was!= How dangerous the scene was!〖06全国Ⅰ〗Mary，A.come

here—everybody else, stay where you are.

C.to come

D.coming

B.What dangerous a scene D.How dangerous the scene B.comes

第 5页

共 9页

〖答案〗A 〖考点〗考查祈使句的用法

〖解析〗本题考查了祈使句的用法。Mary和everybody else作为呼语出现, 后面的句子为祈使句, 省略了第二人

称的主语you, 故应用动词原形。

〖06全国Ⅱ〗We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, A.do you 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗此题考查祈使句的反意疑问句

〖解析〗祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, 意思是

“好吗, 可以吗”。〖06福建〗I‟m sure you‟d rather she went to school by bus，A.hadn‟t you

〖答案〗B 〖考点〗本题考查反意疑问句。

〖解析〗在反意疑问句中, 如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等, 且主语为第一人称, 简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应, 而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。〖06重庆〗 and I‟ll get the work finished.

B.wouldn‟t you

C.aren‟t I

? B.can we

C.will you

?

D.shall we

D.didn‟t she

A.Have one more hour B.One more hour

C.Given one more hourD.If I have one more hour 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗本题考查 “祈使句+and+简单句”的用法, 〖解析〗本题考查 “祈使句+and+简单句”的用法, 其中祈使句可转换成名词短语, 如One more word and I‟ll beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C, D两项, 要去掉and。

模拟试题探究

1．(2010江苏盐城高三调研)—Andrew won't like it, you know.—________？ I don't care what Andrew thinks!A．So what

B．So where

C．So why

D．So how

第 6页

共 9页

【答案与解析】 A 根据下文的“我不在乎安德鲁怎么想”判断，应选A项，意为“那又怎么样呢？”

2．(2010安徽安庆一中高三模拟)Help others whenever you can ________ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.A．but

B．or

C．unless

D．and

【答案与解析】 D 这是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”结构，相当于一个含有条件状语从句的句子：If you help others whenever you can, you will make the world a nicer place to live in.3．(2010陕西五校高三模拟)When you've finished with that book, don't forget to put it back one the shelf，________？

A．do you

B．don't you

C．will you

D．won't you 【答案与解析】 C 肯定的祈使句的反意疑问句可用will you或won't you，但否定的祈使句的反意疑问句只能用will you。

4．(2010河北保定市高三二模)You have failed two tests.You'd better start working harder, ________you won't pass the course.A．and

B．so

C．but

D．or 【答案与解析】 D or“否则；不然的话”，引导并列句。

5．(2010山西康杰中学高三四模)If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you.If you shout, this is no good，________？

A.do you B．don't you

C.is it

D.isn't it 【答案与解析】 C 句子的主语为this, that时，反意问句的主语用it。

6．(2010四川绵阳高考模拟)You may not have played very well today, but at least you've got through to the next round and ________.A．tomorrow never comes

B．tomorrow is another day C．never put off till tomorrow

D．there is no tomorrow 【答案与解析】 B 该题需根据上下文的语义判断，tomorrow is another day“明天又是新的一天”。

7．(2010浙江杭州高三二模)________ it was!A．What a splendid scene B．What splendid a scene

第 7页

共 9页

C．How a splendid scene D．How splendid the scene 【答案与解析】 A scene是可数名词同时又是中心词，所以选A项，用How来引导则为：How splendid a scene it was!8．(安徽省合肥市2010高三年级模拟试卷)Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ________ their education that causes misunderstanding.A．like

B．as

C．or

D．but 【答案与解析】 D 根据前面的not判断，句子的上下文为转折关系，所以用but。题意为“两代人之间，不是他们的年龄，而是教育引起了误解”。

9．(2010福建龙岩一中高考模拟)—What do you know from the signpost? —It ________the direction of London from here.A．announces

B．explains C．points

D．indicates 【答案与解析】 D announce“宣布”；explain“解释”；point(to)“指向”；indicate“标示”。题意为“它标示了从这里去伦敦的方向”。

10．(2010东北师大附中高三模拟)—I should have gone to the wonderful concert with you yesterday.—What a pity!________，I wish I would have another such chance.A．If possible C.So what

B．No problem D.What for

【答案与解析】 A if possible“如果有可能的话”，与上下文语意相符。no problem“没问题”；so what“那又怎么样呢”；what for“为什么”，都不符合题意。

11．(2010长沙长郡中学高三一模)—Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.—________？ That's his third one in just one month.A．Had he

B．Did he

C．Does he

D．Has he 【答案与解析】 B 根据上文的bought可知，此处应用did。

12．(2010厦门一中高三模拟)________felt funny watching myself on TV.A．One

B．This

C．It

D．That 【答案与解析】 C it作主语代替后面的watching myself on TV。

13．(2010江苏如白本一中高三模拟)All flights had been called off ________ the terrible weather，第 8页

共 9页

so they had to go there by train.A．instead of

B．in spite of

C.according to

D.because of 【答案与解析】 D because of“由于；因为”，后接名词、代词或名词性从句。

14．(2010东北三校联考)________ and out of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A．To be tried

B.Tired C.Tiring

D.Being tiring

【答案与解析】 B tired“疲惫的”，常用来指人；tiring“令人疲倦的”，常用来指事物。15．(2010西安四校统考)It is so nice to hear from her.________，we last met more than thirty years ago.A．What's more

B.That is to say C．In other words

D．Believe it or not 【答案与解析】 D believe it or not“信不信由你”。

第 9页

共 9页

第四篇：2010高考二轮复习英语教案

2010高考二轮复习英语教案

专题八 非谓语动词和独立主格结构

【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语；3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。

【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。

【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别；2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式；3.非谓语动词完成式的用法；4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语；5.非谓语动词用作目的状语；6.非谓语动词用作结果状语；7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题；9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。

对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。【知识网络】 非谓语动词用法

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人„„的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到„„”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对„„感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth.is interesting.这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的

Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 【口诀记忆】

决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮，愿望似乎就没有，碰巧承担常努力。attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划

bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习vow起

contrive设法，图谋 incline有„倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使 bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求 assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告 exhort告诫，勉励 pray请求

authorize授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report报告

compel强迫 invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤 command命令 intend想要，企图 show 显示 drive驱赶 mean意欲，打算 train训练 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使，让 tell告诉 direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱 entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫 enable使能够 need需要 urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指责，谴责 lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 【口诀记忆】

考虑建议盼原谅，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡

acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有，喜爱 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒

can't help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避 can't stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口 consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想，爱好 favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描绘，计算 miss错过 resent怨恨

finish完成，结束不得 pardon原谅，饶恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复 imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 risk冒险

involve卷入，包含 practise 实行，实践 suggest建议 hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救，储蓄 keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受 loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 【口诀记忆】 想起忘记常后悔

1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4)regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6)mean to do打算，有意要„ mean doing意味着

7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建议（做某事）9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．

10)need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。

I don't regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。

Let's try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。I didn't mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。

This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1）不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系

He was the last one to leave school yesterday．昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was from London．将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系 Get him something to eat．给他拿点儿东西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。

I need a pen to write with．我需要一支笔写字。There is nothing to worry about．没有什么值得发愁的。

4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如： ability能力，本领 drive赶，驾驶 movement运动，活动 ambition抱负，野心 effort努力，尝试 need需要，需求 campaign战役，运动 failure失败，不及格 opportunity机会 chance机会 force力，压力，要点 promise许诺，希望 courage勇气 intention意向，意图 reason理由，原因 decision决定 method方法，方式 light光，光线，亮光

determination决心，决定 motive动机，目的 struggle奋斗，努力，tendency倾向，趋势 wish希望，愿望，祝愿

5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。

6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。

7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要求不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要买辆车的愿望实现了。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us． 他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave． 他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。(2)分词作定语

分词作定语时有下面几个特点：

1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。He rushed into the burning house．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room facing south is our classroom．朝南的房间是我们的教室。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? He is an advanced teacher．他是个先进教师。

3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意： departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：

Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？

Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ 5．不定式和分词作状语的区别

（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。

They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：

a：not/never too„to, too„not to , but/only too„ to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义

b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。

c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。6．非谓语动词常考的其它结构（1)疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如：

When to start has not been decided．何时动身尚未决定。(主语)I don't know what to do．我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)The difficulty was how to cross the river．困难在于如何过河。(表语)I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语）注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介词except和but作“只有„，只能„”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式 连用）。

When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不带to的不定式

1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有： feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到 watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知 notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听

On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue.2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如： Let him do it.让他做吧。

I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：

①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如： He was seen to come．

The boy was made to go to bed early.②在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。

3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)结构中。例如：

Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。

The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。

There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。

（4）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构

1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。

(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如： It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的。

2)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

3)某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你帮助我太好了。

间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。

7．非谓语动词中的有关句型（1）动名词作主语的句型

1）Doing...+ v.Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2)It is + no use, no good(fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。

It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。

3)It is + useless(nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光说没用。

It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。8.非谓语动词的特殊结构

有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语，用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。1）现在分词的独立结构

judging from / by„, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的独立结构

to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)动词原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作连词的分词considering（考虑到，就„而言），providing / provided „假如，supposing 假如 这些词用来表示条件的连词，后接that 从句。

独立主格结构

一、概念：

“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。

二、功能：

“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。

三、形式：

独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成：第一部分有名词或代词担任，第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。按其结构形式分为：—ing 分词独立主格结构；—ed分词独立主格结构；无动词独立主格结构等。

四、举例：

1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于无事可做，他们离开了。（代词＋－ing;表原因）

2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老师走进教室，手里拿着书。（无动词结构；表伴随）

3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。（名词＋－ed;表状态）

4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放学了，我们开始玩篮球。（名词＋副词；表时间）

5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.没再多说一个字，他拾起那张纸。（借此结构；表伴随）

6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。（名词＋不定式；表时间）

五、独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同：

1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句。但是，独立主格结构转换成状语从句后，有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转化为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语相同。例：

⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.如果时间允许，本周末我们最好休息一下。

⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.－→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶楼上看，花园更漂亮。

2、还应该注意，分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致，而是主句的其他成分。语法上称作“依着原则”；有些分词结构在句子上找不到它的逻辑主语，语法上称作“悬垂分词”。例：

⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time.在屋里找表，用了我很长时间。(依着原则)⑵ When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root.(我们)种花时必须小心，不能碰坏花根。（悬垂分词）

六、独立主格结构与独立成分的异同：

1、有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际上已经成了习惯短语。这些短语有：generally speaking;frankly speaking;judging from;supposing等等。例：

⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.总的来说，这个规则很容易懂。

⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl.根据他所说的，她一定很诚实。

2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分。这些短语有：to be honest;to be sure;to tell you the truth;to cut a long story short;to be frank;to make the matter worse等等。例：

⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion.说实话，我在会上说的并不是我的意见。

⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car.更糟糕的是，他把钥匙锁在车里了

七、非谓语动词独立主格结构

在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系）

= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）

= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）

= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A．不定式“独立主格结构”

在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。1．动词不定式用主动的形式

在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）

——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ ——sorry.So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。

（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.）

The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。

（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）

Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”

动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）

1． 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated）2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him）必背：

含有being的独立主格结构。

It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded.今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。

= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。

= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3． 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）

The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）

C．-ed形式“独立主格结构”

与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。

The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。

= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。

= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.The task completed, he had two months' leave.任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。（=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）比较：

动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。

The manager looks worried，many things to settle.经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束）

The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）

The food cooked, the boy went to bed.饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的

八、with、without 引导的独立主格结构

介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。A． with+名词代词+形容词

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：

在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。

With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。B． with+名词代词+副词

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C． with+名词代词+介词短语

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。

= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D． with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式

With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信号发出了，火车开始起动了。

= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.工作还没完成，我不敢回家。

= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.E． with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。

= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.F． with+名词代词+动词不定式

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。

= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。

The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示：

在with/without 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without不能省略）

九、独立主格结构的句法功能

独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外，还能作定语。在形式上，“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗号与主句隔开。A．作状语

独立主格结构作状语，其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。1．表示时间 Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.夜幕降临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。

（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后，他们才开始吃饭。

（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都买好后，格雷斯打的回家了。

（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）2．表示原因

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有许多难题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。

（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）

There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.由于在半夜没有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。

(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示条件

Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天气允许的话，我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。

（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）All the work done, you can have a rest.所有工作做好后，你可以休息。

（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）

Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.如果从各方面考虑，你的计划似乎更实际些。

（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：

表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词。【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their classroom.下课了，学生都离开了教室。

【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way.月亮出来了，他们继续赶路。4．表示伴随情况或补充说明

The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。

（= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.杀人犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。

（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.有两百人在事故中丧生，其中许多是儿童。

（Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.）B．作定语

独立主格结构作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.(with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the student)他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。

= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off.(with 的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle)你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。

= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。(without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road)= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.提示：

在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要提示的是，不 是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。

If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful.如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美。（不要改为独立主格结构）

If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.如果你仔细检查试卷的话，有些错误是可以避免的。（不要改为独立主格结构）

第五篇：高考英语单项选择精品教案-并列句和状语从句

嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

专题九 并列句和状语从句

高考命题聚焦

1．(2011年高考山东卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.A．even if

B．if only C．in case

D．so that 解析：句意：他准备好了相机，以便他看到好的东西就随时拍下来。even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句； if only“如果„„就好了”，引导虚拟条件句；so that 引导目的和结果状语从句，均不符合句意。由句意可知应选in case，意为“以防万一”。答案：C 2．(2011年高考天津卷)________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A．If

B．As C．Although

D．Unless 解析：句意：虽然有规律的锻炼很重要，但在临睡觉前锻炼却从来不是个好主意。if可引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；as 可引导时间状语从句，表示“当„„时”，若引导让步状语从句，句子需用倒装；分析前句“有规律的锻炼很重要”和后句“临睡前锻炼却不好”可知，前句为后句的让步状语，故选C项，although 表示“虽然”，可引导让步状语从句；unless 表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句。答案：C 3．(2011年高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.A．whenever

B．however C．whichever

D．wherever 解析：句意：请打电话让我的秘书安排一个会议，在今天下午或是任何你方便的时候。whenever无论何时；however无论如何；whichever无论哪一个；wherever无论何地。此处or连接的是和this afternoon并列的两个时间状语(从句)，故只有A项正确。答案：A 4．(2011年高考陕西卷)________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.A．Since

B．While C．If

D．As 解析：句意：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。since因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as因为。根据句意选while。答案：B 5．(2011年高考福建卷)It was April 29,2011________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A．that

B．when C．since

D．before 解析：句意：2011年4月29日，威廉王子与凯特·米德尔顿步入了婚礼殿堂。分析句子结构可知，April 29,2011为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。此题易误选A项that，认为这是强调句型“It's/was＋被强调部分＋that...”的应用。若选 that 的话，April 29,2011前要加介词on。答案：B

第 1页

共 6页 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

核心考点突破

一、句子的分类

二、并列句的基本概念

并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。

三、常见的并列句

1．表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，not...but...等。

(2011年高考山东卷)Find ways to praise your children often，________you'll find they will open their hearts to you.A．till

B．or C．and

D．but 句意：如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。本题所考查的句式为“祈使句＋and/or＋ 陈述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示条件下的结果，故用 and 连接；or表示“否则”，与句意不符。

C 2．表选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...，otherwise等。Either you are right，or I am.要么你对，要么我对。Don't drive so fast，or/otherwise you'll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。

3．表转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas，while等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.简说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。

第 2页

共 6页 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

Some men are rich，while/whereas others are poor.一些人很富有但其他人很贫穷。

4．表因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。

The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。

5．when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(1)sb.was doing sth.when...(2)sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(3)sb.had just done sth.when...。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。

We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。

典例2](2011年高考浙江卷)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.A．after

B．while C．since

D．when 句意：一个周五，我们正在打包裹动身去过周末，就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。表示“正在做某事„„就在这时(突然)„„”用be doing sth.when…，所以D项正确。

D 6．while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。

一、时间状语从句 1．when，while和as when引导的从句的谓语动词既可是一个持续性动词，也可是非持续性动词；while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比；as引导的从句的谓语动词可以是持续性动词，也可以是非持续性动词，有“随着”之意，多用于主从句动作同时发生。

2．as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when，once等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一„„就„„”。3．till，until和not(...)until till，until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某一时间才停止”。not(...)until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“直到……才……”。not(...)until还可以用于强调句和倒装句。4．before和since 若表达“没过……就，过了……才”之意时，须用连词before，句式为“It was/will be＋时间段＋before...”；since意为“自从……”，句式为“It is/has been＋时间段＋since...”。

5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time等名词短语引导时间状语从句时，分别表示“每次……，每次……，下次……，第一次……，任何时候……”。

第 3页

共 6页 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

Mary made coffee ________her guests were finishing their meal.A．so that

B．although C．while

D．as if 此处的while表示“当„„的时候”，表示两个动作同时发生；“玛丽煮咖啡”和“她的客人吃完饭”这两个动作是同时进行的，因此要用while。

C

二、让步状语从句

1．让步状语从句表示尽管有某种不利于主句动作发生的条件存在，主句中的情况依然会出现。引导让步状语从句的连词比较多，常见的有：although，though，while；even if＝even though；no matter＋疑问词＝疑问词＋ever；whether…or...。

although与though两者意思相近，用法也相近，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。2．as引导让步状语从句要倒装

as引导让步状语从句时，状语、表语及谓语动词的一部分应置于as之前。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。

Tim is in good shape physically ________he doesn't get much exercise.A．as

B．even though C．unless

D．as long as 句意：尽管Tim锻炼得不多，但他的身材保持得很好。此处的even though表示让步，意为“即使”。

B(2011年高考辽宁卷)No matter how________，it is not necessarily lifeless.A．a desert may be dry

B．dry a desert may be C．may a desert be dry

D．dry may a desert be 句意：一个沙漠无论多么干旱，也不一定就没有生命。how 与形容词和可数名词单数连用的顺序为：how＋形容词＋a(n)＋可数名词单数，与其用法一样的还有so，too等。如：so difficult a question 如此难的一个问题；It's too long a journey to make in one day.旅程太远，一天之内到不了。故选B。

B

三、条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless(＝if...not)(除非)，so(as)long as(只要)，in case(以防万一)，on condition that(条件是)，supposing(that)(假设)，provided/providing(that)(假如)等。

(2011年高考江苏卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.A．Otherwise

B．If not C．But for that

D．If so 句意：听起来好像汽车的发动机出了故障。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它开到维修厂(修理一下)。otherwise否则，要不然； if not如果不是这样的话；but for that 要不是那样。以上三项均不符合句意和语境。if so“如果这样的话”，符合句意和语境。if so 相当于 if something is wrong with the car's engine。

D(2011年高考湖南卷)Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him________he had done something very clever.第 4页

共 6页 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

A．as if

B．in case C．while

D．though 句意：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝着他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一样。

as if 好像；in case以防万一；while当„„时候，而，却；though尽管。由句意可知应选A项。

A

四、地点、原因状语从句 1．地点状语从句

地点状语从句是表示主句谓语动词的动作发生的地点的状语从句，引导词有where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。2．原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since，now(that)，for，seeing(that)，considering that等，每个连词的含义不尽相同。

Today，we will begin________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A．when

B．where C．how

D．what 句意：今天我们从昨天我们停止的地方开始，以便我们不遗漏任何一点。where引导地点状语从句。

B

五、目的、结果状语从句

1．引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防万一”，符合题意。ever since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”；even if引导让步状语从句，意思是“即使”。

D

五、目的、结果状语从句

1．引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防万一”，符合题意。ever since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”；even if引导让步状语从句，意思是“即使”。

D She had a tense expression on her face，________she was expecting trouble.A．even though

B．as though C．so that

D．now that 题意：她表情紧张，好像预料到麻烦要来。as if/though引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”。而even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”。

B 高考秘笈

状语从句的易错点

________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A．However a serious problem

第 5页

共 6页 嘉兴英语教学网 www.xiexiebang.com 收集整理 欢迎使用

B．What a serious problem C．However serious a problem D．What serious a problem

C 该句意“无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”，由此可知，应由however引导让步状语从句，语序为“however＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词”。如果对however的词性不明确，会导致误选A项。

考查状语从句的题目，应着重考虑以下几点。

1．要根据前后句的逻辑关系判断是哪一种状语从句。2．注意when/while/as引导时间状语从句时的异同。3．注意区别until和till的不同用法。

4．一些名词短语和副词以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。5．注意because/as/since/now that等引导原因状语从句时异同。

6．although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。7．no matter who/what/where/how等可引导让步状语从句，相当于whoever/whatever/wherever/however等。但whoever/whatever/ whichever还可引导名词性从句。

第 6页

共 6页