第一篇：英美文学学习体会
英美文学学习体会
一、大学英语教学现状
新世纪外语人才培养的目标在于：(1)听、说、读、写、翻译语言基本功训练有素，特别是口头表达和写作能力应比较强。(2)中文基础好，能讲能写。(3)语言和文化知识比较系统，综合素质好。(4)有较好的哲学、逻辑学、伦理学、心理学、美学、语言学和文学的基本理论素养。[3]由此可见，外语教学中应当注重文学教育。但长期以来，国内大学英语课堂教学模式基本还是“以教师为中心”，注重“填鸭式”教育，学生只是被动地参与。对于应试教育带来的影响，大学英语教学往往偏重语言知识的传授，不够重视大学生文学素质的培养。以往，大学英语在教学上更多注重的是词汇、语法等语言技能的训练，而对于学生英语语言能力的考量也只是着眼于四、六级考试的成绩。这种教学方式不但忽略了作为文字载体的文学语言所能传导的人文讯息，而且更加肥沃了应试教育，相应地，创造了许多“高分低能”的大学生，这不利于大学生语言综合素质的提高，而文化素质的一个重要组成部分就是文学素养。如果大学英语教学文学而只重语言，单纯性的语言传授在大学英语教学中就变成了单调乏味的训练符号。也就是说，语言这个工具，应是在接受并理解内容的前提下相对牢固掌握的。
二、英美文学课程在大学英语教学中的重要性
让学生能够良好地掌握并灵活地运用英语，是大学英语教学的重要目标。而对于一门外语的学习过程，就是对于一种新的文化深入了解的过程。所谓灵活，除了书面表达能力以外，还有口头表达能力，这包含口头交际能力，而交际能力的提高除了需要对所学语言知识有着良好的掌握外，还需要对使用目标语言的国家文化背景有所了解。
目前，各高校中，大学英语的授课对象都是非英语专业的学生，而这些学生存在诸多特点，如：人数众多、专业多样，学科各异。自从我国加入了WTO，国家各个方面的对外交往与日俱增。这就迫切地需要：大学英语教学培养出大量的各行各业的国际化人才，而这些众多的非英语专业的学生在今后跨文化交际中所产生的作用不可小觑。虽然世界在不断地变小，但要融入其中，一个关键的问题就是首先要有能力与使用目的语的人进行交往，必须了解其文化背景和语言习惯，只有这样，才不会因为语言的问题而影响深入的沟通。
每个民族的文化都是璀璨而又独一无二的，正因为它是独特的，所以，从词汇的含义、价值观及文化习俗方面都存在着差异。如果在英语教学的过程中，只注重语言上传递的表层含义，而忽略了其文化背景方面的引申义，就会引起误会和矛盾。如：Mend the fence when the weather’s better.依照中国文化背景，我们会自然地认为句意是天气好时修理篱笆。实际上，从目的语的文化背景来理解句意却是：未雨绸缪。这是由于词汇而引起的误会，勉强可以被谅解。但是，如果违反了用语习惯，如：询问对方的隐私，像年龄，就很可能招致对方的反感，甚至破坏已初步建立起的良好关系。如：在中国文化的背景下，朋友相遇，大多会问：上哪啊，啥事啊?而遇到外国朋友这样问，会招致对方的反感，认为是在询问对方的隐私。所以，在大学英语教学中，传授学生目的语的文化背景知识是必要的。以往的英语教学大多注重句型的背诵，而它的直接产物就是死记硬背的“语感”。语言学家L・R怕墨尔指出：“语言忠实地反映了它的各种游戏和娱乐，各种信仰和偏见。”要培养学生运用外语的能力，首先要使他们掌握目的语文化的基本知识，注意中西文化差异。因此，在大学英语教学中，脱离目的语的文化背景，只会让学生偏离到Chinglish(中式英语)的轨道，对培养学生的语言交际能力是事倍功半。
三、英美文学课程在大学英语教学中的教学模式
许多高校的文学课主要的教学模式由两部分构成：文学史外加选读，选读是作为文学史的补充内容。首先由教师把文学史知识“填”给学生，学生只是被动地“吞”，并加以死记硬背。即老师的文学史知识便是学生的，学生自己分析问题的能力在某种程度上被抹杀了。而文学选读只是作为文学史的补充，所以在课堂上，大多体现出来的都是文学片段的赏析，由于时间等关系，根本谈不到文学作品的完整性。加之，有些授课老师把重点又移到文学片段的句子、单词的分析上，导致学生大都认为英美文学课乏味透顶，所以对于英美文学课应适度加以改革：
1.适度缩短文学史所占课堂的比重，读完整的文学作品，可以将文学作品与由其改编的电影作品相结合，从多角度激发学生们对文学作品的兴趣。
2.可以尝试使用不同的方式来欣赏作品，如：利用网络资源，提高学生自主学习的能力。
3.写阅读鉴赏的读书笔记，加深学生的分析与总结能力。
4.转变学生被动的角色为主动的角色。如：让学生走上讲台，通过自主学习自己归纳分析，并表达出来，加强学生的表达能力。
对于文学课程可以采取灵活的评估方法，可以设置课堂讨论、展示、学期论文等多种方式。这种较为开放式的评估方法可以使学生更加积极主动地参与到学习当中。
四、结语
新世纪的发展需要各行各业的高素质的国际化人才。英美文学课的开设有助于培养高素质国际化人才。学文学不仅是学语言的最佳途径，更是素质教育和人文精神培养的有效渠道[4]。可见，英美文学课程在大学英语教学中的重要意义，因此，我们应倡导在大学英语教学中融入英美文学教学
第二篇：英美文学
Analysis of Robinson Crusoe
2009级师范三班刘静 Robinson Crusoe is written by Defoe(1660 ~ 1731), known as the father of English novel and the periodical literature.He is the father of the English novel and periodical literature, who was born in a family which was against the Anglican Protestant.His father is a businessman, doing business.His article influenced the later development of journal articles and newspaper.Because the speech, he was repeatedly arrested.At the age of 59 Defoe began writing fiction as a novelist, show remarkable ability.Robinson Crusoe Robinson is Defoe's first novel, is also one of the most famous novels.It is based on a British seaman on a deserted island alone for 4 years in exile records and creation.Robinson is the heroine of Defoe works in accordance with their ideals and created the character, he killed out of doing business, living on a desert island for 28 years, overcome all sorts of unimaginable difficulties.He start empty-handed, develop the island, not only to their own survival, and create a new world.He was a pioneer in the image, a real asset class hero.In this figure embodies the western ocean civilization tradition, with the outward development of curiosity, desire to conquer and spirit of adventure, praised the strength quality and working spirit.The novel opens English realistic novel road.In this novel, there are so many about the Wonderful part, but two points impress: one is the author of the narrative language easy to understand.In front of the book, the author use a lot of space to introduce Robinson in the sea to sea before, whether does not listen to parents' guide, but follow the guidance of the soul, the careful psychological description, the author description most incisive.Two is a fascinating story, the protagonist of nearly thirty years of life vividly in front of us, let our eyes as if emerging from a young life.Robinson Crusoe is to let a person look after all that the most primitive, most of my books, not only because it is the wonderful, and it gives us the modern enlightenment.The most qualities I learn from Robinson Crusoe is not his hard-working and brave, but his amazing mental capacity.One can imagine, a single large living alone on a desert island life ten years, no one to accompany him, even the most basic, and a person simply talk for a while to do.The deserted island there is no house, no rice, can only rely on his own hard to create a piece of heaven and earth.The first nonwhite character to be given a realistic, individualized, and humane portrayal in the English novel, Friday has a huge literary and cultural importance.Recent rewritings of the Crusoe story, like J.M.Coetzee’s Foe and Michel Tournier’s Friday, emphasize the sad consequences of Crusoe’s
failure to understand Friday and suggest how the tale might be told very differently from the native’s perspective.Besides his importance to our culture, Friday is a key figure within the context of the novel.Friday’s sincere questions to Crusoe about the devil, which Crusoe answers only
indirectly and hesitantly, leave us wondering whether Crusoe’s knowledge of Christianity is superficial and sketchy in contrast to Friday’s full
understanding of his own god Benamuckee.In short, Friday’s exuberance and emotional directness often point out the wooden conventionality of Crusoe’s personality.Despite Friday’s subjugation, however, Crusoe appreciates Friday much more than he would a mere servant.Crusoe does not seem to value intimacy with humans much, but he does say that he loves Friday, which is a
remarkable disclosure.Crusoe may bring Friday Christianity and clothing, but Friday brings Crusoe emotional warmth and a vitality of spirit that Crusoe’s own European heart lacks.This novel shows that we need to believe ourselves, where there is a will, there is way.Use our hands, then see a new world.What is more, we are not only live ourselves in the world, we need to care about others.Be brave, and
never lose hope.
第三篇：英美文学
术语解释：
Couplets: a rhymed pair of Iambic pentameter lines.Blank verse: unrhymed Iambic pentameter lines.Sonnet: 14 Iambic pentameter lines which follows certain rhyme schemes.2.The conquest: In the year the Normans headed by which is mainly about 4.The Canterbury Tales, in Chaucer’s plan, was to exceed that of Boccaccio’s Decameron, but he failed and only 24 tales were written.5.William Shakespeare, one of the first founders of realism.6.In the first period of his work Shakespeare wrote:
1590The Second and Third part of King Henry VI
1591The First part of King Henry VI
1592The Life and Death of King Richard III;The Comedy of Errors
1593Titus Andronicus;The Taming of the Shrew
1594The Two Gentlemen of Verona;Love’s Labour’s Lost;Romeo and Juliet
1595The Life and Death of Richard II;A Midsummer Night’s Dream
***8Much Ado About Nothing;The Merry Wives of Windsor;The Life of King Henry V
1599The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;As You Like It
1600Twelfth Night, or, What You Will
In the second period:
1601 1602 Troilus and Cressida;All’s Well That Ends Well
160416051606Antony and Cleopatra
1607The Tragedy of Coriolanus;Timon of Athens
1608Pericles, Prince of Tyre
In the third period:
1609Cymbeline, King of Britain
1610The Winter’s Tale
1612The Tempest;The Life of King Henry VIII
7.Hamlet.To be, or not to be: that is the question: is soliloquy which used in a play on the stage and without a listener.To die, to sleep, no more.8.Francis Bacon is scientist, philosopher, essayist.John Donne, a metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人)
John Milton, his Paradise Lost, which tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven1
out of Eden.John Bunyan, The plain man’s pathway to heaven.成功刻画人物。
Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, the first English novel, 是一部现实主义小说，作品的主题是通过对主人公鲁滨孙的成功刻画，歌颂资本主义上升时期那种不畏艰难和困苦，充满野心和冒险精神，富有百折不挠，顽强毅力和斗志，依靠自己的双手改变一切、创造一切的自我奋斗和创业精神。Is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero Robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of self-made depending on oneself in the liftperiod of capitalism.John Swift, his Gulliver’s Travels, 抨击当时英国的议会政治和反动的宗教势力，通过描写格列佛四次遇险，写出了作者看透了当代的腐败，以讽刺的方法，抨击了当时腐败的社会。Attack the Britain
parliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe Gulliver’s four-time distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that time.Henry Fielding is the father of English novel.John Smith is the first American writer.Thomas Jefferson is the writer of The Declaration of Independence.The literature of romanticism period is from American War of Independence to before the Civil War.combining historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering on
surrealism.His depictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to express
Transcendentalism是美国浪漫主义最高潮时期的体验，认为世间万物都是平等的。
Henry David Thoreau is the beginner of transcendentalism.Herman Melville, American novelist, proser and poet.Moby Dick, in which shows the struggle between
mankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature properly.He wants to subvert transcendentalism.9.诗歌鉴赏
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?我能否将你比作夏天？
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美丽温婉。
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，And summer's lease hath all too short a date;夏日的勾留何其短暂。
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休恋那丽日当空，And often is his gold complexion dimm'd,转眼会云雾迷蒙。
And every fair from fair sometime declines,休叹那百花飘零，By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd:催折于无常的天命。
But thy eternal summer shall not fade唯有你永恒的夏日常新
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,你的美貌亦毫发无损。
Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,死神也无缘将你幽禁，When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.你在我永恒的诗中长存。
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。
全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。
二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美
Sonnet 29
When, in disgrace with fortune and man's eyes当我受尽命运和人们的白眼，I all alone beweep my outcast state暗暗地哀悼自己的身世飘零，And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries徒用呼吁去干扰聋瞶的昊天,And look upon my self and curse my fate顾盼着身影，诅咒自己的生辰，Wishing me like to one more rich in hope愿我和另一个一样富于希望，Featured like him,like him with friends possess'd面貌相似，又和他一样广交游，Desiring this man's art and that man's scope希求这人的渊博，那人的内行，With what I most enjoy contented least最赏心的乐事觉得最不对头；
Yet in these thought myself almost despising可是，当我正要这样看轻自己，Haply I think on thee,and then my state忽然想起了你，于是我的精神，Like to the lark at break of day arising便象云雀破晓从阴霾的大地
From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven's gate振翮上升，高唱着圣歌在天门：
For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings一想起你的爱使我那么富有，That then I scorn to change my state with kings和帝王换位我也不屑于屈就。
赏析：对社会、对自己的命运的不满和无奈。格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter）.韵式，即abab
cdcd efef gg。
To a Waterfowl《 致 水 鸟 》
-----by William Cullen Bryant威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特
Whither, 'midst falling dew,披着滴落的露珠，While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,天空灿烂，白日的行程就要结束；
Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际，Thy solitary way?你往何方把孤单的前程追逐？
总结：As the dew falls and the sun sets in the rosy depths of the heavens, I wonder where you(waterfowl)are
going?
Vainly the fowler's eye看你远远飞翔而无计可施，Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾；
As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,满天红霞把你映衬，Thy figure floats along.暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。
总结：the hunter can bring no harm to you ,you are free and safe.Without success, a hunter(fowler)might try to
bring you down as you float in silhouette against the crimson evening sky.Seek'st thou the plashy brink你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨，Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖？
Or where the rocking billows rise and sink或者潮水冲刷的海滩，On the chafed ocean side?那里的巨浪奔腾起伏？
• 总结：are you seeking for a place that is suitable for rest? Are you looking for the marshy edge of a lake,the bank of a river, or the shore of the ocean?
There is a Power whose care有上苍把你关照，Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,--在无路的海岸为你指路，The desert and illimitable air,--在荒漠和无边的空际，Lone wandering, but not lost.你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。
• 总结：There is a Power that leads you on your way across deserts and through unlimited expanses of air.You may be wandering and alone, but you are not lost.All day thy wings have fann'd你成天翕动翅膀，At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere:任空气稀薄暴风寒冷，飞在高处，Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地，Though the dark night is near.即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。
总结：you have been flying the whole day, but do not stop and have a rest though dark is coming.You have been flapping your wings all day high in the sky, yet you continue on even though night is near and land beckons beneath you.And soon that toil shall end,你很快就会结束这样的劳苦，Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest,你即将找到你夏天的住处；
And scream among thy fellows;reeds shall bend休息中呼唤自己的伙伴，Soon o'er thy sheltered nest.芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。
• 总结：you have a strong desire to be with your family;or, to achieve your goal.Soon your journey will
end.Soon you will descend to your summer home.There, you will scream among others of your kind and find secure shelter among the tall grasses.Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven你的身躯全被吞没，Hath swallowed up thy form;yet, on my heart天堂深渊里，你踪影全无；
Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底，And shall not soon depart.我将久久地久久地把它记住。
• 总结:I can no longer see you, but I will never forget the lesson you taught me.He, who, from zone to zone,谁，从一个地方到另一个地方，Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,指引你穿越无限的天空作必然的飞翔，In the long way that I must tread alone,也会在我必须独自跋涉的长途上，Will lead my steps aright.正确地引导我的脚步。
赏析：There are eight 4-line stanzas, in each stanza, their rhyme is abab.
第四篇：英美文学
《英美文学》复习方法
一、找到《英美文学》的辅导书，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通车》等类型的汉语版辅导书。
二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和知识点；用汉语记录重点；
三、第一轮复习顺序：
1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学
2、按照时间顺序看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品
3、按照课本的章节顺序，看完汉语译文后，对照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简单题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。
4、按照章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记；
5、全部整理完毕之后，基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。
四、第二轮复习顺序
1、找到历年真题，做题的时候对照答案，寻找该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录；
2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点知识就有了比较清楚的理解；
五、考前突击复习
1、依据真题笔记和第二轮复习的笔记，对不熟悉的部分进行重点复习。
2、根据以往考题的研究，旧题还会重新考，所以大家要关注所有做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性知识的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点知识网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理帮助记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的办法。
*警告：千万不要抛开课本直接做真题；
千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有掌握好的，直到最后的笔记成为提纲式的。
〈高级英语〉复习方法说明；
一、对照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习；
二、找来历年考试真题，认真做，查到答案在课本中的相关地方
三、认真复习真题，总结知识点；错题本，反复研究错题
四、回到课本，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点知识点；
五、整理真题，再次复习错题；
*高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必须早动手，狠下功夫。
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第五篇：英美文学
SIR THOMAS MALORY
(1405-1471)
The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY
II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》
III.Questions for Discussion
.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)
Life: He was very rich because he inherited a
considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west
central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he
seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of
local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of
Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during
this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir
Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From
1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the
attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey
大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county
of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'
enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-
robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be
murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost
continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did
escape several times.His pardon came to him in
October 1462, followed by military service in
Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's
Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was
imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned
eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur
《亚瑟王之死》
Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady
returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or
disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of
tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?
3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?
See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?
See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.
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