第一篇:九年级英语中考宾语从句考点透视知识点分析(大全)
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九年级英语中考宾语从句考点透视
考点一]考查宾语从句的连接词
1.当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导。that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
He said________ he could finish his work before supper.(1998年武汉市)
A.if B.what C.that D.whether
2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
—Do you know _______ I could pass the exam?
—Sorry,I’ve no idea.(2003年山西省)
A.that B.whether C.what D.which
3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。
These pictures will show you__________.(2003年盐城市)
A.what does our hometown look like
B.what our hometown looks like
C.how does our hometown look like
D.how our hometown looks like
[考点二]考查宾语从句的语序
在含宾语从句的复合句中,不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句一律是用“连接词+陈述句语序”,其标点符号由主句来决定。
He asked his teacher________.(2003年南通市)
A.if there was a monster in Loch Ness
B.when was Albert Einstein born
C.how would the scientists find out the result
D.where could he find the library
[考点三]考查主句与从句时态的呼应
1.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何一种时态。
Jim doesn’t understand________.(2003年辽宁省)
A.which is the way to the museum B.why his wife always goes shopping
C.what is the way to the museum D.why does she always go shopping
2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要选用过去时态的某一种形式。
—When are the Shutes leaving for New York?
—Pardon?
—I asked________.(2003年呼和浩特市)
A.when are the Shutes leaving for New York
B.when the Shutes are leaving for New York
C.when were the Shutes leaving for New York
D.when the Shutes were leaving for New York
3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句是什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us yesterday that December 25________ Christmas Day.(2002年辽宁省)更多精品尽在大家网
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A.is B.was C.has been D.will be
4.情态动词could,would用于“请求”,表示“委婉、客气”的语气时,从句不用过去时的相应时态。
—Could you tell us how long_____?
—About three days.(2003年陕西省)
A.does the sports meeting last B.the sports meeting last
C.will the sports meeting last D.the sports meeting will last
[考点四]考查if/whether引导的是宾语从句还是状语从句
if/whether引导宾语从句时,意思分别为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果,假如”和“当„„时候”,主句时态是一般将来时,从句时态用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Do you know if ______ back next week?If he_______ back,please let me know.(2002年黑龙江省)
A.he comes,will come B.will he come,comes
C.he will come,comes D.will he come,will come
[考点五]考查宾语从句的简化
宾语从句在一定条件下,可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it+形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式(名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词)短语、名词和过去分词等。
The old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.(改为同义句)(2003年广州市)
The old lady found out__________fruit cheaply.(where to buy/get)
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第二篇:2014中考英语语法知识点总结:宾语从句
2014中考英语语法知识点总结:宾语从句一个句子如果加上宾语从句,句子显然变复杂了,也变的difficult了,其实,你大可不必发愁。只要掌握好宾语从句的用法,一切问题就迎刃而解了。
宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同,可把宾语从句分为三类。
以that引导的宾语从句。
如:I hear that you have passed the examination.Good luck!
以if 和whether引导的宾语从句。
如:I don't know if you can come tomorrow.以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
如:Please tell me how you can get here.运用宾语从句要注意以下几点:
宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。
主句的谓语动词的时态如果是过去时态,宾语从句谓语动词的时态要选用相应的过去某一种形式。
如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理,事实时,即使主句是过去式,从句仍用一般现在时。
第三篇:【中考英语】初中英语知识点总结:宾语从句 定语从句和状语从句
【中考英语】初中英语知识点总结:宾语从句 定语从句和
状语从句
一、宾语从句知识点总结
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。
一、引导词
1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句:I don't know if there will be a bus any more.3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn't tell me when we should meet again.二、判断时态情况:
1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。
注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。
例句:He answered that he was listening to me.Father told me that practice makes perfect.三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
错误:He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正确:He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意:宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例如:I don't think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won't come to my party.常见考法
对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。
典型例题:Please tell me ______ last year.A.where does your sister work
B where did your sister work
C.where your sister works
D where your sister worked
解析:本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示过去时,所以排除 C.答案:D
误区提醒
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,但要注意当疑问词为主语时,句式为:疑问词+谓语+其他,问句和陈述句语序一样。
典型例题:I didn't know ?
A.What wrong was with her
B.what was wrong with her
C.what wrong is with her
D.what is wrong with her
解析:主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主语,所以问句本身又是陈述句语序,不用变化。
答案: B
二、定语从句知识点总结
要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的 词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why, how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that, Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4)he man whose son is a doctor is our professor.那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which,that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
注意:代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;
c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;
f)当先行词为物并作表语时;
g)先行词为one时;
h)先行词同时又被the only, the very ,the same修饰时;
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I was born.3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语,用在reason 后面。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.常见考法
对于定语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查,重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。
典型例题:You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who B.whom C.whom D.who
解析:先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略。第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略。
答案:D
误区提醒
当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时,要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词,反之用关系代词。
典型例题:I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when, which B.which, when
C.what, that
D.on which, when
解析:两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。
答案:A
三、状语从句知识点总结
(一)时间状语从句
在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as, after, before, since, until等词引导。
一、时间状语从句种类
1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例 如:While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.(was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
3、As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示”一边……一边“)As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句,表示两个动作一前一后发生。
例如:It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的 是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可 以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:
I didn't go to bed until(till)my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”。
I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示“一……就”。例如:
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
二、时态问题
在状语从句中,有“主将从现”的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我到北京就将给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)
常见考法
对于时间状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词,或从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力。
典型例题:I'm sure he will jump up when he
the good news.A.know
B will know
C.knows
D knowing
解析:本题考查学生时间状语从句的时态问题。时间状语从句中,主句若是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来时。从句的主语是单三人称,所以排除 A.答案: C
误区提醒
When既可以引导时间状语从句,也可以引导宾语从句,辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。
典型例题:I don't know when he
next week.when he , please let me know.A.comes, comes
B.will come, will come
C.will come, comes
D.comes, will come
解析:第一句话“我不知道他下周什么时候来”,when引导宾语从句,表示将来时,就用一般将来时will come;第二句话“当他来的时候,请让我知道”,when引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时,所以用 comes.答案: C
(二)结果状语从句知识点总结
结果状语从句是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,结果状语从句常由so… that或 such…that引导。要掌握这两个句型,我们首先来了解一下so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
1、such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,such(+a/an)(+形容词)+名词+that;例如:
such a good book, such nice girls
2、so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词,“so+形容词/副词+that”。例如:
so nice, so slowly
一般情况下,such+a+形容词+名=so+形容词+aan+名 例如:
so nice a flower = such a nice flower
表达“如此多/少”时,常用so,so与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。例如:so many people
so… that和 such…that都可译成“如此的···以至于···”,二者可以互换,(当so修饰副词的时候,二者往往不互换)
例句:
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.常见考法
对于结果状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it.A.so
B.and
C.that D.as
解析:题干的意思是“他的计划如此好以至于我们都同意接受它”,that与前面的such呼应,引导结果状语从句。
答案:A
误区提醒
结果状语从句中。除了要注意so… that和 such…that的区别外,还要注意它们和too……to do(太···而不能····)和enough +形容词/副词+to do(足够的···可以···)的转换。
典型例题:Ann is too young to go to school.(同义句转换)
Ann is
go to school.解析:原句的意思是“安太小了而不能去上学”。那也就是说“安是如此的小,以至于她不能去上学”,根据所给出的空数,可以用so… that句型。
答案:so young that she can't
(三)原因状语从句知识点总结
是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句,在初中阶段引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since, for等。例如:
1.I didn't go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
2.Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧。
3.As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜。
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她。
原因状语从句应注意的问题
1、because, since, as, for,辨析
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since.I didn't go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for.例:
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.3)as和for的区别:通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。例:As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同义句)I stay at home, for the weather is cold.2、because习惯上不与so连用
汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”,但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用:
正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home./ It was raining, so we stayed at home.误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。
3、because 从句与 because of短语的转换
Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后加的原因可以为好或坏,但最正规的还是because.He can't come because he is ill./ He can't come because of his illness.他因病不能来。
I said nothing about it because his wife was there./ I said nothing about it because of his wife's being there.因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。
常见考法
对于原因状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A.and
B.for
C.but
D.or
解析:“his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因,因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。
答案: B
误区提醒
除了because、since、as、for这四个词的辨析外,对于because 从句与 because of短语的区分也是难点之一。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后跟的是短语,because后跟的是句子。
典型例题:He didn't go to work
the heavy rain.A.because
B.because of
C.so
D.since
解析:题干的意思是“由于那场大雨,他没有去上班”,the heavy rain.表示原因,排除C;since和because 表示原因,后面跟的是从句,也就是说必须是一个完整的句子,本题中the heavy rain没有主语和谓语。只是一个短语,所以排除A和C;because of表示“由于···”,后跟名词、代词或短语。
答案:B
(四)条件状语从句知识点总结
引导条件状语从句的连接词主要有:if(如果)、unless(除非)或 as long as(只要)等。unless在意思上等于if……not.一、条件状语从句用法
1、引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。
2、unless = if……not.除非,若不,除非在……的时候
例如:Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.=If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。
3、so/as long as只要
例句;You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.只要你保持书的清 洁,你就可以把我的书借去。
So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do.只要你高兴,你做什么都没有关系。
二、时态问题
在条件状语从句中,要注意“主将从现”的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句: I will come to see you if I have time.我有时间,我就来看你。
常见考法
对于条件状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力,或从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:If he ___in half an hour, we ___wait for him.A.won't come, won't
B.won't come, don't
C.doesn't come, won't
D.will come, don't
解析:本题考查条件状语从句“主将从现”的运用。题干的意思是“如果他一小时后不来,我们将不会等他了”,从“in half an hour”,“一小时后”可知本句说的是未来的事,那么if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来时,主句要用一般将来时。
答案:C
误区提醒
if 既可以引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,也可以引导宾语从句,表达“是否”。辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。另外,if 和unless的用法也需注意。
典型例题: ——I wonder if your wife
to the party.----If your wife _________, so will mine。.A.will go, go
B.will go, goes
C.goes, will go
D.will go, will go
解析:第一句中if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句,用将来时will go;第二句“如果你的妻子去,我的妻子也去”,if引导条件状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时。your wife,单三人称主语,所以用goes.答案:B
(五)目的状语从句知识点总结
顾名思义,用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。表示目的状语的从句可以由 that(以便), so that(以便), in order that(为了;以便), Lest(免得;唯恐), for fear that(生怕;以免)等词引导;目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest)he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点:
(1)目的状语从句中常含有can, could, may, might, should等情态动词。例如:
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.我起得很早,目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。
(2)在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。例如:
We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better.我们坐的靠前一点,因此,我们听得清楚一点。
1、in order that与in order to的区别:
in order that+从句
in order to+动词原形(in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句,叫目的状语)例如:
He got up early in order to take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.(他起床很早是为了赶上第一班 公共汽车)
目的状语从句的一个特点:由于目的都是未来的行为,所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态,比如上面句中的could.当然还可以用will,would,can,等.2、so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可以引导结果状语从句。
1)其引导结果状语从句时,so that翻译为“以至于……”,经常可以和so/such……that……转换,且从句只能放在主句之后。如:He got up late so that he was late for school.= He got up so late that he was late for school.2)其引导目的状语从句时,从句只能放在主句之后,此时可以和in order that换用。如:He got up early so that he could take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.常见考法
对于目的状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she needed.A.such that B.in order that C.because
D.even though
解析:题干的意思是“为了能够发现自己需要的东西,安认真听讲”。很明显从句表示的是目的。such that本身是错误短语,because 表示原因,even though是“尽管”的意思,不符合题意。
答案:B
误区提醒
如何区别目的状语从句中的so that与结果状语从句中的so that的用法,这是我们需要注意的。目的状语从句的so that是连着的,结果状语从句是分开的,即so…that.so that是目的状语从句,是为了什么什么,有目的的含义。而so…that是结果状语从句,是“如此怎么怎么样结果是什么”。仔细体会一下吧!
典型例题:I get up so early
I can not be late
A.that B.so that C.such that
D.in order
解析:题干的意思是“我起床如此早以便于我可以不迟到”。从句表示目的,首先排除C,因为such that本身是错误短语,在排除in order,因为它后面不能跟句子;因为句子中有so,所以大家可能选A,如果选它,那句子的意思是“我起床如此早结果我可以不迟到”,显然说不通,所以 排除。
答案: B
(六)方式状语从句知识点总结
1、方式状语从句通常由as,(just)as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1)as,(just)as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just)as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是“正如…”,“就像”,多用于正式文体,例如:
Please do as what I told you.请按照我告诉你的做。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2)as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”,“好像……似的”,例如:
He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lightning.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:
He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。
2、其他的引导词
1)the way: Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样,读这个单词。
2)口语常用的like: He sit there smiling like it was his birthday.他面带微笑坐在那儿,像是过生日似的。(这里用了虚拟语气,值得注意的是be动词用的was,而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were.)
地点状语从句表示地点、方位,这类从句通常由where,wherever引导。例如:
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成。
They will go where they are happy.他们想到他们觉得快乐的地方去。
(七)地点状语从句知识点总结
1、地点状语从句类型
1)Where+地点从句。此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”或“····的地方”。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
They were good persons.Where they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方.We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
2)Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。
anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如:
Wherever the sea is, you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
二者区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句。where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词。如:
Go back where you came from.(where引导地点状语从句)你从何处来到何处去。Go back to the village where you came from.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)回到你来的那个村子里去。
3、地点状语从句的省略,如:Fill in the blanks with articles necessary.(necessary前省略了where it is)在需要的地方填上冠词。
常见考法
对于方式和地点状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:She looks
she is ill.A as if
B though
C because
D since
解析:as if 表示“好像”,though 表示“尽管”,because表示“因为”,since 表示“既然”,从题干的意思“看上去她好象是生病了,确定答案为A.答案:A
误区提醒
单纯考查地点状语从句在初中阶段考试中出现的并不多,这种从句多是在完形填空和阅读短文中出现,以考查学生的理解能力。它和定语从句的区别是容易出错的地方。
典型例题:
1、You should let your children play _________ you can see them.A.where
B.when
C.in which
D.that
解析:题干的意思是“你应该让你的孩子在你能看见的地方玩”,句中没有表示地点的名词作先行词,所以不是定语从句。where 意为“在……的地方”,引导地点状语从句。
答案:A
2、Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.A.where
B.when
C.in which
D.that
解析:题干的意思是“现在他在他父亲过去工作的那家工厂工作”,句中有表示地点的名词作先行词factory,所以where引导定语从句,表示地点。
答案:A
(八)让步状语从句知识点总结
所谓让步,就是我们日常生活中“退一步说……”的意思,有一种转折关系在里面。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although, while, as, even if, even though, whether……or……, no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever,一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,“无论……”。用法如下:
1、though,although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比 though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。例如:
Although/Though he is very old,(yet)he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
2、as, though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。例如:
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress.(=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。
3、even if,even though 表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意,含有一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事。例如:
We'll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。
4、whether……or……表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼.5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind.(=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。
但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如:Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I won't believe you.(Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
I'll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me.(whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。
(九)比较状语从句知识点总结
比较状语从句一般是指含有比较级的句子中由as或than引起的从句。从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,例如:
He moves more slowly than his sister does.他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
He works as hard as his brother(does).他学习和他哥哥一样努力。
常见考法
对于让步和比较状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:it is very late now, the workers are still working in the factory.A
Although
B As
C When
D If
解析:本题考查让步状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意“尽管现在很晚了,工人们仍然在工厂工作”,前后有转折关系,是让步状语从句。
误区提醒
用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气。例如:
不能说:Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.而要说:Though he looks weak, he is healthy.或者说:He looks weak, but he is healthy.典型例题:Though it rained heavily yesterday, he got to school on time.A
but
B /
C and
解析:题干的意思是“尽管昨天下大雨了,他还是按时到达了学校”,前后是转折关系,有同学可能会选A,但hough/although和but不能同时使用,所以选B.答案:B
第四篇:九年级英语宾语从句专题复习教案
九年级英语宾语从句专题复习教案
作者:admin 资源来源:本站原创 点击数:
【复习内容】宾语从句考点归纳
【复习目标】
1.掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词
2.掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+连接词+主语+谓语
3.掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。
【重点】语序和时态呼应
【难点】语序和时态呼应
【学生练习】
试一试,你能将下列句子改为宾语从句吗?
1。She is a careful girl.The teacher said a careful girl.2。Will they win?
I wonder.3。Does the plane stop on the way?
Could you tell me the plane on the way or not?
4。What does he want?
Mother asked me.5。He has bought the dictionary.He said that he the dictionary.6。What is his name?
The teacher asked me.7。What is wrong with your computer?
Mr.Wang knew with your computer.8。I asked, “Are you doing your homework, Meimei?”
I asked Meimei doing homework.9。The baby asked Mother, “Why does the sun rise from the east?”
The baby asked Mother why from the east.10。“Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?” the driver said to the policeman.The driver asked the policeman get to the post office.Key:
1.she, was 2.if, they, will, win 3.whether, stops 4.what, he, wanted 5.had, bought 6.what, his, name, was 7.what, was, wrong 8.if she, was, her 9.why, the, sun, rises 10.how, he(she),could
【教师指导】
一,所谓宾语从句就是句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当,当一个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的三要点:
1、引导词
2、从句语序
3、从句的时态
二、宾语从句的连接词或引导词
1.连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。eg.I am afraid(that)you are right.2.连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
eg.Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.②在介词前:It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain.③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.3.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。eg.1.He asked ______________________________.(谁能回答这个问题)
2.Do you know__________________________.(他们在等谁)
3.He asked ____________________________________________.(谁的书法是班上最好的)
4.Please tell me ____________________________.(我们什么时候开会)
5.Can you tell me ______________.(他在哪儿)
6.Could you tell me ____________________________.(我该怎么去站)
7.Would you tell me ____________________.(为什么火车迟到了)
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Can you tell me who(m)do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m)we have to see?(√)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg.She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.四、宾语从句的时态呼应
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
eg.I thought(that)you are free today.(╳)
I thought(that)you would be free today.(√)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
eg.The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.五。其他需要说明的问题
1.标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。
eg.I heard she had been to the Great Wall.Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、宾语从句的特殊情形
在“Do you think /believe/suppose----?等”结构中,宾语从句如果是由疑问词引导的,则要用“疑问词+ do you think/believe/suppose +正常语序?”
如:What has happened to him? Do you think? What do you think has happened to him?
3.宾语从句的否定形式
在think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句,如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义,一般要将否定词not移到主句的谓语动词上面去,即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的(意义)谓语动词。此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定,反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如:
1、I don't think he will come.2、I don't think he will come, will he?
3、I think he will come, won't he?
4.句式的转变
1、当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, agree等,其后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化成动词不定式结构。
如:Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon.Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.2、当know, learn, remember, forget等动词其后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如:I don't know what I should say.I don't know what to say.3、当tell,learn,show,teach等动词其后接宾语从句,并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时,可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如:Could you tell me how I can get there?(句子中的 me 和I指的是同一个人)可以改写为:Could you tell me how to get there?
【课堂同步检测】
做一做,你是不是有很大提高呢?
1.-Could you please tell me ___ to do in your spare time?
A.what do you like
B.what you like
C.how would you like.-Could you tell me ___ ?
-He lives in London Street.A.Where Tony lives B.Where does Tony live C.Where did Tony live
3.-I wonder _____for this school trip next Sunday.Can you tell me?
A.where shall we go B.where we shall go C.when we shall go
4.-What did Maria ask just now?
-She wondered ___.A.where Tony lived B.where Tony lives C.where doesTony live
5.-Mr.White ,what did my mom talk with you just now?
-Oh,she wondered ___.A.if you study hard at school
B.how you study at school
C.What did you study at school
6.-Pardon?
-I wonder___this morning.A.how do you come here B.how did you come here
C.how you came here
7.Could you tell me _____? A.when does the train arrive
B.when the train arrives
C.when arrives the train
8.-We never know _____ the old man is.-They say he is a teacher.A.what B.who C.which
9.Could you tell me ___? A.when will Tom come back B.when does Tom come back
C.when Tom will come back
10.Do you know __ during the coming summer holiday?
A.what will Tom do B.what did Tom do
C.what Tom will do
【课外巩固】
练一练,你已经很棒了,再来最后一搏吧。
1.In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ___ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.that B.how C.what D.if
2.-I don't know ___ Mr.Green will come to see us.-He will help us with our English.A.why B.when C.how D.where
3.-We never know __ the old man is.-They say he is a teacher.A.what B.who C.which D.where
4.I was told ___ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that how B.how that
C.when that D.that when
5.-Do you know ___? I'm going to see him.-Sorry, I don't know.A.where does Mr.Li live
B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives
D.where Mr.Li lived
6.-Where do you think __ he __ the computer?
-Sorry, I have no idea.A./; bought B.has;bought
C.did;buy D.does;buy
7.-Where is Jack?
-He is away to spend his holiday.He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____.A.that B.which
C.where D.there
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.These flowers are from Guangdong.He said.He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.2.Light travels faster than sound.My teacher told me.My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.3.There will be a meeting in five days.Jack didn't know.Jack didn't know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.【复习小结】
1、变宾语从句的四个要素:引导词、语序、时态和标点符号
2、牢记宾语从句中的陈述句语序。
3、注意主句与从句时态的一致性(即:当主句是过去式时,从句要用过去范畴的某种时态,客观真理或自然现象除外)
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第五篇:初中英语宾语从句知识点总结
初中英语宾语从句知识点总结
(一)考察的三个要点:语序,时态,关联词。
1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句。
3宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。(who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序)
4宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,连接宾语从句的连词有that(that在口语中常省略)。whether,if,和连接代词what,which,who,whom及连接副词when,where,how,why。
He knew(that)he should study hard.他知道他应该努力学习。
Can you tell me which class you are in?
您能告诉我,您在哪一班吗?
He asked me if he could come in,他问我他是否能进来。
5.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:
(1)从属连词that.如:一般那情况下可以省略。
He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
(2)从属连词if/whether.如:
I doubt whether he will succeed.I don’t know if you can help me.(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词 where,when,how,why.Who or what he was,Martin never learned.I wonder what he’s writing to me about.I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.注意
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.2.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。
I am not sure what I ought to do.I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.3.连词whether(…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:
I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:
Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。
4.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:
I don’t think you are right.I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?
5.宾语从句的时态变化规律:
主句从句
一般现在时可根据需要用任何时态。
一般过去时过去的某种时态,例如:一般过去,过去进行,过去完成,过去将来等
注意:说到自然现象和普遍真理时,用一般现在时
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.3宾语从句应注意的问题
1.时态的一致(主句的时态与从句的时态一致)a.宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I know he lives here.我知道他住在这儿。
I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在这儿。
I have heard that he will come.我已经听说他要来了。
b.宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
I know who lives here.我知道谁住在这儿。
I know who lived here 我知道谁住过这儿。
Everyone he asks us if everyone is here.He asked us if everyone was here.他问我们是否所有的人都出席了。
He has said that he has seen it.他说过他已经看了。
He said that he had seen it.他说他已经看了。
2.语序的变化
a.陈述句变为宾语从句时,语序不变。
陈述句:He is an honest man.他是一个诚实的人。
宾语从句:I said he was an honest man.(连词that可省)
我说他是一个诚实的人。
陈述句:We'll Win.我们会赢。
宾语从句:We believe we'll win.我们相信我们会赢。
b.一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序,用whether,if连接。
一般疑问句:Does he study hard?
他学习认真吗?
宾语从句:I wonder if(whether)he studies hard.我不知道他是否认真学习。
一般疑问句:Will they win?他们会赢吗?
宾语从句:I asked if(whether)they would win.我问他们是否会赢。
c.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序,用连接代词或副词(即保留原来的疑问词)。
特殊疑问句:Who is he?
他是谁?
宾语从句:Do you know who he is?
你知道他是谁吗?
特殊疑问句:What does he want?
他要什么?
宾语从句:I don't know what he wants.我不知道他要什么。
注意
Who went there?
(特殊疑问句)
谁去那里呢?
I wonder who
went there.(宾语从句)
我不知道谁去那里。
因为是对主语提问,所以特殊疑问句语序不变。变为宾语从句时,语序依然不变。
特殊疑问句:When did he leave?
他何时离开的?
宾语从句:I know when he left.我知道他是什么时候离开的。
特殊疑问句:Where will he arrive?
他将会到哪里呢?
宾语从句:He asked me where he would arrive.他问我他将会到哪里。
初中英语宾语从句知识点总结
(二)知识点总结
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。
一、.引导词
1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。例句:He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.二、判断时态情况:
1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。
注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。
例句:He answered that he was listening to me.Father told me that practice makes perfect.三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
错误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正确: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意:宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.例如;I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.常见考法
对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。
典型例题:Please tell me ______ last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C.where your sister works D where your sister worked
解析:本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示过去时,所以排除 C。
答案:D
误区提醒
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,但要注意当疑问词为主语时,句式为:疑问词+谓语+其他,问句和陈述句语序一样。
典型例题:I didn't know ?
A.What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her
C.what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her
解析:主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主语,所以问句本身又是陈述句语序,不用变化。
答案: B
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七年级下册英语复习资料:Unit 7 The birthday party 冀教版初一英语上册Lesson 3 Welcome to our school知识点 初一英语期中复习考点之What can you do ? 七年级下册英语重点内容:The birthday party 时间状语从句知识点总结,初一英语时间状语知识点 初一英语一般疑问句
方式和地点状语从句知识点总结,初一英语知识点
初一英语下册期中复习资料之She is reading in the library.一般疑问句知识点总结,初一英语一般疑问句知识点 人教版七年级英语下学期期末考试知识点归纳
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