英美式英语拼写差异归纳总结(共5则范文)

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第一篇:英美式英语拼写差异归纳总结(共)

英美式英语拼写规则之异

美式英语是在17世纪的英式英语基础上发展起来的。在过去三个世纪中,美式英语和英式英语以不尽相同的方式发展着,以至今天的美式英语和英式英语在拼写上出现了一些大大小小的差异,主要表现在:

1.英式英语中一些-tre结尾的词在美式英语中拼作-ter。如:metre(英)— meter(美)米,centre(英)— center(美)中心,litre(英)— liter(美)升等。

2.英式英语的词尾-ogue在美式英语中有时写作-og。如:catalogue(英)— catalog(美)目录,dialogue(英)— dialog(美)对话等。

3.英式英语中以-our结尾的词在美式英语中常写作-or。如:favour(英)— favor(美)恩惠,honour(英)— honor(美)荣誉,humour(英)— humor(美)幽默等。

4.英式英语中需要双写辅音字母l时,美式英语中不双写。如:traveller(英)— traveler(美)旅行者,jeweller(英)— jeweler(美)珠宝商等。

5.英式英语中,以-ize结尾的许多动词也可以拼作-ise,而在美式英语中只用-ize结尾。如:realise或realize(英)— realize(美)意识到,organise或organize(英)— organize(美)组织等。

6.某些以-ction结尾的词,在英式英语中有时亦写作-xion,而在美式英语中只拼作-ction。如:connection或connexion(英)— connection(美)联系,reflexion或reflection(英)— reflection(美)折射等。

7.英式英语的词尾-gramme在美式英语中写作-gram。如:programme(英)— program(美)节目,kilogramme(英)— kilogram(美)公斤等。8.英式英语中有些以-ce结尾的词在美式英语中有时写作-se。如:defence(英)— defense(美)防御,offence(英)— offense(美)冒犯,pretence(英)— pretense(美)假装等。

9.个别单词在拼写上的差异:

aluminium(英)— aluminum(美)铝,luggage(英)— baggage(美)包裹,cheque(英)— check(美)支票,pyjamas(英)— pajamas(美)睡衣。

在单词的拼写上,美式英语与英式英语的差异远不止这些。应当指出的是,随着美国地位的确立和国际交往的日益频繁,美式英语正以不可抗拒的力量影响着英式英语,两者之间的差异正在缩小。如原来英式英语中的musick(音乐),logick(逻辑),现代英式英语中也省去了位于词尾的k而写作music, logic。既然英式英语和美式英语在拼写上存在差异,在使用英语进行写作时,我们应当注意在同一篇文章中使用统一拼写形式。用美式英语时不应掺杂英式英语的拼写方式,反之亦然。

第二篇:探析英式英语和美式英语的发展和差异

探析英式英语和美式英语的发展和差异

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摘要:英语现在已经发展成一个在全球范围内使用最广泛的语言。英语作为英美文化信息的载体和表现形式,深深地烙上了英美独有的文化印记。本文从英式英语和美式英语两种语言在音、形、意三个方面语言的差异追溯其变化原因。通过比较英式英语和美式英语的差异,可以看出社会文化因素对语言的产生和流传有决定作用,并且通过分析英语的这两大变体,折射了英美的政治经济、社会生活、国家历史、地域文化、各自的文化特异现象等等。由于英语本身具有词汇量大、包容性大、表达简洁的特点,英语语言的发展趋势将向着共同语与多样化并存的方向发展。

关键词:英式英语、美式英语、变化原因;发展趋势

目前,世界上讲英语的有四亿多人,但作为第一语言,使用人数最多,地域最广的要属是美国和英国。英语的形成,发展及使用范围也不尽相同。英语正在成为一种全球性语言。美国英语承传着英国英语的基本要素,十七世纪在美洲大陆得到了进一步丰富和发展。由于美国本身、社会和生活的独特性,因此就形成了今天英式英语(British English)和美式英语(American English)。本文将就语言的发展变化、变化原因、以及语言发展趋势进行阐述。通过研究,我们从英式英语和美式英语的差异,可以看出社会文化因素对语言的产生和流传有决定作用,通过以上对语言发展的原因和特色的分析,我们可以认识到一些英美文化的特征,而认识和了解这些特征无疑能帮助我们更准确地理解英国和美国,而对英式英语和美式英语的这两大变体的研究也让我们对语言特别是英语语言的发展有了充分的认识。

一、语言的变化

“语言总是随着社会的发展和人们生活方式的改变而不断变化。”(16)语言在很多方面发生变化,比如在词汇、语音、语法以及语义等方面。英语语言的发展可概括为三方面:“1.英语自身的发展,尽管美国仍沿用英语中的一些旧用法,但英语在英国本土得到了很大的发展。2.美国的独立发展,美国在吸收词汇的基础上,同时使自身得到了发展。3.两种语言的相互影响。它大致可以分为三个阶段:从十七世纪到美国独立战争结束,英国英语占主导地位;从独立战争结束到美国内战,美国已渐渐独立发展起来,尽管英语仍占统治地位;从内战到现在,尤其是第一次世界大战,美国开始影响英语,同时替代了英语中的一些词汇鉴于以上三方面的原因,英美语言出现一些差异是不足为奇的。”(3)

(一)、语音

美式英语和英式英语在语音方面的一些不同是显而易见的。这么一则笑话:一位英国人和美国人在火车站不期而遇。美国人性格开朗,善于结交朋友,说了几句客套话后就问:“What’s your job?”。英国人回答说“I’m a clerk.”美国人听了十分惊讶:“ Clock? Your job is to tick tick all day long? ”同一个词,美国人念[klεrk],而英国人读[cla:k]。以上这则笑话就反映了英美两国在语音方面的不同。

英国英语和美国英语发音的差异,表现在某些单词的发音上,没有一定的规律可循。常见读音差异的单词有: 例词 BE AE ate [et ] [eit ] been [bi:n ] [bin ] idyll [ˊidil] [ˊaidl] z [zed ] [zi ]

其次,两国在词重音的处理上也不尽相同且差异较大。重音的差别在英语单词中,只要是两个以上的音节,其中一个音节总要带重音。在多音节单词中,通常有两个重音。

BE使用者习惯把单词的主重音放在诸音节靠后的音节上,而AE使用者则喜欢把主重音放在前面的音节上。在许多以-ary,-ory结尾的单词和以-ate结尾的双音节词中,BE把主重音放在第二个音节上,而AE则把重音放在第一音节上。例如: BE AE anˊcillary ˊancillary laˊboratory ˊlaboratory coˊrollary ˊcorollary dicˊtate ˊdictate miˊgrate ˊmigrate 通常情况下,BE 的次重音出现在主重音的前面,而AE的次重音出现在主重音的后面,特别是复合词。例如: BE AE farmˊhouse;ˊfarmhouse iceˊcream ˊicecream 尽管英式英语和美式英语在发音上有些许不同,但是我们仍然可以很容易的对其进行区分,这也并不会造成我们学习的困难。

(二)、词汇

英式英语和美式英语虽同出一源,但在以后的发展中受到的影响不同就产生了拼写上的不同。“英语基本词汇系统是英国英语和美国英语的共同词汇核心。离开这样一个核心,无论是美国英语还是英国英语都将不复存在。(3)同词异义:相同词既出现在美国英语中,也出现在英国英语中,但分别表示完全不同的概念。例如:

例词 BE AE biscuit 苏打饼干 软饼 billion 万亿 十亿 overall 紧身裤 工装裤

2、同义异词:英国英语和美国英语分别用不同的词来表示同一概念。举例来说: BE AE 词义 lift elevator 电梯 tin can 罐头 tap faucet 水龙头 sweets candy 糖果

3、拼写差异:英式英语和美式英语虽属于同一体系,但两国在拼写体系仍略有不同。举例 BE AE 词义 ardour ardor 热情

dialogue dialog 对话 aeon eon 永世 aesthetic esthetic 审美的 analyse analyze 分析

inflexion inflection 弯曲 nbsp;sceptic skeptic 怀疑论者 mommy mummy 妈妈

尽管这两种英语在词汇的拼写、词义有所不同,但他们并不是两种语言,而是一种语言在不同地区的变体。总之,通过分析可以进一步了解两种语言的特点,丰富关于英语语言的知识,提高英语应用能力。

(三)、语法

英语和美语除了发音、拼写和词汇上存在差异外,在语法上也存在差异。对英式英语、美式英语语法上的差异进行分析对英语学习大有裨益。以下我举几个英式英语和美式英语在习惯上用法不同的例子。(1)名词:

除上文讨论的词尾变化不同外。美国英语将其他词类名词化的倾向比英国英语更为明显,特别是那些带介词的短语动词:to cook out →a cook-out;to know how →the know-how;to run down →the rundown;to be shut in →a shut-in;to stop over →the stopover等。

集合名词做主语时,英国英语的谓语动词可以是单数形式或者复数形式,美国英语几乎总是用单数形式。例如:BE :They are a family who has been very influential in the history of this country.AE/BE: The committee has decided to look into the matter further.名词作定语时,美国英语多用单数形式,而英国英语则常用其复数形式。例如:BE:The worker decided to form a new trades union.AE: The worker decided to form a new trade union.(2)动词 have ,get, make

当动词have有致使之意时,美国用have;英国对上级用get,对下级用make.英语中的to have 是个词性不明确的动词。英国人既把它用作助动词又把它用作实义动词;美国人则一律将它当作实义动词来用。例如: BE: I will get someone come.AE: I will have someone come.(3)形容词:

在美国英语中,形容词的比较可以跟在all the 之后,表示强调。而英国英语则使用any 加形容词比较级这一形式来表示强调。例如: BE: Can’t you do any better than that? AE: Is that all the better you can do?(4)过去时与现在完成时:

表示距现在不远的过去所发生或完成的事情,英国英语常用现在完成时,则美国英语则倾向于使用一般过去时。例如:

BE:I have studied your report already.AE:I studied your report already.BE:Now I know what it is!I’ve forgotten its name.AE:Now I know what it is!I forgot its name.英国英语和美国英语在语法方面的差异不太多。两国英语具有共同的语法体系,在语法上的一些细微差别正在逐渐地为对方所容纳,模仿乃至同化。只是某些语法形式在两国英语中使用的频率有所不同。然而我们要与英美人交流就必须采用他们相应的习惯用法。

二、语言变化的原因

“萧伯纳有过一句妙语:英美两国之间存在着一条共同语言的鸿沟。”(4)事实上,任何一种语言的发展变化都是一个复杂的过程,它不仅反映了一个民族或国家的文化变迁,也是历史传统、政治、经济发展的反映。语言总是随着社会的发展和人们生活方式的改变而不断变化。英语是当代国际交往中使用最广的语言,同时又是处于急速变化之中的语言。其来源有很多,“首先,科技的发展是其主要提供源。第二,动荡的政治局面和日新月异的社会环境也是其来源。第三,社会的变革冲击

着人们意识形态,也给语言的发展造成很大影响,产生了相应的语言。”(2)

(一)、政治经济 政治事件,政治人物、政治运动、政治团体、政治政策都可能导致语言的变化。有时,语言会发生剧烈的变化,尤其是在社会政治变革的时候。

在美国,2001年9月11日恐怖份子对美国纽约世贸大厦的袭击,这一事件导致许多新词的产生。其中Ground Zero用以指恐怖袭击后世贸大厦所留下的废墟。“9.11”也具有了特别的意义,特指那时的恐怖袭击。甚至Osamaniac一词也出现在媒体之中,这个词用来指代疯狂爱慕奥萨马·本·拉登的女性。

而在英国,托尼.布莱尔当选英国首相后,我们就看到一些新词出现了:Blairism,Blairist,Blairistas,Blairification,Blairite等。Watergate(水门事件)一词是由政治事件而来的,并因克林顿总统产生了white watergate(白水门事件)一词。

随着世界经济的发展,多商业方面及其他经济领域的新词像Bushnomics, Blairnomics, Bogernomics等复合词意思是“某人的经济政策”。所以Bushnomics就是“美国总统政治事件,政治人物、政治运动、政治团体、政治政策都可能导致语言的变化。有时,语言会发生剧烈的变化,尤其是在社会政治变革的时候。

在美国,2001年9月11日恐怖份子对美国纽约世贸大厦的袭击,这一事件导致许多新词的产生。其中Ground Zero用以指恐怖袭击后世贸大厦所留下的废墟。“9.11”也具有了特别的意义,特指那时的恐怖袭击。甚至Osamaniac一词也出现在媒体之中,这个词用来指代疯狂爱慕奥萨马·本·拉登的女性。

而在英国,托尼.布莱尔当选英国首相后,我们就看到一些新词出现了:Blairism,Blairist,Blairistas,Blairification,Blairite等。Watergate(水门事件)一词是由政治事件而来的,并因克林顿总统产生了white watergate(白水门事件)一词。

随着世界经济的发展,多商业方面及其他经济领域的新词像Bushnomics, Blairnomics, Bogernomics等复合词意思是“某人的经济政策”。所以Bushnomics就是“美国总布什的经济政策”,而Blairnomics则为“英国首相布莱尔的经济政策”。

大英帝国的兴衰变化,昔日的美洲殖民地摆脱了英国的统治而发展成为一 个强大的政治、经济实体。英美两国政治、经济差异不可避免地反映在两国人民的语言中,特别是语言的词汇中。(3)

(二)、社会生活

英语语言反映时代的脉搏,直接面对现实生活,具有

浓烈的生活气息。“语言文化是相联系的,语言反映文化,语言是文化的载体,语言作为一种活跃的材料,能够折射所在时代的政治、经济和文化特色、反映当时人们的精神风貌。”(4)人们不断变化的生活以及新一代人的出现也产生了一些新词。在美国20世纪60年代有嬉皮士,是指那些对社会现实不满,标新立异,具有叛逆精神的年轻人。在80年代的雅皮士,是指有待遇优厚的专业工作和富裕的物质型生活方式的年轻人。他们花钱毫不吝啬,享受着时尚生活。还有baby boomer, baby buster, lost generation, generation X以及 generation Y这些词都是美国人社会生活的反映。(161)“Here’s a ha’peeny, don’t spend it all at one shop”是慷慨地给小孩一点礼品,顺便说的一句诙谐语。半个便士“a ha’peeny”=half a penny。这句话时兴于19世纪晚期至20世纪下半世纪,1970年完全废弃。这句英国流行语的变迁也反映出19世纪末至20世纪下半世纪一般英国人的生活的变化。随着整个国民生活的提高,给小孩一点礼品不再当作一回事,这句流行语也就随之推出历史舞台。

(三)、国家历史

语言具有鲜明的社会特征,它记录和反映一个国家的历史。英语的传承与历史的发展也是密不可分的。

英语如果从公元450年的古英语算起,至今已有千百多年的发展历史了。在这段历史中,英国经历了外族人的入侵、中世纪的封建社会、资产阶级革命、工业革命、海外殖民和扩张等历史阶段,形成了与众不同的历史文化。简单举例来说,castra(军营/营地)一词便是罗马侵略者在英国长达数年军事占领的最好证明。1649年封建反动势力的总代表查理一世作为“暴君、叛徒、杀人犯和国家的公敌”被送上了断头台。Regicide(弑君)一词就是英国史无前例封建君主被斩首的历史见证。英国的第一次产业革命开始于十八世纪后半叶开始,英语中就有了flying shuttle(飞梭),spinning jenny(纺纱机)。

这一点在美国的历史上也有体现。从英国在北美建立殖民地开始美国历史上的plantation 是与早期殖民地有关的一个词语。英国殖民者1607年在北美建立的第一块殖民地Jamestown,当时被称为plantation,其旧时的英文意思是殖民地.边疆精神或开拓精神一直是美国人引以为自豪的民族文化特征的一个重要成分。20世纪50年代,黑人为反对种族歧视进行的声势浩大的民权斗争,他们创造了着名的sit-in、lie-in、swim-in等斗争方式。经过长期不懈的斗争,黑人终于赢得了integration(取消种族隔离)。

(四)、“语言是客观世界的真实写照,是一种社会现象。人们生活、劳动在一种什么样的环境中,就会产生什么样的语言。”(1)一定的文化实体总是存在于一定的地域空间内, 不可避免地体现了该地域的自然面貌特点。

由于美国和英国在地理环境、社会生活及风俗习惯方面仍有某些差异,美国中的某些词在英国中就不存在。美国国土幅员辽阔,地形变化万千。逶迤的山脉、广阔的平原、起伏的丘陵、荒凉的沙漠、平坦的高地、低洼的沼泽湖盆,以及各种各样的地形地貌在这里都找得到。例如,caribou(北美的驯鹿),sagebrush(北美艾灌丛),sequoia(红杉),the Everglades(美国佛罗里达州南部大沼泽地)等词只是美国英语特有的。

英国四面环海,岛国人的生活与海洋和水运事业有着密切的关系。对海洋的依赖与发展决定了航海民族务必使用大量与海有关的语汇,如 plain sailing(一帆风顺),go with the stream(随波逐流),on the rocks(触礁), 等。英国西临大西洋,东面欧洲大陆。欧洲大陆北部袭来的东风寒冷刺骨,大西洋徐徐吹来的西风则温暖宜人,因此才有桂冠诗人曼斯菲尔德的“It’s a warm wind, the west wind, full of bird crying.” 而反过来说,英国英语中的某些词在美国英语中也找不到,如prince(王子), duke(公爵),marquis(侯爵),knight(骑士)等词都是英国英语所特有的。

(五)、文化特异

美国着名语言学家Sapir(萨丕尔)在谈到语言和文化这两者的关系时指出:“文化可以理解为社会所做的和所想的,而语言则是思想的具体表达方式。”文化和语言的关系可以理解为内容和形式的关系。内容决定形式,形式反映内容。“英语作为英美文化信息的载体和文化主客观的表现形式,深深地烙上了英美社会所独有的文化印记。透过英语这面英美文化的内透镜,我们可以窥探到英美两国所特有的文化内容。” [10](1)

我们从语言中还能强烈感觉出英美文化的特异。美国是由移民建立的国家,From the many one(合众为一)是美国的箴言,它反映了美国的这一特色。在过去的几个世纪之中,数千万移民跨洋过海,从世界各个角落源源涌入美国。美国国名“The United States”中的United(合众),不仅指世界各民族,更指由他们带来的斑斓多姿的文化。各种民族文化风格的交错组合可以说是当今美国社会生活的一大特点。

英国贵族体制是最古老最悠久、自始至终未曾中断过的政治遗产。它从产生至今已有千余年,脉系传承,繁衍更新,等级森严,逐渐形成了以贵族院Duke/Duchess(公爵),Marquis/Marchionesses(侯爵),Earl/Countess(伯爵),Viscount/Viscount ness(子爵)和Baron/Baroness(男爵)五级世袭贵族为主体,以骑士和士绅为附属的贵族体制。

语言归根到底是一种历史和文化的积淀。用Sapir(萨丕尔)的话讲“语言不能离开文化而存在”。所谓文化,就是社会遗传下来的决定人们生活方式的习惯和信仰的总和。英语语言记录和反映了英美的特定文化风貌,从某种意义上讲,就是英美文化的历史写真。

三、英语前景预测

当代世界范围的新技术革命蓬勃兴起,经济交流趋势与全球一体化,各国人民之间的政治、经济、文化交往日益密切,人们对各种信息的需要日益急迫,各类信息正以前所未有的速度进行着超时空的传播,英语作为一种世界通用语是信息交流与信息反馈的工具,越来越显示出其在国际交往中的重要地位。当前联合国有汉、英、法、俄、西班牙和阿拉伯六种工作语言。俄、汉、阿拉伯等语种其实主要还是区域性的国际语言,英语则不同,英语环境的全球化使其具有良好基础。

社会的进步也推动着英语的发展和变化,人类历史、社会变革是推动语言发展的总动力。社会的因素以外,英语本身的一些特点也和现在全球语言的发展的需要相适应的。英语的全部词汇有一百万个,它是由本民族词汇(native words)和外来词汇(borrowed words)组成的。首先,是巨大的词汇量。现在英语词汇总量估计已经突破百万。从殖民时代开始大量的外来词汇就不断涌入英语,当今随着全球科技的发展和进步又进一步扩大了英语的词汇量。现代英语中百分之八十的词汇都属于外来词,这在一定程度上反映出英语巨大的包容性以及同其他民族文化的交融。另一点是简洁。英语以其简洁的表达方式也适应现在社会沟通交流的需要。

在美国政治、经济、文化的作用下,美国英语对英国英语正在产生广泛的影响,英国英语已经开始由一个传统意义的“输出者”变为现实生活中的“输入者”。以英式英语向美式英语靠拢为特点,英、美两国英语正在走向融合。

我们经讨论了语言发展的原因,并在此基础上对英语的现状作了分析,毋庸置疑,英语已经是一种全球范围内使用最广泛的语言,但是应该说,目前仍有好几种语言同时也具有其特性,那么英语能否能成为真正的“国际通用语”呢? 尽管当代英语各种变体已经自成一家,尽管传统语言正面临当代人,特别是当代青年的严峻挑战,一个总的趋势是可以预见的。当今,美国的影响,通过其科学技术、商业、文化、电影电视的对外传播遍及世界各地,美式的生活方式和其他带上美国标签的事物,将对全世界各个民族特别是他们的年轻人造成巨大的影响。而与此同时,英语也早已不是传统意义上的“民族”语言,它正在成为不同国家、不同民族之间的公共交流工具。对一种国际通用语言的选择,从来不会基于语言学或美学上的标准,而是往往是由政治、经济、人口来决定的。由于美国在世界的地位及其巨大的影响,作为其与世界各国沟通往来的工具,未来英语应当朝着“共同语与多样化并存”的方向发展,其中的“共同语”肯定是具有美式英语特色的。“对未来世界共同的面貌,斯大林曾这样描述为:这种世界当然既不是德语,也不是俄语和英语,而是吸收了各民族语言和各区域语言精华的新语言。[11](1)相信随着英、美两国文化的交流,英式英语和美式英语的差别会越来越小,从而会更有利于人类思想,文化和科学的发展。

参考文献:

任明崇.从语言要素看英美英语差异.[H].川东学刊(社会科学版),1997.7, 7:(3)P16.周领顺.答伯奇菲尔德博士的英美语言趋势观.[H].河南大学学报.1988,8(5):P3.任明崇.从语言要素看英美英语差异.[H].川东学刊(社会科学版),1997.7, 7:(3)P3.(美)乔志高.言犹在耳.[M].上海:上海世界图书出版公司,2001.7.2001,10.P4.胡壮麟.李战子.语言学简明教程(中文版).[M].2004.7.北京:北京大学出版社,2004.7 P161.任龙波.6从20世纪的英语流行语看英美社会文化的变迁.[H].四川外语学院学报,2001, 17(4):P2.任明崇.从语言要素看英美英语差异.[H].川东学刊(社会科学版),1997.7, 7:(3)P3.胡壮麟.李战子.语言学简明教程(中文版).[M].2004.7.北京:北京大学出版社,2004.7 P161.戴卫平.吴蓓.英语与英美文化.长沙大学学报.2001.9,15(3):P1.[10] 戴卫平.吴蓓.英语与英美文化.长沙大学学报.2001.9,15(3):P1.[11] 王家鲲.当代英语发展的某些趋势.[H].解放军外国语学院学报.1999,22(6):P1.

第三篇:中美家庭差异(英)

三 江 学 院

本科生毕业设计(论文)

题 目中美家庭差异对比

学院 英语 专业 学生姓名学号 指导教师职称 指导教师工作单位

起讫日期 2016.11-2017.5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In doing this thesis, I have benefited from the presence of my teachers and my classmates.They generously helped me collect materials I needed and made many invaluable suggestions.I hereby extend my grateful thanks to them for their kind help, without which the thesis would not have been what it is now.Particularly, I am deeply indebted to(自己填老师名字), who guided me throughout the entire process of writing this thesis.Her standards of academic excellence have made my revision an exciting and gratifying experience.Furthermore, none of this would have been possible without the help of thoseindividuals and organizations hereafter mentioned with gratitude:(自己填大学名字), the university library and its staff.ABSTRACT Family is the basic unit of society, and family members of the rules of conduct, living habits often affect the formation of this family values.Family values are generally recognized, it gradually formed a prototype of the social value system.These national values also represent the image of the people of the country to a certain extent.China and the United States due to cultural traditions, ideas, social customs and other aspects of the differences led to the two countries in the family values of many differences.In the context of cross-cultural communication between China and the United States to compare family ethics, education, marriage, etc., correctly understand and understand the differences between family values between the two countries, to cross-cultural communication to remove obstacles.The core proposition of this paper is family values.It is well known that family values are the core of the cultural value research system, which plays a decisive role in the behavior of family members.And the family is the epitome of the socio-economic form, is the most basic unit of social composition, so the family members of the valuesdirectly affect their words and behavior in society, that is, the values of society as a whole depends largely on the family Values, it can be seen that the role of family values is very important.The impact of family valueson people is important because family values are the starting point for people to accept value education.Second, the family members of the values once formed, it will not easily change, it will exist for a long time, and even affect people's life.Therefore, the impact of family values on people is more far-reaching, broad and lasting.Third, family values are closely related to the development of society.Therefore, the study of family values is necessary and important.Based on the thinking of crossChinese and American family cultures.4.Differences between Chinese and American Families Values 4.1 The Values of Chinese Families

China's history is long, its deep heritage to the Chinese social form is very clear and difficult to change.Chinese society is a collectivist cultural group, the core value of individual behavioral interests must obey the collective interests, therefore, the behavior of family members to meet the collective interests of their loved ones.The most direct manifestation of Chinese family ethics is the strong clan concept.In the context of the ancient agricultural economy and society, most of the rural areas are homed with the same ethnic groups, clan or family organizations have the production, education and even self-defense functions, the family mayor, in accordance with the family management family members.Now, the development of economy and society makes the form of clan change, the clan split into a family, but the clan concept has been inherited, still stressed the harmony between different levels of family members.Strong hierarchical concepts and the traditional moral system makes the clan between the clan to strict compliance, such as the call must be accurate.Respect for the long and young people have been living in the family, the young people must respect the elders, daily life to the elders to please, respect for smoke, seat, let way, eat when sitting is also very particular about the elderly in his later years Need to be supported.Filial piety, raising children and other traditional concepts reflect the characteristics of Chinese families.A child in a family before the general situation is the need to live with their parents, and even after marriage and their parents live together is also affirmed and praised.Life contact in marriage is also very close, often together to eat, meet, in the Spring Festival and other important festivals will meet, greetings.This kind of spiritual contact and concern is a deep-rooted standard of Chinese family clan concept, often not with the social change, the development of the times and change.4.2 The Values of American Families The history of the United States is relatively short, as a new system from the British society split out of the country, it has before the traditional British classical social values, but more of a variety of cultural inclusion and recognition, and gradually formed a large fusion Of the nation.American society advocates the recognition of personal dignity, respect for human personality is the basic composition of its social value.The concept of family gradually formed in the family also makes the recognition of individual rights to the point where nothing is added.In the United States, both economic, political, and cultural are impacted by the principle of personality first, American family values are influenced by this principle.Therefore, in American society, often pay great attention to the cultivation of individual thinking, the collective concept is relatively lacking.From the American society to see the value of the composition of the family, you can understand that this family concept is individual-centered, respect for the individual on the first place.American children in adulthood, with independent ability, the family is independent of the individual, the young people will take the initiative to divorce from the original family, even in the major festivals did not meet the moral requirements, even if not family and Reunion is not condemned, which in a certain sense is respect for the individual's rights.Personal status is protected in a family, and the integrity of the family can not replace personal decisions.And in the family of their own relatives are more general terms, the title of the simplification is also to a certain extent, showing the recognition of social habits.China's respect for the class, the collective sense of identity makes in the decision-making of large things on the more consistent, more efficient transmission of information capabilities, but the personality has been a certain degree of repression;American concept too much respect for individuals, making the United States Collective concept is relatively weak, clan concept is not strong, some collective projects to be successful to do is relatively difficult.5.Differences in Family Education between China and America The family is the most important place for enlightenment education for children, and plays an important role in the development of good habits and the development of intelligence.Family education is the most important part of all the earliest education, it is the child's thinking mode and the formation of the world view of great significance.Deng Xiaoping once said: “The basis of national modernization in the talent, the basis of talent in education, education based on the family.” China is a country that attaches importance to family education, China's deep educational and cultural traditions contain excellent family education components.For thousands of years, many people in the field of family education hard work, accumulated a lot of fruitful results.The difference between Chinese and American educational concepts has always been the focus of discussion.In the family environment, we can significantly feel the impact of family ideas on the growth of children.Social environment mapping in the concept of family education, making the concept of family education in China and China have a huge difference.5.1 Family Education in China

Chinese education, we can see the phenomenon is often the child to comply with the teacher, the parents of the arrangements, conservative and objective accumulation of basic knowledge, divergent thinking is weak, the attitude of learning is also very obedient arrangements for elders, this compromise led to students Of stereotypes, sluggish, lack of creativity.In the family education, parents attach importance to the number of children, moral education, the traditional essence of Chinese culture to the modern society.In the formal education is often very important to the performance of the child, the academic performance as a good identification of a very important measure of the expectations of the child is very high, expect them to succeed, meteoric rise.This leads to the child's daily education is extremely strict, and will not consider the child's nature of the shape, not to find children grow up in line with their personality.Therefore, in China's education can often be extreme phenomena, there can be extreme genius, but also often caused by excessive pressure caused by tragedy.Chinese parents attach great importance to the social adaptability of education, they often in accordance with the established model to develop their children, but often overlooked from the child's physical and mental development characteristics to promote its growth.They look forward to their children have a bright future, more emphasis on academic tendencies, that the child as long as the results are good, what problems can be resolved.Whether the child in the future, whether to find a good career, whether in the good times through life, these are the purpose of parental education.Based on this expectation, many parents believe that the parents of the child's responsibility is to let them live better, parents give them how much happiness to give them how much happiness.If you can give children to create the most favorable living conditions, so hard and willing to.5.2 Family Education in America

American families place children's independence and autonomy in an important position, focusing on the ability of children to adapt to a variety of environments and to survive independently.They argue that the purpose of education is not to prepare a living, but to prepare for survival.What they emphasize is the value of shaping the mind, a value that is unrelated to utilitarian or occupation.Based on this concept, they attach great importance to the child's own exercise, such as labor training, will exercise, but the most fundamental is to adapt to a variety of hardships and training of labor ability.Through the labor, let the children from childhood to develop a sense of independence and love of labor habits.In the labor and hardships to overcome difficulties, temper the will, develop their own strengths, growth and talent, to develop hard, frugal good quality.They generally believe that the growth of children must rely on their own strength, so since childhood to focus on training their self-reliance and independent living ability.American family education is focused on the identity of the child's nature, giving children the freedom to judge the power of things.This psychological buffer makes the child in the learning process can accept a lot of innovative thinking, the child's education is not limited to basic education.Relative to the focus of Chinese education on basic education, the United States is more inclined to practice.American children's freedom of control over the weekend is far greater than the Chinese children.So we can see the Chinese children are in a pressure environment to come out, the United States children in the free and open space to learn things to judge and understanding.This practice of learning is more conducive to their integration into the community, but also give them a wide range of values to choose the face.The development of children in the American family education model is more comprehensive, which makes the children in the American family earlier self-reliance, early contact with the community, the vision is more open.Chinese children in the family, education is more conservative, lack of innovation in thinking, but the basic knowledge is very solid.American education of people-oriented, excessive human indulgence will produce a relatively weak basic education phenomenon.Two kinds of education only learn from each other, to find a suitable fit point in order to achieve the optimization of education.6.Conclusion

Under the influence of different cultural values of the two countries, China and the United States have significant differences in family values.In the traditional culture of China and the United States, Chinese families are mostly used for generations.US President Bill Clinton praised the Chinese family values.Indeed, thousands of years of Confucian culture created the obligations of family members in the Chinese family-a parental responsibility, mutual support and interdependence among family members;parental respect for children in American families , The child is very young to learn for their own American rights and mother fight.There are differences between Chinese and American family values.This kind of difference embodies the nationalities and regionalities.We can not simply summarize them with differences or fusion, but only analyze the commonness and characteristics of family values in different countries in different historical periods.Only by overcoming the prejudice of European and American cultural centers can help to deepen the understanding of the uniqueness and integrity of the national family culture and social culture in order to promote mutual understanding and exchange.Today, the traditional family values of China and the United States have been hit hard by the growing globalization, and have undergone tremendous changes.We can not say which family values are better.However, with the international exchange and cultural integration of the highly developed era, the Chinese family members of the independent consciousness and respect for the independence of the consciousness is strengthened, the US family will also promote family members to each other mutual cooperation and common development.We can not expect the perfect unity of Sino-American family values, and we expect to maximize the cost of integration of different family values.In a variety of different family values set up a bridge between the communication, so that the perception of another family values from unfamiliar to cognitive, but also by the recognition to recognition, and finally slowly blending through.Thus we can see that strengthening the study and research of family values in different cultural backgrounds is of great practical significance for us to engage in cross-cultural communication and build a harmonious society.References [1] Datesman, Maryanne, Joann, American Ways: An Introduction to American Culture ,published by Pearson Education, Inc.2005.[2] Bert N., Adams,Handbook of world families, Stage Publication Inc.2005.[3] Marvin B.Sussman, Handbook of marriage and the family, Plenum Press, 1998.[4] John Locke, Of Civil Government, Second Treatise, Chicago,Henry Regency Company,1999.[5] Schwab J J.Gray-Ice H.M., Family Functioning-The General Living Sytem Research Model, New York 233 Spring: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Pub1ishers, 2000.[6]孟小佳.论中美家庭在教育方式上的差异[J].前沿,2010,(11): 193~ 195.

[7]臧兰.“价值与价值观”教学设计[J].思想政治课教学,2010,(3): 55~ 57.

[8]林吕建.“我们的价值观”笔谈——积极开展“我们的价值观”大讨论[J].观察与思考,2012,(3):4~6.

[9]郭广辉.移民、宗族与地域社会[D].成都:西南民族大学学位论文,2012. [10]于薇.全球化视野下当代中国文化价值观的嬗变与重构[D].北京: 北京交通大学学位论文,2005.

第四篇:美式英语俚语

1.I couldn't care less.这句话的意思是「我不在乎」,「缺乏兴趣」(lack of interest),也就是:I don't care at all.或 I don't give a hoot.例如:

人家如果问: What do you think of the budget-cut?(你对预算削减有何看法?)

你回答: I couldn't care less.(我毫不在乎)

至于 I couldn't care more.就是「我很在乎」(I care a lot.)或 I care deeply.同理:

I couldn't agree more.=I totally agree.(我完全同意)

2.No bones about it.意思是:真实的,诚恳的(truly, sincerely or exactly),也就是 to make no bones about it.(bone 要加 s, it 是指 something)例如:

His wife is beautiful;no bones about it.(他的太太真是很漂亮)

3.take it on me!

意思是:「这是我的,请用吧!」「这是免费的」(help yourself to it;it is free),这多半是指吃的东西或一些不贵重的东西。例如:

Here are some candies from England;take one on me.(这是来自英国的糖果,尝一个吧!)(one = candy)

可见 take 后面的 it,是指 something,而 on 的后面通常不指别人,所以多半也只用在第一人称单数 me。

(假如夫妇在一起,也可以说:Take it on us.)

4.I am from Missouri.这句话有时后面要加一句:「I need to be shown.」或「You have got to show me.」,意思是 Missouri 州的人很固执(stubborn),不太信任别人,一定要人家「证明一下」(prove it to me),所以密苏里州也被称为「The Show Me State」。

据说这句话所以流行(尤其在美国中西部)是因为美国一些名人都住过密苏里州,包括 Harry Truman, Mark Twain, Walt Disney 等。后来老外不轻易相信别人时,就使用这句话。(也有半开玩笑性质)例如:

He is not easily convinced because he is from Missouri.(他是来自密苏里州,所以不容易说服他。)

Don't try to fool me;I am from Missouri.(You have got to show me.)(别愚弄我,我是来自密苏里州。)

美国口语俚语(1)

1.clock in 打卡

Don't forget to clock in,otherwise you won't get paid.别忘了打卡,否则领不到钱。

2.come on to 对...轻薄;吃豆腐

Tanya slapped Bill after he came on to her.Tanya在Bill对她轻薄之后打了他一巴掌。3.come easily 易如反掌

Languages come easily to some people.语言学习对有些人来说易如反掌。

4.don't have a cow别大惊小怪

Don't have a cow!I'll pay for the damages.别大惊小怪的!我会赔偿损失的。

5.push around 欺骗

Don't try to push me around!别想耍我!

美国口语俚语(2)

1.keep one's shirt on保持冷静

Keep your shirt on.He didn't mean to offend you.That's just the way he talks.保持冷静。那只是他说话的惯常方式,他并非有意要冒犯你。

2.cool it冷静一点

Cool it.You are making me mad.冷静一点。你快把我逼疯了。

3.joy ride兜风

Let's go for a joy ride.让我们去兜兜风。

4.rap说唱乐

Do you like rap music? I have trouble understanding the words.你喜欢说唱音乐吗?我听不太懂其中的歌词。

5.red-letter day大日子

This is a red-letter day for Susan.She made her first sale to a very important client.今天是susan的大日子。她和一个非常重要的客户做成了第一笔生意。

美国口语俚语(3)

1.go up in smoke成为泡影

Peter’s vacation plans went up in smoke when a crisis arose in the office.办公室出了问题,peter的假期泡汤了。

2.hit the road上路

We should probably hit the road.It’s going to take us two hours to get home.我们可能该上路了吧?到家的两个小时呢!

3.shape up表现良好,乖

You’d better shape up if you want to stay on.如果你还想留下来的话最好乖一点儿。

4.scare the shit out of someone吓死某人了

Don’t sneak up behind me like that.You scared the shit out of me.不要那样从后面突然吓我。你吓死我了。

5.pull strings运用关系(源于“拉木偶的线”)

He pulled some strings and managed to get us front row seats for the concert.他运用关系替我们拿到音乐会前排的位子。美国口语俚语(4)

1.come again 再说一遍

Come again? I didn't quite understand what you said.再说一遍好吗?你刚说的话我不明白。

2.come clean 全盘托出,招供

The criminal decided to come clean.罪犯决定供出事实。

3.spring for 请客

Let me spring for dinner.我来请客吃饭吧。

4.spill the beans 泄漏秘密

Don't spill the beans.It's supposed to be a secret.别说漏了嘴,这可是个秘密哦!

5.stick in the mud 保守的人

Cathy is such a stick in the mud.She never wants to try anything new.Cathy真保守,她从不想尝试新事物。

美国口语俚语(5)

1.john厕所

I have to go to the john.Wait for me in the car.我要去厕所。在车里等我一下。

2.keep in line管束

He needs to be kept in line.He's too wild.他太野了,要好好管束一下。

3.jump the gun草率行事

Don't jump the gun.We have to be patient for a while.不要草率行事。我们应该耐心等一会儿。

4.jump to conclusion妄下结论

Don't jump to conclusion.We have to figure it out first.不要妄下结论,先把事情搞清楚。

5.lemon次

This car is a real lemon.It has broken down four times.这辆车真次,已经坏了四次了!

美国口语俚语(6)

1.fishy 可疑的

His story sounds fishy.We should see if it's really true.他的故事听起来可疑。我们应该看看到底是不是真的。

2.flip out 乐死了

Chris flipped out when I told him that we won the game.我告诉克里斯我们赢了比赛时,他乐歪了。

3.fix someone up 撮合某人

I think Xixi and Macaulay would make a perfect couple.Let's fix them up.(Haha,just kidding:)

我想习习和macaulay会是理想的一对,我们来撮合他们吧。(呵,开个玩

笑,习习和macaulay不会生气吧?:)

4.take a shine to 有好感

He really likes you.There are very few people he takes a shine to right away.他真的喜欢你。他很少对人一见面就有好感的。

5.third wheel 累赘,电灯泡

You two go on ahead.I don't want to be a third wheel.你们两个去好了,我不想当电灯泡。

美国口语俚语(7)

1.ripoff 骗人的东西

What a ripoff!The new car I bought doesn't work!真是个骗人货!我买的新车启动不了!

2.rock the boat 找麻烦

Don't rock the boat!Things are fine just the way they are.别找麻烦了,事情这样就够好了。

3.blow it 搞砸了,弄坏了

I blew it on that last exam.我上次考试靠砸了。

4.in hot water 有麻烦

He is in hot water with his girlfriend recently.近段时间他跟女友的关系有点僵。

5.put one's foot in one's mouth 祸从口出

Wally is always saying such stupid thing.He has a real talent for putting his foot in his mouth.沃力尽说这种蠢话。他真有惹是生非的本事。

美国口语俚语(8)

1.flop(表演、电影等)不卖座,失败

The movie was a flop.Nobody went to see it.这部电影卖座率奇低,没有人去看。

2.drop in/by/over 随时造访

Feel free to drop in anytime.I'm usually home and I'd love the company.欢迎随时来坐坐。我通常在家,也喜欢游人做伴。

3.drop a line 写信

Drop me a line!给我写信!

4.duck 躲闪,突然低下头

Remind little Bobby to duck his head when he crawls under the table so he won't hit his head.提醒小波比爬到桌下时要低头才不会受伤。

5.go with the flow 随从大家的意见 Sharon is an easy-going person.She just goes with the flow.沙伦是个随和的人。人家怎么说,她就怎么做。

美国口语俚语(9)

1.act up 胡闹,出毛病

The children started to act up as soon as the teacher left the room.老师一离开教室,孩子们就闹起来了。

2.ad lib 即兴而作,随口编

The comedian ad libbed most of his routine.那个喜剧演员大多是即兴表演。

3.blah-blah-blah 说个不停

All she does is go “blah-blah-blah” all night.她整夜说个不停。

4.hit it off 投缘,一见如故

They hit it off instantly and have been good friends ever since.他们一见面就很投缘,从此成了好朋友。

5.zit 青春痘

Why is it that every time I have a hot date, I break out with a big zit on my face?

为什么每次我有重要约会时,脸上都会冒出一个很大的青春痘呢?

美国口语俚语(10)

1.put someone on the spot 让某人为难

Don't put me on the spot like this.You know I can't give you confidential information.别这样让我为难,你知道我不能给你机密资料的。

2.racket 非法行业,挂羊头卖狗肉

The police are determined to break up the racket.警方决定打击这个非法行业。

3.have it good 享受得很

She really has it good.Everybody caters to her every need.她真是享受得很,大家都依着他。

4.don't knock it 不要太挑剔

Don;t knock it!You won't be able to find another job that pays so well.别挑剔了!你未必可以找到另外一个待遇这么好的工作!

5.pig out 狼吞虎咽

We pigged out on potato chips and cookies until our bellies ached.我们大吃薯条和曲奇,吃到肚子撑到痛为止。

美国口语俚语(11)

1.down in the dumps垂头丧气

The players were down in the dumps after their team lost the championship game.球员输掉决赛哪一场后个个垂头丧气。

2.horse around嬉闹 We've horsed around long enough.It's time to get to work.我们闹够了,该去工作了。

3.pass something up放弃某事物

You can't pass up this job.This kind of opportunity comes only once in a lifetime.你不可错过这个工作。这种机会一辈子才有一次。

4.go whole hog全力以赴

She went whole hog in planning he New Year's Eve party.她全心全力筹办新年晚会。

5.shoo-in长胜将军

There's no way he can lose.He's a shoo-in.他不会输的,他是位长胜将军。

美国口语俚语(12)

1.get the ball rolling开始

Let's get the ball rolling.让我们开始吧。

2.get on the ball用心做

If you hope to keep your job, you'd better get on the ball and meet the deadline.如果你还想要你的那份工作,你最好用心做,赶上最后期限!

3.lady-killer帅哥

He's a real lady-killer.他是个不折不扣的帅哥。

4.lay off停止,解雇

Lay off!I don't need you to tell me what to do!别再讲了!我不需要你告诉我怎么去做!

5.knock it off=cut it off停止

Knock it off!I'm trying to get some sleep.别吵了!我正想睡觉呢!

美国口语俚语(13)

1.have a passion for钟爱

I have a passion for blue dresses.我钟爱蓝色的衣服。

2.pep talk打气,鼓励的话

The coach gave his team a pep talk at half time, hoping to lead them to victory.教练在半场时候给球员们打起,希望将他们引上胜利之途。

3.pick someone’s brains请教某人

I don’t understand any of this medical terminology.Do you mind if I pick your brains since you’re so knowledgeable in this area?

我对医学术语一无所知。你在这方面如此在行,我能不能请教你一下?

4.pass out醉到了

He passed out after three beers.喝了三杯啤酒后他就醉倒了。

5.way back好久以前

We’ve been friends since way back.我们老早就是好朋友了。美国口语俚语(14)

1.hit someone with a problem让某人面对问题

I’m sorry to hit you with this problem.I don’t know who else to turn to.很抱歉把这个问题抛给你,我不知道还可以找谁求助。

2.have it bad for狂恋

He really has it bad for her, but she has no ideas.他狂恋着她,而她却不知道。

3.hung over宿醉未醒

Don’t disturb him.He’s still hung over from last night.别吵醒他,他宿醉仍未醒。

4. has-been过时的人或物

Lisa is a has-been.No one will hire her any more.丽莎已经过时了。没人会再雇佣她。

4.have a bone to pick with有账要算

I have a bone to pick with you.You still owe me the fifteen dollars you borrowed.我有账跟你算。你向我借的十五美金还没还呢!

美国口语俚语(15)

1.let the cat out of the bag 泄漏秘密

I won't let the cat out of the bag.我不会泄漏秘密的。

2.in the market for 想买,积极物色

People are always in the market for something new and different.人们总想买点新奇的且与众不同的东西。

3.meddle in 干涉,搅和

Harold asked his boss stop meddling in his personal life.哈罗德要求老板别再干涉他的私生活。

4.screw loose脱线,神经不对头

Bill must have a screw loose somewhere;he's acting really strangely.Bill一定是哪根筋不对,他的行动真奇怪。

5.sell someone on 以...说服某人

She sold me on her idea.I think it will work.她用她的看法说服了我,我想那行得通。

2.美国口语俚语(16)

1.hang in there忍耐一下

Hang in there.Things will look up soon.忍耐一下。事情很快就会好转的。

2.hands-off无为而治,顺其自然

He takes a hands-off approach when it comes to raising his children.他用无为而治的方式教养小孩。

3.gag me with a spoon我快吐了

Gag me with a spoon!Please don’t tell me such disgusting stories any more.我快吐了!请别再说这么恶心的故事了。

4.get a move on赶快 Get a move on.You can’t park your car here.赶快!你不能在这儿停车。

5.cook up想出

He cooked up a wonderful way to surprise his wife on her birthday.他想出一个在他太太生日时让她惊喜的妙法。(呵,女人心中的好丈夫!)

美国口语俚语(17)

1.roll with the punches逆来顺受

You have to roll with the punches if you want to survive in this business.如果你想在这一行生存下去的话,就得逆来顺受。

2.right off the bat立刻

I was all prepared to put up a fight, but he gave in right off the bat.我正准备和他大打一场,但是他马上就投降了。

3.get one’s feet wet参与,开始做

It’s not good to concentrate all your efforts on just writing.You should get your feet wet and trying painting or dancing.单单写作对你不好。你应该涉猎一下绘画或舞蹈。

4.get after盯着,责备

Ann’s mother gets after her to hang up her clothes.安的妈妈盯着她,要她把衣服挂好。

5.pan out成功,奏效

Unfortunately, the deal did not pan out.I lost a thousand dollars.这笔生意不幸没有成功,我损失了1,000美元。

美国口语俚语(18)

1.screw someone over欺负某人

After working in the office for ten years, Alice was fired for no apparent reason.How can they screw her over like that?

爱丽斯工作了十年之后,无缘无故被炒鱿鱼。他们怎么可以这样欺负她呢?

2.down to the wire等到最后一刻才开始做事

Peter always waits until the last minute to do his work.I could never leave it down to the wire like that.彼得总是等到最后一刻才开始做事。我从不想他那样等到最后一刻才开始干。

3.buck抗拒

You can’t buck the system.你无法抗拒整个制度。

4.blockhead笨蛋

Arnold is a blockhead if I ever saw one.阿诺德是我见过的最笨的人。

5.blow the lid off揭发(丑闻)

That newspaper story blew the lid off the Senator’s illegal business deals.报纸的报道揭发了参议员的非法勾当。

美国口语俚语(19)

1.round up集合 Round everybody up.It’s time for our business meeting.叫大家集合,开会时间到了。

2.put someone up留宿某人

I can put you up for a couple of days.My apartment is big enough for two people.你可以在我这里住几天。我的公寓可以住两个人。

3.take care of business负责

Who’s going to take care of business while I am away? 我不在的时候谁负责?

4.take out on拿…出气

Don’t take your frustrations out on me.别把气出在我身上。

5.hot stuff大人物

He thinks he’s hot stuff.But everybody else thinks he’s a jerk.他自以为了不得,但其他人认为他是个傻瓜。

美国口语俚语(20)

1.nitty-gritty细节,基本情况

Let’s get down to the nitty-gritty.I want to hear what happens next.让我们来认真了解详细的情况,我想知道后来发生了什么。

2.no good很糟

This typewriter is no good.Every time I use it, the ribbon falls out.这台打字机很糟。每次已用,色带就掉下来。

3.have someone’s number清楚某人的底细,看穿某人

She dare not do anything to me, I have her number.她不敢对我怎么样的,因为我对她的底细一清二楚。

4.hot number新鲜、迷人的人或事务,尤物

Tom thinks Sherry is a hot number.Tom认为Sherry是个尤物。

5.off the hook逃脱,溜掉,不受罚

I’ll let you off the hook this time, but don’t do that again.这次不罚你,下次不要这样干了。

美国口语俚语(21)

1.hunky-dory没问题

Everything here is hunky-dory.Don’t worry.别担心,这里一切都没问题。

2.I kid you not我不骗你

I kid you not.I saw this woman talking to her hand.我不骗你。我看见这个女人跟她的手说话。

3.pop one’s cork大发脾气

I’ve never seen Teresa pop her cork before.I always thought she was a very laid-back person.我从来没见过Teresa发脾气。我原来一直以为她是个好好小姐。

4.poke one’s nose into something多管闲事

Gladys is always poking her nose into other people’s business.I don’t see how she has time to take care of her own affairs.格拉迪斯总是爱管闲事,我不知道她怎么会有时间处理她自己的事。

5.pull a fast one欺骗

He tried to pull a fast one on us, but we caught on before he got away with it.他想要欺骗我们,但在他阴谋得逞之前我们就知道了。

美国口语俚语(22)

1.beats me我不知道

Beats me.We haven’t learned that.我不知道。我们还没学过那个。

2.beat it走开

Beat it!I’m busy right now.走开!我现在正忙着。

3.beat a dead horse白费口舌,白费力气

I’ve already made up my mind.There’s no sense beating a dead horse.我已经下了决心,不要再白费口舌了。

4.John Hancock签名

Put your John Hancock right here.请在这里签名。

5.keep it under raps保密

Don’t tell anyone about the party.Let’s just keep it under eraps.不要吧晚会的事告诉任何人。这件事情不要泄漏出去。

美国口语俚语(23)

1.kick around讨论;多考虑一下

Let’s kick around a few more proposals before we come to a final decision.我们最后决定之前多考虑几个方案吧。

2.junkie吸毒者

The junkie stole money in order to buy more drugs.这名吸毒者为了买更多的毒品而偷钱。

3.put away大吃大喝

I’ve never seen anybody put away so much food and still look so thin.我从未见过这么能吃的人还这么瘦。

4.put a move on挑逗

He tried to put the moves on her, but she turned him down.他想要挑逗她,但她拒绝了他。

5.put one’s ass on the line两肋插刀,不惜一切

I put my ass on the line for you.I know you’ll do the same for me someday.我为你两肋插刀,我知道有朝一日你也会为我这么做。

美国口语俚语(24)

1.drag讨厌

What a drag!There’s nothing to do here!真是讨厌!这里没什么可干的!

2.a drop in the bucket沧海一粟 The amount of money Mr.Howell spent on a new Rolls-Royce was just a drop in the bucket compared to his annual salary.豪威尔先生卖一辆辛劳斯莱斯汽车的钱和他的年薪相比不过是沧海一粟。

3.drop dead去死

Suzy told Mike, “Drop dead!” when he kept teasing her about her weight.麦克不停的取笑苏齐的体重时,苏齐说:“你去死吧!” 4.down and out穷困潦倒

Sarah was down and out after losing her job and her apartment.萨拉丢掉工作和房子后变得穷困潦倒。

5.all that jazz诸如此类

He only cares about basketball, TV, girls, and all that jazz.他只关心篮球、电视、女孩这一类事情。

美国口语俚语(25)

1.know-it-all万事通

Grace is always correcting other people.She thinks she’s a know-it-all.格雷斯总是在纠正别人,她觉得自己是万事通。

2.kooky古怪的

That man is really kooky.He has fifty-three cats!那个人真怪。他养了53只猫!

3.let someone have it让某人好看

Next time I see Rick, I’m going to let him have it.下次我看到李克时要他好看。

4.a leg up占上风

All Jeff’s hard work is paying off.He’s a leg up on the rest of his competitors.杰夫的努力是有报答的。他在竞争对手中占了上风。

5.low-life落魄潦倒的人

Chris is such a low-life.He sleeps on the park bench and drink booze all day.克利斯真是落魄潦倒。他睡在公园板凳上而且整天喝酒。

美国口语俚语(26)

1.call it quits不干了

After being in the used car business for 40 years, Harry finally called it quits.做了40年旧车生意后,哈利终于洗手不干了。

2.chip in出钱

We all chipped in to buy Jennifer a going-away present.大家都出钱买一个送别礼物给Jennifer.3.a chip off the old block一个模子印出来的;酷似(父母的人)

Scott certainly is a chip off the old block.He reminds me so much of his father when he was that age.斯克特酷似他爸爸。他让我想起他爸爸在他这年龄时的许多事。

4.clean up one’s act信心革面,重新做人

You’d better clean up your act if you want to go to a good school.如果你想金好学校就要洗心革面,奋发图强 5.cliffhanger吊人胃口的东西

TV series like Dallas usually end the season with a cliffhanger.象《达拉斯》这样的电视连续剧经常以吊人胃口的方式结束一个时节。

美国口语俚语(27)

1.bullheaded顽固,牛脾气

Terry is so bullheaded;he won’t listen to anybody else’s opinion.特利这么顽固,他听不进别人的意见。

2.bum rap责骂

Louise got a bum rap for taking sides with Richard.路易斯因为偏袒理查德而受到责骂。

3.bummer令人恶心的经历

That show was a real bummer.那场表演令人倒尽胃口。

4.burn someone up激怒某人

It burns me up when people don’t do their job right.有人没把份内的事做好就令我生气。

5.catch on to突然了解

It took Cindy a long time to catch on to what Bill was saying.辛迪许久以后才突然明白比尔所说的话

美国口语俚语(28)

Don't miss the boat.不要错失良机 Don't take it for granted.不要想当然 Don't get me wrong.不要误会 play it by ears.到时候再说 it's up in the air.还没决定好

may i take a rain check?下次好吗? red neck 乡巴佬

go down to business 言归正传

the shoes were on the other foot.时过境迁 you are a chicken 你是胆小鬼 you are a hot chick 你很火辣

market meet 专门找一夜情的派对 no sweet 没问题

no sweet without sweat.一份耕耘一分收获 cold shoulder 拒绝 cold feet 害怕

cold turkey 冷血动物 lose my shirt 一无所有 hold your horses 耐心点 hit books K书 doggy bag 打包

第五篇:美式英语与英式英语在词汇上的差异

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文,都是近期写作

从艾米莉•狄金森与李清照的诗歌看女性文化差异 浅析《廊桥遗梦》的主题思想

命运与性格--浅论《哈姆雷特》的悲剧因素 浅析中美商务沟通中的恭维语 《威尼斯商人》的新历史主义解读

关于《哈利波特》中对种族主义批判的研究

An Interpretation to The Characters in Nella Larsen’s Novel—Passing 从女性主义视角解读《飘》中斯嘉丽•奥哈拉的性格特征

The Revival of Benevolence Through Pip's Eyes in Great Expectations 从跨文化角度看中美商务谈判

海明威《老人与海》中的生态意识分析 从功能主义翻译理论看商业广告的英汉翻译

从女性主义视角解读《飘》中斯嘉丽•奥哈拉的性格特征 论爱情的毁灭:浅析《永别了武器》主题思想

从《道连•格雷的画像》透析王尔德的艺术人生观 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《海浪》的叙事技巧分析 英汉新词对比研究

英汉人称指示语的对比研究 从隐私权看中西文化差异

《大衣》中定语从句的翻译策略 CBI理论诠释及在英语教学中的应用 浅析网络字幕组运作下的美剧翻译特点 英语语言中的性别差异研究

奥斯卡王尔德《认真的重要性》中似非而是的隽语对现实世界的重塑 《游泳者》中的象征意象分析

How to Avoid Chinglish on English Writing of Senior High School Students 对小妇人心灵成长历程的探索

论《简爱》对当代女性爱情观的启示 课堂英语教学与网络英语教学的对比 词义的选择和商务英语的汉译

A Tentative Analysis of the Reasons for McDonald’s Success 从关联理论看《阿甘正传》的字幕翻译

The Principles and Approaches of Brand Name Translation “三美论”观照下的《再别康桥》英译本比较研究 论《简爱》中的疯女人

英语中称谓语的性别歧视现象

Coincidences and Images in The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles 论礼貌策略在商务信函写作中的运用 会话含义在商务谈判中的运用

从语体学论《一九八四》中的反极权主义 浅析商务谈判中的恭维语应用 文化差异对中西方商务谈判的影响 英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

关联理论视角下幽默的英汉翻译

The Developments of Marriage View over Three Periods in the West 浅析科技英语的文体特点

从荣格的原型理论看《蝇王》中杰克的形象 《政府工作报告》中的概念隐喻及其英译方法 浅谈商务函电的写作

从十字军东征看中世纪宗教冲突

A Comparison of the English Color Terms 文化语境下公示语的翻译

至美的追求—美学视角下泰戈尔的《吉檀迦利》

试析爱丽丝沃克作品中的女性主义观点——以《紫色》为例 《围城》英译本中文化负载词的翻译研究

Advertising Language: A Mirror of American Value The Study of Chinese Body Language 初中英语词汇教学法研究综述 论《双城记》中的爱情

《呼啸山庄》和《远离尘嚣》中女主人公的女性意识的对比 论简•奥斯丁《理智与情感》中两姐妹的成长 家乐福定价策略研究

Analyzing the Development of English Color Term and Its Chinese Translation 从十字军东征看中世纪宗教冲突 《苔丝》中的圣经和神话典故 文化语境对中西商务谈判的影响 从玛氏公司看英美文化对广告的影响 爱伦坡侦探小说的特征与影响 探讨英语翻译教学中的问题及改进

Analysis of the Subtitle of White Collar under Skopostheorie 用批评性语篇分析解读人际功能与话语权力的结合 黑色幽默在《第条军规》中的运用

灰姑娘文学形象在西方文化中的发展和演变研究 从生态女性主义的角度解读《喜福会》 透析《劝导》中的新女性形象

夏洛特•帕金斯•吉尔曼《黄色墙纸》中的女性主义

南方时代变迁中的胜利者与失败者——《飘》中主要角色的性格与命运对比 A Comparison of Chinese and Western Taboos of Social Communication 从《成长的烦恼》和《家有儿女》的对比看中西方家庭价值观的差异 《玉石雕像》中的非言语交流

A Summary of Symbols of The Scarlet Letter 英文小说中的中国文化认同——《京华烟云》赏析 功能目的论视角下的仿拟翻译的应用分析 从跨文化角度对中美语言禁忌的浅析 浅议提高英语阅读速度的方法

The Influences of the Bible on Some American Movies 《红字》的悲剧成因分析 英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

意象图式研究

Doomed Tragedy out of Desire-Driven Morbid Personalities in Nabokov’s Lolita 89 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 90 初中英语课堂不同文章类型教学活动研究 91 《了不起的盖茨比》中的人物分析

An Analysis of Word Formation of China English 93 功能对等理论透视下的影视片名翻译 94 论《织工马南》中的象征意义 95 广告英语中语言的性别差异 96 如何通过教师提问促进课堂互动

斯威夫特和笛福眼中的英国社会——基于对《格列佛游记》和《鲁滨逊漂流记》的比较 98 像滚石一般流浪:六十年代鲍勃迪伦歌曲中的旅行者意象 99 世纪以来英汉委婉语的语义变迁

Culture Differences between China and English-speaking Countries: A View of Body Language 101 庞德诗歌《在地铁站里》的意象分析

从礼貌原则分析美国总统就职演说辞的语用特色 103 从接受理论看赛珍珠的《水浒传》翻译

从《最蓝的眼睛》看托尼莫里森如何重塑美国黑人文学中的黑人形象 105 An Analysis of English Euphemisms Used in Literary Works 106 浅析《警察与赞美诗》中欧亨利的写作风格

The Self-image of Charles Dickens in David Copperfield 108 Approaching English Vocabulary Teaching—a Lexicological Perspective 109 浅析简•奥斯汀《理智与情感》中的婚姻观 110 模糊语言在商务英语谈判中的语用功能 111 英语新闻中委婉语的社会功用

父权制社会的傀儡—从安吉尔看父权主义思想 113 从《儿子与情人》谈家庭失和与失衡 114 对比研究中西家庭观 115 中西方空间观对比研究

从大卫•芬奇《七宗罪》看宗教极端主义 117 《尤利西斯》的象征艺术

功能对等视角下记者招待会古诗词翻译策略研究 119 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中麦琪悲剧原因分析

一场失败革命的反思——《动物庄园》的主题浅析 121 论象征在海明威《永别了,武器》中的应用 122 从词汇学角度分析英国英语和美国英语的差异 123 功能对等理论视角下汉语新词的翻译 124 从就餐细节看中美儿童个性能力的差异 125 中西方快餐的文化差异

从归化异化的角度看《围城》中隐喻及其翻译研究 127 《女勇士》中美国华裔身份危机的探寻 128 英汉问候语对比研究

跨文化视域中的英汉动物隐喻比较研究

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

Culture Teaching in College English Listening Classrooms 131 英法词汇的比较研究

基于《生活大爆炸》研究合作原则的违反 133 《中文菜单英文译法》中的归化和异化分析 134 谈日常用品广告英译汉的特色 135 商标翻译的本土化研究 136 中西广告语言中的文化差异 137 浅析《老人与海》中的悲剧色彩 138 Teleology, Religion and Contexts 139 《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克形象的解构与重建 140 从认知文体学角度分析《一桶白葡萄酒》 141 《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧探析 142 主位推进模式在语篇翻译中的应用

功能目的论视角下汉语商标的英译策略 144 Feminism in Eileen Chang's works 145 从爱情三元素理论看《了不起的盖茨比》中人物的爱情模式 146 从文化角度探析中英基本颜色词的比较和翻译 147 中西跨文化交际中的礼貌问题之比较分析

The Localization Strategy of Multinationals and Its Implications on the Chinese Multinationals Overseas 149 Film Translation in the Horizon of Relevance Theory—Based on the Film Dead Poets Society 150 从文本类型角度看旅游宣传资料的汉英翻译 151 中英广告宣传方式的比较研究

152 An Analysis of Life and Death in Mrs.Dalloway 153 On the Image of Women's Language in English 154 图式理论在英语阅读教学中的应用

155 从马洛斯的“需要层次”理论看<<傲慢与偏见>>中的婚姻观 156 Discourse, Immigrants and Identity in In the Skin of a Lion 157 以迪士尼为例分析美国文化在全球扩展这一趋势对其本身影响 158 从模因论视角看流行语“给力” 159 《喜宴》中反映出的中西文化差异 160 文化语境对中西商务谈判的影响

161 试从大卫•科波菲尔分析狄更斯的人道主义精神 162 论零翻译在公司名称汉英翻译中的应用

163 从好莱坞电影中的中国元素看美国对中国意识观念的转变 164 《老人与海》中的和谐关系

165 从《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂的悲剧看世纪初女性的社会地位 166 浅析广告发展现状及其未来发展趋势 167 浅探篮球文化的理论构建 168 中英文数字文化对比及其翻译 169 从女性主义看《呼啸山庄》

170 谁能给苔丝提供一段真正的婚姻?—浅析《德伯家的苔丝》的婚姻观 171 英汉社交称呼语礼貌规范和语用失误研究

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,公布的题目可以用于直接使用和参考(贡献者ID 有提示)

172 美国寻梦—凯鲁亚克小说《在路上》的主题研究 173 论尤金•奥尼尔《毛猿》中的悲剧根源 174 中美电子商务的选择性分析

175 简•奥斯丁的婚姻观在《傲慢与偏见》中的体现 176 苔丝形象浅析

177 从弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫的《夜与日》看女性同性爱主题的写作模式 178 浅析企业更名

179 浅谈当代大学生炫耀性消费文化

180 从关联理论的角度看英语广告中隐喻的翻译 181 小说《面纱》中的中国形象分析

182 被压抑的堕落的人性——《包法利夫人》女主人公性格分析 183 《欢乐之家》孤独灵魂的自我发现 184 《榆树下的欲望》卡博特的悲剧分析 185 解读《皆大欢喜》中的浪漫主义

186 英汉思维方式差异对英译汉结构处理的影响 187 马克吐温小说的语言特征

188 英汉颜色词隐喻的认知比较与研究

189 弗朗西斯•培根论说文风格传译策略研究

190 从《小妇人》看男性缺失时十九世纪美国女性的成长 191 从心理语言学谈提高新闻英语听力的新模式 192 外教在英语口语教学中的作用

193 情景教学法在小学英语教学中的运用

194 《欲望号街车》女主人公悲剧性命运的女性主义解读 195 从童话看中西方儿童教育的差异

196 合作原则在电影《暮光之城》人物心理分析中的应用

197 The Gothic Beauty and Spiritual Essence of Allan Poe’s Short Stories 198 论东西方文化中的体态语差异 199 国际商务谈判中的礼貌原则 200 商标翻译中的文化要素

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