第一篇：省委党校2007年专业理论研究生入学考试
中共山东省委党校
2007年专业理论研究生入学考试
考试科目：政治理论
注意事项：
1、本试卷有4道大题（共15个小题），满分100分。
2、本试卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷。答题一律答在答题卷上，答在该试题卷上或者草稿纸上均无效。要注意试卷整洁，不要乱涂乱划；不得在答题卷上作任何标志。
3、须用蓝、黑钢笔或圆珠笔答题其他均无效。
一、名词解释：（每小题3分，共计15分）
1、主体
2、资本周转
3、人的自由而全面的发展
4、“三反”“五反”运动
5、邓小平关于现代化建设的“三步走”战略
二、辨析题（先判断对错，再说明理由。每小题5分，共计15分）
1、历史是由追求着自己目的的人的活动构成的，不可能不依人的意志为转移。
2、生产商品的劳动的二重性是价值和使用价值。
3、人民民主专政本质上就是无产阶级专政。
三、简答题（每小题6分，共计30分）
1、简述对立统一规律在唯物辩证法理论体系中的地位。
2、简述社会主义国家国民收入分配的原则。
3、简述社会主义社会的基本特征。
4、简述改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式的途径。
5、简述社会主义的根本任务。
四、论述题（每小题20分，共计40分）
1、十六大以来我们党奉行了“用发展着的马克思主义指导新的实践”的思想。结合相关学科谈谈你对这个思想的科学依据以及现实意义的理解。
2、根据唯物辩证法中的矛盾原理论述该如何认识与处理社会主义与资本主义的相互关系。
第二篇：山东省委党校2018在职研究生入学考试复习题范文
《政治理论》复习参考题型
一、概念 1.按劳分配 2.独立自主
3.供给侧结构性改革 4.和平共处五项原则 5.基本经济制度 6.民主集中制 7.商品
8.社会主义初级阶段
9.社会主义初级阶段的基本路线 10.社会主义初级阶段主要矛盾 11.生态文明 12.实事求是 13.市场机制三要素 14.物质 15.一国两制
16.战时共产主义政策 17.政策
18.中国特色社会主义道路的内涵 19.五大发展理念 20.经济发展方式
二、辨析
1.按劳分配是与社会主义生产资料公有制相适应的分配方式
2.对立统一规律是辩证法的实质和核心 3.改革开放前后的历史不能相互否定 4.改革开放前后两个历史时期是根本对立的
5.工人阶级已经不是建设中国特色社会主义的主力军 6.供给侧结构性改革就是放松管制
7.加强和改进党的作风建设，核心问题是保持党同人民群众的血肉联系
8.经济工作是一切工作的生命线 9.商品交换会产生剩余价值
10.商品生产从产生到资本主义时期，经历了简单商品生产、资本主义商品生产。
11.社会主义经济制度的所有制基础是公有制 12.剩余价值的生产不具有无限性 13.围绕党的中心任务进行思想政治工作
14.我国社会主要矛盾的变化，改变了我们对我国社会主义所处历史阶段的判断。
15.先进文化是社会主义现代化建设的重要保证 16.一个国家的革命和建设只能依靠本国人民的力量 17.中国共产党是中国革命和社会主义事业的领导核心 18.主要矛盾和次要矛盾是固定不变的
19.中国共产党的领导地位是由党的先进性决定的 20.思想政治工作是一切工作的生命线
三、简答
1.辩证唯物主义认识论的三个基本结论 2.帝国主义的经济特征
3.加强党的执政能力建设的总体目标 4.价值规律的作用
5.简述和平共处五项原则的主要内容 6.简述列宁关于建设社会主义的理论思考 7.简述列宁主义的建党学说 8.简述新经济政策的主要内容
9.简述中国特色社会主义理论体系的基本问题 10.建设中国特色社会主义的总依据 11.劳动力商品价值的内容
12.毛泽东对思想政治工作重要性的阐述 13.毛泽东思想的活的灵魂
14.全面建成小康社会必须遵循的原则和新目标 15.全面建成小康社会的战略目标
16.全面推进依法治国必须遵循的基本原则 17.全面推进依法治国的总目标 18.如何规范收入分配关系
19.如何坚定中国特色社会主义的道路自信 20.深化政治体制改革的必要性 21.新民主主义革命“新”在何处 22.运用唯物辩证法应当注意的原则 23.资本的特殊性质
四、论述
1.“五位一体”总布局的内涵和特点
2.全面深化改革的总目标、立足点和战略部署 3.如何提高党的建设科学化水平 4.社会主义的历史必然性
5.实现党的领导核心地位必须坚持党要管党、从严治党的方针
6.试述坚持和拓宽中国特色社会主义道路必须坚持的原则
7.试述新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活的基本内容 8.试述中国特色社会主义制度的特点和优势
《现代管理学》复习参考题型
一、概念 1.法律监督 2.风险型决策 3.管理
4.管理的经济方法 5.管理的系统观念 6.管理的循环规律 7.管理共有规律 8.管理计划 9.管理技巧性规律 10.管理客体 11.管理派生规律 12.管理艺术 13.管理主体 14.广义的管理决策 15.行政监督 16.计划的效率性 17.经济监督 18.评价 19.确定型决策
20.现代管理技术 21.指导性计划 22.指令性计划
二、辨析
1.按照管理者的位置和层次，可以把管理者分为高层管理者、中层管理者和基层管理者。
2.按照管理者的职责，可以把管理者分为一般管理者和管理中的领导者。
3.按照管理者所管理的对象，可以把管理者分为行政管理者、经济管理者、科技管理者、文教卫生管理者等。4.把直线制和矩阵制有机结合起来是直线职能制组织形式最大的特点。
5.高级管理者需要管理艺术，而一般管理者不需要管理艺术。
6.管理的二重性是指管理具有经济属性和社会属性 7.管理的社会属性是指任何管理都是社会劳动或共同劳动的客观要求，都要按社会劳动或社会化大生产的客观规律办事。
8.管理的自然属性是指管理都是在一定的社会制度和国家体制下进行的，都会打上一定的社会和阶级烙印。9.管理决策需要面对各种复杂的情况，所以不能设计既定的决策程序。10.管理是科学性和艺术性的统一
11.激励的关键是管理者通过采取各种方式去激发人的内在动力
12.奖励有激励作用，而惩罚没有激励作用 13.决策是管理工作的核心 14.人也是管理客体的组成部分
15.设立专门的职能部门是直线制组织形式最大的特点 16.审计监督属于行政监督的范畴
17.实行集中决策、集中经营是事业部制组织形式最大的特点。
18.事业部制组织形式最大的特点是实行集中决策、集中经营
19.协调是管理者对管理活动中的各个要素之间的问题和关系进行的指挥和命令 20.预测是管理的核心
21.在管理中应树立组织改善环境的观念 22.在管理中应树立组织适应环境的观念 23.在管理中应树立组织重视环境的观念
三、简答
1.按照监督主体划分，监督有哪些种类？ 2.管理的权变观念 3.管理的人本观念 4.管理的系统观念
5.管理的择优观念主要包括哪些内容？ 6.管理的战略观念 7.管理决策应坚持的原则 8.管理客体有哪些特征？ 9.管理信息的特征 10.管理者素质 11.管理中的行政方法 12.管理中的控制类型 13.激励的方式有哪些？ 14.激励在管理中的作用 15.计划编制应坚持的原则 16.决策的“令人满意”准则 17.决策的依据和条件
18.目标管理与传统计划管理的主要区别 19.权变观念在管理中有什么作用？ 20.实施在管理中的作用
21.制定管理目标应遵循什么程序？
四、论述
1.联系实际，论述管理择优观念的主要内容？ 2.联系实际，论述管理中的监督有哪些功能？ 3.联系实际，论述管理中的决策应遵循的程序？ 4.联系实际，论述激励的方式有哪些？ 5.联系实际，论述如何科学实施发展战略？ 6.联系实际，论述协调的方式方法有哪些？ 7.联系实际，论述在管理中如何运用好用人艺术？ 8.联系实际，论述制定管理目标应坚持什么原则？
第三篇：四川省委党校2012研究生入学考试复习资料英语
2012年《英语》（光华村）
（仅供参考）
英语复习范围，即考试命题范围：
英语考试模拟题中的研究生入学复习题
（一）和
（二）-----书上P162—179，两套题的答案见书P215—216
特别说明（请仔细阅读以下内容）：
1、考题的第一部分选择题大约有5个以上是书上原题。
2、考题的第三部分阅读理解至少有两篇或两篇以上出自书上的原题，占20分以上。对于英语底子薄的学员，判断阅读理解题是书上复习题
（一）（二）哪几篇文章的技巧：复习题
（一）（二）共8篇阅读文章，其中7篇文章里都有一个（或几个）生涩或专用名词旁标有汉语解释，比如复习题
（一）中单词randomness(随意性)P165，仅此可判定考的复习题
（一）的第一篇文章，因此对应记住这篇文章后面阅读问题的5个答案即可。为防止考题答案顺序颠倒（一般不会），只要记住每个阅读问题题目的前
一、两个单词即万无一失。
3、考题中的第四部分英译汉大约有两个以上是出自书上原题，占6分以上。记忆技巧：在英译汉的答案中（P215--216），在答案翻译出来的对应的汉文中，把每一题对应的英语前几个单词写在那里，然后进行复习，就可以简单地记住考的哪一道题目了。
4、复习题中的第二部分完型填空，看一下就可以了，是考英语能力和拉距离的题，一般不会有原题出现。
5、学员如果蒙猜选择题答案，一定不能连续5个题选择同样的答案，即不能连续5个题都选A（或者B或者C或者D）,否则选择题将记零分。也就是说不可能出现连续5个答案相同的命题。
6、有学员质疑书上复习题的第一部分选择题给出的备选答案顺序排列A、C、B、D是否排序出错？没有出错，是正规专业的排版和印刷，请大家按书上排序复习，答案也按书上给出的序号选择，不用质疑。
第四篇：2013四川省委党校研究生入学考试：公共管理
《公共管理》复习题
5、公共管理的主要内容P439（5个）（简答）▲
①公共问题，面向社会的基础性和共同性问题，并加以解决
②公共政策，按照一定的程序和方法，制定出解决问题的公共政策，并加以实施，促进社会的协调发展。③公共产品和公共服务，是公共管理的主要职能。
④公共资源，对人力资源、自然资源、信息资源等各种公共资源进行规划、组织、协调和控制。
⑤危机管理
6、公共部门的特征P440（简答）
特征：公共性、权威性、稳定性、合法性
功能：①维护市场经济秩序：制度和维护规划，维护市场公平竞争的环境
②提供公共产品：公共产品的消费具有非排他性，很容易导致“搭便车”情况的发生，所有，私人部门不愿提供公共产品。
③对收入进行再分配：市场机制无法解决收入分配不公的问题。
④对宏观经济进行调控：市场机制本身是有缺陷的，这就需要政府通过实施相应政策来调控。
7、现代政府组织运作的基本原则P442-443▲（论述/简答）
①人民主权原则，政府权利是公民让渡或委托于政府的，政府仅仅是公众的代表人，公民理所当然地拥有控制和监督政府的权利
②有限政府原则，现代民主政府的权利是相对的、有限的，政府权力以不侵犯公民合法权益为基本限度
③分权原则，为了实现政府权力的相互制约、防止政府权力的滥用，现代政府采用分权原则。
④法治原则，法治在某种意义上是对政府权力的勘定和限制，是对公民权利的规定和保护。
8、现代政府职能的含义，政府职能的转变P444▲（论述）
政府职能：①政治职能：核心，是统治阶级建立政府的根本宗旨。②经济职能：包括宏观调控、区域经济调节、国有资产管理、微观管制、大型经济建设项目；③文化职能：领导和组织精神文明建设；④社会职能，组织动员全社会力量对社会公共生活领域进行管理。
我国政府职能的转变就是要改变行政职能过大的局面：①要将政府职能中应该由市场自我调节的职能归于市场自由调节，政府负责市场体制的维护和制度建设，重新认识“市场失灵”并不是所有的市场失灵引起的问题都能通过行政手段解决；②积极扶持我国社会组织的成长，要实现政府与社会之间的和谐发展，逐步将某些原本属于政府的职能交由社会性公共组织行使。
10、非政府组织的含义及一般特征P448（去年考题）含义：指政府部门和营利组织之外的一切以服务大众为宗旨，为社会提供一定公共产品服务和公共服务的志愿团体、社会组织或民间协会等。
特征：组织性、民间性、公益性、非营利性、志愿性。
11、政府与社会新型关系P447（论述/简答/辨析）▲ 在管理主体上，对社会公共事务的管理不能由政府独自承担，必须鼓励和引导非政府组织加入到社会公共事务的管理上来，同时，公众、私人企业也可以在公共部门的授权、监督和指导下加入到社会公共事务的管理上来。在管理方式上，应该更多发挥市场机制的作用，政府不该越俎代庖。“小政府，大社会”。
小政府：①指政府要有所为，有所不为，不应该包揽一切，要让市场机制发挥主要作用；②政府的规模必须缩减，人员必须精干；③明确政府机构以及人员的只能范围，减少行政成本，提高行政效率。
大社会：指要扩大社会的自治功能，政府给予社会更大的自主权，培育第三部门或非政府组织，让其和政府一起，成为社会公共事务的管理主体。非政府组织要接受政府的授权，承担政府留下来的责任，接受政府的监督；还要建立社会对政府的监督制约机制，防止政府权力的滥用，监督政府官员的腐败行为，逐步建立非政府组织和公众的民主参与制度和渠道，使政府各职能部门与相关领域的非政府组织和公众对话协商成为一种日常制度。
14、公共政策执行的含义和环节P454-455（简答）
含义：是政策执行者通过建立组织机构，运用各种政策资源，采取各种执行手段，将公共政策规划的内容由观念转化为实际效果，从而实现既定政策目标的活动过程。环节：公共政策宣传，公共政策分解（对总体目标进行分解，编制执行活动路径，明确工作任务指向），公共物质与组织准备，公共政策实验，公共政策全面实施（是政策执行过程中操作性、程序性最强涉及面最广泛的环节）。
17、公共部门战略管理的含义及特点P457-458▲（六方面）
含义：管理者把握情势和环境，通过策略的选择和实施，集中组织的资源，达成目标的行为及过程。
特点：未来长远性：立足于组织的长远利益，为组织未来发展设立远景，规划蓝图，并将近期目标和长远目标有机整合全局整体性：是关注组织的总体格局，以组织的整体发展作为研究对象的总谋划。
协调一致性：通过协调各方行动，使他们统一朝既定目标或方向努力，最终使组织成为一个具有竞争力的整体。现实可行性：各个环节应是相互关联的，体现出战略管理的可操作性和现实性。
相对稳定性：战略一经确定就具有很高的权威性，应保持其稳定性，从而使组织对已知的和预见到的机遇或威胁作出正确的反应，否则，就失去其意义。
应对复杂性：使组织能充分利用外部机遇，及时化解或避免威胁，并能超越组织目前的生存环境，减少复杂性和不确定性。
18、重视公共部门战略管理的发展(原因、意义)P458
原因：环境变迁的压力。应对全球化、社会变革、经济政治改革，需建立一个应对某种复杂性和不确定性，更有适应性的反应系统；角色变化的压力，“小政府无论在理论或实践上均获取了人们的广泛认同和支持，政府等公共部门就必须正确确定自己的智能、角色、地位、组织结构及其社会关系。
19、公共部门人力资源管理的含义、特点及职能P460-463（简答）
含义：指政府机关、国有企事业单位中的工作人员的总和，既包括公务员，各类专业技术人员，又包括一般的劳务人员，他们是整个社会人力资源的重要组成部分。特点：公共性、政治性、公开性、合法性、复杂性。职能：人力资源规划（数量、质量）、获取（考试、选拔、甄选）、开发（技能培训以适应工作需要）、维护（薪酬福利、健康与安全、劳动关系、纪律与奖惩）、研究。
20、公共部门人力资源开发的指导思想P464（论述）▲ 四个原则：党管干部原则；德才兼备的用人标准和干部队伍“四化”方针，开放原则，研究和借鉴、吸收世界各国人力资源开发的成功经验；创新原则，创造一个公开、平等、竞争、择优的用人环境，建立一套能上能下、能进能出、充满活力的管理机制，形成一套法制完备、纪律严明的监督体系，开创人才辈出、人尽其才的局面。
21、公共财政预算管理的含义与功能P465-466（简答）▲ 含义：指公共部门根据国家法定程序和实施方针所编制的某一内政府的财政收支计划，主要包含：预算的编制（政府对公共收支的计划安排），预算的执行（公共收入的筹措和使用过程），预算的决算（预算的执行结果）。功能：预算是表述立法机关意向的工具。反映收支：要反映政府介入经济社会生活的目的、范围、规模和程度；控制支出：确保对公共开支进行有效的控制，必须经过国家立法机关的审批才能生效。
22、公共预算管理的特点P465-466（论述/简答）▲
①完整性：包括所有财政收入和支出的内容，以便全面反映政府的财政活动和政府的职能范围；②统一性：财政收入和政府支出要按统一的科目、统一的口径和统一的程度加以计算和全额编制；③真实性：预算中的预计数应该尽量准确地反映出可能出现的结果。④性：各级政府的预算必须按季度或按月编制，期限内的全部财政收支应进行收支对照比较，并和前期进行比较，预算包括预算收支的起止期限。⑤效率性：由可操作性和预测的准确性。⑥公开性：其内容为全社会所了解。⑦导向性：预算具有未来导向和绩效导向的特点。
24、公共部门绩效管理的含义、特点及作用P471
含义：对组织的绩效目标进行设定与实施，并对实现结果进行系统考察与追踪，推动绩效不断改进的系统活动和过程。其中，绩效计划、绩效评估、绩效衡量、绩效追踪是组织绩效管理过程中的四个最基本的功能活动。
特点：①方向性（目标导向）：兼顾效率与公平的实现；②系统性（过程导向）：公共服务绩效管理是个复杂的系统工程，涉及面广，影响因素复杂，而且各个层次、各种因素相互交织、渗透、影响，可变性很大。③灵活性（指标导向），政策目标不同，就会有不同的绩效指标系统。作用：①对组织而言：绩效管理是提高政府行政效率的动力，重视资源的有效配置，产出好的结果，满足公民需要，重视“投入”与“产出”的比率，提高行政效率。②对员工而言：是一种激励手段，与任用、晋升、奖惩等结合起来，有利于激发员工的积极性，强化员工的责任感。③对公共服务对象而言：可以监督公共部门责任的实现和落实，可以监督政府部门的科学决策，有利于政府公共部门信誉和形象的提高。
第五篇：山东省委党校2014年在职研究生入学考试练习题
说明：此练习题仅供辅导教师和考生在复习过程中进行练习及掌握考试题型之用。要取得好成绩，请考生按照大纲进行全面系统复习。
《政治理论》练习题
一、概念解释题
1．货币
2.商品
3.资本
4.剩余价值
5．抽象劳动
6.可变资本
7.价值规律
8.哲学基本问题 9.主要矛盾
10.理性认识
11.毛泽东思想活的灵魂
12.群众路线
13.生态文明
14.一国两制
15.协商民主
16.循环经济
17.和谐文化
18.和平共处五项原则
二、辨析题
1．实践是认识的最终目的。
2．对新事物要肯定一切，对旧事物要否定一切。3．劳动是创造商品价值的唯一源泉。
4．具体劳动创造使用价值，抽象劳动创造价值，所以它们是两类独立存在的劳动。
5．资本主义工资就是雇佣工人劳动的价格。
6．科学发展观第一要义是发展，这里所说的―发展‖是指经济发展。7．马克思主义认识论是以实践为基础的能动的革命的反映论。8．以人为本就是以人民群众为发展的根本动力。
9．以人为本、执政为民是检验党一切执政活动的最高标准。
10.协调发展就是要求平均发展。
11．革命是解放生产力，改革是发展生产力。
12．中国共产党领导的多党合作与政治协商制度是中国的一项基本政治制度。
13．按劳分配与按生产要素分配是根本对立的分配原则。
14．市场经济以市场作为资源配置的决定性手段，但并不排斥国家对经济的宏观调控。
15．社会主义民主政治只是为社会主义经济基础服务的有力手段。16.未来社会是一个自由人联合体。17.建设中国特色社会主义民主政治最根本的是要把坚持党的领导、人们当家作主和依法治国有机统一起来。
18.强调维护社会公平正义就是劫富济贫搞平均主义。
三、简答题
1.马克思主义的三个思想理论来源是什么？ 2.简述资本主义生产方式的绝对规律。3.简述马克思关于资本的特殊性质的论述。4.简述马克思对生产与消费之间关系的论述 5.简述马克思关于劳动力价值的论述。6.什么是唯物辩证法的三大规律？
7.列宁是如何论述唯心主义的认识论根源的？ 8.列宁关于辩证法和形而上学两种发展观的论述。9.简述毛泽东关于党的三大优良作风的概括。
10.解析邓小平关于我国处在社会主义初级阶段这个重要论断的基本涵义。11.邓小平是如何论述解放思想与实事求是二者之间关系的？ 12.中国特色社会主义的三大基本问题是什么？ 13.为什么说没有民主就没有社会主义？
14.党的十八大报告关于中国特色社会主义道路、中国特色社会主义理论体系、中国特色社会主义制度三者相互关系的论述。
15.什么是中国特色社会主义的总依据、总布局、总任务？ 16.为什么说社会主义和市场经济不存在根本矛盾？
17.党的十八届三中全会提出的全面深化改革的总目标是什么？ 18.全面深化经济体制改革的核心问题是什么？
四、论述题
1．马克思关于价值规律的论述及其重大意义。
2．论马克思“两个必然”和“两个决不会”的思想及其重大意义。3．马克思关于资本基本构成的论述及其重大意义。
4．列宁关于“利用资本主义，建设社会主义”的思想及其重大意义。5．毛泽东关于“社会主义社会基本矛盾”的论述及其重大意义。
6．毛泽东“关于事物矛盾问题精髓”的论述及其重大意义。7．邓小平的社会主义本质论及其重大意义。8．试论依法治国是社会主义民主政治的基本要求。
9．试论先进文化是社会主义现代化建设的重要保证。
《现代管理学》练习题
一、概念题
1、从一般意义上来定义管理
2、管理的综合性特征
3、管理主体
4、管理客体
5、管理机构设计类型中的直线职能制
6、管理目标
7、管理的人本观念
8、管理的系统观念
9、管理的战略观念
10、管理的权变观念
11、不确定型决策
12、实施过程中的激励
13、赞扬激励
14、沟通激励
15、现代管理中的监督
16、审计监督
17、现代管理中的评价
18、现代管理方法中的经济方法
二、辨析题
1、任何管理都由以下因素构成：管理主体、管理客体、管理目的、管理职能和方法、管理环境。
2、在管理实际中，管理的科学性和艺术性是统一的。
3、管理幅度和管理层次成正比例关系，即管理幅度越大，管理层次越多；管理幅度越小，管理层次越少。
4、可控性或称可管理性是管理客体的重要特征。
5、管理目标具有评价作用。
6、管理就是以信息处理为中心。
7、管理目标的分类，按管理的职能分，可分为经济管理目标、行政管理目标、科学技术管理目标和社会管理目标。
8、按管理者的职责，可分为一般的管理者和管理中的领导者，但管理中的领导者不是劳动者。
9、管理活动中，要处理多种关系，但最主要的是处理好物与物的关系以及人、财、物的关系。
10、管理的系统观念就是管理的整体观念。
11、系统理论和系统方法为现代管理开辟了新的思路，提供了新的武器。因此，树立系统观念和掌握系统方法，是现代管理者所应具备的基本素质。、12、管理的权变观念的核心内容，就在于管理效果完全取决于组织与环境之间的适应性。
13、按监督的主体划分，可分为自我监督、内部监督、外部监督。
14、经济监督就是财政监督和财务监督。
15、实施是现代管理者的一项重要责任。
16、我们现在实行的是社会主义市场经济体制，彻底否定了传统的计划经济体系。因此，在市场经济条件下，计划管理已经不重要了。
17、经济方法的调节作用是直接的。
18、在市场经济条件下，各种产品和服务的价格都是由价值规律和市场供求关系决定的，与政府和企业的经济政策无关。
三、简答题
1、管理主体决定管理活动的方向。
2、要使管理主体在管理活动中起主导支配的作用，必须具备的条件。
3、管理的艺术特征。
4、管理机构的设计要坚持责、权、利相一致的原则。
5、管理机构的设计要坚持以目标为中心，以职能为中心的原则。
6、作为管理客体的人的地位。
7、作为管理客体的人的特征。
8、管理目标制定的依据。
9、管理目标的制定要坚持方案选优的原则。
10、管理系统观念中的动态的观念。
11、管理实施中激励的作用。
12、激励方式中的奖罚激励。
13、激励方式中的尊重激励。
14、管理过程中的监督具有反馈的功能。
15、管理过程中的监督要坚持经济性原则。
16、管理过程中的监督具有预防功能。
17、权变观念要求领导方式应与环境相适应。
18、行政方法在管理中的运用有其自身的局限性，因此在运用中必须坚持正确的原则。
四、论述题
1、人既是管理的主体又是管理的客体，请您认真关注作为管理客体的人的地位和作用。
2、决策对于管理主体来说太重要了，要想做出科学正确的决策，必须遵循一些原则，请您掌握这些原则。
3、决策是一个科学的过程，不是随意点头和拍板定案，请您牢记决策的程序，即决策必须遵循的步骤。
4、管理者担负着特殊的职责，因此他必须具有特定的素质。请您认真了解一下管理者所应具备的素质。
5、管理目标是管理活动的出发点和归宿点，因此它在管理中占有重要的地位和作用。请您认真记住目标在管理中的作用。
6、管理目标很重要，但制定出科学正确和先进可行的管理目标就不是一件很容易的事了，必须要坚持一系列的科学原则。请您记住这些原则，才能制定出好的目标。
7、择优观念是现代管理中一个非常重要的观念，离了这个观念，管理活动就会出问题。请您牢牢记住树立择优观念的必要性。
8、实施是介于决策、计划和管理对象之间的中间环节，没有圆满的实施，就谈不上完成管理任务。实施的这种特定地位，决定了它的特点。请您认真了解实施不同于其他管理环节的特点。
9、管理实施过程结束后，还不能算是管理过程的结束，还需对其过程所获得的成绩和效果进行相应的评价。搞好评价也不是一件很简单的事。请您仔细了解评价活动应遵循的一系列原则。
《法理学》练习题
一、简答题
1、法律责任
2、法律部门
3、法律解释
4、法律渊源
5、法律移植
6、英美法系和大陆法系
7、法治和法制
10、法律溯及力
11、社会主义的法治理念
12、社会法律监督
13、法律制定
14、当代中国的法律渊源
15、法律继承
16、法律现代化
17、法律的基本特征
18、、法律适用
19、社会法律监督
二、辨析题
1、法律的本质
2、法律意识的结构
3、法律规则的构成要素
4、法学研究的对象
5、法的不确定性
6、法的规范性
7、法学研究的对象
8、理论法学和应用法学
9、国家赔偿法所属部门
10根据法的效力范围的不同，法的分类
11、立法体制
12、划分法的历史类型的依据
13、法律与道德强制力不同
14、法学体系和法律体系的区别
15、法律制定
16、法律继承
三、材料分析题
1、法律部门和法律渊源的不同
2、法的评价作用
3、立法体制
4、法的渊源
5、广义法律和狭义法律的效力区别
6、法律与道德的区别
7、司法机关独立行使审判或检察权
8、行政责任、刑事责任和民事责任的不同
9、人民法院定罪量刑的依据
10、法律规则和法律原则的不同
11、法理学的组成、法理学的社会学价值和法理学与其他法律部门的联系
12、司法的“以事实为根据，以法律为准绳”的原则
四、论述题
1、司法权的性质和特征
2、法律规则的逻辑结构
3、司法机关独立行使职权的原则
4、法律关系的构成要素
5、法律的规范作用
6、法律的社会作用
7、法律责任的归责原则
8、法律的本质
9、法律调整和道德调整的区别
《英语》练习题
一、单项选择
1.Continuing education classes give some adults the chance ________ new skills.A.learn
B.to learn C.to be learning
D.to have learned 2.When I was young, I ________ to school every day.A.walk C.walked
B.had walked D.had been walking 3.She ________ money and forgetting to pay you back.A.borrowed C.is always borrowing
B.borrows D.has borrow 4.Because of ________ you have done, things become much worse.A.that
B.whom
C.which
D.what 5.While ________ the train, I had a long talk with Jane.A.wait for C.waiting for
B.having waited for
D.being waited for 6.These questions ______ at tomorrow’s meeting.A.have been discussed
B.had been discussed C.will be discussed
D.shall be discussed
7.It is ____ in spring than in autumn.A.warmer
B.more warm
C.warmest
D.most warm 8.Miss White has been a secretary __________.A.every year
B.since 1997 C.ten years ago
D.in 1997 9.I called on her and found that she ________.A.went abroad
B.go abroad C.had gone abroad
D.has gone abroad 10.It has been two weeks since he ________ home.A.has left
B.was leaving C.left
D.is leaving 11.Telephone ________ in our everyday life.A.being used
B.uses C.is used
D.is using 12.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear of
B.to hear C.hearing from
D.heard 13.Before he came to New York, he had never heard a single English word ________.A.speaking
B.to speak
C.spoken
D.spoke 14.The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing
B.to be first played
C.first played
D.to be first playing 15.The old man lay in bed, ________ what to do the next day.A.thinking
B.was thinking
C.having thought
D.being thought 16.Let’s ________ and get something to eat.A.to go
B.go
C.going
D.goes 17.Bill has been out of work ________ three years.A.by C.in 18.When they arrived, the game ________.A.already start C.have already started
B.already started D.had already started B.since D.for 19.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return
B.can be returned C.can returned
D.can return to 20.I’m sorry, but smoking ________ here.A.is allowed
B.is not allowed C.will be allowed
D.will not allow 21.They got to the bus station ________ than you did.A.more late
B.later C.more later
D.late 22.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.whom 23.I live in ________.I’d like to let you know that I’m checking out early
tomorrow morning.A.Room 216th
B.216 Room C.216th Room
D.Room 216 24.This kind of tree has green ________ throughout(全部)the year.A.leafs
B.leaves
C.leaf
D.leaves’ 25.I will give him the letter as soon as I ________ him.A.see
B.sees C.sees’
D.saw 26.Excuse ________, may I ask you a question?
A.I
B.my
C.me
D.us
27.They never knew that pollution ________ a big problem.A.become
B.would become C.is going to
D.does become 28.You ________ where you leave your things.A.always forgets C.will always forget 29.He doesn’t live in the city, ________ ?.A.isn’t he
B.doesn’t he
B.forget
D.are always forgetting C.is he
D.does he 30.Now she is leaving London.She has stayed here ________.A.after 1980 C.for 1980
B.in 1980 D.since 1980 31.The role of _______ has changed a lot in the past 30 years.A.womans
B.women C.woman
D.women’s 32.________ meeting will be put off(推迟)till next Monday.A.Tomorrow’s
B.Tomorrows’ C.Tomorrow
D.Tomorrows 33.If he ________ to go, I'll ask someone else to go with me.A.don’t want
B.doesn’t want
C.not want
D.not wants 34.This is my cell phone(手机).________ is on the desk.A.Their
B.Our C.Yours
D.Her 35.The house ________ is very nice, but the compound(院子)is too small.A.himself
B.herself
C.itself
D.oneself 36.I told him not to go, but he ________ not listen.A.will C.shall
B.would D.should 37.This time last year, Tom ________ with his friends in London.A.stayed
B.was staying C.is staying
D.stays 38.Let’s ________ and get something to eat.A.to go
B.go
C.going
D.goes 39.Bill has been out of work ________ three years.A.by
B.since C.in D.for 40.When they arrived at the airport, the plane ________.A.already take off C.have already taken off
B.already took off D.had already taken off 41.Those books ________ to the library next Monday.A.can return
B.can be returned C.can returned
D.can return to 42.I’m sorry, but smoking ________ here.A.is allowed
B.is not allowed C.will be allowed
D.will not allow 43.They got to the airport ________ than you did.A.more late
B.later C.more later
D.late 44.He talked of the people and books ________ interested him.A.who
B.whose
C.that
D.whom 45.He was writing an e-mail ________ I was watching TV in the hotel room.A.as soon as
B.after C.until
D.while
二、阅读理解
(1)Which of your feelings do you let other people know about? Which do you keep to yourself? Sometimes it’s a good thing to say what you feel.At other times it’s better to keep quiet about your feelings.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what you feel.At other times feelings are so strong that you can not control them.People from different cultures have different ways of dealing with feelings.It is said that English people are cold.If they do feel anything, they will not let other people know.This is because they grow up in a culture which tells them that it’s good to control their feelings.They learn when they are young that it is best to keep tears and laughter to themselves.15 Compared with the English, the French are much warmer and more open.They are always ready to express what they feel.However, it is said the Italians are the warmest people in the world.They let their feelings ―explode‖.What happens to feelings that are not expressed? Many people say they don’t just disappear.They continue to exist under the surface and may come out in other forms.Anger that we don’t express to others can become anger that we turn against ourselves.Fears that we don’t talk about may make us become afraid of all things.We may appear to be brave, but we are fearful and anxious inside.Hurts and disappointments that we never express may make us become too careful about getting close to others.As long as we don’t make others unhappy, there is noting wrong in expressing our feelings.We can express our feelings directly or indirectly.We can talk to other people about our feelings.Of course, sometimes we should also control our feelings.After all, life is made of all kinds of feelings, isn’t it?
1.________ to say what you feel.A.It’s always good
B.Sometimes it is good
C.It’s no good
D.You always want
2.People ________ have different ways of dealing with feelings.A.from different cultures
B.from different countries
C.from different schools
D.of different occupations
3.According to the passage, ________ are the warmest people in the world.A.the Italians
B.the English
C.the French
D.the Chinese
4.The feelings that people don’t express ________.A.just disappear
B.should never be expressed
C.continue to exist under the surface
D.are always bad
5.People can express their feelings directly or indirectly ________.A.as long as they don’t make others unhappy
B.as long as they don’t make others happy
C.as soon as they don’t make others unhappy
D.as soon as they don’t make others happy
(2)I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, silence would teach him the joys of sound.Now and then I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see.Recently I was visited by a very good friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods, and I asked her what she had observed.―Nothing is particular,‖ she replied.I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses, for long ago I became convinced that the seeing see little.How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch.I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf.I pass my hands lovingly about the smooth skin of a silver birch, of the rough bark of a pine.In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening nature after her winter’s sleep.Occasionally, if I am very fortunate, I place my hand gently on a small tree and feel the happy quiver of a bird in full song.I am delighted to have the cool waters of a brook rush through my open fingers.To me the pageant of seasons is a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.If I were president of a university, I should establish a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖.The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them.He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.6.According to the text, it would be a blessing if________.A.every human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life
B.every human being is stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life C.every human being is stricken blind and deaf D.every human being were stricken blind and deaf 7.Which of the following is the author’s opinion about the seeing people? A.Most of the seeing people see little.B.The seeing people cherished their gift of sight very much.C.The seeing people use their power of sight to the full.D.The seeing people use their gift of sight as a means of adding color to life.8.The author could not see by sight, but she ______.A.could find hundreds of things to interest her through mere touch B.knew more than the seeing
C.was very optimistic and could ―see‖ more than the seeing D.both A and C
9.According to the text, why would it be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life? A.Because darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, and silence would teach him the joys of sound.B.Because people seldom cherish what they have and if they lose what they have for a short time they would cherish what they have much more.C.Because people are always longing for what they don’t have.D.both A and B 10.We can infer from the text that _______.A.though the author was blind, she loved life and she knew well how to add fullness to life B.the author was a president of a university C.the author established a compulsory course in ―How to Use Your Eyes‖ D.the author appreciated little what she had and longed for what she had not.(3)We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions and to communicate with other people.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms, or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.Making eye contact – looking directly into someone’s eyes – is in some counties a way to show interest.In other countries, however, eye contact is rude or disrespectful.The gesture of OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.In France, a person seeing the same gesture will think it means zero.In Brazil and Germany, however, the gesture is rude.The thumbs-up gesture, meaning ―great‖ or ―good job‖ in the US, is rude in Nigeria, but in Germany and Japan it means the number one.The ―crazy‖ gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means ―you have a phone call‖ in Brazil.While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.A good way of saying ―I am full‖ is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal.If a person pats his or her stomach before a meal, it usually means ―I am hungry‖.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls.It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation.We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.11.We can get information about a person’s feelings from ________.A.his words B.the way he stands C.the way he folds his arms or move his hands D.both his words and his body language 12.Eye contact ________.A.has different meanings in different cultures B.is rude or disrespectful C.has the same meaning in all the countries D.is a way to show interest 13.A good way of saying ―I’m full.‖ is ________.A.moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal B.resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand C.patting the stomach before a meal D.Both A and C 14.The ―crazy‖ gesture means ________ in Brazil.A.great B.the number one C.you have a phone call D.none of above 15.The gesture for OK, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, ________.A.all of the following B.means money in Japan C.means zero in France D.has different meanings in different cultures
(4)A man came home from work late again, tired and irritated, to find his 5-year-old son waiting for him at the door.―Daddy, may I ask you a question?‖
―Yeah, sure, what is it?‖ replied the man.―Daddy, how much money do you make an hour?‖
―That’s none of your business!What makes you ask such a thing?‖ the man said angrily.―I just want to know.Please tell me, how much do you make an hour?‖ pleaded the little boy.―If you must know, I make $20.00 an hour.‖ ―Oh,‖ the little boy replied, head bowed.Looking up, he said, ―Daddy, may I borrow $10.00 please?‖
The father was furious.―If the only reason you wanted to know how much money I make is just so you can borrow some to buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to bed.Think about why you’re being so selfish.I work long, hard hours every day and don’t have time for such childish games.‖
The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.―No daddy, I’m awake,‖ replied the boy.―I’ve been thinking, maybe I was too hard on you earlier,‖ said the man.―It’s been a long day and I took my aggravation out on you.Here’s that $10.00 you asked for.‖ The little boy sat straight up, beaming.―Oh, thank you daddy!‖ he yelled.Then, reaching under his pillow, he pulled out some more crumpled up bills.The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again.The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at the man.―Why did you want more money if you already had some?‖ the father grumbled.―Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do,‖ the little boy replied.―Daddy, I have $20.00 now.Can I buy an hour of your time?‖ 16.What do you know about the man?
A.He made a lot of money.B.He often came home from work late.C.He often went to work late.D.He spent lots of time taking care of his son.17.Why was the boy waiting for his father at the door?
A.Because he missed his father very much.B.Because he was hungry.C.Because he wanted to borrow some money from his father.D.Because he had good news to tell his father.18.The man went to talk to his son because ________.A.he thought he might have been a little hard on his son.B.he wanted to ask his son some questions.C.he wanted to find out whether his son was asleep or not.D.his son was crying in his bedroom.19.The boy wanted to borrow some money from his father because ________.A.he wanted to buy a toy with the money
B.he wanted to buy a birthday present for himself
C.he didn’t have any money
D.he didn’t have enough money to buy an hour of his father’s time
20.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Parents should give their children some pocket money.B.Parents should not neglect(忽视)their children no matter how busy they are.C.Parents should not be hard on their children.D.Children can buy time from their parents.(5)I once knew a man whose memory was very bad.Richard Rudd was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence.His wife had to remind him constantly about his appointments, his classes – even his meals!Since Rudd was a professor at a well-known university, his forgetfulness was often an embarrassment.It wasn’t that he was unintelligent, as some critical people tend to gossip.He was just very, very absent-minded.One hot summer day, Professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach.The seaside town he planned to visit was a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.Unfortunately, by the time Rudd had arrived at the train station, the poor forgetful man had forgotten the name of his destination himself.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going.The professor’s wife was surprised to see him again so soon, but she was amused when she heard what the matter was.She distrusted his memory, so she wrote the name of the town on a piece of paper.Satisfied that she had solved the problem, she sent her husband off again.Ten minutes later, she was astonished to see him outside the house again.What was the matter now? 21.What was Professor Rudd’s trouble? A.Lack of confidence.B.Lack of intelligence.C.Carelessness.D.Absent-mindedness.22.What was probably the most embarrassing thing for Professor Rudd? A.He often had to be reminded to go to class at the university.B.He often had to be reminded to meet people at the appointed(约定的)time.C.He sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence.D.He sometimes forgot to take meals.23.What did Richard Rudd decide to do one hot summer day? A.To accompany his children on a train ride.B.To have a holiday with his children on the beach.C.To go and visit a friend of his in a seaside town with his children.D.To stay home and take care of his children.24.Why did Richard come back the first time? A.He forgot where he was going.B.He forgot his friend’s address.C.He forgot to tell his wife where he was going.D.He forgot to take the train tickets.25.What can you infer from the story?
A.Professor Rudd was an old man.B.Mrs.Rudd was actually more intelligent than her husband.23
C.Mrs.Rudd was an indispensable(不可缺少的)companion to her husband.D.Professor Rudd’s reputation was falling rapidly.(6)You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying, when you are at school.School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people.But this is not always easy.What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates?
If you discover that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.We can not change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.You need to remember an old saying, ―treat others how you want to be treated‖.You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too.If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it.No one is asking you to change who you are or what you believe in.Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.It is important to practice tolerance, because it will make everyone’s lives easier.Learn to accept people for their different abilities and interests.The world is very different, and practicing tolerance in your own school and city can help make a difference.26.According to the author, what is tolerance? A.Tolerance is the ability that we have to change the way that other people do.B.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.C.Tolerance is a weapon to fight against the enemy.D.Tolerance is the way to discover whether you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends.27.What does tolerance function(起作用)in getting along with your friends? A.It makes you change who you are and what you believe.24 B.It can help us understand why people do things differently.C.It warns us to keep an even tempter and open mind.D.It is important for us to learn tolerance.28.Why is tolerance important? A.Because it will make everyone’s lives easier.B.Because it will make everyone get on better with each other.C.Because it teaches us to respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.D.All of the above.29.―Treat others how you want to be treated‖, what does the sentence mean?
A.If you want to be treated kindly, you should treat others kindly too.B.If someone treats you badly, you will treat them kindly.C.You should change yourself to tolerate others.D.Others should change themselves to tolerate you.30.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.If you tolerate something, you must change yourself.B.Tolerance can make you get on better with your classmates or friends, for it teaches you to keep an even temper and open mind.C.We can live happily with other people by changing the way they do.D.Practicing tolerance can not make any change in your life for the world is different.(7)I found out one time that doing a favor for someone could get you into a lot of trouble.One time when I was taking a final test, the girl next to me whispered something, but I couldn’t understand.So I leaned over her way and found out that she was trying to ask me if I had an extra pen.She showed me that hers was out of ink and would not write.I happened to have an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later, after we turned in all the test papers, the teacher asked me to stay in the room.As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for my own acts.For a long time she talked about honesty and emphasized that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves.She made me promise that I wouldn’t think seriously about what she said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she chose to talk to me about all these things.Later on, I found out that she thought I was cheating on the test.I tried to explain about the pen, but what she said was that it seemed very strange to her that I didn’t mention anything about the pen the day she talked to me right after the test.To this day, I am sure she continues to believe that I had cheated on that test.Appearances can be deceiving and it is difficult to know how others will perceive our action.31.Why did the girl say something to me in a low voice? A.Because she wanted to have a look on my paper.B.Because she couldn’t work out the question on the paper.C.Because she wanted to ask me for a pen.D.Because she wanted me to give her the answer to the questions.32.Why did the teacher let me stay after class? A.She wanted to give me a gift.B.She wanted to talk with me.C.She wanted to tell me a story.D.She wanted to make me do some cleaning.33.What did the teacher think about me? A.She thought I was not mature(成熟的).B.She thought I was an honest person.C.She thought I did a right thing.D.She thought I was cheating in the exam.34.Why didn’t the teacher believe that I didn’t cheat on the test? A.She saw I was cheating with her own eyes.B.Someone else told her about it.C.She thought if I didn’t cheat I would tell her the truth of the pen.D.She couldn’t believe anything I said.35.What can you infer(推断)from the passage? A.We can’t judge from the appearance(表面).B.We shouldn’t help others in the exam.C.We should tell the teacher in time if we help others.D.We shouldn’t cheat on the test.(8)Have you ever seen people dance? Some dances are fast and others are slow.People’s feet move when they dance.They keep on moving until the music stops.People have enjoyed dancing for a very long time.This story is of a different kind of dance.It is a dance without people or music.Yet this dance is one of the oldest in the world.It is the dance of bees.If you have ever watched bees, you know that they are very clever.They also work hard looking for food and bringing it back to their home.The home of bees is called a bee-hive.Here hundreds — even thousands — of bees live.They work day and night building small walls of wax.Here they make their honey.This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers.Have you ever seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes in as much food as its body can hold.Then it carries the food back to the hive.At the hive, bees change this flower food into honey.Then they fly away for more food.How do bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive to tell the others.It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on one side.This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers, but that is not all.The bee dances for some time, and the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the other bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.They fly away and return with more food for the hive.Sometimes we hear the music of bees as they fly around, but few people have ever seen them dance.Yet without that dance we might never have sweet honey to eat.36.According to the passage, people don’t stop dancing until ________.A.the music stops B.they are very tired C.they want to go to bed D.it is very late 37.In the text, ―an unknown dance‖ is a dance ________.A.without a light B.without people or music C.without light and music D.without any drinks 38.Bees carry the flower food back to the hive ________.A.to eat B.to store
C.to be a present to other bees D.to change them into honey 39.What does a guide bee do if it finds the best food in the sweetest flowers? A.It will fly back to the hive to tell the others.B.It will take in as much food as it can.C.It will bring it back to the hive.D.It will change it into honey.40.What does the length of the dance mean? A.It tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers.B.It tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.C.It means that bees enjoy dancing.D.It means nothing.(9)We all have certain habits and we can have good habits or bad habits.This passage gives us some advice on how to be healthy.It tells us what we must do if we want to keep ourselves fit.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.This is an old English saying.It means that we must go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning.Is this true? Perhaps it is.The body must have enough sleep.Children, for instance, need ten hours’ sleep every night.If we do not go to bed early, we cannot have enough sleep.Then we cannot think or do our work properly.We will not be wise or live a comfortable life.Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.This is not good for them.We must sleep at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep well.When daytime comes, we must get up.It is the time for exercise.Exercise means doing something with the body.Walking, running, jumping, swimming, playing games are all good forms of exercise.If the body is not used, it becomes weak.Exercise keeps it strong.Exercise helps blood to move around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies.The brains in our heads also need blood.We think with our brain.If we can keep our bodies healthy, and do exercises, we can think better!Our bodies also need air to breathe.Without air we cannot live.We must have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe if we want to be in good health.So, people often sleep with their room windows open because they want to have plenty of clean, fresh air to breathe.In brief, you don’t know what happiness is until you lose it;you don’t know what health is until you are ill.―Health is of vital importance to life‖ sounds like a cliché to everyone, but it is absolutely true.41.Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.What does this statement mean? A.If one goes to bed early, he would be a wise man.B.If one gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.C.If one goes to bed early and gets up early, he would be a wealthy man.D.It is very important for us to form healthy habits.42.According to the text, if we don’t have enough sleep, ________.A.we won’t live comfortably B.we will do our work correctly C.we will think properly D.we will be wise 43.Exercise is ________.29 A.to do something with the body B.to do more homework C.to do more drills(训练)D.to get up early in the morning 44.Why is exercise helpful for health? Because ________.A.it helps us to sleep properly.B.people will die soon if they do not have enough exercises C.it helps take nutrition(营养)to every part of the body with blood circulation(血液循环)D.it helps us to think and do our work properly.45.Why do people often sleep with their room window open? A.Because they want enough clean and fresh air to breathe.B.Because they feel hot at night.C.Because they want to look after their garden.三、英译汉
1.Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.This is not good for them.We must sleep at night when it is dark.The dark helps us to sleep well.When daytime comes, we must get up.It is the time for exercise.Exercise means doing something with the body.Walking, running, jumping, swimming, playing games are all good forms of exercise.If the body is not used, it becomes weak.Exercise keeps it strong.Exercise helps blood to move around inside the body.This is very important.Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies.The brains in our heads also need blood.We think with our brain.If we can keep our bodies healthy, and do exercises, we can think better!
2.What happens to feelings that are not expressed? Many people say they don’t just disappear.They continue to exist under the surface and may come out in other forms.Anger that we don’t express to others can become anger that we turn against ourselves.Fears that we don’t talk about may make us become afraid of all things.We may appear to be brave, but we are fearful and anxious inside.Hurts and disappointments that we never express may make us become too 30 careful about getting close to others.3.At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things.If I can get so much pleasure from mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight.Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little.The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted.It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.4.Which of your feelings do you let other people know about? Which do you keep to yourself? Sometimes it’s a good thing to say what you feel.At other times it’s better to keep quiet about your feelings.Sometimes it’s hard to know exactly what you feel.At other times feelings are so strong that you can not control them.People from different cultures have different ways of dealing with feelings.It is said that English people are cold.If they do feel anything, they will not let other people know.5.The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door.The man sat down and started to get even madder about the little boy’s questioning.How dare he ask such questions only to get some money.After an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think he may have been a little hard on his son.Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.00, and he really didn’t ask for money very often.The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door.―Are you asleep, son?‖ he asked.6.One hot summer day, Professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach.The seaside town he planned to visit was a three-hour train ride away.To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret.Unfortunately, by the time Rudd had arrived at the train station, the poor forgetful man had forgotten the name of his destination
himself.Luckily, a friend of his happened to be in the station.He offered to take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going.7.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.You need to remember an old saying, ―treat others how you want to be treated‖.You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, so it is important to treat them kindly too.If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it.Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.8.If you discover that you have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance.Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.We can not change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them.Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.Getting to know someone may help you understand why they do things differently.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.Tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and open mind.9.Later, after we turned in all the test papers, the teacher asked me to stay in the room.As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for my own acts.For a long time she talked about honesty and emphasized that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves.She made me promise that I wouldn’t think seriously about what she said, and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room wondering why she chose to talk to me about all these things.10.The home of bees is called a bee-hive.Here hundreds — even thousands — of bees live.32
They work day and night building small walls of wax.Here they make their honey.This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers.Have you ever seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes in as much food as its body can hold.Then it carries the food back to the hive.11.Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.A smile can open doors and tear down walls.It can be used to express almost any emotion.We can use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help or to start a conversation.We can smile at ourselves in the mirror to make ourselves feel happier and stronger.And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good friend.12.How do bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide.When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive to tell the others.It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on one side.This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers, but that is not all.The bee dances for some time, and the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the other bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are.They fly away and return with more food for the hive.33
点击咨询 