第一篇:湖北省武汉为明实验学校八年级数学下册 第19章 四边形练习题(第12周作业) 新人教版
第十九章 四边形
一、平行四边形的性质(一)基础知识训练: 1.两组对边分别______的四边形叫做平行四边形.它用符号“□”表示,平行四边形ABCD记作__________。2.平行四边形的两组对边分别______且______;平行四边形的两组对角分别______;两邻角______;平行四边形的对角线______;平行四边形的面积=底边长³______. 3.在□ABCD中,若∠A-∠B=40°,则∠A=______,∠B=______.
4.若平行四边形周长为54cm,两邻边之差为5cm,则这两边的长度分别为______. 5.若□ABCD的对角线AC平分∠DAB,则对角线AC与BD的位置关系是______.
6.如图,□ABCD中,CE⊥AB,垂足为E,如果∠A=115°,则∠BCE=______. 6题图 7.如图,在□ABCD中,DB=DC、∠A=65°,CE⊥BD于E,则∠BCE=______. 8.若在□ABCD中,∠A=30°,AB=7cm,AD=6cm,则S□ABCD=______. 9.如图,将□ABCD沿AE翻折,使点B恰好落在AD上的点F处,则下列结论不一定成立的是().(A)AF=EF(B)AB=EF .....(C)AE=AF(D)AF=BE 10.如图,下列推理不正确的是().(A)∵AB∥CD ∴∠ABC+∠C=180°
(B)∵∠1=∠2 ∴AD∥BC(C)∵AD∥BC ∴∠3=∠4(D)∵∠A+∠ADC=180° ∴AB∥CD
11.平行四边形两邻边分别为24和16,若两长边间的距离为8,则两短边间的距离为().
(A)5(B)6(C)8(D)12 综合运用训练:
12.已知:如图,□ABCD中,DE⊥AC于E,BF⊥AC于F.求证:DE=BF.
13.如图,在□ABCD中,∠ABC的平分线交CD于点E,∠ADE的平分线交AB于点F,试判断AF与CE是否相等,并说明理由.
14.已知:如图,E、F分别为□ABCD的对边AB、CD的中点.
(1)求证:DE=FB;
(2)若DE、CB的延长线交于G点,求证:CB=BG.
15.已知:如图,□ABCD中,E、F是直线AC上两点,且AE=CF.
求证:(1)BE=DF;(2)BE∥DF.
拓展提升训练:
16.已知:□ABCD中,AB=5,AD=2,∠DAB=120°,若以点A为原点,直线AB为x轴,如图所示建立直角坐标系,试分别求出B、C、D三点的坐标.
17.某市要在一块□ABCD的空地上建造一个四边形花园,要求花园所占面积是□ABCD面积的一半,并且四边形花园的四个顶点作为出入口,要求分别在□ABCD的四条边上,请你设计两种方案:
方案(1):如图1所示,两个出入口E、F已确定,请在图上画出符合要求的四边形花园,并简要说明画法;
方案(2):如图所示,一个出入口M已确定,请在图2上画出符合要求的梯形花园,并简要说明画法.
二、平行四边形的性质(二)基础知识训练:
1.平行四边形一条对角线分一个内角为25°和35°,则4个内角分别为______.
2.□ABCD中,对角线AC和BD交于O,若AC=8,BD=6,则边AB长的取值范围是 . 3.平行四边形周长是40cm,则每条对角线长不能超过______cm. 4.如图,在□ABCD中,AE、AF分别垂直于BC、CD,垂足为E、F,若∠EAF=30°,AB=6,AD=10,则CD=____;AB与CD的距离为_____; AD与BC的距离为______;∠D=______.
5.□ABCD的周长为60cm,其对角线交于O点,若△AOB的周长比△BOC的周长多10cm,则AB=______,BC=______.
6.在□ABCD中,AC与BD交于O,若OA=3x,AC=4x+12,则OC的长为______.
7.在□ABCD中,CA⊥AB,∠BAD=120°,若BC=10cm,则AC=______,AB=______.
8.在□ABCD中,AE⊥BC于E,若AB=10cm,BC=15cm,BE=6cm,则□ABCD的面积为______. 9.有下列说法:①平行四边形具有四边形的所有性质;②平行四边形是中心对称图形; ③平行四边形的任一条对角线可把平行四边形分成两个全等的三角形; ④平行四边形的两条对角线把平行四边形分成4个面积相等的小三角形.
其中正确说法的序号是().(A)①②④(B)①③④(C)①②③(D)①②③④ 10.平行四边形一边长12cm,那么它的两条对角线的长度可能是().
(A)8cm和16cm(B)10cm和16cm(C)8cm和14cm(D)8cm和12cm 11.以不共线的三点A、B、C为顶点的平行四边形共有()个.(A)1(B)2(C)3(D)无数 12.在□ABCD中,点A1、A2、A3、A4和C1、C2、C3、C4分别是 AB和CD的五等分点,点B1、B2、和D1、D2分别是BC和DA的
三等分点,已知四边形A4B2C4D2的面积为1,则□ABCD的面积为()(A)2(B)35(C)(D)15 5 3
13.根据如图所示的(1),(2),(3)三个图所表示的规律,依次下去第n个图中平行四边形的个数是()
(A)3n
(B)3n(n+1)
(C)6n
(D)6n(n+1)„„
(1)(2)(3)综合运用训练:
14.已知:如图,在□ABCD中,从顶点D向AB作垂线,垂足为E,且E是AB的中点,已知□ABCD的周长为8.6cm,△ABD的周长为6cm,求AB、BC的长.
15.已知:如图,在□ABCD中,CE⊥AB于E,CF⊥AD于F,∠2=30°,求∠
1、∠3的度数.
拓展提升训练:
16.已知:如图,O为□ABCD的对角线AC的串点,过点O作一条直线分别与AB、CD交于点M、N,点E、F在直线MN上,且OE=OF.
(1)图中共有几对全等三角形?请把它们都写出来;
(2)求证:∠MAE=∠NCF.
217.已知:如图,在□ABCD中,点E在AC上,AE=2EC,点F在AB上,BF=2AF,若△BEF的面积为2cm,求□ABCD的面积.
三、平行四边形的判定(一)基础知识训练:
1.平行四边形的判定方法有:
从边的条件有:①两组对边__________的四边形是平行四边形;
②两组对边__________的四边形是平行四边形; ③一组对边__________的四边形是平行四边形.
从对角线的条件有:④两条对角线__________的四边形是平行四边形. 从角的条件有:⑤两组对角______的四边形是平行四边形.
注意:一组对边平行另一组对边相等的四边形______是平行四边形.(填“一定”或“不一定”)2.四边形ABCD中,若∠A+∠B=180°,∠C+∠D=180°,则这个四边形______(填 “是”、“不是”或“不一定是”)平行四边形.
22223.一个四边形的边长依次为a、b、c、d,且满足a+b+c+d=2ac+2bd,则这个四边形为______. 4.四边形ABCD中,AC、BD为对角线,AC、BD相交于点O,BO=4,CO=6,当AO=______,DO=______时,这个四边形是平行四边形.
5.如上右图,四边形ABCD中,当∠1=∠2,且______∥______时,这个四边形是平行四边形. 6.下列命题中,正确的是().
(A)两组角相等的四边形是平行四边形(B)一组对边相等,两条对角线相等的四边形是平行四边形(C)一条对角线平分另一条对角线的四边形是平行四边形(D)两组对边分别相等的四边形是平行四边形 7.已知:园边形ABCD中,AC与BD交于点O,如果只给出条件“AB∥CD”,那么还不能判定四边形ABCD为平行四边形,给出以下四种说法: ①如果再加上条件“BC=AD”,那么四边形ABCD一定是平行四边形; ②如果再加上条件“∠BAD=∠BCD”,那么四边形ABCD一定是平行四边形; ③如果再加上条件“OA=OC”,那么四边形ABCD一定是平行四边形; ④如果再加上条件“∠DBA=∠CAB”,那么四边形ABCD一定是平行四边形.其中正确的说法是().(A)①②(B)①③④(C)②③(D)②③④
8.能确定平行四边形的大小和形状的条件是().(A)已知平行四边形的一边、一对角线和周长(B)已知平行四边形的相邻两角(C)已知平行四边形的两对角线(D))已知平行四边形的两邻边 综合运用训练
9.如图,在□ABCD中,E、F分别是边AB、CD上的点,已知AE=CF,M、N是DE和FB的中点,求证:四边形ENFM是平行四边形.
10.如图,在□ABCD中,E、F分别是边AD、BC上的点,已知AE=CF,AF与BE相交于点G,CE与DF相交于点H,求证:四边形EGFH是平行四边形.
11.如图,在□ABCD中,E、F分别在边BA、DC的延长线上,已知AE=CF,P、Q分别是DE和FB的中点,求证:四边形EQFP是平行四边形.
12.如图,在□ABCD中,E、F分别在DA、BC的延长线上,已知AE=CF,FA与BE的延长线相交于点R,EC与DF的延长线相交于点S,求证:四边形RESF是平行四边形.
13.已知:如图,四边形ABCD中,AB=DC,AD=BC,点E在BC上,点F在AD上,AF=CE,EF与对角线BD交于点O,求证:O是BD的中点.
14.已知:如图,△ABC中,D是AC的中点,E是线段BC延长线上一点,过点A作BE的平行线与线段ED的延长线交于点F,连结AE、CF.求证:CF∥AE.四、平行四边形的判定(二)基础知识训练:
1.如图,□ABCD中,CE=DF,则四边形ABEF是____________.
2.如图,□ABCD,EF∥AB,GH∥AD,MN∥AD,图中共有____个平行四边形. 3.已知三条线段长分别为10,14,20,以其中两条为对角线,其余一条为边可以画出 个平行四边形.
4.已知三条线段长分别为7,15,20,以其中一条为对角线,另两条为邻边,可以画出______个平行四边形.
5.如图,四边形AEFD和EBCF都是平行四边形,则四边形ABCD是 . 6.能判定一个四边形是平行四边形的条件是().(A)一组对边平行,另一组对边相等(B)一组对边平行,一组对角互补(C)一组对角相等,一组邻角互补(D)一组对角相等,另一组对角互补 7.能判定四边形ABCD是平行四边形的题设是().(A)AD=BC,AB∥CD(B)∠A=∠B,∠C=∠D(C)AB=BC,AD=DC(D)AB∥CD,CD=AB 8.能判定四边形ABCD是平行四边形的条件是:∠A∶∠B∶∠C∶∠D的值为().(A)1∶2∶3∶4(B)1∶4∶2∶3(C)1∶2∶2∶1(D)1∶2∶1∶2 9.如图,E、F分别是□ABCD的边AB、CD的中点,则图中平行四边
形的个数共有().(A)2个(B)3个(C)4个(D)5个
10.□ABCD的对角线的交点在坐标原点,且AD平行于x轴,若A点坐标为(-1,2),则C点的坐标为().(A)(1,-2)(B)(2,-1)(C)(1,-3)(D)(2,-3)11.如图,□ABCD中,对角线AC、BD交于点O,将△AOD平移至△BEC 的位置,则图中与OA相等的其他线段有().(A)1条(B)2条(C)3条(D)4条 综合、运用、诊断
12.已知:如图,在□ABCD中,点E、F在对角线AC上,且AE=CF.请你以F为一个端点,和图中已标明字母的某一点连成一条新线段,猜想并证明它和图中已有的某一条线段相等(只需证明一组线段相等即可).(1)连结______;(2)猜想:______=______;(3)证明:
13.如图,在△ABC中,EF为△ABC的中位线,D为BC边上一点(不与B、C重合),AD与EF交于点O,连结EF、DF,要使四边形AEDF为平行四边形,需要添加条件______.(只添加一个条件)证明:
14.已知:如图,△ABC中,AB=AC=10,D是BC边上的任意一点,分别作DF∥AB交AC于F,DE∥AC交AB于E,求DE+DF的值.
15.已知:如图,在等边△ABC中,D、F分别为CB、BA上的点,且CD=BF,以AD为边作等边三角形ADE.
求证:(1)△ACD≌△CBF;(2)四边形CDEF为平行四边形.
拓展提升训练:
16.若一次函数y=2x-1和反比例函数yk的图象都经过点(1,1).(1)求反比例函数的解析式; 2x(2)已知点A在第三象限,且同时在两个函数的图象上,利用图象求点A的坐标;
(3)利用(2)的结果,若点B的坐标为(2,0),且以点A、O、B、P为顶点的四边形是平行四边形,请你直接写出点P的坐标.
17.如图,点A(m,m+1),B(m+3,m-1)在反比例函数yk的图象上. x(1)求m,k的值;(2)如果M为x轴上一点,N为y轴上一点,以点A,B,M,N为顶点的四边形是平行四边形,试求直线MN的函数表达式.
五、平行四边形的性质与判定
基础知识训练:
1.平行四边形长边是短边的2倍,一条对角线与短边垂直,则这个平行四边形各角的度数分别为______. 2.从平行四边形的一个锐角顶点作两条高线,如果这两条高线夹角为135°,则这个平行四边形的各内角的度数为______.
3.在□ABCD中,BC=2AB,若E为BC的中点,则∠AED=______.
4.在□ABCD中,如果一边长为8cm,一条对角线为6cm,则另一条对角线x的取值范围是______. 5.□ABCD中,对角线AC、BD交于O,且AB=AC=2cm,若∠ABC=60°,则△OAB的周长为______cm. 6.如下左图,在□ABCD中,M是BC的中点,且AM=9,BD=12,AD=10,则□ABCD的面积是______. 7.□ABCD中,对角线AC、BD交于点O,若∠BOC=120°AD=7,BD=10,则□ABCD的面积为______. 8.如下中图,在□ABCD中,AB=6,AD=9,∠BAD的平分线交BC于点E,交DC的延长线于点F,BG⊥AE,垂足为G,AF=5,BG42,则△CEF的周长为______.
9.如下右图,BD为□ABCD的对角线,M、N分别在AD、AB上,且MN∥BD,则S△DMC______ S△BNC.(填“<”、“=”或“>”)
综合运用训练
一、解答题
10.已知:如图,△EFC中,A是EF边上一点,AB∥EC,AD∥FC,若∠EAD=∠FAB.AB=a,AD=b.(1)求证:△EFC是等腰三角形;(2)求EC+FC.
11.已知:如图,△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,BD⊥AC于D,AE平分∠BAC,EF∥DC,交BC于F.求证:BE=FC.
12.已知:如图,在□ABCD中,E为AD的中点,CE、BA的延长线交于点F.若BC=2CD,求证:∠F=∠BCF.
13.如图,已知:在□ABCD中,∠A=60°,E、F分别是AB、CD的中点,且AB=2AD.
求证:BF∶BD=3∶3.
拓展提升训练:
14.如图1,已知正比例函数和反比例函数的图象都经过点M(-2,-1),且P(-1,-2)是双曲线上的一点,Q为坐标平面上一动点,PA垂直于x轴,QB垂直于y轴,垂足分别是A、B.(1)写出正比例函数和反比例函数的关系式;
(2)当点Q在直线MO上运动时,直线MO上是否存在这样的点Q,使得△OBQ与△OAP面积相等?如果存在,请求出点的坐标,如果不存在,请说明理由;
(3)如图2,当点Q在第一象限中的双曲线上运动时,作以OP、OQ为邻边的平行四边形OPCQ,求平行四边形OPCQ周长的最小值.
图1 图2 六、三角形的中位线
基础知识训练:
1.(1)三角形的中位线的定义:连结三角形两边____________叫做三角形的中位线.
(2)三角形的中位线定理是三角形的中位线______第三边,并且等于 . 2.如图,△ABC的周长为64,E、F、G分别为AB、AC、BC的中点,A′、B′、C′分别为EF、EG、GF的中点,△A′B′C′的周长为_________.如果△ABC、△EFG、△A′B′C′分别为第1个、第2个、第3个三角形,按照上述方法继续 作三角形,那么第n个三角形的周长是__________________. 3.△ABC中,D、E分别为AB、AC的中点,若DE=4,AD=3,AE=2,则△ABC的周长为______.
4.已知:如图,四边形ABCD中,E、F、G、H分别是AB、BC、CD、DA的中点. 求证:四边形EFGH是平行四边形.
5.已知:△ABC的中线BD、CE交于点O,F、G分别是OB、OC的中点.
求证:四边形DEFG是平行四边形.
综合运用训练;6.已知:如图,E为□ABCD中DC边的延长线上的一点,且CE=DC,连结AE分别交BC、BD于点F、G,连结AC交BD于O,连结OF.求证:AB=2OF.
7.已知:如图,在□ABCD中,E是CD的中点,F是AE的中点,FC与BE交于G.求证:GF=GC.
8.已知:如图,在四边形ABCD中,AD=BC,E、F分别是DC、AB边的中点,FE的延长线分别与AD、BC 的延长线交于H、G点. 求证:∠AHF=∠BGF.
拓展提高训练:
9.已知:如图,△ABC中,D是BC边的中点,AE平分∠BAC,BE⊥AE于E点,若AB=5,AC=7,求ED.
10.如图在△ABC中,D、E分别为AB、AC上的点,且BD=CE,M、N分别是BE、CD的中点.过MN的直线交AB于P,交AC于Q,线段AP、AQ相等吗?为什么?
七、矩 形
基础知识训练:
1.(1)矩形的定义:__________________的平行四边形叫做矩形.
(2)矩形的性质:矩形是一个特殊的平行四边形,它除了具有四边形和平行四边形所有的性质,还有:矩形的四个角______;矩形的对角线______;矩形是轴对称图形,它的对称轴是____________.(3)矩形的判定:一个角是直角的______是矩形;对角线______的平行四边形是矩形;有______个角是直角的四边形是矩形.
2.矩形ABCD中,对角线AC、BD相交于O,∠AOB=60°,AC=10cm,则AB=______cm,BC=______cm. 3.在△ABC中,∠C=90°,AC=5,BC=3,则AB边上的中线CD=______. 4.如图,四边形ABCD是一张矩形纸片,AD=2AB,若沿过点D的折痕DE将 A角翻折,使点A落在BC上的A1处,则∠EA1B=______°。
5.如图,矩形ABCD中,AB=2,BC=3,对角线AC的垂直平分线分别交AD,BC于点E、F,连结CE,则CE的长______.
6.下列命题中不正确的是().
(A)直角三角形斜边中线等于斜边的一半(B)矩形的对角线相等(C)矩形的对角线互相垂直(D)矩形是轴对称图形
7.若矩形对角线相交所成钝角为120°,短边长3.6cm,则对角线的长为().(A)3.6cm(B)7.2cm(C)1.8cm(D)14.4cm 8.矩形邻边之比3∶4,对角线长为10cm,则周长为().(A)14cm(B)28cm(C)20cm(D)22cm 9.已知AC为矩形ABCD的对角线,则图中∠1与∠2一定不相等的是()
(A)(B)(C)(D)综合运用训练:
10.已知:如图,□ABCD中,AC与BD交于O点,∠OAB=∠OBA.(1)求证:四边形ABCD为矩形;
(2)作BE⊥AC于E,CF⊥BD于F,求证:BE=CF.
11.如图,在△ABC中,D是BC边上的一点,E是AD的中点,过点A作BC的平行线交BE的延长线于F,且AF=DC,连结CF.
(1)求证:D是BC的中点;
(2)如果AB=AC,试猜测四边形ADCF的形状,并证明你的结论.
12.如图,矩形ABCD中,AB=6cm,BC=8cm,若将矩形折叠,使点B与D重合,求折痕EF的长。
13.已知:如图,在矩形ABCD中,E、F分别是边BC、AB上的点,且EF=ED,EF⊥ED.
求证:AE平分∠BAD.
拓展提升训练:
14.如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB=2,AD3.
(1)在边CD上找一点E,使EB平分∠AEC,并加以说明;
(2)若P为BC边上一点,且BP=2CP,连结EP并延长交AB的延长线于F. ①求证:AB=BF;
②△PAE能否由△PFB绕P点按顺时针方向旋转而得到?若能,加以证明,并写出旋转度数;若不能,请说明理由。
八、菱 形
基础知识训练:
1.菱形的定义:__________________的平行四边形叫做菱形.
2.菱形的性质:菱形是特殊的平行四边形,它具有四边形和平行四边形的______:还有:菱形的四条边______;菱形的对角线______,并且每一条对角线平分______;菱形的面积等于__________________,它的对称轴是______________________________. 3.菱形的判定:一组邻边相等的______是菱形;四条边 的四边形是菱形;对角线 的平行四边形是菱形.
4.已知菱形的周长为40cm,两个相邻角度数之比为1∶2,则较长对角线的长为______cm.
25.若菱形的两条对角线长分别是6cm,8cm,则它的周长为______cm,面积为______cm.
6.对角线互相垂直平分的四边形是().(A)平行四边形(B)矩形(C)菱形(D)任意四边形 7.顺次连结对角线相等的四边形各边中点,所得四边形是().(A)矩形(B)平行四边形(C)菱形(D)任意四边形 8.下列命题中,正确的是().
(A)一条对角线平分一个内角的平行四边形是菱形(B)两邻边相等的四边形是菱形(C)对角线垂直且一组邻边相等的四边形是菱形(D)对角线垂直的四边形是菱形 9.如图,在菱形ABCD中,E、F分别是AB、AC的中点,如果EF=2,那么菱形ABCD的周长是().(A)4(B)8(C)12(D)16 10.菱形ABCD中,∠A∶∠B=1∶5,若周长为8,则此菱形的高等于().
(A)1 2(B)4(C)1(D)2 综合运用训练:
11.如图,在菱形ABCD中,E是AB的中点,且DE⊥AB,AB=4.
求:(1)∠ABC的度数;(2)菱形ABCD的面积.
12.如图,在菱形ABCD中,∠ABC=120°,E是AB边的中点,P是AC边上一动点,PB+PE的最小值是3,求AB的值.
13.如图,在□ABCD中,E,F分别为边AB,CD的中点,连结DE,BF,BD.
(1)求证:△ADE≌△CBF.(2)若AD⊥BD,则四边形BFDE是什么特殊四边形?请证明你的结论.
14.如图,四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,AC平分∠BAD,CE∥AD交AB于E.(1)求证:四边形AECD是菱形;
(2)若点E是AB的中点,试判断△ABC的形状,并说明理由.
15.如图,□ABCD中,AB⊥AC,AB=1,BC=5.对角线AC,BD相交于点O,将直线AC绕点O顺时针旋转,分别交BC,AD于点E,F.
(1)证明:当旋转角为90°时,四边形ABEF是平行四边形;
(2)试说明在旋转过程中,线段AF与EC总保持相等;
(3)在旋转过程中,四边形BEDF可能是菱形吗?如果不能,请说明理由;如果能,画出图形并写出此时AC绕点O顺时针旋转的度数.
16.如图,菱形ABCD的边长为2,BD=2,E、F分别是边AD,CD上的两个动点,且满足AE+CF=2.
(1)求证:△BDE≌△BCF;
(2)判断△BEF的形状,并说明理由;
(3)设△BEF的面积为S,求S的取值范围.
拓展提高训练:
17.请用两种不同的方法,在所给的两个矩形中各画一个不为正方形的菱形,且菱形的四个顶点都在矩形的边上(保留作图痕迹).
18.如图,菱形AB1C1D1的边长为1,∠B1=60°;作AD2⊥B1C1于点D2,以AD2为一边,作第二个菱形AB2C2D2,使∠B2=60°;作AD3⊥B2C2 于点D3,以AD3为一边,作第三个菱形AB3C3D3,使∠B3=60°;
„„依此类推,这样作的第n个菱形ABnCnDn的边ADn的长是______.
九、正方形
基础知识训练:
1.正方形的定义:有一组邻边______并且有一个角是______的平行四边形叫做正方形,因此正方形既是
一个特殊的有一组邻边相等的______,又是一个特殊的有一个角是直角的______.
2.正方形的性质:正方形具有四边形、平行四边形、矩形、菱形的一切性质,正方形的四个角都______;四条边都______且__________________;正方形的两条对角线______,并且互相______,每条对角线平分______对角.它有______条对称轴. 3.正方形的判定:
(1)____________________________________的平行四边形是正方形;(2)____________________________________的矩形是正方形;(3)____________________________________的菱形是正方形; 4.对角线________________________________的四边形是正方形.
5.若正方形的边长为a,则其对角线长为______,若正方形ACEF的边是正方形ABCD的对角线,则正方形ACEF与正方形ABCD的面积之比等于______.
6.延长正方形ABCD的BC边至点E,使CE=AC,连结AE,交CD于F,那么∠AFC的度数为______,若BC=4cm,则△ACE的面积等于______. 7.在正方形ABCD中,E为BC上一点,EF⊥AC,EG⊥BD,垂足分别为F、G,如果AB52cm,那么EF+EG的长为______.
二、选择题
8.如上图,将一边长为12的正方形纸片ABCD的顶点A折叠至DC边上的点E,使DE=5,折痕为PQ,则PQ的长为()(A)12(B)13(C)14(D)15
29.如图,正方形ABCD的边长为4cm,则图中阴影部分的面积为()cm.(A)6(B)8(C)16(D)不能确定 综合运用训练:
10.已知:如图,正方形ABCD中,点E、M、N分别在AB、BC、AD边上,CE=MN,∠MCE=35°,求∠ANM的度数.
11.已知:如图,E是正方形ABCD对角线AC上一点,且AE=AB,EF⊥AC,交BC于F.求证:BF=EC.
12.如图,边长为3的正方形ABCD绕点C按顺时针方向旋转30°后,得到正方形EFCG,EF交AD于H,求DH的长.
13.如图,P为正方形ABCD的对角线上任一点,PE⊥AB于E,PF⊥BC于F,判断DP与EF的关系,并证明.
拓展、探究、思考
14.如图,在边长为4的正方形ABCD中,点P在AB上从A向B运动,连结DP交AC于点Q.(1)试证明:无论点P运动到AB上何处时,都有△ADQ≌△ABQ;
(2)当点P在AB上运动到什么位置时,△ADQ的面积是正方形ABCD面积的1; 6(3)若点P从点A运动到点B,再继续在BC上运动到点C,在整个运动过程中,当点P运动到什么位置时,△ADQ恰为等腰三角形.
十、梯形(一)基础知识训练:
1.梯形有关概念:一组对边平行而另一组对边______的四边形叫做梯形,梯形中平行的两边叫做底,按______分别叫做上底、下底(与位置无关),梯形中不平行的两边叫做______,两底间的______叫做梯形的高.一腰垂直于底边的梯形叫做______;两腰______的梯形叫做等腰梯形.
2.等腰梯形的性质:等腰梯形中______的两个角相等,两腰______,两对角线______,等腰梯形是轴对称图形,只有一条对称轴,______就是它的对称轴.
3.等腰梯形的判定:______的梯形是等腰梯形;同一底上的两个角______的梯形是等腰梯形. 4.如果等腰梯形两底差的一半等于它的高,那么此梯形较小的一个底角等于______度. 5.等腰梯形上底长为3cm,腰长为4cm,其中锐角等于60°,则下底长是______. 6.如图,梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB=CD=AD=1,∠B=60°,直线MN为梯形ABCD的对称轴,P为MN上一点,那么PC+PD的最小值为______.
27.课外活动时,王老师让同学们做一个对角线互相垂直的等腰梯形形状的风筝,其面积为450cm,则两条对角线所用的竹条至少需().(A)302cm(B)30cm(C)60cm(D)602cm
8.如图,梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠B=30°,∠BCD=60°,AD=2,AC平分∠BCD,则BC长为().(A)4(B)6(C)43(D)33
9.如图,□ABCD是用12个全等的等腰梯形镶嵌成的图形,这个图形中等腰梯形的上底长与下底长的比是().(A)1∶2(B)2∶3(C)3∶5(D)4∶7
综合运用训练:
10.已知:如图,梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB=CD,延长CB到E,使EB=AD,连结AE.求证:AE=CA.
11.如图,在梯形ABCD中,AB∥DC,DB平分∠ADC,过点A作AE∥BD,交CD的延长线于点E,且∠C=2∠E(1)求证:梯形ABCD是等腰梯形;(2)若∠BDC=30°,AD=5,求CD的长.
12.如图,在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB=DC=AD,∠C=60°,AE⊥BD于点E,AE=1,求梯形ABCD的高.
拓展提高训练:
13.如图,等腰梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,M、N分别是AD,BC的中点,E,F分别是BM,CM的中点.(1)求证:四边形MENF是菱形;
(2)若四边形MENF是正方形,请探索等腰梯形ABCD的高和底边BC的数量关系,并证明你的结论.
14.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∠B=60°,BC=2.点O是AC的中点,过点O的直线l从与AC重合的位置开始,绕点O作逆时针旋转,交AB边于点D.过点C作CE∥AB交直线l于点E,设直线l的旋转角为.
1、①当=______°时,四边形EDBC是等腰梯形,此时AD的长为______;
②当=______°时,四边形EDBC是直角梯形,此时AD的长为______;
2、当=90°时,判断四边形EDBC是否为菱形,并说明理由.
(备用图)
十一、梯形(二)基础知识训练:
1.梯形问题通常是通过分割和拼接转化为三角形或平行四边形,其分割拼接的方法有如下几种(如图):(1)平移一腰,即过梯形的一个顶点作,把梯形分成一个平行四边形和一个三角形
(2)从同一底的两端作另一底的,把梯形分成一个矩形和两个直角三角形。
(3)平移对角线,即过底的一端作,可以借助新得的平行四边形或三角形来研究梯形;
(4)延长梯形的两腰______,得到两个三角形,如果梯形是等腰梯形,则得到两个等腰三角形。(5)以梯形一腰的中点为______,作某图形的中心对称图形。(6)以梯形一腰为______,作梯形的轴对称图形 .
2.等腰梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,若AD=3,AB=4,BC=7,则∠B=______ 3.如图,直角梯形ABCD中,AB∥CD,CB⊥AB,△ABD是等边三角形,若AB=2,则BC=______.
4.在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AD=5,BC=7,若E为DC的中点,射线AE交BC的延长线于F点,则BF=______.
5.梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,若对角线AC⊥BD,且AC=5cm,BD=12cm,则梯形的面积等于(). 2 2 2(A)30cm(B)60cm(C)90cm(D)169cm
6.如图,等腰梯形ABCD中,AB∥CD,对角线AC平分∠BAD,∠B=60°,CD=2,则梯形ABCD的面积是().
(A)33(B)6(C)63(D)12 7.等腰梯形ABCD中,AB∥CD,AD=BC=8,AB=10,CD=6,则梯形ABCD的面积是().(A)165(B)1615
(C)1617
(D)3215
综合运用训练:
8.已知:如图,等腰梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,对角线AC=BC+AD.求∠DBC的度数.
9.已知,等腰梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠ABC=60°,AC⊥BD,AB=4cm,求梯形ABCD的周长.
10.在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠B=90°,∠C=45°,AD=1,BC=4,E为AB中点,EF∥DC交BC于点F,求EF的长.
11.如图,在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB⊥AC,∠B=45°,AD=2,BC=42,求DC的长.
拓展提升训练:
12.如图,梯形纸片ABCD中,AD∥BC且AB≠DC.设AD=a,BC=b 过AD中点和BC中点的直线可将梯形纸片ABCD分成面积相等的两部分.
请你再设计一种方法:只需用剪子一次就可将梯形纸片ABCD分割成面积
相等的两部分,画出设计的图形并简要说明你的分割方法.
13.(1)探究新知:如图,已知△ABC与△ABD的面积相等,试判断AB与CD的位置关系,并说明理由.
(2)结论应用:
①如图,点M,N在反比例函数yk(k0)的图象上,过点M作ME⊥y轴,过点N作NF⊥x轴,垂足x分别为E,F.试证明:MN∥EF.
②若①中的其他条件不变,只改变点M,N的位置,如图所示.请判断MN与EF是否平行.
第十九章 四边形全章测试
一、选择题
1.下列说法中,正确的是().(A)等腰梯形既是中心对称图形又是轴对称图形.(B)平行四边形的邻边相等.(C)矩形是轴对称图形且有四条对称轴.(D)菱形的面积等于两条对角线长乘积的一半.
2.在□ABCD中,AB=3cm,AD=4cm,∠A=120°,则□ABCD的面积是().(A)33(B)63
(C)153
(D)123
3.将矩形纸片ABCD按如图所示的方式折叠,得到菱形AECF.若AB=3,则BC的长为().
(A)1(B)2(C)2(D)3
4.等腰梯形的两底之差等于腰长,则腰与下底的夹角为().(A)120°(B)60°(C)45°(D)50°
25.课外活动时,王老师让同学们做一个对角线互相垂直的等腰梯形形状的风筝,其面积为450cm,则两条对角线所用的竹条至少需().(A)302cm(B)30cm(C)60cm(D)602cm
6.如图,若□ABCD与□EBCF关于B,C所在直线对称,∠ABE=90°,则∠F=______.
27.已知菱形ABCD的面积是12cm,对角线AC=4cm,则菱形的边长是______cm. 8.如下左图,菱形ABCD的边长为2,∠ABC=45°,则点D的坐标为______.
9.如下左图,在正方形ABCD中,E在AB上,BE=2,AE=1,P是BD上的动点,则PE和PA的长度之和最小值为___________.
10.如图,矩形ABCD的面积为5,它的两条对角线交于点O1,以AB,AO1为两邻边作平行四边形ABC1O1,平行四边形ABC1O1的对角线交于点O2,同样以AB,AO2为两邻边平行四边形ABC2O2„„依此类推,则平行边形ABCnOn的面积为___________.
三、解答题
11.平行四边形ABCD中,点E,F分别在BC,AD上,且AF=CE,求证:AE=CF.
12.如图,在矩形ABCD中,以点B为圆心、BC长为半径画弧,交AD边于点E,连接BE,过C点作CF⊥
BE,垂足为F.猜想线段BF与图中现有的哪一条线段相等?先将你猜想出的结论填写在下面的横线上,并加以证明.
结论:BF=______.
证明:
13.如图,把一张矩形的纸ABCD沿对角线BD折叠,使点C落在点E处,BE与AD交于点F.(1)求证:△ABF≌△EDF
(2)若将折叠的图形恢复原状,点F与BC边上的点M正好重合,连接DM,试判断四边形BMDF的形状,并说明理由.
14.如图,在梯形ABCD中,已知AD∥BC,点E,F,G,H分别是DB,BC,AC,DA的中点,求证:线段HF与EG互相平分。
15.如图1,在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠C=90°,点E为CD的中点,点F在底边BC上,且∠FAE=∠DAE.
(1)请你通过观察、测量、猜想,写出∠AEF的度数;
(2)若梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠C不是直角,点F在底边BC或其延长线上,如图
2、图3,其他条件不变,你在(1)中得出的结论是否仍然成立,若都成立,请在图
2、图3中选择其中一图进行证明;若不都成立,请说明理由.
图1 图2 图3
16.如图1,P是线段AB上的一点,在AB的同侧作△APC和△BPD,使PC=PA,PD=PB,∠APC=∠BPD,连结CD,点E,F,G,H分别是AC,AB,BD,CD的中点,顺次连接E,F,G,H.
(1)猜想四边形EFGH的形状,直接回答,不必说明理由;
(2)当点P在线段AB的上方时,如图2,在△APB的外部作△APC和△BPD,其他条件不变,(1)中的结论还成立吗?说明理由;
(3)如图3中,若∠APC=∠BPD=90°,其他条件不变,先补全图3,再判断四边形EFGH的形状,并说明理由.
参考答案
第十九章 四边形
测试1平行四边形的性质(一)1.平行,□ABCD. 2.平行,相等;相等;互补;互相平分;底边上的高. 3.110°,70°. 4.16cm,11cm. 5.互相垂直. 6.25°.
7.25°. 8.21cm2.
9.D. 10.C. 11.C.
12.提示:可由△ADE≌△CBF推出. 13.提示:可由△ADF≌△CBE推出. 14.(1)提示:可证△AED≌△CFB;
(2)提示:可由△GEB≌△DEA推出,15.提示:可先证△ABE≌△CDF.(三)16.B(5,0)C(4,3)D(-1,3). 17.方案(1)
画法1:
(1)过F作FH∥AB交AD于点H
(2)在DC上任取一点G连接EF,FG,GH,HE,则四边形EFGH就是所要画的四边形;
画法2:
(1)过F作FH∥AB交AD于点H
(2)过E作EG∥AD交DC于点G连接EF,FG,GH,HE,则四边形EFGH就是所要画的四边形
画法3:
(1)在AD上取一点H,使DH=CF
(2)在CD上任取一点G连接EF,FG,GH,HE,则四边形EFGH就是所要画的四边形 方案(2)27
画法:(1)过M点作MP∥AB交AD于点P,(2)在AB上取一点Q,连接PQ,(3)过M作MN∥PQ交DC于点N,连接QM,PN则四边形QMNP就是所要画的四边形
测试2平行四边形的性质(二)1.60°、120°、60°、120°. 2.1<AB<7. 3.20.
4.6,5,3,30°. 5.20cm,10cm. 6.18.提示:AC=2AO.7.53cm,5cm. 8.120cm
2.9.D; 10.B. 11.C. 12.C. 13.B. 14.AB=2.6cm,BC=1.7cm.
提示:由已知可推出AD=BD=BC.设BC=xcm,AB=ycm,则2xy6,x2(xy)8.6.解得1.7,y2.6,15.∠1=60°,∠3=30°.
16.(1)有4对全等三角形.分别为△AOM≌△CON,△AOE≌△COF,△AME≌△CNF,△ABC≌△CDA.(2)证明:∵OA=OC,∠1=∠2,OE=OF,∴△OAE≌△OCF.∴∠EAO=∠FCO.
又∵在□ABCD中,AB∥CD,∴∠BAO=∠DCO.∴∠EAM=∠NCF.
17.9.
测试3平行四边形的判定(一)1.①分别平行; ②分别相等; ③平行且相等; ④互相平分; ⑤分别相等;不一定; 2.不一定是.
3.平行四边形.提示:由已知可得(a-c)2
+(b-d)2
=0,从而ac,bd.4.6,4; 5.AD,BC.
6.D. 7.C. 8.D.
9.提示:先证四边形BFDE是平行四边形,再由EMNF得证.
10.提示:先证四边形AFCE、四边形BFDE是平行四边形,再由GE∥FH,GF∥EH得证. 11.提示:先证四边形EBFD是平行四边形,再由EPQF得证.
12.提示:先证四边形EBFD是平行四边形,再证△REA≌△SFC,既而得到RESF. 13.提示:连结BF,DE,证四边形BEDF是平行四边形. 14.提示:证四边形AFCE是平行四边形.
15.提示:(1)DF与AE互相平分;(2)连结DE,AF.证明四边形ADEF是平行四边形. 16.可拼成6个不同的四边形,其中有三个是平行四边形.拼成的四边形分别如下:
测试4平行四边形的判定(二)1.平行四边形. 2.18. 3.2. 4.3. 5.平行四边形. 6.C. 7.D. 8.D. 9.C. 10.A. 11.B. 12.(1)BF(或DF);(2)BF=DE(或BE=DF);
(3)提示:连结DF(或BF),证四边形DEBF是平行四边形. 13.提示:D是BC的中点. 14.DE+DF=10 15.提示:(1)∵△ABC为等边三角形,∴AC=CB,∠ACD=∠CBF=60°.
又∵CD=BF,∴△ACD≌△CBF.
(2)∵△ACD≌△CBF,∴AD=CF,∠CAD=∠BCF.
∵△AED为等边三角形,∴∠ADE=60°,且AD=DE.∴FC=DE. ∵∠EDB+60°=∠BDA=∠CAD+∠ACD=∠BCF+60°,∴∠EDB=∠BCF.∴ED∥FC.
∵EDFC,∴四边形CDEF为平行四边形.16.(1)y11;(2)A(,2);(3)P1(-1.5,-2),P2(-2.5,-2)或P3 x2(2.5,2).
17.(1)m=3,k=12;
(2)y22x2或yx2.33测试5平行四边形的性质与判定
1.60°,120°,60°,120°. 2.45°,135°,45°,135°. 3.90°. 4.10cm<x<22cm. 5.33.36 53222227.153 提示:作CE⊥BD于E,设OE=x,则BE+CE=BC,得(x+5)+(3x)7.解出x.S26.72.提示:作DE∥AM交BC延长线于E,作DF⊥BE于F,可得△BDE是直角三角形,DF□=2S△BCD=BD³CE=153.8.7. 9.=.提示:连结BM,DN.
10.(1)提示:先证∠E=∠F;(2)EC+FC=2a+2b. 11.提示:过E点作EM∥BC,交DC于M,证△AEB≌△AEM. 12.提示:先证DC=AF.
13.提示:连接DE,先证△ADE是等边三角形,进而证明∠ADB=90°,∠ABD=30°.
14.(1)设正比例函数解析式为y=kx,将点M(-2,-1)坐标代入得k1,所以正比例函数解析式为221x,同样可得,反比例函数解析式为y; 2x11(2)当点Q在直线MO上运动时,设点Q的坐标为Q(m,m),于是S△OBQ=
221112112|OB²BQ|=²m²m=m而SOAP=|(-1)(-2)|=1,所以有,m1,42242y解得m=±2所以点Q的坐标为Q1(2,1)和Q2(-2,-1);
(3)因为四边形OPCQ是平行四边形,所以OP=CQ,OQ=PC,而点P(-1,-2)是定点,所以OP的长也是定长,所以要求平行四边形OPCQ周长的最小值就只需求OQ的最小值. 因为点Q在第一象限中双曲线上,所以可设点Q的坐标Q(n,2),n42
2=(n-)+4,n2n2222所以当(n-)=0即n-=0时,OQ有最小值4,nn由勾股定理可得OQ=n+22又因为OQ为正值,所以OQ与OQ2同时取得最小值,所以OQ有最小值2.由勾股定理得OP=5,所以平行四边形OPCQ周长的最小值是2(OP+OQ)=2(5+2)=25+4.
测试6 三角形的中位线
1.(1)中点的线段;(2)平行于三角形的,第三边的一半. 2.16,64³(1n-1). 3.18. 24.提示:可连结BD(或AC). 5.略.
6.连结BE,CE AB□ABECBF=FC.□ABCDAO=OC,∴AB=2OF. 7.提示:取BE的中点P,证明四边形EFPC是平行四边形.
8.提示:连结AC,取AC的中点M,再分别连结ME、MF,可得EM=FM. 9.ED=1,提示:延长BE,交AC于F点.
10.提示:AP=AQ,取BC的中点H,连接MH,NH.证明△MHN是等腰三角形,进而证明∠APQ=∠AQP. 测试7 矩形
1.(1)有一个角是直角;(2)都是直角,相等,经过对边中点的直线;(3)平行四边形;对角线相等;三个角. 2.5,53. 3.3413 4.60°. 5. 266.C. 7.B. 8.B. 9.D.
10.(1)提示:先证OA=OB,推出AC=BD;(2)提示:证△BOE≌△COF. 11.(1)略;(2)四边形ADCF是矩形. 12.7.5.
13.提示:证明△BFE≌△CED,从而BE=DC=AB,∴∠BAE=45°,可得AE平分∠BAD. 14.提示:(1)取DC的中点E,连接AE,BE,通过计算可得AE=AB,进而得到EB平分 ∠AEC.
(2)①通过计算可得∠BEF=∠BFE=30°,又∵BE=AB=2
∴AB=BE=BF:
②旋转角度为120°. 测试8 菱 形 1.一组邻边相等.
2.所有性质,都相等;互相垂直,平分一组对角;底乘以高的一半或两条对角线之积的一半;对角线所在的直线. 3.平行四边形;相等,互相垂直. 4.103.5.20,24. 6.C. 7.C. 8.B. 9.D. 10.C. 11.120°;(2)83. 12.2.
13.(1)略;(2)四边形BFDE是菱形,证明略. 14.(1)略;(2)△ABC是Rt△.
15.(1)略;(2)略;(3)当旋转角是45°时,四边形BEDF是菱形,证明略. 16.(1)略;(2)△BEF是等边三角形,证明略.
(3)提示:∵3≤△BEF的边长<2 34(3)2S34(2)2 343S3.17.略. 18.(3n12).测试9 正方形
1.相等、直角、矩形、菱形.
2.是直角;相等、对边平行,邻边垂直;相等、垂直平分、一组,四. 3.(1)有一组邻边相等,并且有一个角是直角;(2)有一组邻边相等.(3)有一个角是直角.
4.互相垂直、平分且相等. 5.2a,2∶1. 6.112.5°,82cm
2;7.5cm.
8.B. 9.B.
10.55°. 提示:过D点作DF∥NM,交BC于F. 11.提示:连结AF.
12.提示:连结CH,DH=3. 13.提示:连结BP.
14.(1)证明:△ADQ≌△ABQ;
(2)以A为原点建立如图所示的直角坐标系,过点Q作QE⊥y轴于点E,QF⊥x轴于点F.
1184AD³QE=S正方形ABCD= ∴QE=
3263∵点Q在正方形对角线AC上 ∴Q点的坐标为(,∴过点D(0,4),Q(,44)3344)两点的函数关系式为:y=-2x+4,当y=0时,x=2,即P运动到AB331中点时,△ADQ的面积是正方形ABCD面积的;
6(3)若△ADQ是等腰三角形,则有QD=QA或DA=DQ或AQ=AD
①当点P运动到与点B重合时,由四边形ABCD是正方形知 QD=QA此时△ADQ是等腰三角形; ②当点P与点C重合时,点Q与点C也重合,此时DA=DQ,△ADQ是等腰三角形; ③如图,设点P在BC边上运动到CP=x时,有AD=AQ ∵AD∥BC ∴∠ADQ=∠CPQ.
又∵∠AQD=∠CQP,∠ADQ=∠AQD,∴∠CQP=∠CPQ. ∴CQ=CP=x.
∵AC=42,AQ=AD=4. ∴x=CQ=AC-AQ=42-4.
即当CP=42-4时,△ADQ是等腰三角形. 测试10 梯形(一)1.不平行,长短,梯形的腰,距离,直角梯形,相等. 2.同一底边上,相等,相等,经过上、下底中点的直线. 3.两腰相等,相等.
4.45. 5.7cm. 6.3.7.C. 8.B. 9.A.
10.提示:证△AEB≌△CAD. 11.(1)略;(2)CD=10. 12.3.13.(1)提示:证EN=FN=FM=EM;
(2)提示:连结MN,证它是梯形的高.结论是MN12BC.14.(1)①=30°,AD=1; ②=60°,AD32;(2)略. 测试11 梯形(二)1.(1)作一腰的平行线;(2)作另一底边的垂线;(3)作对角线的平行线;(4)交于一点;(5)对称中心;(6)对称轴.
2.60°. 3.3; 4.12.
5.A. 6.A. 7.B.
8.60°.提示:过D点作DE∥AC,交BC延长线于E点.
32.11.10.2112.方法1:取BM(ab).连接AM,AM将梯形ABCD分成面积相等的两部分.
29.843.10.
方法2:(1)取DC的中点G,过G作EF∥AB,交BC于点F,交AD的延长线于点E.(2)连接AF,BE相交于点O.
(3)过O任作直线MN与AD,BC相交于点M,N,沿MN剪一刀即把梯形ABCD分成面积相等的两部分.
13.(1)证明:分别过点C,D作CG⊥AB,DH⊥AB.垂足为G,H,如图1,则∠CGA=
∠DHB=90°.
图1 ∴CG∥DH
∵△ABC与△ABD的面积相等 ∴CG=DH
∴四边形CGHD为平行四边形 ∴AB∥CD.(2)①证明:连结MF,如图2,NE设点M的坐标为(x1,y1),点N的坐标为(x2,y2),∵点M,N在反比例函数yk(k0)的图象上,x
图2 ∴x1y1=k,x2y2=k. ∵ME⊥y轴,NF⊥x轴,∴OE=y1,OF=x2.
∴S1△EFM=2x=11y12k. ∴S12x1△EFN=2y2=2k.
∴S△EFM=S△EEN.
由(1)中的结论可知:MN∥EF. ②如图3所示,MN∥EF.
图3 图3 34
参考答案
第十九章 四边形全章测试
1.D. 2.B. 3.D. 4.B. 5.C. 6.45. 7.13.8.(22,2).9.13.10.52n 11.略. 12.BF=AE;证明提示:△BAE≌△CFB. 13.(1)略;(2)菱形. 14.提示:连结EH,HG,GF,FE
15.(1)90°;(2)提示:延长AE与BC延长线交于点G,证明△AFG是等腰三角形; 16.(1)菱形;
(2)菱形,提示:连结CB,AD;证明CB=AD;
(3)如图,正方形,提示:连结CB、AD,证明△APD≌△CPB,从而得出AD=CB,∠DAP=∠BCP,进而得到CB⊥AD.
第二篇:湖北省武汉为明实验学校八年级历史下册 第17课《科学技术的成就》学案(一)
第17课《科学技术的成就》学案
(一)一、课前自评:
1.新中国成立后,美国对华政策经历了由封锁、威胁、孤立到关系正常化的转变,导致这种转变的直接原因是()
A.中国国际地位的提高 B.中国综合国力的增强
C.中国提出了和平共处五项原则 D.在美苏争霸中,美国处于守势
2.2001年亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议的主题除了“新世纪、新挑战:参与、合作”外,还有()A.共同发展 B.和平与发展 C.促进共同繁荣 D.稳定与团结 3.新中国成立以来,第一个访问中国的美国代表团是()
A.美国总统尼克松访华代表团 B.美国乒乓球队 C.美国橄榄球队 D.美国芭蕾舞团 4.新中国外交能取得举世瞩目成就的主要原因是()
A.国民经济的发展 B.综合国力的增强 C.外交政策的成熟 D.国际形势的变化 5.“APEC”指的是()
A.欧盟 B.海峡两岸关系协会 C.世界贸易组织 D.亚太经合组织 6.目前,与中国建交的国家已达()
A.140多个 B.160多个 C.180多个 D.200多个
7.2002年,中华大地掀起了“唐装”热,色彩靓丽的唐装成为街头巷尾一道美丽的风景线,你知道这一景象与下面哪次会议有关()
A.云南世博会 B.上海亚太经合组织会议
C.海南博鳌亚洲论坛 D.“上海合作组织”成员国元首会议
二、自学导学
(一)“两弹一星”:(原子弹、导弹、人造卫星)
1、原子弹:______年____月____日,第一颗_________爆炸成功。影响:原子弹的爆炸成功,加强了___________________,也打破了________________________,对__________________具有重要意义。
2、导弹:______年____月,我国设计的 _____________导弹试飞成功;______年____月,中近程地地导弹携带的核弹头在预定地点上空爆炸,标志着我国有了可用于实战的导弹核武器。
3、卫星:______年,我国用________________火箭,成功地发射了第一颗人造卫星--------“________________”,成为世界上第____个能独立发射人造地球卫星的国家。(“一箭多星”技术和发射返回式卫星。)
4、______年,我国成功发射第一艘无人飞船“____________”;______年,我国第一艘载人飞船“____________”往返成功。
(二)籼型杂交水稻:
_______经过多次杂交试验和筛选,于______年在世界上首次育成_________,比普通水稻增产20%以上,被称为“_____________”;他又在实践中提出了__________________,实现了______________________________,被国际农学界誉为“__________________”。
三、课堂研讨
1、建国后,我国科技迅速发展的原因是什么?
四、当堂检测
1.1970年4月,我国用运载火箭将中国第一颗人造地球卫星顺利送人太空轨道,它标志着中国人民成功掌握了人造卫星的空间技术。这第一颗人造地球卫星是()A.长征一号 B.东方红1号 C.神舟一号 D.嫦娥一号 2.新中国著名科学家袁隆平的突出贡献是()
A.建立了新的地质力学的理论和方法 B.主持设计武汉长江大桥 C.成功地培育了籼型杂交水稻 D.领导了我国“两弹一星”的研制和实验 3.我们现在通常说的“两弹一星”指的是()
A.原子弹、氢弹、人造地球卫星 B.原子弹、氢弹、实用通信卫星 C.原子弹、导弹、人造地球卫星 D.导弹、氢弹、返回式卫星 4.下列哪一项不是中国第一颗原子弹爆炸成功的意义()A.加强了我国的国防力量 B.打破了帝国主义的核垄断
C.对维护世界和平具有重要意义 D.可以对不满中国的国家使用核武器
5.身居海外,但抛弃了名誉、地位和优裕的物质生活,回国后为祖国科技发展和建设作出了杰出贡献的科学家有()
①陈景润②钱学森③袁隆平④华罗庚 A.②④ B.①②③ C.①③④ D.①②④
第三篇:湖北省武汉为明实验学校2013-2014学年八年级历史上学期期末考试试题
湖北省武汉为明实验学校2013-2014学年八年级上学期期末考试历
史试题(无答案)新人教版
一、选择题(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。每小题只有一个正确选项,请你把正确的答案填入下面的表格中)
2.“大将筹边尚未还,湖湘子弟满天山。新载杨柳三千里,引得春风玉门关。”所反 映的史实是()
A.左宗棠收复新疆
B.阿古柏入侵新疆
C.英国侵占新疆地区
3.在山东刘公岛有一座甲午战争纪念馆,如果你是一名解说员,你将向参观的人们 介绍哪些内容()
①林则徐率军抵抗英军②邓世昌为国捐躯③北洋舰队全军覆没④甲午中日战争是近代日本侵华的重要组成部分
A.①②③B.①③④C.②③④
4.对下面年代尺中提供的时间,解读最准确的是()
A.中国近代化的进程
B.中国半殖民地半封建社会逐渐形成和瓦解的历史
C.中国一步步沦为半殖民地半封建杜会的历程
5.“上海轮船招商局创立三年内,外轮就损失了一千三百万两,湖北官办织布局开办后,江南海关每年洋布进口减少10万匹。”这说明洋务运动()
A.能使中国走上富强道路
B.对外国经济势力的扩张起了一些抵制作用
C.培养了一批技术人员和科技人才
6.梁启超说:“近五十年来,中国人渐渐知道自己的不足了,„„第一期,先从机器上感觉不足;第二期是从制度上感觉不足,„„第三期便从文化根本上感觉不足。”你知道中国
近代与第二期有关的重大历史事件是什么吗?()
A.戊戌变法B.新文化运动C.五四运动
7.与下图有关的历史事件是
A.戊戌变法B.辛亥革命C.新文化运动
8.在历史知识竞赛课上,主持人刚说完:“这是中国共产党在上海召开的一次全国代表大会,参加会议的代表人数虽然不多,但这次会议的召开,预示着中国革命的面貌焕然一新。”李明就知道了问题的正确答案,这一问题的正确答案应该是()
A.党的一大B.党的二大C.党的七大
9.从国民革命失败的惨痛教训中,中国共产党认识到的首要问题是()
A.必须团结广大农民群众
B.中国革命的中心在农村
C.“枪杆子里出政权”
10.预示着全民族联合抗日新局面到来的历史事件是()
A.红军长征的结束
B.九一八事变后
C.西安事变的和平解决
11.下列事件不是发生在1946年的有①日本投降②重庆谈判③内战全面爆发④挺..
进大别山()
A.①②③④B.③C.①②④
12.1949年的美国《生活》杂志刊登了一幅解放军解放上海后,很多战士睡在马路边上的照
片,照片标题是“国民党统治时代结束了!”下面叙述中,对这句话的理解最准确的是()
A.上海是最后一座被解放的城市
B.解放军的行动赢得民心,国民党统治必然被推翻
C.上海解放标志着国民党统治被推翻
13.中国近代民族工业在行业和地区分布上具备的特点是()
A.轻工业部门集中于东南沿海地区
B.重工业部门集中于沿海、沿江大城市
C.轻工业部门集中于沿海、沿江大城市
14.下列关于中国近代社会生活的变化,说法正确的是()
A.照相机已经成为人们生活中常见的物品
B.妇女被禁止缠足
C.各地人们可以方便地看到电影和报纸
15.创办右图中的学校是在()
A.洋务运动期间
B.戊戌变法期间
C.辛亥革命期间
二、非选择题
16.阅读材料,回答问题。(5分)2011年10月.10日,我们迎来了辛亥革命100周年这个伟大的日子。1911年10月10
日,农历辛亥年八月十九日,一个普通却又极不平凡的日子,就在这一天,一场席卷中国大地的变革由此开始,一个民族的伟大复兴由此开端。
材料一:
材料二:对于许多未经过帝王之治的青年,辛亥革命的政治意义是常被过低估计的。这
并不奇怪,因为他们没看到推翻几千年因袭下来的专制政体是多么不易的一件事。
——林伯渠语(转引自金冲及《二十世纪中国史纲》)
(1)材料一图中人物是谁?(1分)为领导辛亥革命,该人物提出的指导思想是什么?(1分)
(2)辛亥革命的“第一枪”是在哪里打响的?(1分)
(3)根据材料二,说明辛亥革命取得的最为突出的成就。(2分)
17.阅读材料,回答问题。(5分)
百年积弱叹华夏,八载干戈仗延安。
试问九州谁作主?万众瞩目清凉山。——陈毅贺“七大”闭幕
(2)中共七大是何时召开的?(1分)大会制定了怎样的政治路线?(1分)
(3)大会有什么重要的历史意义?(1分)
第四篇:湖北省武汉为明实验学校七年级地理下册 巴西导学案(一)
巴西导学案
(一)【知识与能力目标】
1、运用地图和资料,认识巴西的位置范围和自然环境。
2、通过阅读资料和图片了解巴西 民族融合的缩影及拉美文化的特点。【情感态度目标】
通过本节课的学习,认识到殖民统治对一个国家政治、经济、文化的深远影响,树立正确的世界 观,人生观。
【重点】巴西的位置和自然环境;人种构成特征。【难点】巴西拉丁文化的形成过程及鲜明的文化特色。【学具准备】世界地图
【学法指导】自主学习、读图分析法、合作探究学习【学习过程】
一、预习导学
㈠走进巴西---了解巴西的概况
学生通过阅读89、90页图“巴西在世界中的位置图”和“巴西的地形图”,完成下列问题(1)位置 ①纬度位置:大部分位于A 和B 线之 间,带面积广大。②海陆位置:东临C 洋,陆上邻国众多。(2)地形:D平原、E 高原,面积均居世界第一位。(3)河流:世界第一大河F 河。
(4)气候类型:北部平原属于 气候,中南部高原以 气候为主。
二、㈡ 融入巴西---感受巴西复杂兼容的文化
学生读91页图“卞卡一家”和文字介绍,结合92页活动题2内容,完成下列内容。
学生质疑:(写出自学后不懂的内容或疑问)
『名师点拨』 巴西高原是世界上最大的高原,指的是面积;青藏高原是世界上最高的高原,指的是海拔。
三、课堂研讨
1.为什么说巴西是国土广大的热带国家?巴西的学校在几月份放暑假? 2.读91页图9.20”卞卡一家 ”图片,卞卡的祖 父是非洲黑人,祖母是欧洲白人,妈妈是印第安人,这些人种和民族为什么 会生活在拉丁美洲? 3.阅读92页活动题2的三幅图片,思考A B C分别展示了哪一项文体活动?并说出每一项活动的发源地在哪?
老师质疑:为什么其它大洲的文体活动会出现在巴西?这是受什么影响?
任务:
1、思考题:巴西有哪些自然条件适于发展农业?巴西大部分地区在哪个热量带上?
2、结合我们以前学过的非洲、东南亚的知识,你觉得巴西能够种植哪些作物?
3、根据你日常生活的经验,巴西的咖啡是自给自足,还是远销世界各地?
4、巴西的哪种自然资源可以作为发展工业的原料?
二、分析巴西的气候
根据巴西的纬度、海陆地形等特点,分析巴西的气候有何特点。
三、分析巴西的农业生产和热带雨林的保护
1、根据巴西的纬度位置和气候特点,你认为巴西适宜栽种哪些农作物?
四、能力提升
1、印第安人的种植业文明为我们今天提供的农作物是()
A、玉米、马铃薯 B、茶叶、棉花 C、咖啡、蔗糖 D、小麦、剑麻
2、世界上水量最大、流域面积最广的河流是()
A、尼罗河 B、亚马孙河 C、长江 D、密西西比河
3、巴西的地形主要为()
A、平原和丘陵 B、高原和山地 C、平原和高原 D、高原和盆地
4、“古老的玛雅文明、大量的混血人种、热情洋溢的桑巴舞、通宵达旦的狂欢节、世界一流的足球队。。”这个令人向往的国家是()
A、意大利 B、阿根廷 C、巴西 D、埃及
5、“到巴西旅游,我终身难忘!李明从巴西回来逢人便说。他为什么对这次旅游记忆如此深刻难忘呢?下面是他的回答,其中有一名完全是编造的,请找出来()A、在巴西我见到了混血儿
B、二月下旬我赶上了盛大的狂欢节
C、在圣保罗街头我见到了比哈尔滨规模还大的冰雕艺术 D、和巴西孩子一起踢足球,使我球技大增
第五篇:湖北省武汉为明实验学校中考英语阅读理解训练题(中秋作业)
湖北省武汉为明实验学校中考英语阅读理解训练题(中秋作业)人教新目
标版
一、中考英语阅读理解·“老”字趣谈
每个国家都有各自的文化习惯,而这种文化上的差异往往会引起一定的误会,不过只要熟悉对方的风俗习惯做到入乡随俗,一切就OK啦!
When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture.One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬)elders.Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant.One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly.I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly.As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure.My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感)Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”.I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife.After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.In my village in China, people are proud of being old.Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience.Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well.Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young.When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young.I had told them something they didn’t want to hear.After that, I changed the way I had been with older people.It is not that I don’t respect them any more;I still respect them, but now I don’t show my feelings through words.By Jack 根据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1.Jack brought the couple their food very fast because _______.A.the manager asked him to do so
B.he respected the elderly C.the couple wanted him to do so
D.he wanted more pay 2.When Jack called the couple “elderly”, they became _______.A.nervous B.satisfied C.unhappy D.excited 3.In Jack’s hometown, _______.A.people dislike being called “old” B.people are proud of being old C.many people reach the age of seventy or eighty D.the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants 4.After this experience, Jack _______.1
A.lost his job in the restaurant B.made friends with the couple C.no longer respected the elderly D.changed his way with older people 5.Which of the following is TRUE? A.The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.B.Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.C.The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.D.From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.二、中考英语阅读理解·Jean的网友 QQ聊天对我们来说并不陌生,但是该不该完全相信网友呢?我们究竟该以怎样的心态对待网络呢?让我们来看看本文主人公与网友的奇遇吧!
Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family.She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy.Well, almost everything.The problem is that the people in Jean’s family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her.In fact, Jean is quite lonely.So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ.She likes being anonymous(匿名), talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life.She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ.His name was David and lived in San Francisco.David was full of stories and jokes.He and Jean had a common(共同的)interest in rock music and modern dance.So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time.Of course, they wanted to know more about each other.David sent a picture of himself: He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile.As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.When Jean’s father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday.She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer.But when she knocked on David’s door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!根据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1.Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is _______.A.rich B.famous C.young D.lonely 2.Jean thought “David” was special because he _______.A.made her quite happy on QQ B.was from San Francisco C.sent her a picture of himself D.was tall and good-looking 3.When Jean and “David” met and introduced themselves to each other, who felt surprised? A.“David”.B.Both “David” and Jean.C.Jean.D.Neither “David” nor Jean.4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Don’t believe those you get to know on QQ so easily.B.People don’t use their real names on QQ so often.C.Don’t go to meet those you get to know on QQ.D.People should tell their real names to others on QQ.三、中考英语阅读·一辈子的朋友
朋友与你相互嬉闹,朋友与你互掏腰包;朋友与你互相惦记,朋友与你心有灵犀;朋友与你有苦共担,朋友与有乐同欢„„请读读这篇真挚的友情故事。
Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had.We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away.Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding(婚礼)and Linda’s.Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often.One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address(地址)Unknown.” I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much.I wanted to share(分享)happiness of my children and then grandchildren.And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died.There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name.“There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but J still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter.“Mrs Tobin!” she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.”
Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives.Now the empty place in my heart is filled.And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!根据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans _______.A.at the age of 13 B.before she got married C.after they moved to new homes D.before the writer’s family moved away 2.They didn’t often write to each other because they _______.A.got married B.had little time to do so C.didn’t like writing letters D.could see each other on special time 3.There was an empty place in the writer’s heart because she _______.A.was in trouble B.didn’t know Linda’s address C.received the card that she sent D.didn’t have a friend like Linda to share her happiness or sadness 4.The writer was happy when she _______.A.read the newspaper B.heard Linda’s voice on the phone C.met a young woman who looked a lot like Linda D.wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman 5.They haven’t kept in touch _______.A.for about 40 years B.for about 27 years 3
C.since they got married D.since the writer’s family moved away
四、中考英语幽默阅读·看病
每天都有很多人被病痛折磨着,但有些病却是因为一些不必要的担忧,正如本文中的tailor一样,威吓不少一点忧心,让自己健康快乐一点呢?
A man went to see his doctor one day, because he was suffering from pains in his stomach.After the doctor had examined him carefully, he said to him, “Well, there’s nothing really wrong with you, I’m glad to say.Your only trouble is that you worry too much.Do you know, I had a man with the same trouble as you here a few weeks ago, and I gave him the same advice as I am going to give you.He was worried because he couldn’t pay his tailor’s bills.I told him not to worry about the bills any more.He took my advice and when he came to see me again two days ago, he told me that he now felt quite all right again.” “Yes, I know all about that,” answered the patient sadly.“You see, I’m that man’s tailor!”
根据以上短文内容判断正误,正确的用“T”表示,错误的用“F”表示。
1.The tailor went to see his doctor because he has got a headache.2.There is nothing serious with the tailor.3.A man with the same trouble as the tailor a few days ago.4.The doctor gave the man and the tailor the same advice.5.The tailor was worried because a man couldn’t pay his bills.五、中考英语阅读理解----母爱
慈母手中线,游子身上衣,谁言寸草心,报得三春晖。母爱是世界上最伟大、最无私的,她宽容大度,她不求回报,她为子女付出很多很多„„
I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters.Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the more wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk,” she’d said again, “it’s for Elizabeth.”
I never saw her angry, never saw her cry.I knew she loved me;she showed it in action.But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened.And a gulf opened between us.I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”.But she lived “on the surface(表面)”.As years passed I had my own family.I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive(原谅)me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment(失望), then little interest and, finally, peace— it seemed that nothing happened.I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.4
Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work.I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside —a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded(折叠)and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose.Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
1.The writer began to love her mother’s desk ______.A.after Mother died
B.before she became a writer C.when she was a child D.when Mother gave it to her 2.The passage shows that ______.A.mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter B.mother was too serious about everything her daughter had done C.mother cared much about her daughter in words D.mother wrote to her daughter in careful words 3.The word “gulf” in the passage means ______.A.deep understanding between the old and the young B.different ideas between the mother and the daughter C.free talks between mother and daughter D.part of the sea going far in land 4.What did mother do with her daughter’s letter asking forgiveness? A.She had never received the letter.B.For years, she often talked about the letter.C.She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in all her life.D.She read the letter again and again till she died.5.What’s the best title of the passage?
A.My letter to Mother B.Mother and Children C.My mother’s Desk D.Talks between Mother and Me
六、中考英语阅读理解·顾此失彼
许多年前,农民为保护他们的鸡而猎杀了很多老鹰。然而新的问题来了,田里的田鼠猖狂了起来,结果农民的庄稼大多给吃光了。这是怎么回事呢?看看下文你就知道了,但一定要记住:It is important for us to keep the balance of nature.Not many years ago, some farmers were worried because hawks were taking many of their chicken.The farmers didn’t know what to do.Finally they went to the country officials and asked for help.“Kill the hawks,” the officials said, “We will even pay for them,” so the farmers began to think of ways to kill the hawks.The farmers killed many hawks.They no longer had to worry about their chickens.But they now had a new worry.Field mice were eating up a lot of the farmers’ grain.How did this happen? Hawks eat not only chickens but also field mice.They eat more field mice than chickens.But the farmers didn’t know this.When they killed a lot of hawks, they changed the balance.When people move into a new place, they often destroy many wild plants.Often these plants are food for the animals.If the animals can’t find enough plants to eat, they will starve or have to leave the place.5
In one part of the USA, for example the deer there like to eat a certain kind of wild roses.The mountain lions there eat the deer.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses doesn’t change much if people leave things as they are.But people killed many mountain lions in order to protect the deer.Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.Then the deer began to eat the green leaves of young trees.These trees were important to the farmers.So the farmers thought of ways to protect their trees.Now the deer had nothing to eat, and many of them died.This was another lesson from nature.To keep the balance of nature is important for us to remember.根据以上短文内容判断正误,正确的用“T”表示,错误的用“F”表示。1.Finally the officials told the farmers to kill the hawks.2.Field mice eat not only chickens but also the farmers’ grain.3.When the animals can’t find enough plants to eat in a place, they will starve or have to leave.4.The number of animals changes much if people leave things as they are.5.It is important for us to keep the balance of nature.七、中考英语阅读理解·幽默故事
学习不用功可能挨老师的批评,考试不及格可能被父母打屁股,但你听说过有学习不用功要被钉死在十字架上的吗?本文中的Little Tommy就是这样想的。
Little Tommy was doing very badly in math.His parents had tried everything—tutors(家庭教师), cards, special learning centers—in short, everything they could think of.Finally they took Tommy to a catholic(天主教的)school.After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face.He didn’t kiss his mother hello.Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying.Books and papers were spread(铺开)out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work.His mother was surprised.She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, without a word.In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before.This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening.Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card.He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books.His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math.She could no longer hold her curiosity(好奇心).She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns(修女)?”
Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No.” “Well then,” she asked again.“WHAT was it?”
Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed(钉)to the plus sign(加号), I knew they weren’t joking.”
根据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.Why did Tommy’s parents send him to a catholic school?
A.Because he could eat well there.B.Because he could earn more about nuns.C.Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math.D.Because his parents didn’t want him to learn math any more.2.Tommy’s mother felt surprised that his son _______.A.was still the same as usual B.ate so much at dinner 6
C.kissed her hello after school D.worked hard but said little 3.“Hitting the books” means “_______” in Chinese.A.用功 B.捶书 C.发泄 D.振作
4.The last sentence in the passage shows that _______.A.Tommy felt sorry for the mail B.Tommy was afraid of being nailed C.Tommy didn’t like the plus sign D.Tommy liked playing jokes on others 5.From the passage, we can infer(推断)that _______.A.teachers should be strict with their students B.mistaking(误解)might do good sometimes C.a catholic school is much better than other ones D.nuns are good at helping children with their math
八、中考英语阅读理解 拾金不昧
捡钱不还虽可享用一时,但良心会一辈子不安;拾金不昧虽有点一时不忍,但那种感觉将会worth more than anything could buy。
I worked for a short time as a cashier(出纳员)at a restaurant a few months ago.I also helped to clean up the tables when it was very busy.One night, just before Christmas, I found a large black wallet on the floor near one of the tables.I guessed I should check it to find out who was the owner, but I was very busy at the time.And I imagined that if there was something valuable(有价值的)in the wallet, the owner would be back.Sure enough, an hour later a man came up to the counter and asked if anyone had found a wallet.I asked him to describe the lost wallet, and after he described it exactly, I gave him the wallet.He expressed his thanks when I handed it to him.He asked me if I had opened it, and when I told him “no”.At once he opened it and showed that it had nearly $ 800 in cash(现金).He took out a twenty-dollar bill and handed it to me and I was amazed at this.“A reward(酬劳)for your honesty,” he said and then turned and walked away.Thinking about it later, I began wondering whether I would have been honest if I had known what was in the wallet!I thought that if I had no way to find the owner and no one returned to get it, I might keep it.But it also came into my mind that I actually saved someone’s Christmas plans by finding and returning the wallet.The good feeling it gave me was worth more than anything could buy.根据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.Which of the following is true? A.The owner of the wallet found a twenty-dollar bill gone.B.The writer wasn’t surprised when the man gave her a reward.C.Nothing in the wallet was missing.D.The man was very, very excited when he got his wallet back.2.The writer returned the wallet to the owner because _______.A.she thought Christmas was coming B.the owner came back too soon C.she didn’t know there was so much money in it
D.as an honest person, she didn’t care much about money 3.Which of the following is NOT true? A.The writer accepted a reward of $ 20.B.The writer regretted(后悔)that she had returned the wallet.C.The writer didn’t return the wallet until the owner came back.D.The writer fell very happy after she returned the wallet.九、中考英语阅读理解·顽童的承诺
兄弟可以相依相伴,可以同甘共苦,也可以为彼此付出一切„„请读读这篇感人的兄弟情的故事吧!
A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present.On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin(顽童)was walking around the shining car.“Is this your car, sir?” he asked.Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised.“You mean your brother gave it to you and it did cost you nothing? Sir, I wish„” He hesitated(犹豫).Paul thought of course he knew what the boy wanted, but what the boy said surprised him greatly.“I wish,” the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, and then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in my car?” “Oh yes, I’d love to,” the boy answered.After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, “Sir, would you mind driving in front of my house?”
Paul smiled a little.He thought he knew what the boy wanted.He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car.But Paul was wrong again.“Will you stop where those two steps are?” the boy asked.He ran up to the steps.Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast.He was carrying his little crippled(残疾的)brother.He sat down on the step and pointed to the car.“There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs.His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn’t cost him a cent.And some day I’m going to give you one just like it„then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I’ve been trying to tell you about.”
Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car.The shining-eyed elder brother climbed in beside him and the three began an unforgettable holiday ride.根据以上短文内容,然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1.The street urchin was very surprised when _______.A.he met Paul B.Paul told him about the car C.Paul received an expensive car D.he was walking around the car 2.From the story we can see the urchin _______.A.wished to give his brother a car B.wanted Paul’s brother to give him a car C.wished he could have a brother like Paul’s D.wished Paul could be a brother like that 3.The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ______.8
A.to show he had a rich friend B.to show his neighbors the big car C.to let his brother ride in the car D.to tell his brother about his wish 4.We can find from the story that _______.A.the urchin wished Paul to give his car to Buddy B.the urchin wished to have a rich brother C.the urchin had a deep love for his brother D.the urchin’s wish came true in the end 5.The best name of the story is _______.A.A Christmas Present B.Paul, a Kind-hearted Person C.A Brother Like That D.An Unforgettable Holiday Ride