第一篇：英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词（写写帮整理）
英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词
名词的分类
HongKong, China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross
个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student,book
名 普可数名词
词通集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family,school,group, people
名
词不可数名词cotton,air,tea
:work，happiness,news
2．名词的复数
可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下：
1）绝大多数在词尾加s。如：book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。如：
watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;
下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo
3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families;
以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys
4）以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v，再加es构成复数形式，如：leaf,leaves;
wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数，常见的有：
roof,chief,belief,gulf等。个别的两种方式都可以，如：handkerchief,’s,handkerchieves
5）少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记：
man→men;woman→women;Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;
tooth→teeth;child→children;mouse→mice
少数名词的单、复数形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注：fishes表不同种类的鱼)
6）复合名词：
A.含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。如：two men teachers,four women doctors
B.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如：
lookers-on旁观者，editors-in-chief总编辑, passers-by过路人
C.如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。如：
grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中间人
7）以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,glasses眼镜，scales天平，savings储蓄，findings 调查结果，doings行为，surroundings环境，arms武器，fireworks烟火，remains残余，thanks感谢，riches财富，ashes灰烬，stairs 楼梯
8）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。例如：
take pains下功夫,made preparations作准备，give regards to 问候
2.名词的所有格 1
1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。其构成多在词尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’s bike,Marx’s works
以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加“’”或“’s”。如：Engels’/Engels’s works
以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。如：students’ homework,a workers’ nightschool 一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。如：men’s clothes男士衣服 children’s books 儿童读物
2）如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个
名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。例如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间 Tom’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间
3）表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。
如：the tailor’s裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所，at my uncles在我叔叔家
4）表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示 所有
格。如：today’s newspaper,half an hour’s rest,two weeks’ work,ten minutes′walk,China’s
population,Shanghai’s industry
5）表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。如：
the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 2
6）表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属
关系。例如：
He is an old friend of my father’s.This is a picture of Mary’s.考点分析
1．He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writers
A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.weaths;workD.wealth;works
析：此题答案D。因为wealth 是不可数名词故可排除B、C两个选项;work既可作不
可数名词表“工作”意，又可作可数名词表“作品”意，常用复数形式。根据题目意思，此处work应作可数名词用，于是又可排除A。
2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in ______
international trade today.A.a;×B.the;anC.the;theD.×;the
析：knowledge 是抽象名词，一般不与不定冠词连用，但指具体“一门学问”或“一
门学问的掌握了解”可与不定冠词连用，这可称之为抽象名词具体化。类例如：a strong character 坚强的性格；a bright future 光明前途；a waste of time 浪费时间；a pressure on sb.对某人的压力；have a good time玩得痛快；He is a failure /a success as a leader 他当领导不行/很出色。抽象名词不与冠词连用是泛指一般概念、意义。如：what fun!fine weather;common knowledge 常识；Knowledge begins 因此international trade前不用冠词。
由以上两点可确定答案为A。
3.Oh, John _____you gave us!
A.How a great surpriseB.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise 析：正确答案为C。“a/an＋形容词＋抽象名词”是抽象名词具体化的常见形式。又如：
an advanced culture 一种先进文化；a great interest 极大的兴趣；do him a good kindness帮了他一个大忙。
4.She broke a _______ while she was washing up.A.glass wineB.wine glassC.wine’s glassD.glass of wine析：根据broke一词及四个选项，可确定空白处应选“酒杯”故可排除A、D；C不是表达“酒杯”的正确形式，只有B才是正确答案。英语中用名词作定语修饰名词的情况很多，这些作定语用的名词可表①分类意义②表时间、地点、称呼③表目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义。
①例： woman driver ,telephone number ,school education ,research work ,coffee cup ,English teacher ,air pollution
②例：book store ,winter sleep ,country life ,college student ,South China
③例：milk bottle ,steam boat ,goat skin ,stone wall ,gas station ,lunch room ,tooth brush
5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a
析：这是一个感叹句，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，what修饰名词。weather是不可数名词，其前不可加不定冠词a。因此这题正确答案是A。
6.Shortly after the accident ,two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order.A.dozens ofB.dozensC.dozens’ ofD.dozen
析： 正确答案是D。dozen, score ,hundred, thousand ,million等名词前面有数词或many ,several等词，且表示具体数目时，这些名词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中却加S，并与of连用:dozens of(许多的)，scores of(好几十的)，hundreds of(成百的)，thousands of(上千的)，millions of（数百万的）
7.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ______.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest
析：由题干第一句意“我会尽快调查那件事”，可知下句是要对方不要着急，故答案应为C。这是由情景，语境确定答案题目。
8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice
析：答案为A。道理同第7题。
专题练习
1._________from Beijing to London!
A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is
2.We’veworked out the plan ,and now we must put it into________.A.factB.practiceC.realityD.deed
3.Electrcity , like other forms of ________ ,has greatly increased in price.A.pressureB.forceC.strengthD.energy
4．That fellow is clever;he has ___________.A.brainB.a brainC.the brainD.brains
5.Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.A.shoes storeB.shoe’s storeC.shoe storeD.shoes’ store
6.Those ______ took lots of ______ in the Summer Palace.A.Germen;photoesB.Germen;photos
C.Germans;photosD.Germans;photoes
7.All possible means __________ to save the hero.A.has triedB.have triedC.has been triedD.have been tried
8.——Whose car is it ?
——It’s________.A.Tom and MaryB.Tom’s and Mary’s
C.Tom’s and MaryD.Tom and Mary’s
9.There are 5____ in th fields.A.heads of cattlesB.heads of cattle
C.head of cattlesD.head of cattle
10.He is the very thief the police ________ looking for.A.isB.areC.hasD.have
11.All but Jack __________ here just now.A.isB.areC.wasD.were
12.He knows almost everything.So we sayhe is a man of many _________.A.knowlegesB.presentsC.giftsD.rewards
13.Carelessness is the usual __________ of fire.A.wayB.excuseC.causeD.reason
14.The girl is quite ________to her mother now.A.a helpB.helpsC.helpD.helpness
15._______is coming to give us a lecture.A.A manager and an expertB.A manager and expert
C.Manager and expertD.Manager and an expert
16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of __________.A.stoneB.the stoneC.a stoneD.the stones
17.If you hurt her _________ ,you should apologize.A.feelingsB.feelC.feelsD.feeling
18.I’ll go and call at __________ right after school.A.the doctorB.the SmithsC.SmithD.my uncle’s
19.The shop will be closedduring_________.A.repairsB.a repairC.repairD.repairing
20.The________we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while.A.mouseB.deerC.dogD.cow
21.My brother didn’t find army life to his __________.A.likeB.tasteC.qualityD.favour
22.Though they hadn’t met for long ,he recognized her ___________.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.laughter
23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _______.A.the high spiritB.high spirits
C.a high spiritD.high spirit
24.After _______ silence ,they began to write letters to each other.A.three-yearB.a three-yearC.three yearsD.three yearss
25.If these trousers are too big ,buy a smaller__________.A.copyB.pairC.pieceD.set
26.That daughter of Jack’s is ______.A.a good funB.good runsC.good funD.good funny
27._______will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.(93年上海高考题)
A.The Evenses’B.The Evens’C.The EvensesD.The Evens
28.He is one of the most successful_______ in the city.A.newspaper’s writerB.newspaper writers
C.nesapapers’writerD.newspaper writer
29.——Where is your brother?
——At_____.A.Mr Green’sB.GreensC.the Mr Green’sD.the Greens
30.——Are you _______ ,Mr Black?
——Yes ,I speak______.A.English;the English languageB.the English;English
C.an Englishman;on English languageD.an English;English
答案
1－5DBDDC6－10CDDDB
11－15DCCAB16－20AADAB
21－25BABBB26－30CCBAA
第二篇：二。名词和主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
二．名词和主谓一致
1.名词的数
（1）.常见的不可数名词：advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck.homework.housework.information.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth.sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词（2）.有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses.clothes.trousers（裤子）.ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit（以很高的热情）.It is good manners to do sth.（做某事有礼貌）
（3）.有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同。Workun.工作 cn.作品，著作
roomun.空间 cn.房间
Experience un.经验
cn.经历
paperun.纸 cn.论文、试卷、文件（4）.名词的修饰词
只能修饰可数名词的有：each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both,(a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等 只能修饰不可数名词的有：（a）little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有：some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。2.名词的单复数
（1）.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
bus→buses;;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes box →boxes;watch →watches;actress →actresses;class →classes;dress →dresses;sandwich →sandwiches;toothbrush →toothbrushes;waitress（女侍者）→waitresses
(3).以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。candy→candies;lady→ladies;story→stories strawberry →strawberries;baby →babies;library →libraries;dictionary →dictionaries;activity →activities
(4).以-o结尾的名词，加-es，或加-s构成复数。-es:黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿。Negroes.heroes.echoes.potatoes.Tomatoes zero既可加-s，也可加-es(5).以-f或-fe结尾的名词，一般直接加-s,但下列词需要将-f或-fe去掉，加-ves 为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半
Self-selves, life-lives, thief-thieves, wife-wives, knife-knives, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, wolf-wolves, half-halves *staff(员工)→staves;scarf（围巾）→scarves(6).常见单复同形的名词 Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, series, means, fish, fruit（其中fish，fruit表示种类是，可加复数词尾，即fishes, fruits）（7）.集合名词
a.形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复数
这类集合名词包括family(家庭)，team(队)，class(班)，audience(听众)等，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。
His family is large.他的家是个大家庭。
His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他。This class consists of 45 pupils.这个班由45个学生组成。This class are reading English now.这个班的学生在读英语。
c.形式为单数，但意义永远为复数
这类集合名词包括cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n)连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。People will laugh at you.人们会笑你的。The police are looking for him.警察在找他。
Many cattle were killed for this.就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注：表示牲畜的头数，用单位词 head(单复数同形)。如： five head of cattle 5头牛，fifty(head of)cattle 50头牛 c.形式为复数，意义也为复数 这类集合名词包括goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特点是：只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语也用复数)，但通常不与数词连用。
Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive.那样的衣服很贵。3.名词的所有格
表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。如：“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandma's house”。名词所有格的构成有以下规则：(1).一般情况下，在名词的末尾加“'s”构成。如：Mike's bike迈克的自行车,Tom's books汤姆的书.(2).以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在其末尾加’如：my parents' car我父母的车,our teachers' books我们老师的书。
(3).表示几个人共同拥有的东西时，只在最后一个名字上加所有格。如：Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室;但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格.如:Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。
(4).名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时，有的习惯上可以省去不用。如：The doctor's(office)医生诊所;my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家;The barber's(shop)理发店。
(5).“of+名词”属格。
The window of the classroom教室的窗户 the capital of China中国的首都 The weather of ShangHai上海的天气.(6).双重所有格
即’s属格和of属格结合起来表示所有关系 A book of my friend’s.4.名词作定语
作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
作定语的名词有以下三种形式：
（1）.一般用单数形
a meeting room 会议室 morning exercise早操 a story book 故事书a shoe shop 鞋店
（2）.man, woman要与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。a woman teacher 一位女教师
two women teachers 两位女教师
（3）.sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。a sports meet 运动会 a goods train 货车
customs house 海关 a sales manager 营业主任 *名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别;所有格表示所属关系 The girl friend 女朋友
The girl’s friend那位女孩的朋友 5.主谓一致（1）就近原则 a.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but also，or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.Tom和他的父母都不在家。
b.在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
c.在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
d.在强调句(It’s ….that/who….)中，who/that又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
(2).意义一致原则
a.”every/each/no+名词+and every/each/no+名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。Every boy and every girl is having sports now.b.”one+单数名词+and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One apple and a half was on table.c.”more than one +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。More than one student has failed the exam.d.”many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a child was playing there.（3）。语法一致原则
只要确定主语时单数意义，则谓语用单数，主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。
a.不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数
b.“one, either, neither, each of+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语通常用单数形式。
Either of the stories is very funny.c.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Ten pounds was missing from the box.d.a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来确定谓语的单复数。This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered, e.”a number of+复数名词意思是“许多…”,表示复数意义；“the number of+复数名词意思是“…的数目”，表示单数概念。“the population of…”意思是“...的人口数量，”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但是如果有分数、百分数等修饰，指具体的其中多少人，表达复数意义，谓语动词常用复数形式。“the average of…”意思是“...的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of the student in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China ia large and most of the population are famers.f.主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as等修饰时，谓语动词的数要和这些词汇前面的名词的数保持一致 Mr.Greentogether with his children goes to the park every Sunday.g.“the+adj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数，如果个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in the accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University.h.分数、百分数或all, some, the rest, , half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义来确定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.练习
请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1.Three years _______(have)passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_______(be)really a long time.2._______(be)everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon? 3.My family _______(be)the largest one in our village.Besides, my family ______(be)all party members.4.The whole class ________(be)now listening to the teacher attentively.5.The news ______(be)very exciting.6.To learn one or two foreign languages _______(be)very important nowadays.7.The last and most difficult lesson _______(be)Lesson 14.8.I, who _______ your friend, will try my best to help you.9.The scientist and engineer _______(have)invented a new machine.10.Alice，together with her friends，_______(be)punished for having broken the school rules.11.Every girl and every boy _______(have)the right to join the club.12.—_______(be)either she or you to go and attend the meeting?—Neither she nor I________(be).13.Ancient and modern history _____(be)the subjects we are studying.14.Many a scientist _______(have)devoted their lives to science.15.The old _______(be)respected in our country.16.We each _____(have)strong points and each of us on the other hand ______(have)weak points.17.A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.(offer)
18.The police _______(be)determined to bring back the missing boy when his family ______(have)almost given up all hope.19.Only one of the students who ______ present______ to speak at the meeting.(be)
20.When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.(not decide)
21.Reading magazines and novels ________ helpful.(be)
22.It's not you but Mr.Anderson who _______ to answer for the incident.(be)
23.The number of people invited ______fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.(be)24.I don't think the poor _________ always poor.(be)25.At the meeting each man and each woman _______ praised by the manager yesterday.(be)
26.One and a half days ________ what I need.(be).27.Sixty percent of the work______.(do)
28.______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming ?(be)29.Such films as _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.(be)
30.Three fourths of the earth's surface ______ covered with water..(be)31.About 85 percent of the students _______ good , and part of them _____ interested in biology.(be)
32.Politics ______ now taught in all schools..(be)33.Our headmaster and secretary ______ kind and strict.(be)
34.More than one girl _______ late for class this morning.(be)
35.Many a student ______ in the exam.(fail)36.No boy and no girl ______ waiting for the bus.(be)37.Great quantities of fish __________________ in the river in the past few days(catch)38.This is the one of the books on the subject that ______ ever been written in Chinese(have)
39.The world's supplies of oil ________ gradually _______ up with the development of industry and the increase of cars(use)(现在进行时)40.The population of China______over 12 million and eighty percent of them _______peasants.(be)41.All but one ______ here just now.(be)42.More than 60 percent of world’s radio programs _______ in English.(be)43.A large number of students of this school ______ fond of playing football(be)44.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China now.(study)
45.Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child, and they will go a long way.(be)
46.Apples of this kind _______ good.(taste)
47.The Olympic Games _______ held every four years.(be)48.No one but her parents ______ it.(know)
49.The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.(be)
50.It is she who _______ wrong.(be)51.Twenty of us are old.The rest _______ young.52.The Smiths ______ to move into the new building(be)53.Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.(be)54.The watch and chain ______ of gold(make)55.Half the eggs ______ bad.(be)
56.There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.(be)57.A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.(be)58.Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.(have)59.My driving license, rather than my credit cards, ______lost.(be)60.Every hour and every minute ______ important.(be)
答案与解析：
1.have;is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式（第二空）;若强调数目，谓语动词用复数形式（第一空）。
2.Is。不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3.is;are。集体名词family, class等作主语时，如果强调整体（第一空），谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体（第二空），则用复数形式。4.are。
5.is。某些名词以-s结尾，表面看是复数形式，实际上是单数概念，如physics, news等，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。6.is。当主语是不定式短语，-ing形式短语或主语从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
7.is。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，如果表示的是同一概念，谓语动词一般用单数。该句意为“最后一课十四课是最难的一课。” 8.am。
9.has。两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，当and不表示并列意 义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。
10.was。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，along with，as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。11.has。两个并列的名词由each，every，no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。
12.Is;am。当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or，either...or, neither...nor或 not only...but also等连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
13.are。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。
14.has。“many a + 单数名词”作主语时，表达的是复数意义，但谓语动词要用单数。
15.are。“the+形容词 / 过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。16.have, has
17is offered 18are, have are ,is is not decided 21 is is, 23was, were 24 are 25 was 26 is has been done 28 Are were, are 30 is 31 are, are
is 33 is
was 35 has failed
is
have been caught
38.has
39.are being;used 40is;are
41were
are 43.are
studies
45is
taste 47 are…four
knows
has50 is 51 are
are
is
54.is made 55 are
is
are 58 has59 is
is
第三篇：英语语法---名词、代词和冠词
英语语法---冠词 冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，可数名词单，须用a或an，辅音前用a，an在元音前，若为特指时，则须用定冠，复数不可数，泛指the不见，碰到代词时，冠词均不现。【妙语诠释】
冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。英语语法---名词
(一）可数名词的复数构成 A.规则变化 1.单词后加S 2.单词后加ES(以CH等结尾的单词)3.以F或FE结尾，变为VE加S B.不规则变化
1.单复同形
deer sheep
fish
Chinese
Japanese
means 2.只有复数形式
people
police
cattl
clothes
trousers，glasses 3.不规则变化
man----men
woman----women
foot-----feet
tooth-----teeth mouse------mice
child-----children
German------Germans 4.复合名词的复数 1)将后一部分变成复数
Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)将主要成分变成复数
looker-on----lookers-on
son-in-law----sons-in-law
3)如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数 men doctors
women 小结
grown-up----grown-ups
名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】
单数变复数，规则要记住，一般加s，特殊有几处： 【妙语诠释】
①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox— oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。
（二）名词所有格
1.表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加’s Mr Li’s house
The cat’s food
James’ dog
The dogs’ food 2.表示无生命的东西的名词，用of+名词的结构来表示 The leg of the desk
the cover of the magazine 3.在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。Two months’ time
Today’s newspaper
fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s
the tailor’s
my uncle’s
the barber’s 5.名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用of词组+所有格表示 a friend of John’s
that bike of Tom’s 6.某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother
Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car
Tom’s and Tim’s car 小结
名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】
名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“’s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择;并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加;若为无生命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。【妙语诠释】
①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加 “’s”;③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A(三)主谓一致
主语是复数，谓语用复数，主语是单数，谓语用单数。He is a student.We are students.1
and 连接两个名词，看有无the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2
主语单数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语单数
主语复数+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+谓语复数 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，(如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原则。
There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集体名词，如family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似
His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成双成对构成的东西，如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但与a pair一起构成作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7．each , every+名词，谓语用单数。
Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8．以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also，not…but…等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。
Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词单数 + 谓语单数
…几分之几/。。百分之几+of +名词复数 + 谓语复数 Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +复数名词 +谓语复数
…the only/the very one of + 复数名词 +谓语单数 He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.
第四篇：小学英语语法-名词复数
小学英语语法名词的复数
一、名词分可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词（可数），如：book ,dog ,apple ,school 等。可数名词有复数。如: books ,dogs ,apples ,schools.2、不可数名词(不可数)，如：water ,milk , meat等。不可数名词没有复数，通常通过量词来修饰。如：a cup of water ,a bottleof milk ,a plate of meat.这里我们重点说可数名词的复数。
二、可数名词的复数。
1．一般情况下，结尾直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds。
2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ,match-matches
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries.4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-kniveswolf-wolvesleaf-leaveslife-livesthief-thieves
5．不规则可数名词的复数。
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,foot-feet,Japanese-Japanese tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,
第五篇：初中英语语法讲解整理完整文件-名词
名词
1.1名词的种类：
1）专有名词——表示人名、洲名、国各、地名、山河名、组织机构、节日、月份、星期、称呼、头衔、书报名、（由
普通名词构成的专有名词）如：Michael(迈克尔),Asia(亚有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：room—房间(可数)；空间(不可数)fish—鱼(可paper—试卷，报纸(可数)；纸张(不可数)4．不可数名词量的表达(2)词尾加(r)en，如：child→(3)单、复数相同。如：sheep→sheep；deer→deer；fish→fish；(4)有些名词只表示复数。如：people, trousers, scissors, glasses(眼镜)。
(5)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用数)；鱼肉(不可数)glass—玻璃杯(可数)；玻璃(不可数)Chinese→；Japanese→。洲),China(中国),Hong Kong(香港),London(伦敦),the Yellow 不可数名词的数量，要借助一个可数名词来表达，其结构
River(黄河),WTO(世贸组织),Christmas Day(圣诞
节),January(一月),Monday(星期一),Dad(爸爸),Mr Brown(布
朗先生),President Obama(奥巴马总统),Harry Potter(哈利·波
特),.the Great Wall(长城)
注意：1.专有名词的第一个字母必须大写2.由普通名词
构成的专有名词前一般要加定冠词the。
2)普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：
book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：(1)个体名
词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen, student, desk, book,bike。(2)集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：
family, class, people, school。(3)物质名词：表示无法分为个
体的实物，如：air, water, paper。(4)抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time, news。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。
1.2名词的数和计量
考点一：不可数名词
1．分类
不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如
rice，water，milk等)和表示动作、状态、情
况、品质等抽象概念，如work，time，health等)。常考的不可数名词还有：advice，ink，clothing，sugar，news，maths，physics，trouble，weather，traffic，information，homework，fun，progress，experience(经验)等。
2．基本用法
不可数名词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。不
可数名词前面不能使用a或 an。
3．既可数又不可数的名词 为：基数词＋单位词＋of＋不可数名词。如： 复数。如：woman teacher→women teachers女教师；man 一块面包doctor→men doctors男医生。两杯茶twocupsoftea3.可数名词的计量一般直接在其前加 三杯橘汁threeglassesoforange考点二：可数名词变复数 1.3 名词所有 1．规则变化 1．构成(1)一般在词尾加。如：lake→lakes；mouth→mouths；(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法： month→months；arm→arms；key→keys；boy→boys；grown-①一般情况下在名词后加's。如：迈克的汽车 up→grownups；pound→pounds；dollar→dollars。我妈妈的头发Mymother’shair(2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词后加。如：bus→buses；②以s结尾的复数名词只加'。如： 教师节 box→boxes；brush→brushes；sandwich→sandwiches；wish三个小时的步行threehours’walk→wishes；church→churches；glass→glasses；beach→beaches。③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加's。如：妇女节(3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变为，再加如：儿童节factory→factories；library→libraries；city→cities；country(2)无生命的名词所有格一般由“of＋名词”构成。如：我→countries；story→stories；family→families；strawberry→们教室的一张照片a picture of our classroomstrawberries； 一张中国地图[注意] 表示时间、dictionary→dictionaries；party→parties；hobby→hobbies。距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词，也可用's构成(4)以o结尾的大多加s，少数加es。如：zoo→zoos；photo所有格。如：今天的报纸today's newspaper世界人口→photos；radio→radios；piano→pianos； kangaroo→kangaroos；hero→heroes；tomato→tomatoes；2．特殊用法 potato→potatoes。(1)表示两者共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名(5)以f或fe结尾的词，变如：knife字后加's；表示各自所有，则需在每个名词后加's。如： →knives；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；half→halves；thief莉莉和露西共有的房间 Lily and Lucy's room莉莉和露西→thieves；wife→wives；wolf→wolves；life→lives。各自的房间2．不规则变化(2)表示“家”、“ 店铺”等处所。如：at Li Lei's在李雷家在不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况： 医生的诊所(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如：foot→feet；tooth→teeth；(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“of＋名词's” 或 man→men；woman→women；Englishman→Englishmen(但：“of＋名词性物主代词”。如：我父亲的一本书 a book of my German→Germans)。a friend of mine ＝ one of my friends我的一个朋友
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