第一篇:小学生作文法初探
小 学 生 作 文 法 初 探
作文是语文课教学中一个极其重要的内容,和其语文教学中的读、说、写并驾齐驱,缺一不可.
作文是学生对所学课文的再认识,再理解,也是对现实生活的再观察,再欣赏,更是对自己想象力的再思考,再加工.
小学教师要让学生写好作文,我认为应从以下引导方法入手:
让学生明白什么叫作文:作文就是用自己的手写出自己心中想说的话,要说的话;把自己想到的、听到的话或者看到的、经过的事写出来的过程。
用"字"写词:把刚学过的字,用一个自己胸中已知的词或一句话写出来。如"刀":刀子、切菜要用刀(初学汉字,可采用学生自己说,老师代为写);
用词写句.如"马上":我马上就来,你等等我吧!
用句写话.如"春天到了":春天到了,好多好多的花朵开放了,真好玩.
以上引导法适合于低段年级学生初写作文而用,教师一定要注意:一个字、一个词、一句话、一组句子,都要求学生把字写正确、写清楚、写端正、写通顺,学生写好后,要用自己的语言反复朗读,以激发学生劳动创作之后的成果 1
感、愉悦感、兴奋感。此外,教师还可以适当安排适合初学作文时的一些听写练习:字、词(出现一些成语)、句(比较优美的语句)或通俗易懂的口头禅、民间谚语、歇后语。教师念,学生写或由教师写好后教学生自己读或抄写,再由教师批改并予以辅导.
看图写话:教师有意识地出示一些简单的挂图或结合课文上的一些图画,引导学生用心思考观察,然后根据学生的想法写出图上的意思,无论写多写少教师都要予以肯定,千万不能强迫性的要学生“硬写”。
片断练习:结合语文课文的讲解或课外阅读中的文章,引导学生重点勾画文章中最精彩的句子,找出其写作顺序,让学生在理解的基础上精读.在精读的基础上领会,然后引领学生回到学生生活的大自然中去,结合所学思维所写,让学生从所学文章中去理解,去领悟,去实践并变成自己的所得.这就是学习、领悟、创作的过程,平时要多作这方面的练习。
场景练习:把学生带到实物场境之下去感受,去悟道,让学生身上各种器官都能感知,充分调动学生在客观环境作用之下的主观能动作用.激发学生手、脑互动的创作热情.让学生有效思维,从而让学生把自己的感受所得用自己的想象描述出来.如:让学生在春天繁花似锦的场景下去感受大自然的美景,写出身临其境的作品来。
演示法练习:教师或者学生在课堂上做一件具体的事,然后要求学生把所做的事的经过按照一定的顺序写出来。如做一项科学实验演示、老师拿一个苹果,展示吃苹果之前所要做的一切的事情,让学生回家去观察大人制作豆腐的过程、制作汤圆的过程、烧制某一菜肴的过程,并按一定的顺序写出来;
想象练习:教师设计出让学生富于惊奇和善于想象力的特有场面,让学生展开联想,学生把联想到的写出来.如:“一天晚上,爸妈外出了,我和小弟在家.半夜之时,电闪雷鸣,风雨交加.此时我听到了有人在敲大门的声音:„„”接下来让学生发挥想象。
又如"客车进入万山丛林之中,乘客都在尽情地享受着大自然的山山水水,忽然“大家不许动,拿出钱来"的声音惊扰了人们美好的心情:„„”接下来让学生发挥想象.
想象练习,要求教师事先要精心准备一定的让学生感兴趣的场景,否则收效不大。
听写练习:比如精典笑话,寓言故事,教师念一则有趣的故事或笑话(较短小),然后,要求学生将听到的故事情节按照自己的思路写下来;这种练习对于培养学生的想象力,组织材料的能力很有好处.
范文练习:一是教师精心挑选出适合学生喜爱的习作,教师范读,让学生领悟后予以写作;二是展示并向学生朗读
3教师针对学生学习写作而创作的习作(称为教师下水作文),引领学生予以写作;
缩写练习:结合课本的安排、根据本班学生的实际状况和教师自己的精心设计、挑选适合学生缩写的文章予以练习;
书信练习:让学生用书信的形式与教师交流,把自己心中想对老师说的话用书面语言的形式表达出来,这样也能训练学生的写作。这样既提高了学生的写作能力,又使学生与老师之间得到了心与心的沟通;
专题练习:让学生一看能写的专题。如:“老师,我想对你说„„”、“爸妈,我没有错„„”、“吃零食会是坏习惯,但我一是改不了”„等等.
批改练习:批改作文也是一种引导学生写好作文的方
法,而且是必不可少的一种训练方法,教师一定要本着对引导学生提高写作水平高度负责的精神,对每一个学生的作文认真做好“红批”,用规范化的修改符号做好校正,然后让每一个学生认真阅读教师“红批”后的作文:教师引领全体学生阅读、教师有针对性的指定某一个学生阅读、让学生相互阅读。通过学生的写作,教师的批该,学生的再领悟,再认识,使学生明白自己的原始作文与教师修改后的作文的区别,从而在写作与阅读中达到提高学生写作能力的目的。
4批改练习的总法则:教师批改是主体,学生互动可提倡,个案批改要到位,因人而异严要求(写作能力差的学生即使写一句话也一定要让其把一句话写通顺,凡是写通顺的都应毫不吝啬地即时地给予鼓励).
激发性练习:上作文课的时候,教师首要的任务之一是要激发全体学生的写作兴趣,兴趣是最好的老师。学生有了兴趣,就会振作精神,就能产生思想的火花,大脑思维活跃,此时灵感极容易产生。老师将写得好的习作念给全体学生听,或者在全校学生中交流、或者将学生的作品编成剧本,组织学生演出;或者将学生的作品推荐到报社、杂志社发表;让全体学生共同分享,从而激励写得好的学生更加向好的方面进步„„
(笔者感言:引导学生学写作文、能写作文、写出好的作文,关键在于教师。一是教师对于此类课题的态度,二是教师教学此类课题的方式、方法,三是教师的文化底蕴和丰富的知识储备)
第二篇:三段式作文法
备考2010写作专题1 三段式作文法
重点诠释:
所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。就整体篇章结构而言,如何把握较大的写作空间,三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。三段式的模式写法通常为:
1. 第一段开门见山,提出要解决的问题或观点,或者把时间,地点,人物和主要事件及时点出。
2. 第二段要摆出事实或提出论据,或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。3. 最后一段,得出结论或理由。
注意:要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂 ”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散,层次分明,表意不清等弊端,使文章条理清楚,文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有:
递进型: also,(and)besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, what’s worse, worse still, to make matters worse, for the worse, not only …but also等;
解释型:that is(to say), in other words, or,namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等; 转折型:however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the coutrary,on the other hand 等; 列举型:firstly…secondly…finally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等
举例型:for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take… for example等;
因果型:because(of), since, now that, thanks to, due to;thus, therefore, as a result(consequence),so… that, so that等;
让步型:though, although, in spite of, despite 等;
顺序型:first…next…and then…finally, first…then…after that…finally 等; 并列型:and, both…and, or, either…or, as well as, 等
时间型:afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardly…when, no sooner…than 等
总结型:in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等
见解型:in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,I’m sure 等 条件型:if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等 对比观点题型
(1)
要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1.
有一些人认为。。2.
另一些人认为。。3.
我的看法。。
The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------(理由二).Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点).The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.(2)
给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点(收集整理:
Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一).For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法). 信件开头常用语:
• You letter came to me this morning.• I have received your letter of July the 20th.• I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday.• I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.• How time flies!It’s three months since I saw you last.• Thank you for your letter.• In reply to your letter about(the exhibition this year)…;• Let me tell you that… 信件结尾常用语:
• Please remember me to your whole family.• Give my best regards(wishes)to your mother.• Best wishes.• With love.• Wish you a pleasant journey.• Wish you success.Wish you the best of health.(luck)• Looking forward to your next visit to China.• Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.• Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.阅路和应答: • Go down this street
• Turn night/left at the first crossing • It’s about…metres from here
• You can’t miss it
• In front of behind at/a the corner(不用in)• Pass two blocks • wish you good luck!英语作文万能模版 模块(1)
Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing ,(6).On the other hand ,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX.模块(2)
In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all ,(3).Then , there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that(7).In this way ,we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television 模块(3)
Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that().If you(), as a result ,your dreams willcome true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that().You donn’t have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon().With reference to my standpoint ,I think().模块(4)
For most of us today ,().From above ,we can find that the reasons why()are as follows.The primary reason ,i think, is().Second,().The third reason, actually ,is().The significance for()。Therefore ,().模块(5)
These days we often hear that().It is common that().Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social? For one thing ,().For another,().What is more, since(),it is natural that().To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying.We should do something such as()to improve he present situation ,and I do believe everything will
be better in the future.
第三篇:故事作文法
作文教学法
主要以文学故事和讨论为主的教学内涵分为三个阶段:
第一阶段以发展想象力、解放书写能力为主轴,对象是7~9岁的学生,主题以奇幻故事为主,以生活小故事为辅,两者可互相交融,发展孩子的文学书写能力。
第二阶段则以9岁以上的学生,乃至成人的年纪,教师在故事中,有意识加入文学性词汇,并将口述故事文学化,发展书写者描述内在世界、外在经验世界的语言。在这个阶段,可视年龄缩减奇幻内容,尤其是童话式的主题不宜大量在10岁以上的学生眼前出现,以免学生觉得幼稚,参与度降低。
第三阶段是10岁以上,步入青少年乃至成年人的年龄层,将主题的多元讨论扩大化,允许他们从不同观点书写文章,不致局限书写思维。并大量以经典文学为主轴,让学生亲近文学,比如以苏童、莫言、李锐、余华、黄春明、林海音、瓦历斯、汪曾祺、鲁迅、马尔克斯、福克纳、琦君、莫泊桑、契诃夫、甘耀明、徐国能、川端康成、芥川龙之介、王安忆、铁凝的文本为主题,发展文学化的口语表达,也以故事协会推展的“故事海报法”为讨论方法,每隔带领孩子阅读理解难度大的文章。
小学阶段的儿童作文,大致依照上述的三个阶段发展。初中以上的学生,发展第二阶段与第三阶段的策略,但会融入贴近学生文化的“次文化”,比如电玩、流行音乐、漫画、轻小说的元素,提炼有意义的观点,或将之与经典文学融合,深化学习者的写作能力。
第四篇:三段式作文法
2015高考英语作文指导:三段式作文法
所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。就整体篇章结构而言,如何把握较大的写作空间,三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。三段式的模式写法通常为:
1.第一段开门见山,提出要解决的问题或观点,或者把时间,地点,人物和主要事件及时点出。
2.第二段要摆出事实或提出论据,或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。
3.最后一段,得出结论或理由。
注意:要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂 ”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散,层次分明,表意不清等弊端,使文章条理清楚,文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有:
递进型: also,(and)besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, what’s worse, to make matters worse, not only „but also等;
例:You should go to see her, because she misses you, and what’s more, she needs your help.你应该去看她,因为她很想念你,更重要的是,她需要你的帮助。
You can’t play computer games too much, because it will do harm to your health.What’s worse, it will waste your time.你不能过分玩电脑游戏,因为它会损害你的身体。更糟糕的是,它会浪费你的时间。解释型:that is(to say), in other words, or,namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等;例: He will come on National Day, that is(to say), October 1st.他国庆节,即十月一日来。
转折型:however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the coutrary,on the other hand 等;例:Mr.Crook didn’t come back at the usual time.instead , he met some friends and stayed out until midnight 列举型:firstly„secondly„finally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等
On the one hand, a lot of people going to the US, but on the other hand, a lot of people coming back from there.一方面,许多人前往美国;另一方面,很多人又从那回来。
I can't stay here for long.For one thing, I've no time.For another, I've no money.我不能在此逗留太久。首先,我没时间,其次,我没有钱。
举例型:for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take„ for example等;
因果型:because(of), since, now that, thanks to, due to;thus, therefore, as a result(consequence),so„ that, so that等;
让步型:though, although, in spite of, despite 等;
顺序型:first„next„and then„finally, first„then„after that„finally 等;
并列型:and, both„and, or, either„or, as well as, 等 时间型:afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardly„when, no sooner„than 等
例:I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.我一到家天就下起雨来(主句用过去完成时,“than”后面的从句用一般过去时)
No sooner...than...常放在句首,表示强调.这时主句要倒装.No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.hardly...when 意思为:“还没...就...”
We had hardly gotten there when it began to rain.我们还没到那儿,天就下起雨了.(主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时)总结型:in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等 见解型:in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,I’m sure 等
条件型:if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等.例:You may take this book away so long as you return it on time.
第五篇:三段式作文法123
三段式作文法 重点诠释:
所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。就整体篇章结构而言,如何把握较大的写作空间,三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。三段式的模式写法通常为:
1.第一段开门见山,提出要解决的问题或观点,或者把时间,地点,人物和主要事件及时点出。
2.第二段要摆出事实或提出论据,或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。3.最后一段,得出结论或理由。
注意:要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂 ”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散,层次分明,表意不清等弊端,使文章条理清楚,文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有: 递进型: also,(and)besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, what’s worse, worse still, to make matters worse, for the worse, not only…but also等;
解释型:that is(to say), in other words, or, namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等;
转折型:however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等;
列举型:firstly…secondly…finally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等
举例型:for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take… for example等; 因果型:because(of), since, now that, thanks to, due to;thus, therefore, as a result(consequence),so… that, so that等; 让步型:though, although, in spite of, despite 等; 顺序型:first…next…and then…finally, first…then…after that…finally 等; 并列型:and, both…and, or, either…or, as well as, 等
时间型:afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ on doing, hardly…when, no sooner…than 等
总结型:in a word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion 等
见解型:in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned,I’m sure 等 条件型:if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等