蒋军虎课程笔记

第一篇：蒋军虎课程笔记

2012年11月3日清华经管蒋军虎课程笔记

一． 题型分析

1.完型填空

a.20题，每题0.5分，共计10分

b.鸡胁题型，性价比不高

c.总分少，题量大，时间花得多

d.建议：先做其他，最后做完型填空

2.阅读理解A

a.4篇文章，每篇5题，每题2分，共计40分

b.建议：通过精读80篇熟悉问题类型，达到30分左右目标

3.阅读理解B

a.新题型：信息匹配

a.7选5

b.难度低，送分题

c.不要通读，要寻读，查读

d.如果有可能，使用词性进行判断，帮助寻找答案

e.如无可能使用词性，则寻找关键词，回文章进行定位寻找答案 b.新题型：段落标题匹配

a)7选5

b)难度低，送分题

c)不需要读文章第一段，如果有最后一段总结也无需读

d)注意标题是概括标题的后面一段

e)先读七个标题，然后寻找关键词或大意。

4.翻译

a.不要畏难，把知道的词翻译出来，尽可能使句子通顺

b.练习方法：精读3年内的英语二真题，每份卷子9篇文章，进行翻译

5.写作

a.小作文，小作文为应用文，要写到120字左右，类型可能为书信，备

忘录，报告等，准备以书信为主，兼顾其它。

b.大作文，图表情景，图画情景，文字情景，准备以图表情景为主，兼

顾其他。要写到180字左右。

c.写作的性价比最高，想要过小分线的，需要在作文上进行突击。

二．小作文攻略

1.真题历史

10年，书信，感谢信+邀请信

11年，书信，祝贺信+建议信

12年，书信，投诉信

2.评分原则与标准

a.内容完整性与连贯性

b.语言的准确性与多样性

c.卷面整洁性

d.卷面规范性

3.书信作文的准备（10类）

a.建议信推荐信

b.求职信辞职信

c.感谢信道歉信

d.申请信/请求信邀请性

e.祝贺信投诉信

最可能出现的：建议信，求职信

历年英语一考试类型：

 05 辞职

 06 请求

 07 建议

 08 道歉

 09 建议

 10 通知

 11 道歉

 12 建议

4.书信格式

a.齐头式X

b.缩进式

5.书信的结构

a.HeadingX

b.Inside addressX

c.Salutation

d.Body

e.Signature

f.PostscriptX

g.AttachmentX

6.称呼(Salutation)

a.机构/组织

To whom it may concern,To those concerned,Dear Sir or Madam,b.朋友，熟人

Dear Judy,Dear Li Ming,c.具体身份的人

Dear Mr.Wang,Dear Editor,Dear President,Dear Professor,d.某一群体

Dear friends,7.Signature

a.位置：最行一行，中间靠右的位置

Yours faithfully,Yours truly,Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Truly yours,Faithfully yours,Li Ming

8.Body

a.Para 1

i.S1: 自我介绍（根据指令此句有可能省略）

ii.S2：表明写信的目的（备+借）

iii.备：提前准备好的固定句式，短句

iv.借：题目中的要求文字

b.Para 2

i.3句到5句话，最常用四句，最短3句，最长5句

ii.一般采用总分式结构，如果已在第一段中总述，则只需分述

部分

c.Para 3

i.2句到3句

ii.礼貌性收尾

iii.感谢，祝福，期待（备）

9.必备写作材料

a.备---《英语二高分作文老蒋笔记》

b.背（诵）

c.背（写）

d.仿（写）

e.改（修改）

10.审题意识（*****）

a.致信对象

b.书信性质

c.表达借用（借用指令，通常在第一段中借用）

11.例文

提纲：

 Para1

 S1：写信目的1，祝贺

 S2：写信目的2，建议

 Para2

 S1: 电脑

 S2: 英语

 S3: 沟通能力

 Para3

 S1: 期待采取建议

 S2: 祝福有多姿多彩大学生活

Dear Li Ming,I’m writing the letter for the purpose of congratulating you on being admitted to Sichuan

University.And I’d like to give you some suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.To begin with,(At the top of the list/First and foremost)it’s advisable for you to be equipped with some computer skills, considering that we are in a hi-tech era.In addition

(Moreover/Furthermore/What’s more), I would recommend that you should continue studying English in your spare time, which will lay a solid foundation for your future study aboard.Last but not the least(In the end/Finally/In the last place), emphasis should be put on

communication skills as well as academic achievements.I genuinely hope that you will take my advice into serious consideration.Wish you a splendid university life.Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei

Legend:

Blue: Frame sentencesRed: From questionsGreen: Prepared phrases.参考学习资料：

主要：《英语二真题老蒋详解》 Black: Your task

辅助：

写作：《高分作文》 阅读：《80篇》 真题学习要求：

a.b.c.d.自测（18分钟内）看解析，看视频 研读词，句，篇 英译汉 e.熟读文章

第二篇：蒋军虎英语作文(简洁版)

一、英文考试做题顺序

蒋军虎老师建议的做题顺序： 第一步，阅读

第二步，写作，小作文和大作文 第三步，翻译

第四步，完形填空。

顺序原因：一切围绕考分重点，即阅读和写作来投精力。完形填空作为时间的替补。

二、英文小作文通用要求和注意事项

1，格式规范：如作文标题，书信的开关及落款

2，书写整洁：阅卷规定，书写不清可以降低1档（3分左右）

3，虎头豹尾：作文的开头、结尾都要用事先准备好的范句，不可出错。前三句即决定成绩。4，避免明错：作文要用保险的方法，不要出明显差错，如时态，单复数，虚拟语气等。备注：

1，老师阅卷是将试卷扫描成电子版，在电子版上阅卷，所以不能写出界，否则扫描不上 2，小作文和大作文可以有重复的句子出现。因小作文和大作文是不同老师流水线改卷。

三、小作文种类 1，作文通用要求

MBA英语二的写作25分，分为：

A节：小作文，10分，种类：A1，应用文:书信，备忘录，报告，通知，便笺

字数要求100字，一定要大于100字 B节：大作文：15分，三类：

B1，文字情景作文，05，08，09，传统考法

B2，图表情景作文：考试年份：06，07，10，本年备考重点 B3，图画情景作文：考试年份：98，99，2008，2010，2，十种书信

2.1 书信通用要求:标准格式，142阵形

书信格式：要求采用缩进式，缩进可以4或8个字母 书信结构：

1，称呼顶格：个人：Dear Sir/Madam/Judy/Jack,(用逗号)机构：Dear Sir or Madam, /To whom it may concern, / To those concerned, 专业：Dear Mr.Wang, / Dear Professor Wang, / Dear Editor Wang, 2，正文缩进4字.通常分三段，句子数量：1，4，2，或1，5，2内容为： 首段：写信目的1句

中段：写信详情4或5句，通常1句总述，3到4句分述 尾段：收尾2句，S1：感谢看信，S2：期待回信 3，落款在右边：

Yours truly, / Yours faithfully,/ Yours sincerely, NAME 2.2求职信、申请信application letter/cover letter & Applying letter 1，outline：

P1【写信目的求职】P2【我有资质.教育背景.工作经验.自身素质】P3【感激面试.期待回应】 Para1, S1, writing the letter, purpose, applying for a position Para2,S1,my qualifications, meet your requirements

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S2,In the first place, major, in line with this job

S2,In the second, previous work experience, help lay a solid foundation

S3,Inaddition, a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn

S4,refer to my resume attached, for more details.Para3,S1,would appreciate it a lot, schedule an interview

S2,Looking forward, to your reply, at your earliest con-ven-ien-ce.3，Example 1：application letter Dear Sir or Madam, I’m writing this letter for the purpose of applying for the position [as posted in the newspaper].My qualifications, I believe, just amply meet your requirements.In the first place, my major, English, is perfectly in line with this job.In the second, my previous work experience [as a middle-school English teacher] has helped lay a solid foundation for the work here.In addition, I am a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.Please refer to my resume attached for more details.I would appreciate it a lot if you could schedule an interview for me.Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours truly，Li Ming Key words：

Application 申请；Apply 申请；Position 职位；Post 职位；Qualifications资质;Background: bachelor Master Doctor;work experience: solid foundation(良好的基础);team player, self-motivated, eager to learn(渴望学习)

4，Example 2: applying letter To whom it may concern, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of applying to be a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.My qualifications, I believe, just amply meet your requirements.In the first place, my specialty, English, is perfectly in agreement with the job.In the second, my previous work experiences as a social volunteer has helped lay a solid foundation for the work here.Moreover, I am a good team player, self-motivated, eager to learn.I would appreciate it a lot if you could schedule an interview for me.Looking forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.3推荐信recommendation letter 1, outline P1【写信目的推荐.在找工作】P2【符合要求.有经验.有素质.值得考虑】P3【感谢.期待回应】 Para1,S1,recommend to you S2, seek employment as a sales manager Para2,s1,amply meet your requirements S2, rich experiences, help lay a solid foundation S3,good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn

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S4, certain, deserve your consideration Para3,s1, pay due attention, s2, look forward, your reply, at your earliest con-ven-ien-ce 2, example Dear Judy, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of recommending to your Li Ming, one of my best collages.He is seeking employment as a sales manager in your company.As far as I know, his qualifications amply meet your requirements.In the first place, his rich experiences as a sales manager has helped lay a solid foundation for the work here.In the second, he is a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.Accordingly, I’m certain that he deserves your consideration.Thanks a lot for paying due attention to the letter.I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.4辞职信resignation letter 1, Outline: P1【写信目的辞职】P2【不合适.没挑战.低工资.要辞职】P3【谢机会.感sorry】 Para1, S1, resign from my current position Para2,S1,After several months of work, find it in-appro-priate, take the position,following reasons S2,expected the job to, be both challenging and rewards, turn out to be the opposite S3,salary, has proved to be a lot lower, you originally promised S4, As a result, make up my mind, to quit, after much de-libera-tion Para3,S1,having offered me, the golden oppor-tunity to work, with the outstanding staff here S2,I am sorry, for any in-con-ven-ience caused.2, Example: Dear Mr.Jack, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of resigning from my current position.After several months of work, I find it inappropriate for me to take the position [as an editor] for the following reasons.In the first place, I ever expected the job to be both challenging and rewards which has turned out to be the opposite.In the second, the salary has proved to be a lot lower than you originally promised and I have a large family to support.As a result, I’ve made up my mind to quit the job after much deliberation.Thanks a lot for having offered me the golden opportunity to work with the outstanding staff here.I sincerely hope you will approve of my resignation.I am genuinely sorry for any inconvenience caused.Yours truly，Li Ming Key words: Resignation 辞职，position 职位, inappropriate 不适合的;challenging 挑战的;offer 提供;golden opportunity 绝佳机会.After much deliberation 深思熟虑 2.5建议信suggestion letter/advice letter 1, outline: P1【写信目的建议】P2【情况危急.必须行动.公众意识.相关部门.大众媒体】P3【感谢.期待】 Para1, S1, convey my deepest concern，3 / 12

Para2,S1, must be pointed out, current situation, is going from bad to worse.S2, accordingly, it’s urgent, take effective measures.S3,enhance the public’s awareness of gravity of it.S4, appeal to, relevant department, set up stick regulations, against it S5, mass media, help devise ways, easing the bad trend Para3,S1,pay due attention S2, looking forward, see some new changes 2, Example 1: 宏观大建议 To whom it may concern, I am writing the letter for the purpose of conveying my deepest concern about the “White paper”.It must be pointed out that the current situation is going from bad to worse.Accordingly, it’s urgent for us to take effective measures.In the first place, we should enhance the public’s awareness of the gravity of it.In the second, we should appeal to the relevant department to set up strict regulations against it.[For example, changing more on the plastic bags].In addition, mass media should help devise ways of easing the bad trend.Thanks a lot for paying due attention to the letter.Looking forward to seeing some new changes in the society soon.Yours truly，Li Ming Key words: Deepest concern 最深切的关注；convey 表达；suggestion 建议;going bad to worse 变得更坏；effective measure 有效手段;enhance 加强;awareness 意识;help devise ways 想方设法;deteriorating 恶化

3, Example 2: 具体事件小建议 To Sir or Madam, I’m a student from the Department of Foreign Languages and I am writing the letter for the purpose of making some suggestions about the library’s service.It must be pointed out that the present situation is going from bad to worse.Accordingly, it’s imperative for us to take effective measures.To begin with, why not set up an inquiry desk at the circulation hall? In addition, the students should have access to the latest issues of foreign magazines.Finally, you’d better maintain strict order in the reading room.Thanks a lot for pay due attention to the letter.Looking forward to seeing some new changes in our library room.Yours truly，Li Ming.2.6感谢信thanks letter[2010 年真题，今年不太可能再考] 1, Outline Para1, S1, 写信目的：感谢,thanks Para2,S1,原因1：友好热情 S2，原因2：慷慨帮助 S3，原因3：友谊 S4，内容：感谢方式 Para3,S1，再次感谢 S2，祝福 Key words:Generous 慷慨的;2, Example

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Dear Judy, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of conveying my thanks for your warm reception [during my recent visit to your country].Your friendly warmth made it possible that I have a pleasant time in America.And it was your generous help that allowed me the chance to know the American culture better.In addition, I consider in an honor for me to make a friends of you.I hope that you would visit our country in due course so that I could enjoy the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.Please accept my sincere thanks.Wish you all the best.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.7祝贺信congratulation letter 1, Outline: P1【写信目的祝贺】P2【得来不易.激动.值得.鼓励.骄傲】P3【祝贺.期待】 Para1,S1,convey my sincere con-gratu-lations Para2,S1,how hard you’ve worked, to attain this goal.S2,imagine your excitement, realize such an ambition.S3, more deserving than you S4, real encouragement, to see your pains rewarded.Para3,S1, accept my sincere congratulations.S2, wish you still further success Key words: Excitement 激动;attain 取得;ambition 追求;deserve 值得 2, example Dear Judy, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of expressing my sincere congratulations on [your promotion to general manager of the company].I know how hard you’ve worked to attain this goal.Therefore, I can imagine your excitement when you realized such an ambition.Indeed, no one could have been more deserving than you.On the other hand, for me, it would be a real encouragement to see your pains rewarded.[ In short, I take great pride in your achievements].Please accept my sincere congratulations.I wish you still further success.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.8道歉信apology letter 1, outline P1【写信目的道歉】P2【道歉原因.道歉.解释，补救】P3【道歉.请求原谅】 Para1,S1,make a sincere apology, for my carelessness Para2,s1，S2, fell awfully sorry S3, try my best , as soon as possible Para3,s1, accept my heartfelt apology, S2, hope you can forgive, for my carelessness 2, example Dear Judy，5 / 12

I’m writing the letter for the purpose of making a sincere apology to you for my carelessness.When I arrived home, I found I had forgotten to return the music CD that you lent me.I fell awfully sorry for this.As I understand this CD is one of your favorites, I’ll try my best to send it back as soon as possible.Please accept my heartfelt apology.I genuinely hope you can forgive me for my carelessness.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.9投诉信complaint letter 1, outline P1【写信目的投诉】P2【道歉原因.道歉.解释，补救】P3【道歉.请求原谅】 Para1,S1,make a sincere apology, for my carelessness 2, example To whom it may concern, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of make a complaint about the laptop I bought last week.The reasons for my complaint are as follows.In the first place, the system often broke down for no reason, which led to the loss of my key data.In the second, the color of the screen was abnormal and couldn’t be adjusted.Accordingly, I find it difficult to go on with my work.My demand is that you should take this matter into serious consideration and give me a satisfactory replay as soon as possible.At the same time, I genuinely hope to see some improvement in your services.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.10邀请信invitation letter 1, Outline P1【自我介绍.写信目的邀请】P2【活动介绍.邀请.活动介绍.邀请】P3【客套.要求.期待】 Para1,S1,make a sincere apology, for my carelessness 2, example Dear Sir or Madam, I am head of a household electric appliance plant, which is a major manufacturer of high-quality recorders.I’m writing the letter for the purpose of inviting you to the exclusive presentation of our new models and a reception.The presentation is scheduled to take place at Noble Hotel on the third of January.I’ll fell it an honor if you could come.There will also be a reception at the tow p.m.I hope you will attend too.Since your presence is of vital importance to this occasion, I do hope you can make it.Just call our office at 010-69985421, and we will glad to reserve a place for you.I’m looking forward to seeing you at that day.Yours truly，Li Ming 2.11介绍信introduction letter 1, outline P1【写信目的介绍】P2【个人情况.计划.原因.期待】P3【感谢.期待】 2, example Dear Judy, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of introducing to your Li Ming, one of my best colleagues.6 / 12

Presently he is studying in Si Chuang University.He will graduate in July and go to America for further study.As it will be the first time for him to study aboard, he will most likely encounter a variety of difficulties.Therefore, he hoped to enjoy your guidance in some ways.I would be most grateful if you could kindly offer help.Thanks a lot for paying due attention to the letter.I’m looking forward to your reply.Yours truly，Li Ming.2.12请求信introduction letter 1.outline P1【写信目的请求】P2【条件.条件1.条件2.计划】P3【感谢.期待】 2, example To whom it may concern, I’m writing the letter for the purpose of asking you to help find a child in a remote area to offer financial aid.My requirements for the candidate are as follows.In the first place, he must be in poverty and truly in need of help.In the second, the child should be self-motivated and eager to learn.In addition, he must be willing to return to his hometown after graduation from university.Form my plant, I would send him a certain sum of money each term.Thank you for paying due attention to the letter.I’m looking forward to your replay.Yours truly，Li Ming 3，通知 notice 3.1通知 notice 1, outline P1【通知目的】P2【条件.条件1.条件2.条件3】P3【套话.期待】 2, example

NOTICE To enrich the students’ campus life, the Postgraduates’ Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization.The requirements for the candidates are as follows.In the first place, the applicants must have outstanding skill at English.In the second, they should be good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.Last but not the least, the students with relevant working experience shall be preferred.Those interested in the activity may sign up with the monitor of their class before the first of Feb.Everybody is welcome to join in it.Postgraduates’ Association 2010.11.28 3.2备忘录 Memo 1，outline P1【目的】P2【主题.条件1.条件2】P3【套话.期待】 2, example Date: Juanary 15, 2011 To: All Students of the English Department From: Class Monitor Zhang Wei

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Subject: Sprint Excursion As spring arrives and the weather turns to be agreeable, the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in a suburban country.The activities include mountain claiming and picnic.All the students of the English department are encouraged to participate.We remind you of the necessity of bring some food and water as well as wearing comfortable shoes.Those interested in this excursion may sign up with the monitor of their class.Everybody is welcome to join in it.3.3 报告report 1，outline P1【主题】P2【主题.条件1.条件2】P3【套话.期待】 2, example To: Professor Clinton From: zhang wei Date: January 15, 2011 Subject: A progress report on graduation research This is a report I have to submit to you about my graduation paper.Last week, I gathered information from library and from an interview.Of the twelve references lists on my proposal, I found only nine, for others I will go to search in a larger library.As far as interview concerned, I had an extended interview with Mr.Liming, a professor from Peking University, who was kind enough to give me some brochures as well as a copy of report on electronic mail.I hope to use in my paper.Starting tomorrow, I will begin organizing my paper.And I can be expected to submit a rough draft by the end of the month.4，摘要写作要点

摘要，是用1500字左右的中文，摘写100字左右的英文，是阅读能力和翻译能力。思路：1读，2摘，3译

1读：浏览各段首句或2、3句，不用看完全文 2摘：选摘总结句->或句子中的关键词 3译：对摘的句子做翻译

摘的要点：文摘句（自选能写的）-》句改写（容易翻译的方式）-》句摘词（把复杂的词或句子结构简单化）

宗旨：通过摘句、改句、摘词，将难度控制到自己能写的范围内

翻译要点：1，分析句子结构，2，确定并翻译句子主干，3，添加句子的枝叶，副词或修饰，4，通读审校。

并注意：通用短语不要用单词，增加句子的丰富性。5，小作文考试重点

优先级：1,书信 2,通知+备忘 3,报告

三、大作文模板

考试要求：大作文有三类：1，文字情景描述，写评论，2，图表，写评论 3，漫画，写评论

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三种作文的难度越来越大，相同一个万能模板，只是第一段分为文字开头、图表开头、漫画开头，二、三段不太变化。字数：英语一200字，英语二150字，只需要酌情增减从句。1，文字情景作文 1.1 记忆要点

篇章结构：三段论。句子阵形：442。行文思路：总分总。写作要点：背模板，套熟句 Outline: 第一段：总述形势：

P1,S1: :开头是趋势，S2：双方不满意；S3：有人要支持，有人抱怨去；S4：我看是好事 第二段，提供论据

P2,S1: 证据非难事S2：先经济政治，S2a调查可证实S3：再确信好事，S4：并不容忽视 第三段，深化认识： P3,S1：结论深了去S2：公众别怀疑 [可选S3，我信这趋势] 记忆要点：

S1：These days, an increasingly hot issue, among the public that, a growing number of, willing to S2:whenever, come to this subject, spring up opposite voices S3a:，tend to, view it as a blessing(beneficial), S3b:，claim, it’s a hell S4:。For my part, incline to support, former view S1：：of no difficulty, put forward several arguments, to account for the phenomenon S2：：at the top of the list, rapid development of the economy, steady improvement of living standards, more and more people[family] can afford a private car S2a:：According to a recent survey, about 55% of, have such financial resources S3：：in the second, admit that, to study abroad[ to obtain another degree], enrich their experiences [enable people to find well-pay job] S4:：last but not the least, the fact cannot be ignored that, lifelong study has become a must in the current era of knowledge explosion [ we should keep up with the times] S1: considing what has been argued so far, safely come to the conclusion, trend, S2: accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public, regard it with, too much anxiety.S3: And I firmly believe that, situation, continue for quite a while, in the years to come 1.2 作文模板[不要写作文题，没有明确就不要写] These days, it has become an increasingly hot topic among the public that

[a growing number of college students are willing to work as a nurse after graduation.] [a growing number of adults intend to continue their further education].Whenever it comes to this subject, there will always spring up opposite voices.Some people tend to view it as a blessing, while the other claims that it’s a hell.For my part, I am inclined to support the former view.It’s of no difficulty to put forward several arguments to illustrate [account for] my standpoint[ the phenomenon].At the top of the list, with the rapid development of our economy and the steady improvement of living standards,[more and more Chinese families can afford their children’s higher education abroad][those with various degrees are in great demand].According to a recent survey, about 55% of [Chinese families in big cities have such financial resources][ of job hunters have found their desirable positions].In the second, we must admit that [to study abroad can enrich their life experience][to obtain another degree can enable people to find well-paid jobs].Last but not the least, the fact could not be ignored that [children will have to be independent of their parents] [ lifelong study has become a must in the current era of knowledge explosion].9 / 12

Considering what has been argued so far, we can safely come to the conclusion that the trend is normal and acceptable.Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much anxiety.[ 可选Therefore, I firmly believe that the situation will continue for quite a while in the years to come.] 2，图表情景作文 2.1 Outline Figures-> change-> phenomenon-> issue/topic/subject P1,s1:有变化；S2：具体变化[上升还是下降]；S3：数据引用[开始，后来];S4：与此同时 Para2与Para3与文字情景作文相同 首段记忆要点

S1, what is shown in the char above, demonstrate[reveal] clearly, some change, have taken place, with regard to, [the recruitment number].S2,based upon the data of the chart, one can see that, has been on a steady rise [decline] all the time S3, In the year of , is only about, but within no more than server years, went up[down] to.[S4,有两种变化时描述第二种变化,meanwhile, have witnessed [slight] changes].2.2 template What is shown in the chart above reveals clearly that [remarkable/some] changes have taken place with regard to [university graduates’ expected income毕业生期望薪酬] [ the recruitment of Master of Engineer] [DINK families in China].Based upon the data of the chart[diagram], one can see that the [expected income per month][number][percentage] of [recruitment of ME ][such families] has been on a steady rise[decline] all the time.In the year of [1998,图表数据], it [recruitment number] was only about [3,100 RMB] [1%], while within no more than several years, it [the number][percentage] went up[down] to [2,100 RMB] [12%] in [2009].[ At the same time, college graduates’ real income[the number of others] has witnessed slight changes.] It’s of no difficulty to come up with several possible factors to account for the trend.At the top of the list, with the rapid development of [higher education] our economy and the steady improvement of living standards, [a great number of families are rich enough to afford the private cars][the number of graduates has been growing.][ mobile phone has become a life necessity] [a growing number of couples enjoy family time without children.][those technical are in great demand] According to a recent survey, about 55% of [families in big cities have plan to buy a car in next year][students claim that competition between students is increasing] [families have no plans to bear children][employers need professional graduates].In the second, we must admit that [a good many of graduates have turned down-to-earth].[there are a great number of population in our country][some couples are showing great worry for the rapid growth of population].[ME can help people to find well-paid position with great ease.] Last but not the least, the fact could not be ignored that [mobile service in our country has been increasingly cheaper][youngth have come to place more emphasis on the choice of life work instead of monthly rewards].[it’s too expensive to raise a children][lifelong study has become a must in the era of knowledge explosion].Considering which has been argued so far, we could safely come to the conclusion that the trend is normal[abnormal] and acceptable[negative].Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to

/ 12

regard it with too much anxiety.[如果是负面:Accordingly, it is urgent for us to take effective measures to reverse the trend][ 可选Therefore, I firmly believe that the situation will continue for quite a while in the years to come.]

3，图画情景作文 3.1 Outline 1，看Directions, 审题

2，看图，先看宏观，再看微观，3，确认自己主题：支持或反对 2，作文结构

Para1: S1，赞美图画:thought-provoking drawing, attract, attention by, startling originality S2，感慨Looking at this drawing, every reader sink into, meditation, upon its implication S3，描述As is shown by the cartoon, S3，解读 Needless to say, this picture is intend to illustrate the gravity of [ the current traffic jam] Para 2: S1有原因It is of no difficulty ,to put forward, some factors, to account for, above phenomenon S2：原因1, To begin with, rapid development of economy, steady improvement of living standards S3举例,Based upon, survey, about 55% of , S4,原因2，In addition, we must admit that S5,原因3，Finally [Last but not the least],the factor cannot be ignored that Para 3: S1，评论Taking into account, what has been argued so far, I’m inclined to view, as.., abnormal, negative [normal positive] S2：预测Accordingly, It is of necessity for the public, to regard it, with too much anxiety.3.2 template This though-provoking drawing will catch every reader’s attention by its startling originality.Looking at the drawing, I believe, every reader will sink into meditation upon its implication.As is shown by the cartoon, [every car, lorry and bus on the road moves at a rather slow speed, even no faster than the grandmotherly women walking nearby with a snail.][various culture elements, such as Kongfu, Beijing Opera and Laoshe are surprisingly boiled in a hotpot] Needless to say, this picture is meant to illustrate the gravity of [the current traffic jam][culture integration].It’s of no difficulty to put forward some possible factors to account for the phenomenon.At the top of the list, with the rapid development of our economy and the steady improvement of living standards, [论据一 a growing number of families are rich enough to afford private cars][there is an increasing demand for various cultural products].According to a recent Internet survey, about 55% of [举例families in the big city have plans for a car ][people in big cities are positively in favor of the trend].In addition, we must admit that [论据二 the public transport system still fails to keep up with the times与时俱进].Last but not the least, the fact cannot be ignored that [论据三 the public have yet to improve their sense of environmental protection][multi-cultural society will make our life rich and colorful].Considering what has been argued so far, we can safely come to the conclusion that the phenomenon is normal [/abnormal] and positive[/negative].Accordingly, it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much anxiety.[ it is urgent for us to take effective measure to

/ 12

reserve the trend.] [And we firmly believe that the situation will continue for quite a while in the years to come.]

/ 12

第三篇：蒋军虎考研英语阅读理解精读80篇

第三部分：阅读理解(每小题2分，满分40分)

(A)

Nine years ago, after Leo had died, people said to me, “I never knew he was your stepfather.” You see, I never called him that.At first, he was no one special in my life.Then he became my friend.In time, I felt he was also my father.Leo married my mother when I was eleven.Two years later we moved into a house in a new suburban(郊区的)development, where we put down roots.At first our lawn(草坪)was just a pile of mud with wild grass, but Leo saw bright possibilities.“We'll plant trees there to give us shade as well as some flowers,” he said.And just these little touches made our house different from all the others.More important, a real family was forming within this house, with its own special traditions.Leo was becoming a fulltime parent, and I was learning what it meant to have a father.Weekday mornings when the weather was bad, Leo often drove me to school.Having a father drop you off may have been something my classmates took for granted, but I always thought it was wonderful.Saturday mornings, we went to the hardware(五金)shop, then stepped into the five and ten, buying a sports magazine or something else.Some people might think that doing shopping together is nothing special, but I, who had ever before spent my childhood watching other families do their everyday activities, experienced them now with extreme delight.Looking back, I realized that Leo gave me what I needed most, the experience of doing ordinary things together as a family.Soon after we moved to the suburbs, one of our new neighbors introduced herself to

me.She had already met my mother and Leo.“You know,” she said, “you look just like your father.” I knew she was just making conversation but even so...“Thank you”, I said.Why tell her anything different?

56.The writer's purpose in writing this passage is _______.A.to share her unforgettable experiences

B.to show how interesting a person Leo was

C.to remind us of our parents

D.to explain why they moved to the suburbs

57.Which of the following can be used in place of “put down roots”?

A.Settled.B.Planted.C.Farmed.D.Worked.58.In the writer's opinion, _______.A.it is not easy for stepfamilies to live together

B.not all the stepfathers are as good as Leo

C.the husband and wife must think more about their children before they divorce(离婚)

D.in stepfamilies the love and friendship are extremely precious

59.When he said “Why tell her anything different”, the writer meant that _______.A.he should have told her the truth

B.he wouldn't tell her the truth

C.he wanted to tell her something that had nothing to do with Leo

D.he'd like to keep silence whenever he met the neighbors

(B)

The modern Olympic Games were founded with the intention of improving health and education, promoting world peace, and encouraging fair and equal competition.But over the years, the Olympic saying, “faster, higher, stronger”, has pushed scientists as well as athletes to do

everything possible to reach new levels.Doctors, engineers and coaches all use everything science has to offer to achieve that little bit extra in competition.The reason modern technology has become part of sport is very simple: winning is just as important as it was 2,500 years ago at the Olympics of ancient Greece.Developments in technology have often been reflected in the methods of training and performance at the Olympics through history.This technology falls into two main groups: improving an athlete's performance in competition, and allowing results to be measured more accurately.One of the creations that has drawn the most attention is the new high-tech swimsuit from Speedo, which was used by many US swimmers in Athens.Until Sydney 2000, it was thought that the smaller the swimsuit, the faster the swimmer would travel.“However, the fact that at the Sydney Olympics, 28 of the 33 gold medalists were wearing the body covering Fastskin suit proved the theory was out of date,” said Andy Thomas, vice-president of Speedo.The company's full body suit is supposed to make swimmers 3 to 4 percent faster, particularly when turning or diving into the water.It is believed that the suit creates less water resistance as it moves, behaving more like a shark skin than a human skin.The introduction of high-tech equipment means that athletes in all sports, from the 100-metre sprint to the pole vault, can now train more effectively.Meanwhile, scientific development also means performances can be measured and studied more accurately.Not only are winning times more accurately recorded, but cheating athletes are easier to catch out.Athens 2004 organizers promised to use only the very latest equipment to measure distance and speed.60.Which is not the first aims of the modern Olympic Games?

A.Improving health and education.B.Promoting world peace.C.Encouraging fair and equal competition.D.Winning medals.61.The reason modern technology has become part of sport is that people ______.A.make every effort to win medals

B.do their best to invent new sports equipment

C.try to test their abilities

D.want to improve their condition of competition

62.From the passage we know______.A.before the Sydney Olympics people thought the less the swimmers wore, the faster they swam

B.at the Sydney Olympics among 33 swimming and diving gold medalists, 28 wore the full body suit made by Speedo

C.people think the body covering swimsuit is not popular

D.it is believed that the new high-tech suit creates no water resistance as it moves

63.In the passage it mentions that high technology is involved in ______ aspects.A.1B.2C.3D.4

(C)

“Life is speeding up.Everyone is getting unwell.”

This may sound like something someone would say today.But in fact, an unknown citizen who

lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it.We all love new inventions.They are exciting, amazing and can change our lives.But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?

Picture this: You're rushing to finish your homework on the computer.Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder.Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work.Now you have to stay up all night to get it done.How calm and happy do you feel?

Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired.Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they lead simple lives.One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today.The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10 and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house.They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phones.The grandmother, Lyn, said: “It was hard physically.But not mentally.” She believed life was less materialistic(物质的).“The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes,” she said.The boys said they fought less.Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer.Also Lyn changed from being a “fashionable, beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things.”

Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!

· Don't be available all the time.Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day.Don't check your emails every day.· Make sure you spend some time talking to your family.Set aside one evening a week when you don't turn on the television.Play cards and chat instead.· Get a low-tech hobby.Every day, do something in the old-fashioned way, such as walking to have a face-to-face meeting instead of using the email or telephone.· Don't worry too much about life--laugh more!

64.The passage is mainly about ________.A.problems with technology

B.improvements of our life with technology

C.the important roles technology plays in our everyday life

D.major changes which will be likely to happen to technology

65.The writer uses the quote(引语)at the beginning of the story to ________.A.share a truth about life

B.tell us what life was like long time ago

C.make us wonder what causes such a thing to happen

D.point out that you experience some big problems and they may be the same

66.Why did the family choose to spend some time in a 1940s house?

A.Because they loved to live simple lives.B.Because they were curious about how people lived without modern inventions.C.Because they were troubled by modern inventions.D.Because living in a different time would be a lot of fun for them.67.What do you think the underlined word “available” in the 1st suggestion offered by the

writer means?

A.Busy on time.B.Free.C.Be able to.D.To be found by others.(D)

It's great to go on vacation, but it's also nice to come home.Migrating(迁徙)birds seem to feel the same way.Birds such as black-tailed godwits, a migrating bird that can be found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and north Australia, fly south every winter.Then, they return home to spend the summer months with their life long partner.Now, scientists have found, pairs of godwits often return to their summer breeding(繁殖)grounds within three days of each other, even though they spend the entire winter apart.It's as if they arranged the date that they would meet up again.Researchers in England, put coloured leg bands on the birds.Then, they asked birdwatchers around Europe to report by email when and where they saw the birds during the winter.The simplest way for birds to return at the same time would be to spend the winter together.After all, if they're in different places, they can't call each other on the phone and talk about when they'll meet again.But, the survey found that couples usually spent their winters in different countries up to 1, 000 kilometres apart.One male, for example, spent the winter on the coast of Ireland while his mate was in France.These findings are important for protecting the birds, scientists say.Black-tailed godwits live for up to 25 years.They spend their summers in Iceland, where they mate, but they spread all over other parts of Europe in winter.Once a pair mates, there's a 90 per cent chance that they'll return to mate with each other again the next year.So, protection of their wide web of holiday destinations(目的地)is very important.How do the birds arrange their date of return? Unless scientists find their feathered cellphones, that question will remain a mystery.68.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Migrating birds all fly south every winter.B.Migrating birds return home in summer.C.Godwits often fly south in couples every winter.D.Godwits often return home almost at the same time.69.According to the passage we know that ______.A.the birds return at the same time because they arrange the date before they part

B.the couples don't spend their winters together because they want to live apart for some time

C.the birds use their special feathered cellphones to arrange their date

D.once two birds become a couple they are likely to mate again the next year

70.We can infer from the passage that______.A.black-tailed godwits are loyal to their mates

B.black-tailed godwits return home only to spend their summers

C.we know how to find and feed black-tailed godwits

D.we know why couples of godwits usually spend their winters in different places

71.Which is the best title?

A.How Birds Spend Their Winters

B.How Birds Spend Their Summers

C.Birds Come Back Home for Love

D.Birds Are to Be Protected

(E)

Nowadays, more and more lovers are using email to communicate with each other.The result: a new culture of love-letter writing has evolved and is rewriting the rules of how we express our love.Make no mistake: in many cases email love letters significantly resemble their ancestors.The verbal imagery has hardly changed.Experts believe, in fact, that far more people now carry out sweet talk in cyberspace than in the time before email came along.When people use email, everything is more relaxed, and less curious.This helps the sweet words flow.Nicola Doering, a media researcher, emphasizes that for many people contact over email is simpler: “The language is different in traditional letters;people tend to write more like they speak.” This means that sometimes less thought goes into an email than a traditional love letter.Emails are more casual.This is obviously encouraging for many people.But for romantic emails, writers reach back to the language of poetry.“Your clear-blue eyes” is typical of the kind of phrase found in love letters.Moreover, at least one traditional symbol between lovers has made an outstanding comeback.Even in the love letters of the 19th century, one often found the letter X as a symbol of a kiss.Many paper love letters would have three X's at the bottom as closing.And this symbol is often used today between lovers in their email messages.In spite of all the technological advancement that email represents, classic love letters on paper still have a special meaning, the experts say.Ink on paper simply affects many people more strongly than lines on a computer screen.It appears more serious, more permanent, as if written for all time.Sometimes people want to have something to touch, a letter that you can hold in your hand is obviously better than an email.But Internet technology is ready to help even those with the courage to write a classic handwritten love letter.What stops many lovers from penning their most romantic thoughts is not a lack of good intentions but an inability to piece together a few sweet lines, says Thomas Neuss, the organizer of one Internet site devoted to romantic letters.72.The author strongly believes that ______.A.email love letters are more significant than traditional ones

B.email love letters are more convenient than traditional ones

C.most email love letters copy sweet words from traditional ones

D.most email love letters are quite similar to traditional ones

73.In the second paragraph, the term “verbal imagery” refers to ______.A.the oral workB.the sweet wordsC.the verb formD.their ancestor

74.Which of the following is NOT the author's opinion on traditional love letters?

A.They have a better effect.B.They aren't out of date.C.They are more reliable.D.They are more romantic.75.By showing that the letter X is popular in email love letters, the author intends to tell us______.A.many people like using letters to express their love

B.traditional symbol between lovers has been popular

C.the romantic expression is also employed in emails

D.the language in email love letters becomes simpler

第四篇：贷款申请书---蒋永虎

贷款申请书

临泽县畜牧局：

本人蒋永贤，系临泽县沙河镇东寨村七社农户，现年42岁，家庭人口4人，劳动力2人，耕地15亩。现已在沙河镇鹏程奶牛专业合作社养殖奶牛45头，养殖场占地面积3亩，建筑面积500平方米。本人为扩大养殖规模，计划养殖奶牛60头，现存在资金困难，根据县委1号文件精神的相关优惠政策规定，本人申请上级主管部门给予贴息贷款30万元，请审核办理。

特此申请

申请人：

二〇一三年九月二十四日

第五篇：蒋军晶《月光曲》课堂实录

《月光曲》课堂实录

随感：

1、正如台湾教育家所说的：学生的起点已经是很高很高了。不是普通的学生所能答的。精彩来自学生。比如想像内心的话，学生写得不是一般得好了。

2、让学生读句子，设疑，体现了一个学习过程。

3、整节课前部分比重很大，最精彩的联想段没有攻破。

课前准备：板书课题，打开课件：深蓝色的背景，月光下的大海，左中贝多芬头像照片，播放钢琴曲《致爱丽丝》，师生静静地欣赏。

（一）听曲谈话走向人物

师：同学们，课前我们聊几句好吗？刚才有一首优美的曲子，你们听到过吗？

生：听到过。

师：那这首曲子的曲名知道吗？

生：月光曲。

师：月光曲，我可以很肯定地告诉你，这首曲子不是月光曲，但是我觉得他很聪明啊，他是想当然的认为是月光曲，因为今天我们学的就是月光曲嘛。有人知道吗？

生：献给爱丽斯。

师：对，我觉得可能是翻译的问题，据我所知，是《致爱丽斯》，也就是献给爱丽斯的意思。那这首曲子的作者是谁？你们知道吗？

生：贝多芬。

师：想当然啊，因为今天我们学习的就是贝多芬的《月光曲》，你们对贝多芬有哪些了解？简单地讲一讲。

生：我知道贝多芬被称为乐圣。

师：因为贝多芬在音乐上有很大的成就，比方说我们古代有一位诗人，叫诗圣，是谁啊？

生：李白。

师：那叫诗仙，诗圣是——

生：杜甫。

师：还有哪些了解？

生：就是贝多芬学音乐并不自愿学的，而是他父亲逼着他学的。

师：其实贝多芬从小本来就很喜欢音乐，只是他的父亲要求他学得太——

生：刻苦。

师：太刻苦以至于有点残酷了。

生：我知道贝多芬是德国伟大的音乐家之一，其中有几首曲子流传至今，例如《命运》、《田园》等，经久不衰。

师：这位同学说话很严密，贝多芬是德国著名的音乐家之一，但是他用音乐赢得了全世界人的心啊！

生：我知道他终年57岁，师：哦，你了解到这一点，你是怎么知道的？

生：我上网查的，和看书看的。

师：两条途径。利用上网查资料，挺便捷的。

生：我还知道贝多芬8岁登台演出。

师：说明他很有音乐天赋，8岁呀，不简单。

生：我还知道贝多芬到了晚年失聪了。

师：你是怎么知道的？

生：我是上网查的。

师：嗯，其实课后资料袋也写着呢，说明他生活坎坷。同学们，对于一个音乐艺术家来说，失去了听力几乎等于失去了一切，但是，有同学知道我想说什么吗？但是——

生：但是贝多芬用他自己顽强的毅力，不断的努力，赢得了更多的观众，逾越自己音乐上的最高峰。

师：说得多好啊，贝多芬之所以能成为音乐家不仅仅因为他有天赋，很重要的一点原因是他意志十分的坚强。我们初步了解了贝多芬，我们开始上课好吗？

生：好。

（二）以词串文，轻叩心扉

师：上课。

生：老师好。

师：请坐。刚才我们已经了解贝多芬是一位非常伟大的音乐家，他一生为我们留下了许多月曲，月光曲就是其中之一。月光曲这首曲子是怎样谱成的呢，今天我们就来学习。大家已经预习了，对吧。

生：对。

师：我们先来听写一组词语，请大家准备好。（生准备）

师：哪位同学愿意到黑板上来听写，有吗？好，那位女同学，在黑板上写字可以稍微把字写大一点。（一位女生到黑板前，其余学生写在本子上）

师：月光曲这篇课文是一个传说，请写下“传说”。

师：这个传说啊，讲的就是月光曲这首曲子是怎样谱成的，第二个词语“谱写”。（师对着那位女生说：一笔一画工整有力。）

师：下面听写一组词语，注意几个词语的笔画，先听后写，“盲姑娘、蜡烛、琴键。”这组词语里面，盲，蜡，键，都是生字。

师：行，同学们抬起头来，和这位同学一起看，写得对吗？

生：对。

师：写的时候注意这个“蜡”字，很多同学误认为它跟“烛”一样是火字旁，其实是虫字旁，最初的意思是动植物的油。这个“键”她写对了，但我观察了一下，笔顺不是很正确，左中右结构。最后写“建之底”，明白吗？

生：明白。

师：最后一个词“清幽”。（学生写）

师：同学们，你们觉得清幽的月光是怎样的月光？

生1：就像轻纱铺在地上一样，非常渺茫的那种感觉。

师非常善于联想。

生2：我认为清幽的月光是皎洁的月光，是宁静的，有一种诗情画意的感觉。

师：给人感觉到是皎洁的月光。

生3：我觉得是特别轻柔，特别柔和，让人觉得舒服。

师：嗯，蒋老师课前还特地查了一下字典，发现这个“幽”字有3种解释，（出示解释）你们觉得“清幽”的“幽”应该取哪一种解释呢？

生：第2种。

师：第2种，清幽的月光让人感觉是沉静的安闲的。同学们，这个传说究竟讲了一件什么事儿呢？请你选择其中的一个或几个词语来说一说，请大家先自己准备一下，说一说。（生小声试说）

师；没事儿，放出声音也没关系。（约2分钟后）

师：同学们，谁愿意来说一说。

生1：贝多芬谱写月光曲被人们说成是一个传说，因为他谱写月光曲时，借着清幽的月光，受到盲姑娘对音乐的执着的感染，没有蜡烛的时候，月光是清幽的，这也是贝多芬当时的心情，所以他按动了琴键，让思绪跟着月光飞扬，所以创下了这首不朽的月曲

——月光曲。

师：说得真不错。他说的时候强调了月光曲形成的原因和当时创作的情境，谁愿意再说说，把这个故事简单地讲一讲。

生2：当贝多芬在莱茵河散步时，听到了兄妹俩的对话，贝多芬被盲姑娘热爱音乐的情感感动了，受到了感染，于是按动了琴键，创作了这首月光曲。

师：我们再来一起回顾故事内容。有一天傍晚，贝多芬走进了一间茅屋，贝多芬弹了一曲又一曲，这后一曲就是著名的——

师生：月光曲。

（三）一番“对话”聆听心声

师：同学们，究竟是什么打动了音乐家贝多芬的心，让他创作出传世名曲——月光曲呢。请同学们默读课文，到字里行间去寻找原因。（生默读，师巡视）

师：嗯，有的同学很自然地拿起了笔，把一些句子划了下来，我相信他有理由，他或许觉得这些句子所描写的情景打动了贝多芬的心。

师：同学们，咱们现在交流。哪段话所描绘的情景打动了贝多芬的心，请你先读一读，谁先来读，好，请你读吧。

生：读“一个姑娘说：这首曲子多难弹啊，„„”

师：这个同学读得这段话就是兄妹俩的对话，被站在茅屋外的贝多芬听见了。咱们再往具体想，你认为贝多芬是听到了兄妹俩的哪句话时就开始心动了呢，先不要说，再读读。（生自由读对话）

生：我认为应该是这句话“这首曲子多难弹啊„„那有多好啊。”

师：同学们，请你们按照自己的理解自己读一读这段话，注意，要能打动贝多芬的心啊，读一读，来，读出声音来。（生读盲姑娘的话）

师：嗯。谁再来读一读？来打动贝多芬的心。

生1：朗读“贝多芬走进茅屋„„那该有多好啊。”

师：好的，他强调了“那该多好啊”，读出了盲姑娘内心的向往，我相信贝多芬听了心里会微微一动，谁再来读？

生2：（读）

师：同学们，他又强调了“贝多芬”，贝多芬从姑娘的口中听到了自己名字能不激动吗？我们一字一句要读到贝多芬的心里。来，我们一起来读。一个姑娘说，读——（学生齐读）

师：同学们，贝多芬是一个音乐家，有一颗敏感的心，他往往能从别人的话里面听出言外之意，他从这句话里听出了什么？

生1：贝多芬从这句话听出了这个盲姑娘很渴望听到贝多芬的曲子。

师：是，贝多芬听出了他内心满心的渴望。他还听出了什么？

生2：他还听出了这位小姑娘她很喜欢音乐。

师：很喜欢音乐你听出来了！

生：贝多芬从这句话里感受到姑娘对音乐的追求。

师：追求，而不仅仅是喜欢，你从哪里感受到的？

生：我是从“要是能听到贝多芬自己是怎样弹的那该有多好啊，„„”感受到的。

师：我也感受到了，这是她内心梦寐以求的愿望。

生3：我是从“那该多好啊”这五个字当中感受到的，这表现出她内心的渴望，这是她一直以来梦寐以求的梦想。我还从课外知道贝多芬立志为穷苦人造福，贝多芬想到我能为贫穷的兄妹俩弹钢琴，也是幸福的。这一点就可以打动贝多芬，从盲姑娘对音乐的执着和渴望贝多芬为他们弹奏曲子。

师：我感觉到了，你真正是以贝多芬的身份，音乐家的身份来体会，富有同情心的贝多芬从这句话中还听出了什么呢？

生4：从这句话他还听出盲姑娘对音乐的痴迷。

师：用另外一个词形容，盲姑娘对音乐的热爱。

生5：从这句话里还体会到盲姑娘之所以不能听贝多芬亲自弹的音乐是有苦衷的，她在特别压抑自己的情感。

师：她的苦衷是什么？

生：她的苦衷是家境贫寒，所以她没有能力亲自听贝多芬弹。

师：她用了一个词，什么词？

生：贫寒。

师：贫寒哪，你从哪些细节感受到盲姑娘家境贫寒？

生1：我从他们点的是微弱的烛光，烛光很微弱，住的是茅屋，而且钢琴是一架旧钢琴，说明他们的家境非常贫穷。

师：种种细节让你感觉到了！

生2：我体会到的是一个男的说“可是音乐会的入场券太贵了„„”两个“太”字让我感到了他家境贫穷。

师：两个“太”字让你感受到他家境的贫寒，生活的艰辛。

生3：还有我还从男的正在做皮鞋看到他家境贫寒。

师：是的，贝多芬听出了这个姑娘虽然双目失明但依然热爱着生活，虽然家境贫寒但从没放弃过对艺术的向往和追求，他的心被触动了，我们一起带着这份理解，再读一读盲姑娘的这段话，“这首曲子多难弹啊”起——（学生读）

师：是啊，可是音乐会的入场券太贵了，咱们又太穷，继续读妹妹的话——（学生接着读妹妹的话：哥哥，你别难过„„）

师：听到这里，贝多芬又听出了什么呢？

生1：我感觉贝多芬又听出了姑娘的善解人意，因为他想听贝多芬弹钢琴是她一直以来的愿望，但她后来又说随便说说，说明他想安慰哥哥，她不想让哥哥为她听不到贝多芬弹的钢琴而难过。

师：你也是善解人意的姑娘，明明是非常想听却说是随便说说，贝多芬听出了什么呢？

生2：贝多芬实际上听出了盲姑娘十分热爱音乐，盲姑娘一直压抑着自己的内心，真希望能听到贝多芬弹，但却说只是随便说说。随便说说并不是指真的是随便说说，盲姑娘一直在压抑她内心的情感。

师：你用“压抑”这个词，倒还不至于，但我跟你有同样的感觉是盲姑娘在努力掩饰自己的愿望，明明是梦寐以求的愿望，却说成随便说说。贝多芬听出了什么呢？

生3：贝多芬还听出了姑娘的难以割舍的一种情感，一方面是手足情深的哥哥，另一方面是自己热爱的音乐，但是盲姑娘特别善解人意，还是选择了哥哥，因为他们家境贫寒，不想再给她哥哥加重负担。

师：体会得真好。我们来读读这段话。我们来分角色读，体会一下他们的情感好不好。你们读妹妹的话，我读哥哥的话，不读提示语。（师生分角色读）

师：同学们，贝多芬就是从这里听出了，盲姑娘不仅热爱音乐，而且非常懂事，我相信他被感动了，所以他走进茅屋，为盲姑娘弹了一曲。还有哪些句子所描述的情景打动了贝多芬的心呢？

生：我觉得贝多芬自己也说过他是为穷人服务的。而盲姑娘家非常贫穷，没办法听贝多芬的音乐，书上也说了“他们„„”这说明他们家非常穷，而贝多芬却没办法实践他自己的话，也就是他的音乐是为穷苦人服务的，我觉得他在这里不光感动于姑娘热爱音乐，而且也很痛心，他想满足他们的愿望。

师：你在用心体会一个音乐家的心情，去揣摩他的创作的心理。还有哪段话所描绘的情景打动了音乐家贝多芬的心呢？

生：是这段话“他多纯熟啊，„„”

师：听了盲姑娘的这句话，贝多芬是怎么反应的，我们一起来读后面的这句话，读——（学生读“贝多芬没有回答„„）

（四）两番“对话”心灵互通

师：这是贝多芬和盲姑娘之间的对话，读了这段话，你有什么问题吗？

生1：我想问为什么再弹一曲呢？

师：哦，我想贝多芬是被感动了，所以再来一曲。第一个问题。还有吗？

生2：我的问题是当盲姑娘问他是不是贝多芬，他为什么没有承认？

师：假如你是贝多芬，你会怎么说？

生：我会先弹一曲，然后再说。

师：所以你会有此一问，这是你的问题，第二个问题，还有吗？

生3：贝多芬是有名的音乐家，为什么还要称一个非常贫穷的姑娘为“您”？

师：是呀，我的认为是既出于礼貌,也是出于对盲姑娘的尊重。

生4：我还有一个问题,他为什么要弹琴给她听？

师：就是，他为什么再弹一曲给她听？

生5：我的问题是，为什么盲姑娘一听就知道是贝多芬？

师：是呀，这是你的问题。同学们，我们一边交流一边思考，这些问题提得很好。我们现在思考：盲姑娘双目失明与贝多芬素不相识，为什么他能猜到弹琴的是贝多芬呢？

生1：从她说“弹得多娴熟啊”、“多深情啊”，我感觉到她听得很认真，而且她对音乐的酷爱以及执着使他认为这是贝多芬的弹的曲子

师：他强调了盲姑娘在用心听，而且是个热爱音乐的姑娘，其他同学还有别的理解吗？

生2：因为盲姑娘热爱音乐，也是贝多芬的知音，所以他能确定这个音乐确确实实是伟大的音乐家贝多芬弹的。

师：这位同学的发言当中出现了一个词“知音”，知音，上一篇课文《伯牙绝弦》是一篇传说，对吗？

生：对。

师：这个传说里面写到钟子期是于伯牙的知音，因为他十分喜欢听于伯牙弹琴，而且能从他的琴声

里面听出高山听出流水。那这里能够从哪里感受到盲姑娘是贝多芬的知音吗？

生1：因为盲姑娘一听他弹的曲子就能猜出他是贝多芬，因为喜欢他平时经常听，所以一听他弹曲子就知道是贝多芬在弹。

师：盲姑娘熟悉贝多芬的音乐，还有其他细节可以感受出他是贝多芬的知音呢？

生2：从开始盲姑娘弹琴弹的断断续续的，还在练习，可以看出她非常喜欢贝多芬的音乐，一听到弹的曲子就猜出是贝多芬，所以她是贝多芬的知音。

师：你联系上文谈了自己的理解。

生3：我是从盲姑娘第一次听贝多芬弹，而且只听了一遍，就理解出来贝多芬弹得么多娴熟，多么深情，所以是他的知音。

师：这是你的理解。

生4：我觉得盲姑娘只听贝多芬弹了一遍，就能达到贝多芬弹的曲子那种境界，所以我觉得盲姑娘是非常能够理解贝多芬，所以是他的知音。

师：所以说盲姑娘既热爱贝多芬的音乐也懂得贝多芬的音乐，是贝多芬的知音，难怪盲姑娘会猜到是贝多芬为她弹奏的，也难怪此时此刻她的心情是那样的激动。请同学们把这句话再读一读，读出盲姑娘内心的那一份激动。（学生自由读）

师：自己读，谁来读一读？（一生读:“她激动地说：弹得多纯熟啊，感情多„„”

师：我能听出盲姑娘内心十分激动，谁再读一读？（第2位学生读）

师：我能感受到她内心万分的激动。咱们为了更深地理解这句话，来设身处地的想一想为什么听一首曲子能这么激动呢？

生：我觉得因为盲姑娘梦寐以求的愿望就是能听一听贝多芬弹奏，她终于实现了这个梦想，所以她非常激动。

师：一个人梦寐以求的愿望突然实现了，她会怎么说这句话呢，请你再来读一读。（第3位学生读）

师：她这么激动还有其他的原因吗？

生：而且我觉得她也十分的难以置信，贝多芬是非常著名的音乐家，这样的大音乐家会为她这么贫穷的姑娘弹一首曲子，她不敢相信，所以她很激动。

师：你从这句话里的哪里看出她不敢相信，难以置信啊？

生：我从这句话里的两个“您”看出来的。

师：第一个您表示猜测，可以读得声音稍微拉长一些，请你再读一读这句话——（第4位学生读）

师：是的，同学们，知音难求啊，贝多芬没有想到在一间茅屋里面遇到了自己的知音。我相信他和盲姑娘一样内心十分的激动。所以他决定为盲姑娘再弹一曲，于伯牙摔琴谢知音，我相信贝多芬再弹一曲为的也是知音啊。对吗，刚才有个同学还提了个问题，为什么此时贝多芬没有回答，我相信各个有各人的理由，谁来谈谈你的看法。

生1：我觉得贝多芬可能觉得盲姑娘已经猜出他是贝多芬，没有回答就是默认了。

师：贝多芬默认了，这是你的理解。

生2：我觉得贝多芬不回答，是因为他知道盲姑娘是自己她的知音，不想在他面前明白的说他自己是贝多芬。

师：我想起两句话，此时无声胜有声，心有灵犀一点通，打通两个人心灵的就是这，这——

生：这一句

师：音乐。对吗？还有其他的理解吗？

生3：和我们上回学于伯牙和子期一样，在这里盲姑娘知道贝多芬，我感觉他们之间是互通的，所以我感觉他们心有灵犀。

师：联系上文再次证明了音乐可以打通两个人的心。

生4：我觉得贝多芬已经知道盲姑娘知道是他弹的了，他们已经心心相印了，所以没有必要他非得点明出来他就是贝多芬，只要让盲姑娘感觉到他的音乐是多么好听就可以了。

师：是的，音乐才是最重要的，最后一位同学。

生5：我的理解是贝多芬是伟大的音乐家，音乐就是他的生命，就是他的语言，所以他并不想用自己的语言来表达，他只想用自己的音乐来表达对盲姑娘回答，这是他感谢盲姑娘的一种行为。（场内老师们鼓掌。）

师：老师们的掌声说明你可以成为一个艺术家，你具备成为一个艺术家的潜质。

（五）释放心情，曲终意犹

师：好，同学们，贝多芬这时候决定再弹奏一曲，这时候一阵风把蜡烛吹灭了，月光照进窗子，茅屋里的一切仿佛披上了一层银纱，贝多芬望了望站在身旁的兄妹俩，有所触动，他想用音乐来抒发自己的情感，他这时候心里究竟再想什么呢，请再次拿出作业纸，联系上文展开联想，把贝多芬内心的想法写下来。（学生写，师巡回指导）

师：同学们，让我们再一次走进贝多芬的内心吧，他心里再想什么呢？

生1：他心想多么善解人意的姑娘，多么痴迷音乐的姑娘，多么深的手足情，让我满足这个姑娘的愿望吧，让我谢谢这个知音吧，让我为他们献上一曲吧。（场内老师们鼓掌）

师：三个“多么”，一个排比，说明此时贝多芬百感交集，他心里在想什么呢？

生2：贝多芬心想知音难觅，能听懂音乐的人多如牛毛，可是能听懂我的心的又有几人。虽然我没有力量能让她的眼睛重见光明，但是，我能用音乐把她的心中照亮。这是一首为知音弹的曲子，这时我最幸福。（全场热烈鼓掌）

师：是啊，同学们，对一个音乐家来说还有什么比找到知音更感幸福的呢？还有什么比弹上一曲感谢知音更感幸福的呢？他心里再想什么呢？

生3：他会想兄妹俩如此的热爱音乐，我不能让他们失望，我要为他们去创造音乐，圆他们的梦想，真正的音乐会要让他们听到，这是我为知音开的音乐会。

师：是的，很多同学强调了，贝多芬立下誓言一生一世要为贫苦人民作曲，为知音作曲，他心里想了很多很多。贝多芬自己也说过，我为什么要作曲，因为我有很多想法要释放出来。（出示这句贝多芬名言）

师：最终他用月光曲，用音乐释放了自己的情感，同学们，听——（播放音乐，师配读：月亮正从水天相接的地方升起，微波粼粼的海面上，„„涌过来）继续听——

师：同学们，这就是月光曲的片断，贝多芬心里究竟在想什么呢，下节课我们继续围绕这段话，再次走进贝多芬。下课。