G20首尔峰会领导人宣言英文版全文（5篇）

第一篇：G20首尔峰会领导人宣言英文版全文

G20首尔峰会领导人宣言英文版全文

THE G20 SEOUL SUMMIT LEADERS’ DECLARATION NOVEMBER 11 – 12, 2010

1.We, the Leaders of the G20, are united in our conviction that by working together we can secure a more prosperous future for the citizens of all countries.2.When we first gathered in November 2008 to address the most severe world recession our generation has ever confronted, we pledged to support and stabilize the global economy, and at the same time, to lay the foundation for reform, to ensure the world would never face such upheaval again.3.Over the past four Summits, we have worked with unprecedented cooperation to break the dramatic fall in the global economy to establish the basis for recovery and renewed growth.4.The concrete steps we have taken will help ensure we are better prepared to prevent and, if necessary, to withstand future crises.We pledge to continue our coordinated efforts and act together to generate strong, sustainable and balanced growth.5.We recognize the importance of addressing the concerns of the most vulnerable.To this end, we are determined to put jobs at the heart of the recovery, to provide social protection, decent work and also to ensure accelerated growth in low income countries(LICs).6.Our relentless and cooperative efforts over the last two years have delivered strong results.However, we must stay vigilant.7.Risks remain.Some of us are experiencing strong growth, while others face high levels of unemployment and sluggish recovery.Uneven growth and widening imbalances are fueling the temptation to diverge from global solutions into uncoordinated actions.However, uncoordinated policy actions will only lead to worse outcomes for all.8.Since 2008, a common view of the challenges of the world economy, the necessary responses and our determination to resist protectionism has enabled us to both address the root causes of the crisis and safeguard the recovery.We are agreed today to develop our common view to meet these new challenges and a path to strong, sustainable and balanced growth beyond the crisis.9.Today, the Seoul Summit delivers: · the Seoul Action Plan composed of comprehensive, cooperative and country-specific policy actions to move closer to our shared objective.The Plan includes our commitment to:implement a range of structural reforms that boost and sustain global demand, foster job creation, and increase the potential for growth;and-enhance the Mutual Assessment Process(MAP)to promote external sustainability.We will strengthen multilateral cooperation to promote external sustainability and pursue the full range of policies conducive to reducing excessive imbalances and maintaining current account imbalances at sustainable levels.Persistently large imbalances, assessed against indicative guidelines to be agreed by our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, warrant an assessment of their nature and the root causes of impediments to adjustment as part of the MAP, recognizing the need to take into account national or regional circumstances, including large commodity producers.These indicative guidelines composed of a range of indicators would serve as a mechanism to facilitate timely identification of large imbalances that require preventive and corrective actions to be taken.To support our efforts toward meeting these commitments, we call on our Framework Working Group, with technical support from the IMF and other international organizations, to develop these indicative guidelines, with progress to be discussed by our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in the first half of 2011;and, in Gyeongju, our Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors called on the IMF to provide an assessment as part of the MAP on the progress toward external sustainability and the consistency of fiscal, monetary, financial sector, structural, exchange rate and other policies.In light of this, the first such assessment, to be based on the above mentioned indicative guidelines, will be initiated and undertaken in due course under the French Presidency.· a modernized IMF that better reflects the changes in the world economy through greater representation of dynamic emerging markets and developing countries.These comprehensive quota and governance reforms, as outlined in the Seoul Summit Document, will enhance the IMF’s legitimacy, credibility and effectiveness, making it an even stronger institution for promoting global financial stability and growth.· instruments to strengthen global financial safety nets, which help countries cope with financial volatility by providing them with practical tools to overcome sudden reversals of international capital flows.· core elements of a new financial regulatory framework, including bank capital and liquidity standards, as well as measures to better regulate and effectively resolve systemically important financial institutions, complemented by more effective oversight and supervision.This new framework, complemented by other achievements as outlined in the Seoul Summit Document, will ensure a more resilient financial system by reining in the past excesses of the financial sector and better serving the needs of our economies.· the Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth that sets out our commitment to work in partnership with other developing countries, and LICs in particular, to help them build the capacity to achieve and maximize their growth potential, thereby contributing to global rebalancing.The Seoul Consensus complements our commitment to achieve the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)and focuses on concrete measures as summarized in our Multi-Year Action Plan on Development to make a tangible and significant difference in people’s lives, including in particular through the development of infrastructure in developing countries.· the Financial Inclusion Action Plan, the Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion and a flexible SME Finance Framework, all of which will significantly contribute to improving access to financial services and expanding opportunities for poor households and small and medium enterprises.· our strong commitment to direct our negotiators to engage in across-the-board negotiations to promptly bring the Doha Development Round to a successful, ambitious, comprehensive, and balanced conclusion consistent with the mandate of the Doha Development Round and built on the progress already achieved.We recognize that 2011 is a critical window of opportunity, albeit narrow, and that engagement among our representatives must intensify and expand.We now need to complete the end game.Once such an outcome is reached, we commit to seek ratification, where necessary, in our respective systems.We are also committed to resisting all forms of protectionist measures.10.We will continue to monitor and assess ongoing implementation of the commitments made today and in the past in a transparent and objective way.We hold ourselves accountable.What we promise, we will deliver.11.Building on our achievements to date, we have agreed to work further on macro-prudential policy frameworks;better reflect the perspective of emerging market economies in financial regulatory reforms;strengthen regulation and oversight of shadow banking;further work on regulation and supervision of commodity derivatives markets;improve market integrity and efficiency;enhance consumer protection;pursue all outstanding governance reform issues at the IMF and World Bank;and build a more stable and resilient international monetary system, including by further strengthening global financial safety nets.We will also expand our MAP based on the indicative guidelines to be agreed.12.To promote resilience, job creation and mitigate risks for development, we will prioritize action under the Seoul Consensus on addressing critical bottlenecks, including infrastructure deficits, food market volatility, and exclusion from financial services.13.To provide broader, forward-looking leadership in the post-crisis economy, we will also continue our work to prevent and tackle corruption through our Anti-Corruption Action Plan;rationalize and phase-out over the medium term inefficient fossil fuel subsidies;mitigate excessive fossil fuel price volatility;safeguard the global marine environment;and combat the challenges of global climate change.14.We reaffirm our resolute commitment to fight climate change, as reflected in the Leaders' Seoul Summit Document.We appreciate President Felipe Calderón’s briefing on the status of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations, as well as Prime Minister Meles Zenawi’s briefing on the report of the High-Level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing submitted to the UN Secretary-General.We will spare no effort to reach a balanced and successful outcome in Cancun.15.We welcome the Fourth UN LDC Summit in Turkey and the Fourth High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Korea, both to be held in 2011.16.Recognizing the importance of private sector-led growth and job creation, we welcome the Seoul G20 Business Summit and look forward to continuing the G20 Business Summit in upcoming Summits.17.The actions agreed today will help to further strengthen the global economy, accelerate job creation, ensure more stable financial markets, narrow the development gap and promote broadly shared growth beyond crisis.18.We look forward to our next meeting in 2011 in France, and subsequent meeting in 2012 in Mexico.19.We thank Korea for its G20 Presidency and for hosting the successful Seoul Summit.20.The Seoul Summit Document, which we have agreed, follows

第二篇：领导人峰会安保大揭秘

领导人峰会安保大揭秘

大型领导人峰会是恐怖分子进行破坏活动、制造轰动效应的绝佳机会。峰会主办方如何排除安全威胁、炼成“铜墙铁壁”呢？根据当前国际大型会议活动安保工作实际情况，主办方一般从城市防卫、民众隔离、周界报警和入口安检等四个方面预防可能干扰会议进行的社会治安事故和安全事件、排除会议周边和现场的安全威胁；此外，主办方还要建立“防火机制”，点对点保障领导人的安全。

城市防卫：海陆空全面封锁 落实各项安保措施，科学部署警力是先决条件。日前在马尼拉举行的APEC峰会，菲律宾将安保层级升至最高，让16万名国家警察和12.5万名军警进行全面戒备。

菲律宾空军安排了13架飞机待命（上图）；会议举行期间，马尼拉上空将被设为“禁飞区”。当地媒体称，仅仅为了保证领导人飞机顺利降落，就有1700个航班被取消。菲律宾海军则在马尼拉湾设立了“禁航区”，并部署了两艘前美国海岸警卫队快艇和十几艘小一些的船脞。此外，菲律宾还在285个出入境检查站派驻大量警力，防范可疑人员入境。

除了政府力量，民众也会被动员参与维护城市秩序。2009年的哥本哈根全球气候大会，丹麦警方就向会展中心附近居民发出3000多封信，通知他们一旦发现可疑人员和行为马上报告。结果，一位律师很快报警，因为他在自家阳台上发现有4名法国人展开一幅反对核武器的标语。

民众隔离：停工停课清外围 在举办大型会议期间，主办城市通常会选择让民众放假来缓解安保压力。菲律宾政府就宣布，11月17日至20日政府办公室及学校放假，鼓励民众到其他城市度假，或者留在家中关注会议的相关新闻。2014年11月，北京APEC会议期间，在京的事业单位也被放了一个6天的“小长假”。在放假之外，一些国家会采取更加严厉的方式限制当地居民的行动。2004年，北约峰会在土耳其首都伊斯坦布尔举行。时值国际恐怖主义猖獗，为了确保峰会安全召开，伊斯坦布尔的居民被“禁足”3天，连去超市购物，市民也要佩戴政府发放的专门证件。

政府勒令商铺停业也屡见不鲜。2012年，哥伦比亚举行美洲国家首脑会议期间，卡塔赫纳市全城戒严，连超市、饭馆也都停业了。峰会举办当天，主要街道上基本空无一人，只有执勤的警察和军人。

周界预警：道路街区重点监控 主办国一般会对会议场地周边的交通和街区实施部分管制。此次马尼拉APEC峰会期间，通往菲律宾国际会议中心的数条主要道路就被关闭，只有挂有“APEC2015PH”限定车牌的车辆才可进入管制区。

2007年悉尼APEC峰会，会议场地周边的街区也被全部关闭，要出入这个区域，需要先经过背景调查，才能拿到官方发的通行证。一位在该区域的万豪酒店打工的民众说，即便佩戴证件，走出饭店后，隔一段距离就有会安保人员过来盘问和查验证件，还要核对证件照片和本人是否一致。另外，除了路面巡逻，空军也会参与执行巡逻任务，几乎每时每刻都有直升机在会场上空盘旋。

安保人员还会动用高科技对道路、街区进行防护和监控。主会场周边都会设置高达3米、连接高压电网的“电子护栏”，企图翻越电子护栏的人会失去知觉。视频监控系统则是安保人员的“第三只眼”，巴黎发生恐怖袭击后，土耳其政府为了保证安塔利亚G20峰会的安全，就在机场到会场的高速公路上设置了350个具有人脸识别功能的摄像头，严防恐怖嫌疑人靠近会场。

入口安检：机器设备要开机检测 入口安检是会场安保的最后一道防线，在对所有会议场所进行全面清场和炸弹排查后，主办方会对进入会场的人员及其携带物品需进行最严格的安检。

一般来说，会议的安全前置时间至少在3个小时左右。此次马尼拉APEC会议的安保前置时间更是从预定的3个小时延长到4个小时。与会的新华社记者表示，他在APEC工商领导人峰会会场门口先是经历一次机器安检，进场后又经历一次非常仔细的开包手捡，包里的所有机器设备甚至需要经过开机检测。他还注意到，会场内有防爆犬、防爆小组在一旁待命，数条警犬在会场内巡逻。

安塔利亚G20峰会的会场安检也异乎寻常的严密，会场的安检甚至被隔离到会场之外。与会的央视记者称，尽管入驻的酒店离国际媒体中心只有10分钟距离，但他们每天都需要乘坐专车到“安检门”重复安检，再乘坐专车抵达目的地。安检程序分两部分进行，第一道安检比较简单，只需出示护照和记者证；第二道安检，则是要把随身携带的所有物品通过安检机检测，摄像机和电脑需要打开确定是否运转正常。

领导人保护：五道防火墙保安全 对于主办国和与会人员来说，保障与会领导人的安全可谓重中之重。根据菲律宾国家警察署的安排，除了领导人下榻的每间酒店会安排100名警察执勤，国家警察署的高速巡逻组派遣842人为各国代表团和领导人的车队保驾护航。除此之外，按照国际惯例，为了保证国家和地区领导人的出行安全，一般有五道防火墙。

最后一道防火墙则是与领导人出行沿途的医院联系，准备好急救措施，准备好与领导人血型相同的血等，一旦领导人出事就可以及时进行抢救。

除了这三个安保圈子之外，还有情报为先和超前准备。即领导人在出行前进行情报信息的搜集和整理，再根据这些情报采取相应的保护措施。这些准备工作包括领导人出行的道路必须进行事先的考察，包括地形地貌以及道路的宽度等。美国还会对经常扬言要杀了总统的人进行基本的定位，对其危险系数进行评估，再制定相应的保护措施。

第三层安保是在定点的范围内，检测监控周边任何可能对领导人构成威胁的地点，防止狙击手从远距离对领导人造成伤害。此次菲律宾的安保措施也沿用了这个惯例，即在领导人车队经过期间，附近所有高楼大厦的窗户保持关闭状态。2007年悉尼APEC峰会，有当地居民称，时任美国总统的小布什车队路过城区时，附近的手机网络都遭到屏蔽。

第二层就是让安保人员广泛跟群众密切接触，及时发现有可能对领导人构成的任何风险，对不正常的现象和苗头及时制止。这个层面的安保人员，分布范围更广，与领导人的距离没有固定的标准，身份不易识别，不细心的话，会以为他们也是群众。

五道防火墙中，首先是三层安保的圈子，第一层是领导人的贴身安保圈（即核心安保人员），他们必须随时紧随领导人左右，以防不测。他们的反应迅速，应变能力强，并随时可以牺牲自己。？笪摘自《广州日报》

第三篇：G20首尔峰会展现新兴国家能力

G20首尔峰会展现新兴国家能力

2010年11月11日-12日,二十国集团(G20)峰会将在韩国首都首尔召开。韩国是主办G20峰会的第一个亚洲国家和第一个非G7国家,而此次峰会的重点也将由应对全球金融危机转向维持世界经济稳定、强劲增长的长期议题。因此,首尔峰会将具有更加显著的转折意义。

作为成立于危难之时的G20峰会,其初始宗旨在于提供一个协调主要经济体财政、金融和货币政策的平台,帮助全球经济尽快摆脱2008年爆发的金融危机,实现经济复苏。应该说,G20取得了超出预期的成功,G20成员国在危机后一致出台一系列大规模紧急经济刺激政策,有效地遏制了经济危机的蔓延。许多国家如中国和韩国等新兴国家迅速摆脱了经济减速,恢复了快速增长,而美国、欧洲和日本等发达经济体也停止了衰退。然而随着危机的缓解,G20成员之间的分歧也迅速浮现,特别是各方对金融危机的根源和究竟应该谁为此负责有着显著不同的看法。

较之由西方发达国家组成的G7,G20因其更广泛和平衡的成员构成而受到更多的称赞和认可。我国政府也对G20有高度的期待,胡锦涛主席在多伦多峰会上表示,要“推动二十国集团从应对国际金融危机的有效机制转向促进国际经济合作的主要平台”,并“确保二十国集团在促进国际经济合作和全球经济治理中发挥核心作用”。因此,中国期望G20不仅是充当一个“救火队员”,更要成为世界经济稳定和增长的“保护神”。

但是,要实现这一目标,G20必须能够充分代表各成员国特别是其中发展中国家的利益,而不应成为少数发达国家解决双边议题、转移国际责任的场所。此次全球金融危机爆发的直接导火索是美国过度宽松的货币政策和松懈落后的金融监管,而究其根本原因则是世界经济发展中存在的各种不平衡,特别是发达国家和发展中国家之间的不平衡。这使得世界市场上的生产和消费、储蓄和投资难以达到有机的均衡,并不断积累从而造成世界经济循环的断裂。所谓全球经济失衡只是全球经济发展失衡的表现,当然也更不是全球金融危机的根源。因此,要确保世界经济真正的强劲、可持续和平衡的增长,就必须加快发展中国家的充分发展,只有这样才能持续创造世界经济的有效需求,确保世界范围内生产和消费的平衡。韩国在二战后从一个落后的农业国发展成发达经济体。和其他OECD成员相比,韩国具有最鲜活、第一手的发展经验。韩国所遭受的金融危机也使得它能充分认识到国际金融体系改革的必要性以及发展中国家在其中的需求。

由于G20目前没有一个常设的执行机构,峰会主办国在会议日程的设定上有着重要的作用。此次峰会的7个主题中,有4个是上一次多伦多峰会确立的议题,包括确保全球经济的持续复苏、建立强劲、可持续和平衡增长的框架、强化国际金融体系和改造国际金融机构。而另外3个议题则是作为东道主的韩国所提出的,包括全球金融安全网、发展议题和G20首尔商界峰会。其中发展议题的提出突出显示了韩国作为一个发展中国家和发达国家之间桥梁的角色,以及韩国致力于推动世界经济平衡增长的良好意愿。李明博总统在2010年达沃斯世界经济论坛上指出,要获得可持续和平衡的增长,缩短发展中国家和发达国家之间的发展鸿沟是必须的。

作为最大的发展中国家,中国因其快速发展和天然规模而在世界经济中占据日益突出的地位,但同时中国也面临许多艰巨的发展挑战,尤其是国内不同地区、产业、群体之间发展不平衡的问题,已经导致了诸多经济和社会难题。中国的发展需要一个更宽松、稳定的世界经济环境,也需要有更大的政策空间来处理自身的不平衡挑战。中国希望首尔峰会将是向韩国及其他国家学习发展经验的良好机会,也期待峰会能够为中国这样的发展中国家提供更多帮助。

第四篇：G20峰会相关英文

金句欣赏

1.中国改革已经进入攻坚期和深水区；

China’s reform has entered the deep water zone where tough challenges must be met.2.我们将以装饰断腕的用起、凤凰涅槃的决心，敢于向积存多年的顽瘴痼疾开刀；

We have the resolve to make painful self-adjustment and tackle problems that have built up over many years.3.敢于触及深层次利益关系和矛盾，把改革进行到底。

Particularly underlying issues and enternched interests and carry reform through to the end.4.抓住科技创新就抓住了发展的牛鼻子。

Scientific and technological innovation holds the key to development.5.青山绿水就是金山银山。

Green mountains and clear water are as good as mountains of gold and silver.6.民惟邦本，本固邦宁。

The people are the foundation of a country and only when the people lead a good life can the country thrive.7.轻关易道，通商宽农。

The governance of a country should be based on simple customs procedures, improved intrastructures, convenience for business transaction and preferntial agricultural polices.8.这是建设开放型世界经济的应有之义。

What it implies is the importance of buliding an open world economy.9.在经济全球化时代，各国发展环环相扣，一荣俱荣，一损俱损。

In the age of economic globalization, countries are closely linked in their development and they all rise and fall together.10.没有哪一个国家可以独善其身，协调合作是必然选择。No country could seek development on its own;and one sure path is through coordination and cooperation.11.一个行动胜过一个纲领。

One action counts more than a dozen programs.12.和衷共济、和合共生是中华民族的历史基因，也是东方文明的精髓。

To seek harmoy and coexistence is in the genes of the Chinese nation throughout history.It represents the very essence of Eastern civilization.13.中国坚定不移走和平发展道路。

China is committed to the path of peaceful development.14.常言说，小智治世，大智治制。

As a Chinese saying goes, people with petty shrewdness attend to trivial matters while those with greater wisdom attend to government of institutions.15.弄潮儿箱套头立。手把红旗旗不湿。

The tide riders surf the currents, the flags they hold up never get wet.16.我同各位一样，期待着二十国集团用做世界经济的弄潮儿。

I like all of you, look forward to a G20 that will ride the tides in the world economy.17.国强必需的逻辑不适用，穷兵黩武的道路走不通。China is committed to the path of peaceful development.G20杭州峰会5点“决心”

① 决心为世界经济指明方向，规划路径 Determined to set out the direction,targets and steps of G20 cooperation and depict the blueprint for future world economy.② 决心创新增长方式，为世界经济注入新动力 Determined to break a new path for growth to inject new dynamism into the world economy.③ 决心完善全球经济金融治理，提高世界经济抗风险能力 Determined to improve globle economic and financial governance to enhance the resilience of the world economy.④ 决心重振国际贸易和投资，构建开放型世界经济 Determined to revitalize international trade and investment as the key engines of growth and build an open world economy.⑤ 决心推动包容和联动式发展，让二十国集团合作成果惠及全球 Determined to promote inclusive and interconnected development so that G20 cooperation will deliver benefits to the whole world.建设好二十国集团的4点建议

1)与时俱进，发挥引领作用。The G20 must keep up with the changing times and lead the way forward.2)知行合一，采取务实行动。The G20 should fully honor its commitment.3)共建共享，打造合作平台。The G20 should become a platform of cooperation built through joint efforts that delivers benefits to all.4)同舟共济，发扬伙伴精神。The G20 should stick together as partners in meeting challenges.中国改革开放4个“伟大进程”

① 坚定不移群面深化改革，开拓更好发展前景。We will steadfastly deepen reform in an all-round way and open up brighter prosprcts of development.② 坚定不移实施创新驱动发展战略，释放更强增长动力。We will pursue an innovation-driven development stratege to create stronger growth drivers.③ 坚定不移推进绿色发展，谋求更加质量效益。We will promote green development to achieve better economic performance.④ 坚定不移推进公平共享，增进更多民众福祉。We will promote equity and sharing of developmengt outcomes to deliver more benefits to the people.全球经济治理4个“重点”

1)共同构建公正高效的全球金融治理格局，维护世界经济稳定大局。Jointly ensure equitable and efficient global financial governance, and uphold the overall stability of the world economy.2)共同构建开放透明的全球贸易和投资治理格局，巩固多边贸易体制，释放全球经贸投资合作潜力。Jointly foster open and transparent global trade and investment governance to cement the multilateral trade regime, and unleash the pitential of global cooperation in economy, trade and ivestment.3)工头构建绿色低碳的全球能源治理格局，推动全球绿色合作。Jointly establish green and loe-carbon global energy governance to promote global green development cooperation.4)共同构建包容联动的全球发展智力格局，以落实联合国2030年了持续发展议程为目标，共同增进全人类福祉。Jointly facilitate an inclusive and iterconnected global development governance to implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Suatainble Development and jointly promote the wellbeing of mankind.推动世界经济4个“药方”

① 建设创新型世界经济，开辟增长源泉。We need to bulid an innovative world economy to generate new drivers of growth.② 建设开放型世界经济，拓展发展空间。We need to build an open world economy to expand the scope of development.③ 建设联动型世界经济，凝聚互动合力。We need to build an interconnected world economy to forge interactive synergy.④ 建设包容型世界经济，夯实共赢基础。We need to build an inclusive world economy to strengthen the foundation for win-win outcomes.1)2)3)4)中国改革开放4个“伟大进程”

这是探索前行的进程。This is a course of blazing a new trail.这是真抓实干的进程。This is a course of delivering tangible outcomes.这是共同富裕的进程。This is a course of achieving common prosperity.这是中国走向世界、世界走向中国的进程。This is a course of China and the world embracing each other.

第五篇：G20峰会宣言全文(中英文)

G20峰会宣言全文（中英文）2009-04-12 15:351、在世界经济和金融市场遭遇严重挑战时，我们即二十国集团领导人于2008年11月15日在美国华盛顿举行了一次初步会议。我们决定增强相互合作，努力恢复全球经济增长，实现全球金融体系的必要改革。

2、在过去几个月，我们各国采取了紧急和特别措施以支撑全球经济和稳定金融市场。这些努力必须要继续下去。同时，我们必须推进改革以确保全球性的危机比如这次危机不再发生。我们的工作将遵循一个共同信念，即市场原则、开放的贸易和投资体制、受到有效监管的金融市场，将培养活力、创新和创业精神，这些是经济增长、就业和减少贫困所不可缺少的基本因素。

目前危机根源

3、在经济高速增长时期，资本流动性日益增长并且此前十年保持着长期稳定性，市场参与者过度追逐高收益，缺乏风险评估和未能履行相应责任。同时，脆弱的保险业标准、不健全的风险管理行为、日益复杂和不透明的金融产品以及由此引发的过度影响，最终产生了体系的脆弱性。在一些发达国家，决策者、监管机构和管理者没有充分地意识到并且采取措施应对金融市场正在扩大的风险，未能及时实施金融革新或者未能考虑本国监管不力所产生的后果。

4、除了其它原因以外，导致当前形势主要因素是不一致和不够协调的宏观经济政策、不充分的结构改革，这阻碍了全球宏观经济可持续发展，导致风险过度，最终引发严重的市场混乱。

采取和需要采取的措施

5、截止目前为止，我们已经采取了强有力的重要措施，以刺激经济，提供流动性，增强金融机构的资本，保护储蓄存款，弥补监管不力，解冻信贷市场。我们正在努力确保国际金融机构能够向全球经济提供重要的支持。

6、为了稳定金融市场和支持经济增长，还有更多的工作需要做。经济发展势头在主要经济体正在大幅度地减弱，全球经济发展预期下滑。过去十年对全球经济发展作出贡献的许多新兴市场经济体，当前尽管享受着良好的增长，但是正在日益受到全球经济下滑所带来的不利影响。

7、面对全球经济恶化形势，我们同意在紧密的宏观经济合作基础上采取广泛而必要的应对政策，以恢复经济增长，避免消极后果，支持新兴市场经济体和发展中国际。作为实现这些目标和应对长期挑战而立即采取的措施，我们将继续加强努力并且实施任何必要的更进一步的行动，以稳定金融体系。

认可货币政策支持的重要性，就同在本国所认可的一样。

在保持有助于金融可持续性发展政策架构同时，利用财政措施刺激国内需求。帮助新兴市场和发展中国家经济体在当前金融困难时期获得资金支持，其中包括流动性能力和项目支持。我们强调国际货币基金组织（IMF）在应对危机方面的重要作用，欢迎它的短期流动性支持，推进正在进行的对其设施和支持的评审，以确保灵活性。

鼓励世界银行（World Bank）和其他多边开发银行（MDB）全力支持开发计划，我们对世界银行最近在基础设施和贸易融资领域所推出的新措施。

确保国际货币基金组织、世界银行和其它多边开发银行，具有充分的资源在克服危机中继续扮演重要角色。

金融市场改革的共同原则

8、除采取上述措施以外，我们将实施改革。这些改革将加强金融市场和监管体系，以避免危机再次发生。管理是各国监管机构防御市场动荡的首要职责，我们的金融市场已经全球一体化，因此增强监管机构的国际合作，强化必须的国际标准并且予以切实执行显得非常必要，这样才能防止不利的跨边境、跨地区和全球性的影响全球发展的国际性金融混乱的出现。监管者必须确保他们的行动支持市场原则，避免对其它国家产生可能的不利影响，其中包括监管套利行为和支持市场竞争、活力和创新。金融机构对当前市场混乱也必须承担责任，应当尽自己职责克服现状，包括承担亏损，改善透明性，加强自己管理和风险管理。

9、我们承诺执行与以下改革共同原则相关的政策。

·增强透明性和责任性。我们将增强金融市场透明度，其中包括提高复杂的金融产品必须的透明性，确保公司财务状况完全和准确无误的公开。其目的是防范官员过度冒险。

·增强有效管理。我们承诺加强我们的监管体系，谨慎监督和强化风险管理，确保所有金融市场、产品和参与者受到管理或者接受监督。我们将强化对信用评级机构的监管，加强对国际行为准则的执行。在确保监管有效的同时，我们还将使监管体系在经济发展周期中更加有效率，确保创新并且刺激金融产品及服务中交易的扩展。我们承诺我们国家监管体系评估透明。

·促进金融市场诚信。我们承诺，通过对投资者和消费者保护给予支持、避免损害公众利益行为发生、预防非法的操纵市场行为和欺骗以及权力滥用行为，保护合法的金融风险。我们还将促进信息共享，其中包括尚未承诺实施关于银行保密性和透明度国际标准的地区。

·加强国际合作。我们呼吁，我们的国家和区域性监管机构在遵循一致性原则基础上制定规章以及其他措施。监管机构将加强他们同金融市场所有层面的协调和合作，其中包括跨国境的资本流动。作为首先要做的事情，监管者和其它相关当局应当在防范危机、加强管理和应对措施上加强合作。

·改革国际金融机构。我们承诺，推进布雷顿森林机构(Bretton Woods Institutions)改革，以便他们在全球经济中能够更加充分地反映不断变化的经济权数，提高其正确性和有效性。在这方面，新兴市场和发展中国家经济体，其中包括最贫穷国家，将有更多的话语权和代表权。金融稳定论坛(Financial Stability Forum，FSF)成员急需向新兴经济体扩展，其它主要标准制定机构必须迅速重新审定他们的会员组成。国际货币基金组织要同FSF及其它机构合作，更好地认识脆弱，预测潜在压力，迅速采取行动在应对危机中发挥重要作用。

部长和专家的任务

10、我们承诺，迅速行动贯彻这些原则。我们将要求我们的财政部长启动程序并且排出行动时间表。一份具体措施的最初目录将以附件“行动计划”形式推出，其中包括要在2009年3月31日之前先要完成的行动。

经与其它经济体和现有机构磋商并且吸取知名独立专家的建议，我们将要求我们的财政部长拿出更多的意见，其中包括以下具体方面：

·有利于缓解周期性波动的调控政策；

·评估和修订全球会计标准；

·增强信用衍生产品市场弹性和透明度，减少系统性风险，其中包括通过改善场外交易市场基础设施；

·评估奖励措施，这涉及风险产生激励和创新；

·评估国际金融机构授权、管理和资源要求；

·界定系统性的重要性机构范围，决定他们适当的管理和监督。

11、为了解我们在金融系统改革中发挥的作用，我们将于2009年5月之前再次召开会议，检查今天同意的这些原则和决定的执行情况。

承诺全球经济开放

12、如果致力于推动自由市场原则，这些原则包括法制、尊重私有财产、开放的贸易和投资、竞争市场和受到有效监管并且有效率的金融系统，我们觉得这些改革只能成功。这些原则对经济增长和繁荣是必须的，并且已经消除了数以百万计的贫穷，而且也提高了全球生活标准。鉴于改善全球金融业管理的必要性，我们必须过度管理，否则将损害经济经济增长并且加深资本流动性紧缩，这其中包括对发展中国家。

13、我们强调，在金融不稳定时期反对保护主义至关重要。未来12个月，我们将反对抬高投资或货物及服务贸易新壁垒，反对设置出口新限定或实施有违世界贸易组织规定的措施来刺激出口。另外，我们将努力在今年达成协议，使得世界贸易组织多哈发展议程(Doha Development Agenda)有一个圆满结果。我们将指示我们的贸易部长实现这一目标，推进最终协议的达成。

14、我们关注着当前危机对发展中国家产生的影响，特别是关注最易受损害的国家。我们重申千年发展目标的重要性，这是我们已经实施的发展援助承诺。我们将力促发达国家和新兴经济体都来承担与自己能力和在全球经济发展中扮演角色相适应的义务。在这点上，我们重申2002年在墨西哥蒙特雷举行的联合国发展筹资问题会议上达成的发展原则，这一原则强调了国家所有权并且动员了发展筹资的所有资源。

15、我们将继续致力于解决其它重要的挑战，如能源安全和气候变化、粮食安全、法治、反恐、贫困和疾病。

16、随着向前发展，我们相信通过持续的伙伴关系、合作和多边主义，我们将战胜挑战，恢复世界经济稳定与繁荣。

英文全文（来源：21世纪网）

DECLARATION ：SUMMIT ON FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THE WORLD ECONOMY

1.We, the Leaders of the Group of Twenty, held an initial meeting in Washington on November 15, 2008, amid serious challenges to the world economy and financial markets.We are determined to enhance our cooperation and work together to restore global growth and achieve needed reforms in the world’s financial systems.2.Over the past months our countries have taken urgent and exceptional measures to support the global economy and stabilize financial markets.These efforts must continue.At the same time, we must lay the foundation for reform to help to ensure that a global crisis, such as this one, does not happen again.Our work will be guided by a shared belief that market principles, open trade and investment regimes, and effectively regulated financial markets foster the dynamism, innovation, and entrepreneurship that are essential for economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction.Root Causes of the Current Crisis

3.During a period of strong global growth, growing capital flows, and prolonged stability earlier this decade, market participants sought higher yields without an adequate appreciation of the risks and failed to exercise proper due diligence.At the same time, weak underwriting standards, unsound risk management practices, increasingly complex and opaque financial products, and consequent excessive leverage combined to create vulnerabilities in the system.Policy-makers, regulators and supervisors, in some advanced countries, did not adequately appreciate and address the risks building up in financial markets, keep pace with financial innovation, or take into account the systemic ramifications of domestic regulatory actions.4.Major underlying factors to the current situation were, among others, inconsistent and insufficiently coordinated macroeconomic policies, inadequate structural reforms, which led to unsustainable global macroeconomic outcomes.These developments, together, contributed to excesses and ultimately resulted in severe market disruption.Actions Taken and to Be Taken 5.We have taken strong and significant actions to date to stimulate our economies, provide liquidity, strengthen the capital of financial institutions, protect savings and deposits, address regulatory deficiencies, unfreeze credit markets, and are working to ensure that international financial institutions(IFIs)can provide critical support for the global economy.6.But more needs to be done to stabilize financial markets and support economic growth.Economic momentum is slowing substantially in major economies and the global outlook has weakened.Many emerging market economies, which helped sustain the world economy this decade, are still experiencing good growth but increasingly are being adversely impacted by the worldwide slowdown.7.Against this background of deteriorating economic conditions worldwide, we agreed that a broader policy response is needed, based on closer macroeconomic cooperation, to restore growth, avoid negative spillovers and support emerging market economies and developing countries.As immediate steps to achieve these objectives, as well as to address longer-term challenges, we will:

Continue our vigorous efforts and take whatever further actions are necessary to stabilize the financial system.Recognize the importance of monetary policy support, as deemed appropriate to domestic conditions.Use fiscal measures to stimulate domestic demand to rapid effect, as appropriate, while maintaining a policy framework conducive to fiscal sustainability.Help emerging and developing economies gain access to finance in current difficult financial conditions, including through liquidity facilities and program support.We stress the International Monetary Fund’s(IMF)important role in crisis response , welcome its new short-term liquidity facility, and urge the ongoing review of its instruments and facilities to ensure flexibility.Encourage the World Bank and other multilateral development banks(MDBs)to use their full capacity in support of their development agenda, and we welcome the recent introduction of new facilities by the World Bank in the areas of infrastructure and trade finance.Ensure that the IMF, World Bank and other MDBs have sufficient resources to continue playing their role in overcoming the crisis.Common Principles for Reform of Financial Markets

8.In addition to the actions taken above, we will implement reforms that will strengthen financial markets and regulatory regimes so as to avoid future crises.Regulation is first and foremost the responsibility of national regulators who constitute the first line of defense against market instability.However, our financial markets are global in scope, therefore, intensified international cooperation among regulators and strengthening of international standards, where necessary, and their consistent implementation is necessary to protect against adverse cross-border, regional and global developments affecting international financial stability.Regulators must ensure that their actions support market discipline, avoid potentially adverse impacts on other countries, including regulatory arbitrage, and support competition, dynamism and innovation in the marketplace.Financial institutions must also bear their responsibility for the turmoil and should do their part to overcome it including by recognizing losses, improving disclosure and strengthening their governance and risk management practices.9.We commit to implementing policies consistent with the following common principles for reform.Strengthening Transparency and Accountability: We will strengthen financial market transparency, including by enhancing required disclosure on complex financial products and ensuring complete and accurate disclosure by firms of their financial conditions.Incentives should be aligned to avoid excessive risk-taking.Enhancing Sound Regulation: We pledge to strengthen our regulatory regimes, prudential oversight, and risk management, and ensure that all financial markets, products and participants are regulated or subject to oversight, as appropriate to their circumstances.We will exercise strong oversight over credit rating agencies, consistent with the agreed and strengthened international code of conduct.We will also make regulatory regimes more effective over the economic cycle, while ensuring that regulation is efficient, does not stifle innovation, and encourages expanded trade in financial products and services.We commit to transparent assessments of our national regulatory systems.Promoting Integrity in Financial Markets: We commit to protect the integrity of the world’s financial markets by bolstering investor and consumer protection, avoiding conflicts of interest, preventing illegal market manipulation, fraudulent activities and abuse, and protecting against illicit finance risks arising from non-cooperative jurisdictions.We will also promote information sharing, including with respect to jurisdictions that have yet to commit to international standards with respect to bank secrecy and transparency.Reinforcing International Cooperation: We call upon our national and regional regulators to formulate their regulations and other measures in a consistent manner.Regulators should enhance their coordination and cooperation across all segments of financial markets, including with respect to cross-border capital flows.Regulators and other relevant authorities as a matter of priority should strengthen cooperation on crisis prevention, management, and resolution.Reforming International Financial Institutions: We are committed to advancing the reform of the Bretton Woods Institutions so that they can more adequately reflect changing economic weights in the world economy in order to increase their legitimacy and effectiveness.In this respect, emerging and developing economies, including the poorest countries, should have greater voice and representation.The Financial Stability Forum(FSF)must expand urgently to a broader membership of emerging economies, and other major standard setting bodies should promptly review their membership.The IMF, in collaboration with the expanded FSF and other bodies, should work to better identify vulnerabilities, anticipate potential stresses, and act swiftly to play a key role in crisis response.Tasking of Ministers and Experts

10.We are committed to taking rapid action to implement these principles.We instruct our Finance Ministers, as coordinated by their 2009 G-20 leadership(Brazil, UK, Republic of Korea), to initiate processes and a timeline to do so.An initial list of specific measures is set forth in the attached Action Plan, including high priority actions to be completed prior to March 31, 2009.In consultation with other economies and existing bodies, drawing upon the recommendations of such eminent independent experts as they may appoint, we request our Finance Ministers to formulate additional recommendations, including in the following specific areas:

Mitigating against pro-cyclicality in regulatory policy;

Reviewing and aligning global accounting standards, particularly for complex securities in times of stress;

Strengthening the resilience and transparency of credit derivatives markets and reducing their systemic risks, including by improving the infrastructure of over-the-counter markets;

Reviewing compensation practices as they relate to incentives for risk taking and innovation;

Reviewing the mandates, governance, and resource requirements of the IFIs;and

Defining the scope of systemically important institutions and determining their appropriate regulation or oversight.11.In view of the role of the G-20 in financial systems reform, we will meet again by April 30, 2009, to review the implementation of the principles and decisions agreed today.Commitment to an Open Global Economy

12.We recognize that these reforms will only be successful if grounded in a commitment to free market principles, including the rule of law, respect for private property, open trade and investment, competitive markets, and efficient, effectively regulated financial systems.These principles are essential to economic growth and prosperity and have lifted millions out of poverty, and have significantly raised the global standard of living.Recognizing the necessity to improve financial sector regulation, we must avoid over-regulation that would hamper economic growth and exacerbate the contraction of capital flows, including to developing countries.13.We underscore the critical importance of rejecting protectionism and not turning inward in times of financial uncertainty.In this regard, within the next 12 months, we will refrain from raising new barriers to investment or to trade in goods and services, imposing new export restrictions, or implementing World Trade Organization(WTO)inconsistent measures to stimulate exports.Further, we shall strive to reach agreement this year on modalities that leads to a successful conclusion to the WTO’s Doha Development Agenda with an ambitious and balanced outcome.We instruct our Trade Ministers to achieve this objective and stand ready to assist directly, as necessary.We also agree that our countries have the largest stake in the global trading system and therefore each must make the positive contributions necessary to achieve such an outcome.14.We are mindful of the impact of the current crisis on developing countries, particularly the most vulnerable.We reaffirm the importance of the Millennium Development Goals, the development assistance commitments we have made, and urge both developed and emerging economies to undertake commitments consistent with their capacities and roles in the global economy.In this regard, we reaffirm the development principles agreed at the 2002 United Nations Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico, which emphasized country ownership and mobilizing all sources of financing for development.15.We remain committed to addressing other critical challenges such as energy security and climate change, food security, the rule of law, and the fight against terrorism, poverty and disease.16.As we move forward, we are confident that through continued partnership, cooperation, and multilateralism, we will overcome the challenges before us and restore stability and prosperity to the world economy.Action Plan to Implement Principles for Reform

This Action Plan sets forth a comprehensive work plan to implement the five agreed principles for reform.Our finance ministers will work to ensure that the taskings set forth in this Action Plan are fully and vigorously implemented.They are responsible for the development and implementation of these recommendations drawing on the ongoing work of relevant bodies, including the International Monetary Fund(IMF), an expanded Financial Stability Forum(FSF), and standard setting bodies.Strengthening Transparency and Accountability

Immediate Actions by March 31, 2009

The key global accounting standards bodies should work to enhance guidance for valuation of securities, also taking into account the valuation of complex, illiquid products, especially during times of stress.Accounting standard setters should significantly advance their work to address weaknesses in accounting and disclosure standards for off-balance sheet vehicles.Regulators and accounting standard setters should enhance the required disclosure of complex financial instruments by firms to market participants.With a view toward promoting financial stability, the governance of the international accounting standard setting body should be further enhanced, including by undertaking a review of its membership, in particular in order to ensure transparency, accountability, and an appropriate relationship between this independent body and the relevant authorities.Private sector bodies that have already developed best practices for private pools of capital and/or hedge funds should bring forward proposals for a set of unified best practices.Finance Ministers should assess the adequacy of these proposals, drawing upon the analysis of regulators, the expanded FSF, and other relevant bodies.Medium-term actions

The key global accounting standards bodies should work intensively toward the objective of creating a single high-quality global standard.Regulators, supervisors, and accounting standard setters, as appropriate, should work with each other and the private sector on an ongoing basis to ensure consistent application and enforcement of high-quality accounting standards.Financial institutions should provide enhanced risk disclosures in their reporting and disclose all losses on an ongoing basis, consistent with international best practice, as appropriate.Regulators should work to ensure that a financial institution’ financial statements include a complete, accurate, and timely picture of the firm’s activities(including off-balance sheet activities)and are reported on a consistent and regular basis.Enhancing Sound Regulation Regulatory Regimes

Immediate Actions by March 31, 2009

The IMF, expanded FSF, and other regulators and bodies should develop recommendations to mitigate pro-cyclicality, including the review of how valuation and leverage, bank capital, executive compensation, and provisioning practices may exacerbate cyclical trends.Medium-term actions

To the extent countries or regions have not already done so, each country or region pledges to review and report on the structure and principles of its regulatory system to ensure it is compatible with a modern and increasingly globalized financial system.To this end, all G-20 members commit to undertake a Financial Sector Assessment Program(FSAP)report and support the transparent assessments of countries’ national regulatory systems.The appropriate bodies should review the differentiated nature of regulation in the banking, securities, and insurance sectors and provide a report outlining the issue and making recommendations on needed improvements.A review of the scope of financial regulation, with a special emphasis on institutions, instruments, and markets that are currently unregulated, along with ensuring that all systemically-important institutions are appropriately regulated, should also be undertaken.National and regional authorities should review resolution regimes and bankruptcy laws in light of recent experience to ensure that they permit an orderly wind-down of large complex cross-border financial institutions.Definitions of capital should be harmonized in order to achieve consistent measures of capital and capital adequacy.Prudential Oversight

Immediate Actions by March 31, 2009

Regulators should take steps to ensure that credit rating agencies meet the highest standards of the international organization of securities regulators and that they avoid conflicts of interest, provide greater disclosure to investors and to issuers, and differentiate ratings for complex products.This will help ensure that credit rating agencies have the right incentives and appropriate oversight to enable them to perform their important role in providing unbiased information and assessments to markets.The international organization of securities regulators should review credit rating agencies’ adoption of the standards and mechanisms for monitoring compliance.Authorities should ensure that financial institutions maintain adequate capital in amounts necessary to sustain confidence.International standard setters should set out strengthened capital requirements for banks’ structured credit and securitization activities.Supervisors and regulators, building on the imminent launch of central counterparty services for credit default swaps(CDS)in some countries, should: speed efforts to reduce the systemic risks of CDS and over-the-counter(OTC)derivatives transactions;insist that market participants support exchange traded or electronic trading platforms for CDS contracts;expand OTC derivatives market transparency;and ensure that the infrastructure for OTC derivatives can support growing volumes.Medium-term actions

Credit Ratings Agencies that provide public ratings should be registered.Supervisors and central banks should develop robust and internationally consistent approaches for liquidity supervision of, and central bank liquidity operations for, cross-border banks.Risk Management

Immediate Actions by March 31, 2009

Regulators should develop enhanced guidance to strengthen banks’ risk management practices, in line with international best practices, and should encourage financial firms to reexamine their internal controls and implement strengthened policies for sound risk management.Regulators should develop and implement procedures to ensure that financial firms implement policies to better manage liquidity risk, including by creating strong liquidity cushions.Supervisors should ensure that financial firms develop processes that provide for timely and comprehensive measurement of risk concentrations and large counterparty risk positions across products and geographies.Firms should reassess their risk management models to guard against stress and report to supervisors on their efforts.The Basel Committee should study the need for and help develop firms’ new stress testing models, as appropriate.Financial institutions should have clear internal incentives to promote stability, and action needs to be taken, through voluntary effort or regulatory action, to avoid compensation schemes which reward excessive short-term returns or risk taking.Banks should exercise effective risk management and due diligence over structured products and securitization.Medium-term actions

International standard setting bodies, working with a broad range of economies and other appropriate bodies, should ensure that regulatory policy makers are aware and able to respond rapidly to evolution and innovation in financial markets and products.Authorities should monitor substantial changes in asset prices and their implications for the macroeconomy and the financial system.Promoting Integrity in Financial Markets

Immediate Actions by March 31, 2009

Our national and regional authorities should work together to enhance regulatory cooperation between jurisdictions on a regional and international level.National and regional authorities should work to promote information sharing about domestic and cross-border threats to market stability and ensure that national(or regional, where applicable)legal provisions are adequate to address these threats.National and regional authorities should also review business conduct rules to protect markets and investors, especially against market manipulation and fraud and strengthen their cross-border cooperation to protect the international financial system from illicit actors.In case of misconduct, there should be an appropriate sanctions regime.Medium-term actions

National and regional authorities should implement national and international measures that protect the global financial system from uncooperative and non-transparent jurisdictions that pose risks of illicit financial activity.The Financial Action Task Force should continue its important work against money laundering and terrorist financing, and we support the efforts of the World Bank-UN Stolen Asset Recovery(StAR)Initiative.Tax authorities, drawing upon the work of relevant bodies such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD), should continue efforts to promote tax information exchange.Lack of transparency and a failure to exchange tax information should be vigorously addressed.Reinforcing International Cooperation

Immediate Actions by March 31, 2009

Supervisors should collaborate to establish supervisory colleges for all major cross-border financial institutions, as part of efforts to strengthen the surveillance of cross-border firms.Major global banks should meet regularly with their supervisory college for comprehensive discussions of the firm’s activities and assessment of the risks it faces.Regulators should take all steps necessary to strengthen cross-border crisis management arrangements, including on cooperation and communication with each other and with appropriate authorities, and develop comprehensive contact lists and conduct simulation exercises, as appropriate.Medium-term actions

Authorities, drawing especially on the work of regulators, should collect information on areas where convergence in regulatory practices such as accounting standards, auditing, and deposit insurance is making progress, is in need of accelerated progress, or where there may be potential for progress.Authorities should ensure that temporary measures to restore stability and confidence have minimal distortions and are unwound in a timely, well-sequenced and coordinated manner.Reforming International Financial Institutions

Immediate Actions by March 31, 2009

The FSF should expand to a broader membership of emerging economies.The IMF, with its focus on surveillance, and the expanded FSF, with its focus on standard setting, should strengthen their collaboration, enhancing efforts to better integrate regulatory and supervisory responses into the macro-prudential policy framework and conduct early warning exercises.The IMF, given its universal membership and core macro-financial expertise, should, in close coordination with the FSF and others, take a leading role in drawing lessons from the current crisis, consistent with its mandate.We should review the adequacy of the resources of the IMF, the World Bank Group and other multilateral development banks and stand ready to increase them where necessary.The IFIs should also continue to review and adapt their lending instruments to adequately meet their members’ needs and revise their lending role in the light of the ongoing financial crisis.We should explore ways to restore emerging and developing countries’ access to credit and resume private capital flows which are critical for sustainable growth and development, including ongoing infrastructure investment.In cases where severe market disruptions have limited access to the necessary financing for counter-cyclical fiscal policies, multilateral development banks must ensure arrangements are in place to support, as needed, those countries with a good track record and sound policies.Medium-term actions

We underscored that the Bretton Woods Institutions must be comprehensively reformed so that they can more adequately reflect changing economic weights in the world economy and be more responsive to future challenges.Emerging and developing economies should have greater voice and representation in these institutions.The IMF should conduct vigorous and even-handed surveillance reviews of all countries, as well as giving greater attention to their financial sectors and better integrating the reviews with the joint IMF/World Bank financial sector assessment programs.On this basis, the role of the IMF in providing macro-financial policy advice would be strengthened.Advanced economies, the IMF, and other international organizations should provide capacity-building programs for emerging market economies and developing countries on the formulation and the implementation of new major regulations, consistent with international standards.