冠词及数词教学反思

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第一篇:冠词及数词教学反思

冠词及数词教学反思

这节课的题目是《2014年中考英语语法复习—冠词数词》,课题是“专题语法复习课型”。以下本人将从教学设计,课堂组织,重难点突破,教学效果,存在问题和教学改进措施等方面进行反思。一. 教学设计

1.冠词的分类及用法。

2.数次的分类及用法(包括分数的表达法)。

这节课的重点是基数词变序数词的表达法,并根据重难点设计了课堂演练-历年中考英语对冠词及数词的考核题目,同时也设计了课后作业。二. 课堂组织 1.Lead-in 2.Presention 3.Practice 4.Homework 5.Self-relfection 6.Blackboard-design 三. 重难点突破

本节课的重难点是冠词及基数词变序数词的表达法,在课堂组织方面把课堂主动权交给学生,让学生自己会议旧知并梳理归纳。四. 教学效果

通过课前安排,学生基本认真探究合作讨论,完成课前预习,对冠词和数词的基本用法有了一定的了解。但由于时间紧张,对一些细节问题掌握不到位。五. 成功之处

这节课课题课型明显,课堂目标,重难点明确,提出了中考英语复习的一般性方法,系统归纳考点,做题训练。课堂组织以学生为主体,以老师为主导。六.不足之处

时间仓促,做题训练力度不强,学困生学习效果令人担忧。七.改进措施

1.内容的设计方面可以全面,但是课堂的讨论和展示要凸显重点,学生会的不必再啰嗦。

2.语法的教授,可以通过一个知识点对应一些习题进行;或通过相关的几道题目,然后让学生整理归纳。以上就是本人从教学设计,课堂组织,教学效果改进措施等方面所进行的反思。

“有效教学”活动教案

及说课材料

马林芳 2014.4.02

第二篇:八年级冠词与数词

课题:冠词和数词

课型:一对一

备课人:

备课时间:2014.12.4 科目:英语

本备课适合学生:

八年级提高 教学目标:

1、能听说读写Module9的单词及短语

2、了解Module9单词及短语的用法

3、了解冠词和数词的用法及该考点中考中的题型 教学内容:

1、Module9单词及短语的用法讲解

2、Module9弱项训练

3、语法讲解:冠词和数词用法及考点直击

4、拓展练习,巩固知识点 重点难点:

1、能熟练运用Module9的单词的短语

2、掌握冠词和数词的用法及其中考考题类型 教学策略与方法: 课题

一、知识回顾 Module 9 1.prepare for =get ready for 为„..做准备 2.be in the right place to do sth.刚好在做某事

3.too much + 不可数名词

太多 too many + 可数名词复数 much too+adj.太...much too heavy 太重

4.growing population= increasing population 正在增长的人口

5.one fifth of 五分之一

two fifths of 五分之二

5.hang on a minute=wait a minute =wait a moment

等一下

6.make notes=take notes 做笔记

7.It is clear that +句子

很清楚、很明显 8.an eight-year-old girl 一个8岁大的女孩 an eighteen-year-old girl 一个18岁的女孩 an eleven-year –old boy 一个11岁的男孩 9.danger(n.)in danger处于危险中 dangerous(adj.)safe

10.be excited to do sth.兴奋去做某事 11.make lethave sb.do sth.使、让某人做某事 make sb.adj.12.have no place to live in没有地方可住 13.look for寻找(过程)find找到(结果)

find out查清(通过研究找出结果)14.be surprisedinterestedexcited to do sth.15.惊奇的有兴趣的兴奋的去做某事 16.less and less 越来越少

+不可数名词

fewer and fewer越来越少

+可数名词

more and more越来越多

+可数、不可数名词 17.make a plan定一个计划

18.adj.enough to do sth.足够„..去做某事 19.go back=return返回

20.such as没有逗号,后面一般加n.或者短语 for example一般有逗号,后面一般加句子 21.solve a problem 解决问题 22.not„any more 不再„..23.close down(永久)关闭;关停 弱项训练

一、根据句意及首字母提示完成句子(每小题1分,满分5分)46.The i

population is a big problem in the world.47.—What are you doing?

—I am making n

for a report.48.There are two stones in the new park.One is so h

, and the other is so small.49.The government has built many f

in my hometown for people to live in.50.Lingling studied in the l

__

school in her village two years ago.二、用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,满分5分)51.In the future, there

____

(not be)many schools.52.It usually takes me half an hour

_____

(walk)to school.53.The government should pay much attention to the

____

(increase)population.54.I think Beijing is one of the

_______

(beautiful)places in the world.55.No one

____(know)when he will be back.三、完形填空(每小题1.5分,满分15分)

It seems that the cities in the future will have to change.Because the world’s population

, there will be

people in the cities tomorrow.It may be

for any family to live in a house with land around it.There

enough space for them.25

to solve this problem may be the skyscraper city(摩天城).The highest building in the world today is in the United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯联合酋长国).It’s about 828 meters high.The skyscraper cities in the future will be many times

.About 250,000 people will live in a skyscraper city.Nearly a million people can in four of these great buildings.Each skyscraper city will have four towns in it and each town will have ten villages.They will live, work and

their free time in them.They won’t need to leave the city

they want to.They will be able to move about in the city by transport controlled

computers.Let’s imagine how the life will be then!()21.A.has grown

B.is growing

C.are growing D.have grown()22.A.many

B.much

C.more

D.larger()23.A.impossible

B.possible

C.important

D.necessary()24.A.aren’t

B.won’t be

C.won’t have D.haven’t()25.A.A way

B.A road

C.An answer D.An idea()26.A.lower

B.shorter

C.stronger

D.higher()27.A.live

B.study

C.work

D.be()28.A.spend

B.cost

C.pay

D.take()29.A.until

B.when

C.while

D.unless()30.A.by

B.at

C.with

D.in

二、知识传授

冠词和数词 【考点直击】

1.不定冠词a与an的用法 2.定冠词the的用法 3.“零”冠词

4.基数词的用法 5.序数词的用法 【名师点睛】 一.冠词的用法

冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an)叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。1.不定冠词的用法

(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如: John is a student.Mary is an English teacher.(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如: A steel worker makes steel.Pass me an apple, please.(3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或和物。例如: A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于every。例如: Take the medicine three times a day.They go to see their parents once a week.(5)用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。

I have read the books twice, but I want to read a third time.I don’t have enough money, I need another ten hundred to buy the computer.2.定冠词用法

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:

The book on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China.(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:

Open the door, please.Jack is in the library.(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如:

Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如:

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.January is the first month of the year.(6)用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:

The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如:

the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。

(8)用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇”。例如:

the Browns, the whites等。

(9)用在方位名词前 或习惯用法

in the south / on the right / in the day / in the end

(10)用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。

如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea, the Taiwan Island, etc.(11)用在某些建筑物名词前。

如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People 3.不用冠词的情况

(1)某些专有名词(国名,城市名,人名, 路名),抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如:

China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。

(2)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代词时,不用冠词。例如:

That is my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。They are workers.We are students.(4)称呼语前不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如: I don’t feel well today, Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5)三餐饭的名称前,棋类, 球类活动,学科和节目名词前,常不用冠词。例如: I have lunch at home.He often plays football and chess after class.We have English and maths every day.(6)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 但中国的传统节日前一般加“the” The Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节

The Spring Festival 春节

(7)在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。例如:

By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school/university, on foot, from morning till night 等。定冠不定冠 意思差千万

有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。如: 1)at table在吃饭;

at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上课;

in the class在班级中 3)go to school去上学;go to the school到那所学校去 4)go to bed上床睡觉;

go to the bed到床那边去 5)in front of在„的前面;

in the front of在„的前部.二.数词的用法

数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。1.基数词的用法

(1)基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如:

Thirty of them are Party members.(主语)

---How many would you like?

---Three,please.(作宾语)

The nine boys are from Tianjing.(定语)

Six plus four is ten.(表语)

We four will go with you.(同位语)

(2)表示一个具体数字时,hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:

Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless.Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.They arrived in twos and threes.

(3)表示“„„十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代,例如:

He is in his early thirties.

He died still in his forties.

This took place in 1930s.(4)表示时刻用基数词。例如: We get up at six.The workers begin work at eight.表示“几点过几分”,用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如: ten past ten,a quarter past nine, half past twelve

表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如: twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten

表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如: seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty

2.序数词的用法

(1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如:

The first truck is carrying a foot baskets.

John lives on the fifteenth floor.

(2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”,“又一”这样的意思,例如:

We'll have to do it a second time.

Shall I ask him a third time?

When I sat down,a fourth man rose to speak.

(3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应,很容易写错,应特别注意。它们是:

one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。(4)表示年,月,日时,年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如: 1949年十月一日读作: October(the)first, nineteen sixty 2004年九月十日读作:September(the)tenth, two thousand and four(5)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母加-s。例如:

three fourths,one second,two fifths(6)序数词有时用缩写形式:

first→1st second→2nd

third→3rd fourth→4th

twenty-second→22nd

三、知识拓展 冠词和数词练习

一、单项选择。

1.(2007年广东省佛山市中考题)

Guangdong Sports Games was held in Foshan last November.A.The twelve

B.Twelfth

C.The twelfth 2.(2007年广东省佛山市中考题)Do you like a blue bike for your birthday?-----But I prefer

green one.A.the

B./

C.a 3.(2008年广东省佛山市中考题)

When you make a mistake, don't always make _______ excuse for yourself.A.an

B.the

C./ 4.(2008年广东省佛山市中考题)

Guangdong Sports Games was held in Foshan last November.A.The twelve

B.Twelfth

C.The twelfth 5.(2009年广东省佛山市中考题)

After Lucy and Lily, Tony is now

student to win the game in our class.A.the third

B.a third

C.the second 6.(2009年广东省佛山市中考题)

―Do you like the song You and Me?

一Yes, very much.I've never heard

.A.a better one

B.a good one

C.the best one 7.(2010年广东省佛山市中考题)

Lao She was a very famous writer and even

young like his works.A.the

B./

C.a 8.(2011年广东省佛山市中考题)

In LA Lingling lived with

Smiths and got on well with the host family.A.a

B.the

C./ 9.(2011年广东省佛山市中考题)

To many foreigners, Guangzhou has become their

hometown.A.two

B.second

C.the second 10.(2012年广东省佛山市中考题)

Was maths exam which we took yesterday difficult?

A.a B.the C.an 11.(2012年广东省佛山市中考题)

Three students ran faster than Lily in the race.Lily was

.A.the fourth

B.four

C.the third 12.(2013年广东省佛山市中考题)

______ 2013 Guangzhou Reading Month was started on Mar.30th.A.A

B.An

C.The 13.(2013年广东省佛山市中考题)

Wang Yaping will become China’s ______ woman astronaut into space after Liu Yang.A.two

B.second

C.the second 14.(2014年广东省佛山市中考题)

Thank you for

invitation.I’m looking forward to that party.A.a

B.an

C.the 15.(2014年广东省佛山市中考题)

Batman and spiderman are

of the most famous American cartoons.A.two

B.second

C.the second 二.句子改错:下面各句A, B, C, D中有一处错误,请指出并改正。1.May is

a

fifth month of the year.()

A

B

C

D 2.The film has been on for half a hour.()

A

B

C

D 3.The boys and the girls often play the foot ball in

the afternoon.()

A

B

C

D 4.It looks rain.Why not take a umbrella with you?()

A

B

C

D 5.Li Mei often gives us some good information by the e-meil.()

A

B

C

D

6.We’ve planted two hundreds trees in the centre of our city this year.()

A

B

C

D 7.Five million

of dollars is a lot of money.()

A

B

C

D 8.There are thousand of

children in the park now.()

A

B

C

D 9.By the end of twenty century, the world population had passed six billion.()

A

B

C

D 10.Over three fifth of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.()

A

B

C

D

四、知识小结

本节课主要学习了Module9重要的单词和短语,对Module9的弱项知识进行训练,让学生掌握做题技巧,巩固学生的弱项知识点,并讲解单元语法冠词和数词,了解其用法及考点,为中考考此类型的题奠定基础。

五、布置作业 模块综合检测(九)Module 9(45分钟

100分)第Ⅰ卷(共40分)Ⅰ.听力(10分)(Ⅰ)录音中有五段对话,听一遍后,选择最佳答案。(5分)1.Which country has the larger population? A.China.B.India.C.Canada.2.Does the man think the world’s population will stop increasing? A.Yes,he does.B.No,he doesn’t.C.I don’t know.3.What does the man think is the biggest problem in the world today? A.Too much traffic.B.Poor education.C.Population growth.4.Does the man know what will happen? A.Yes.B.No.C.We don’t know.5.Why can’t they watch TV? A.Because they are too close to the TV.B.Because the man doesn’t like watching TV.C.Because there is no TV show at that time.(Ⅱ)录音中有一篇短文,听两遍后,选择最佳答案。(5分)6.China has a population of about______.A.1.37 million

B.13.7 billion C.1.37 billion 7.Half of the people in China live______.A.in the countryside

B.in the island C.out of the country 8.______the families can offer their children a good education.A.All

B.None of

C.Not all 9.______problem is still very serious in China according to the letter.A.Less developed education B.Comfortable life C.The large population 10.Maria wants to know______of Dick’s country.A.the population

B.the life C.the education Ⅱ.单项选择(10分)1.(2012·凉山中考)This is______interesting movie and it’s also______most interesting one I’ve ever seen.A.an;a

B.an;the

C.a;the 2.______trees will be planted on that mountain next spring.A.Thousands of

B.Two thousands C.Two thousand of

D.Thousand of 3.Many countries are making laws to______pollution.A.protect

B.fight

C.save

D.try 4.There______many changes in my home town in ten years’time.A.will have

B.will has C.will be

D.is having 5.To live a green life,we should try to save______energy and produce______ pollution.A.more;less

B.less;more C.more;fewer

D.most;least 6.Mo Yan is one of the______writers in China.A.largest

B.greatest

C.biggest

D.hugest 7.She is a quiet girl,so she doesn’t like too______people or too______noise.A.many;many

B.much;much C.many;much

D.much;many 8.Business is too bad.They will have to______soon.A.pick up

B.close to C.pay for

D.close down 9.—Can you finish the work in an hour? —______.A.Good idea

B.That’s all right C.No problem

D.I don’t believe it

10.______the population of China by the year 2060? A.How many will be

B.How much will be C.What will be

D.What will Ⅲ.完形填空(10分)

What is the population of China?There are more than 1.37 billion people in China.It is__1__one fifth of the world’s population.How to control the population growth is a big problem.Some people think it’s__2__to control the population growth.But I don’t quite agree__3__them because where there is a will,there is a way.The question is how we could__4__it known to everyone how serious the population problems are.Our farmland is becoming less and less to everyone.We have already got too many mouths to feed.__5__we control the population growth,many people will die__6__hunger.Too fast population growth will be bad for our nation.Though laws have been passed to control the population growth,in some places__7__is done to carry out(贯彻)the laws.We should make people__8__that it is foolish of them to give birth to too many children.They should no longer do what they have been doing for many years.We are fighting__9__too fast population growth.Yet the fighting won’t end__10__everyone knows its importance and does something for it.1.A.most B.almost

C.highly

D.hardly 2.A.possible

B.necessary C.impossible

D.unnecessary 3.A.to

B.for

C.with

D.on 4.A.let

B.make

C.ask

D.bring 5.A.If not

B.Unless

C.Until

D.If 6.A.of

B.about

C.in

D.out of 7.A.many

B.little

C.a lot

D.much 8.A.to know

B.to learn C.know

D.learning 9.A.for

B.against

C.to

D.about 10.A.until

B.after

C.when

D.as Ⅳ.任务型阅读(10分)Most new people were born in developing countries.These countries are found in much of Africa,South America and some parts of Asia.In the developed countries of Europe and North America,the population is growing very slowly.This is because women in these countries have,on average(平均),only one or two children.In the developing countries,many women have five or more children.In 1950,around__________①(百分之二十五)of the world’s population lived in the developed countries.By 2050,these countries will be home to only around one tenth of the world’s population.②In the developing countries,more than one billion people are still living below the poverty(贫困)line.These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing.Children get little time at school and people suffer(遭受痛苦)from many kinds of diseases.③At the beginning of the 21st century,the world’s population was around six billion.The U.N.has said that the world’s population will level off(平稳下降)at 12.5 billion by the year 2100.Other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow,reaching 14 billion before it becomes stable(稳定的),or even falls.阅读短文,完成下列任务。

1.In what areas of the world can developing countries be found? __________________________________________________________________ 2.将①处的汉语翻译成英语。

__________________________________________________________________ 3.将句②翻译成汉语。

__________________________________________________________________ 4.写出句③的同义句。

At the beginning of the 21st century,the world______ ______ ______ ______about six billion.5.There will be twelve and a half billion people on the earth in 2100,won’t there? __________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷(共60分)Ⅴ.词汇运用(10分)(Ⅰ)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。(5分)1.It’s hard for us to s________the problem.2.The factory has produced a lot of r______,so the environment is very dirty around it.3.Many p______are playing basketball with their PE teacher on the playground now.4.A b______is one thousand million.5.It’s q________and dark in the midnight there.(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空。(5分)6.Which city has the______(large)population,Shanghai,Beijing or Qingdao? 7.Two______(five)of the students are girls in Class 6,Grade 8.8.Countryside’s population______(not grow)so fast in the future.9.Look!She______(make)notes.10.The government needs______(build)more homes.Ⅵ.完成句子(10分)1.——你好,我是凯罗尔,请玛丽接电话好吗? ——请稍等,她马上来。

—Hello,this is Carol.May I______ ______Mary? —Please______ ______.She is coming at once.2.我家在公园附近。

My home______ ______ ______the park.3.去年帕克威尔的人口是多少呢? ______ ______the population______Parkville last year? 4.我们搬到了一所有2 000名学生的学校。We______ ______a school______2,000 students.5.噪音污染对我们的听力是有害的。______ ______is bad for our hearing.Ⅶ.短文填空(10分)enough,health,live in,stand room,thousand, slow,grow,ever before,earth,population Ten thousand years ago,the world’s__1__was very small.For several__2__years it grew quite__3__.But during the last three or four hundred years it__4__very quickly.Today,it is still growing faster than__5__.In 600 years,there will be only__6__on the earth.Each person will have one half to one square metre of space__7__.This means we must grow more food,and have smaller families with fewer,but__8__children.If we don’t do these things,the results will be bad.There will not be__9__space even to stand in on the__10__.1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______ 6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______ Ⅷ.书面表达(30分)

结合本模块所学知识,从自己的切身感受出发,以“Problems Caused by the Increasing Population”为题,写一篇有关人口增长引发的问题的短文。要求:80个词左右。短文开头已给出,不计入总词数。Problems Caused by the Increasing Population Nowadays,the population of the world is becoming larger and larger.With the increase of the population of the world, ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案解析

Ⅰ.【听力材料】

(Ⅰ)1.W:What about the population of India? M:It’s just smaller than that of China.2.W:What will the population of the world be? M:It will increase,I think.3.W:What’s the biggest problem the world faces today? M:Some say it’s too much traffic.Others say it’s poor education.I think it’s population growth.4.W:Can you guess what’s the next for the competition? M:Sorry.I have no idea.5.W:How about watching TV with me,Tony? M:Oh,no.Television closes down for the night after eleven o’clock.答案:1~5.ABCBC(Ⅱ)Dear Dick, How time flies!I have been back to school for two weeks.These days,I have known a lot about the population of China.China has a population of about 1.37 billion.It has reached about one fifth of the world’s population.About 50 percent of the people live in the countryside.It causes many difficulties.In less developed areas,some parents prefer boys to girls.Not all the families can offer their children a good education.Some children can’t go to school.China has tried to control the population.The large population problem is still serious in China though we have had a more comfortable life.How about the population of your country?Can you tell me about it? Yours, Maria 答案:6~10.CACCA Ⅱ.1.【解析】选B。本题考查冠词的用法。a用在以辅音(指辅音音素)开头的词前,an用在以元音(指元音音素)开头的词前。故interesting前用an,最高级前要加the。故选B。

2.【解析】选A。本题考查数词的用法。thousand“千”,thousands of意为“成千上万的”;当thousand前有数词修饰时,thousand只能用单数形式,也不可以和of连用。故选A。3.【解析】选B。本题考查动词词义辨析。protect“保护”,fight“与„„斗争”,save“节省”,try“尝试”。句意:许多国家正在制定法律抗击污染。故选B。

4.【解析】选C。本题考查固定句式。句意:十年后,我的家乡将会有很多变化。there be结构的将来时,可用there will+be+...来表示,故选C。

5.【解析】选A。本题考查形容词的比较级。根据句意“为了绿色生活,我们应该节省更多的能源和产生更少的污染。”可知选A。6.【解析】选B。本题考查形容词辨析。句意:莫言是中国最伟大的作家之一。四个词都有“大的”意思,但是great指“伟大的”,带有一定的感情色彩,故选B。

7.【解析】选C。本题考查形容词辨析。many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词。people“人;人们”表示复数意义,用many来修饰;noise是不可数名词,用much修饰。故选C。8.【解析】选D。本题考查固定短语。pick up“捡起”;close to“在„„附近”;pay for“支付”;close down“关闭”。句意:生意太坏了,他们将不得不歇业。故选D。

9.【解析】选C。本题考查情景交际。句意:——你能在一小时内完成这项工作吗?——没问题。Good idea“好主意”;That’s all right“没关系”;No problem“没问题”;I don’t believe it“我不相信”。故选C。

10.【解析】选C。本题考查固定句型。对人口数量提问的句型为:What’s the population of...?时间状语是by the year 2060,所以该句使用一般将来时。故选C。

Ⅲ.1.【解析】选B。本题考查词义辨析。句意:那几乎是世界人口的五分之一。most“大部分”;almost“几乎”;highly“非常,很”;hardly“几乎不”。B项符合题意。

2.【解析】选C。本题考查语境理解。由下文“我不同意他们的观点,因为‘有志者事竟成’”可知这句话的意思为“一些人认为控制人口增长是不可能的”。possible“可能的”;necessary“必要的”;impossible“不可能的”;unnecessary“不必要的”。C项符合题意。

3.【解析】选C。本题考查固定搭配。agree with sb.“同意某人的观点”,固定短语。故选C。4.【解析】选B。本题考查词义辨析。“使某事被做”make sth.done,其他三个动词无此用法。故选B。

5.【解析】选B。本题考查连词。句意:除非我们控制人口增长„„。if not“如果不”,可以单独使用,后面不接从句;unless“除非”;until“直到”;if“如果”。故选B。6.【解析】选A。本题考查固定搭配。die of“死于”,故选A。

7.【解析】选B。本题考查词义辨析。句意:虽然颁布了许多控制人口的法律,但是在有些地方,几乎没做什么来贯彻法律。many/a lot/much“许多”,little“几乎没有”。故选B。8.【解析】选C。本题考查固定搭配。make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”。故选C。

9.【解析】选B。本题考查固定搭配。fight against“与„„作斗争”,固定搭配。故选B。10.【解析】选A。本题考查固定搭配。not...until“直到„„才”,固定句型。故选A。Ⅳ.答案:1.In much of Africa,South America and some parts of Asia.2.twenty-five percent 3.在发展中国家,超过10亿的人仍然生活在贫困线以下。4.had a population of 5.Yes,there will.Ⅴ.答案:1.solve 2.rubbish 3.pupils 4.billion 5.quiet 6.largest 7.fifths 8.won’t grow 9.is making 10.to build Ⅵ.答案:1.speak to;hang on 2.is close to 3.What was;of 4.moved to;with 5.Noise pollution Ⅶ.答案:1.population 2.thousand 3.slowly 4.grew 5.ever before 6.standing room 7.to live in 8.healthier 9.enough 10.earth Ⅷ.【参考范文】

Problems Caused by the Increasing Population Nowadays,the population of the world is becoming larger and larger.With the increase of the population of the world,there are more and more problems.First,there is less and less food for everyone to eat.So some people in poor areas will even die of hunger.Second,the cities become bigger and bigger,and more and more people have their own cars.This causes much more air pollution and noise pollution.Third,there is less and less energy for people to use.So we should try our best to control the increase of the population.Then we will have a happier life.

第三篇:中考冠词、数词用法复习小结

培优中考冠词用法复习小结

歌曰:定冠词用法有规律,防止遗志很容易。

冠词是英语中最常见的一种限定词,它在句子中不能充当任何句子成分,所以也不能单独使用,特指双方都熟悉,上文已经被提及。只能用在名词前面,说明所指的人或物。冠词共有两种:不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a和an,世上无二仅独一,序数词和最高级。定冠词有the。在实际使用中,还有一种叫零冠词的,即在名词的前面不用任何冠词。

山河海岛建筑物,姓氏复数奏乐器。

[焦点一]不定冠词

少数形表人一类,方位名词须牢记。1.用法

普构专有惯用词,试用此诀有效率。l)表示数量有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强。l)特指某人或某物。如________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an

B.The;a C.The;the

D.A;the(2000年青海省)There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A.an B.a

C.the

D.× 2)指双方都知道的人或事物。如:Where are the new books,Jim? 2)表示某个人或事物,但不具体说明何人或何物,表示泛指。3)指上文提到过的人或物。如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.3):表示人或事物的某一类。4)用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc.如:Pass me an apple, please. 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如:The third one is carrying the fewest of all.4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于every\per。6)用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island, etc.如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week.

5)表示某一个,相当于a certain 7)用在某些建筑物名词前。如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.8)用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc.2 不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前面。另外,在表9)用在乐器名词前。如:the piano, the violin, etc.示一个以辅音音素开头的字母(如:b,c,d,g,j,k等)时,字母前面用a;在表示一个以元音10)用在少数名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物。如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.音素开头的字母(如:a,e,l,m,n等)时,字母前面用an。例如: 11)用在表示方向位置的名词前。如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.1)(2002年济南市)This is ________ empty bottle.Could you give me ______ full one? 12)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the People’s Republic of China, etc.A.a;a

B.an;a

C.the;the

D.×;a 13)用在某些习惯用语中。如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc.2)(2003年广西壮族自治区)There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.in the evening 在晚上in the field

在田野里in the country

在乡间in the sun

在阳光下

A.the

B.×

C.a

D.an on the right

在右边by the way

顺便说一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime

白天

3)(2004年广东省)----Did you do well in ____________ English exam? go to the concert

去听音乐会 in the beginning

开始

at the moment

当时,此刻

----Yes, I got ____________“A”.all the year round

一年到头go to the cinema

去看电影go to the theatre 去看戏

A.the;an

B.an;the

C.a;×

D.the;a at the weekend

周末 in the afternoon

在下午in the sky

在空中in the dark 在暗处

3.用于某些固定词组中。例如:half an apple 半个苹果 in the rain 在雨中on the left

在左边all the time

始终in the middle of 在中间

Two hours and a half

half an hour

半个小时as a result

因此

for a while

一会儿

once on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然at the same time 同时in the end 终于 in a while

偶尔

for a moment 一会儿

have a word with sb.同某人谈话

have a nice trip

on the one hand, on the other hand

一方面,另一方面 旅途愉快

have(/take)a walk

散步

make a face

做鬼脸

in a hurry

匆忙地

do sb.a [焦点三]不用冠词的几种情况:零冠词的基本用法 favor

帮某人忙

take an active part in 积极参加

live a happy life

过幸福生活

歌曰:下列情况不用冠,名词之前代词限; give a lesson

教一堂课

once upon a time

从前

专有名词不可数,球类学科与三餐;

(2004年福州市)----Where is Xiao Ming?--He’s having __________ rest over there.复数名词表泛指,节日月份星期前;

A.a B.an

C.the

D.×

颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。a useful book

一件有用的书

a university

一所大学 1)当名词前已经有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、a European country

一个欧洲国家

a one-eyed man

一个一目失明的人 名词所有格等修饰限定时,不加冠词 an hour

一小时

an honor 一种荣誉 如:The letter is in her bag.an honest boy

一个诚实的男孩

an umbrella

一把伞 an uncle

一位叔叔 2)专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前。如:China,water,music, etc.

[焦点二]定冠词主要和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下:

3)球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前。4)复数名词表示泛指。如:They are workers 5)节日、星期、月份、季节名称前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前。Make her monitor 7)某些固定词组或习惯用语中。

如:at night noon , go to school, by bus, at home

在家

on time 准时in time 按时at work 在工作on show

在展出in trouble 处于困境 at first 起初at last

终于in fact

事实上on holiday

在度假on duty

值日 at times

有时候after class

课后at night

在夜间with pleasure

乐意地 8 某些交通工具名称前不用冠词 by train 乘火车(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租车(= in a taxi)by plane 乘飞机(=on a plane)by bus 乘公交车(=on a bus)by bike 骑自行车(=on a bike)by car 乘小汽车(=in a car)

on foot 步行 定冠不定冠 意思差千万

有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词,其意义有所不同。如:1)at table在吃饭;

at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上课;

in the class在班级中 3)go to school去上学;go to the school到那所学校去 4)go to bed上床睡觉;

go to the bed到床那边去 5)in front of在…的前面;

in the front of在…的前部.6)take place 发生,举行 take one's place

代替某人(的工作)

7)on earth

究竟,到底(用于加强语气)on the earth

在地球上

8)four of them

他们当中4人(不只4人)he four of them

他们4人(共计4人)9)next week(month)下周(下个月)(以现在看将来)

the next week(month)

第二周(下个月)(在过去某一时间之后)10)in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在医院里(不一定生病)11)a number of 许多(修饰可数名词复数)

the number of ……的数量(修饰可数名词,作主语是谓语动词用单数)13 两个平行、并列的名词前不用冠词

例:arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side

肩并肩one by one 一个接一个

hand in hand

手拉手

face to face

面对面

day by day 一天一天的day and night

日日夜夜

中考考点冠词练习

举一反三,学的更轻松!

1.-What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be ________ artist when I grow up.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./ 2.-Are you ________ Chinese or American?-Chinese.But I was brought up in New York.A.an

B./

C.the

D.one 3.-Where is Tom?

-He's having ________ rest over there.A.a

B.an

C.the

D.不填

4.Antonia is ________ American girl.She studies in ________ university in Changsha.A.the;a

B.a;a

C.an;a

D.an; an 5.-Have you got ________ E-mail address?-Oh yes.Mine is hfc2008@sohu.com.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

6.-Have you seen ________ magazine? I left it here a moment ago.-Is it________ new English magazine? I saw it was taken away by Bruce.A.a; a

B.a;an

C.a; the

D.the; the 7.We can't see ________sun at ________ night.A.a,/ B.a,the

C.the,/

D.the,the

8.This is ________song I've told you about.Isn't it ________beautiful song? A.the;the B.a; a

C.the; a

D.a; the 9.-Did you enjoy your stay in Guangzhou?

-Yes.We had ________ wonderful time in the White Clouds Hill.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

10.Jim is good at ________ piano.He does well in ________ football,too.A.playing,playing

B.playing,playing the C.playing the,to play

D.playing the,playing

11.There's ________apple tree in front of ________house.A.an,/ B.the,the

C.an,the

D.a,the

12.It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.A.an,a B.a,an

C.an,/

D.a,/ 练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

1.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.2.---Do you like playing _________ football?

---Yes.But I have only _________ basketball.3.Do you know _______girl on ________ other side of ________ lake?

4.There's ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.5.She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.6.His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7.Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?

8.Don't make any noise in ______class.9.He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11.Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night.________ film was about ______ kind doctor.一、数词的分类 1.基数词

表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下: A.从1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.从 11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 这里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。C.从 21——99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位数

个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位数以上

从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and

Horses every day.

每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。

G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十来岁时死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世纪六十年代。H.基数词的句法功能

基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。

The two happily opened the box.两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语)I need three altogether.我总共需要三个。(作宾语)

Four students are playing volleyball outside.四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语)We are sixteen.我们是16个人。(作表语)

They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。(作同位语)2.序数词

表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式: A.从第一至第十九

其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.从第二十至第九十九

整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth

表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序数词

由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一

one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序数词的缩写形式

有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。E.序数词的句法功能

序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语)He choose the second.他挑选了第二个。(作宾语)

We are to carry out the first plan.我们将执行第一个计划。(作定语)She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名。(作表语)

注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再——”,“又——”。

We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。

We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗?

另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)

the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)

二、时刻表示法

1.表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 读作 five o'clock 或 five 2.表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时 five past seven 七点过五分 half past six 六点半

a quarter past eight 八点过一刻 seven past eight 八点过七分

3.表示几点差几分,在分钟后面加to,再加小时 ten to eight 差十分八点(七点五十分)

a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六点(五点四十分)

在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。6:31读作 six thirty-one 10:26读作 ten twenty-six 14:03 读作 fourteen o three 16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 读作 eighteen thirty 23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five

注:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。

三、年月表示法

1.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪

the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪 the 1900's 二十世纪 the 1600's 十七世纪

这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。2.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成

in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世纪三十年代

in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世纪六十年代 In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。

3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920's 在二十世纪二十年代早期 in the mid-1950's 在二十世纪五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法

A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。

1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 读作 eighteen hundred 253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。

B.月份,在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外。January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月 November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月

注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。National Day is on Oct.1.国庆节是十月一日。(读作 October first)此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(读作May fifth)也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(读作March first或 the first of March)

5.表示不具体、不确切的时间,如世纪、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in表示,表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。

On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。

I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.这次事故发生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning.星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。

四、加减乘除表示法

1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示。2+3=? 可表示为: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five.

If we add two to/and three, we get five.二加三等于五 2.“减”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4Ten minus six is four.

Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four.十减去六等于四 3.“乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve.

Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二 4.“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示

16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4Sixteen divided by four is four.

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。

五、分数表示法

1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

3.表示“n次方”的说法:指数用序数词,底数用基数词。

10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小数表示法

1.小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o[ou],整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三

25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三

2.当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数。1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 l.5 tons 一点五吨

七、百分数表示法

百分数用基数+percent表示 50% fifty percent

百分之五十 3% three percent

百分之三

0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二

这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent这一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。

八、数量表示法

1.表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容词(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词(length,width,height,weight等)表示。

two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽 This box is 2 kilograms in weight.这个盒子有两千克重。

The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墙是12米宽,12米高。2.表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes' walk步行五分钟(的距离)

It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。或:从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。

It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。3.表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示。

thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 摄氏 36度

four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 摄氏零下4度

Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在华氏三十二度时结冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略。

You are 37℃.(读作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(摄氏)It's seven degrees below zero.今天是零下七度。(摄氏)

4.由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。

It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。She's a sixteen-year-old girl.她是个十六岁的女孩。5.表示“比···大(或)几倍”的说法。

This room is two times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.这本词典比那本书厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年龄比他大两倍。

第四篇:2014年中考英语语法考点专题总复习教案冠词和数词

冠词和数词 不定冠词的用法

冠词本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词,另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。

不定冠词a(an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

1)表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。例如:

A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2)代表一类人或物。例如:

A knife is a tool for cutting with.刀是切割的工具。

Mr.Smith is an engineer.史密斯先生是工程师。

3)组成词组或成语,如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但意义较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1)特指双方都明白的人或物。例如:

Take the medicine.把药吃了。

2)上文提到过的人或事。例如:

He bought a house.I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

3)指世上独一物二的事物,如the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth等。

4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面。例如:

Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。

That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。

6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。例如:

They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)

7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。例如:

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。例如:

the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国

the United States

美国

9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如:

She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。例如:

the Greens

格林一家人(或格林夫妇)

11)用在惯用语中。例如:

in the day, in the morning(afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky(water,field,country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle(of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 3 零冠词的用法

1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary。

2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词。例如:

They are teachers.他们是教师。

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。例如:

Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。

4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词。例如:

Man cannot live without water.离开水人就无法生存。

5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词。例如:

We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。例如:

The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,如have breakfast,play chess。

8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词。例如:

I can't write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。

9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,如by bus,by train。

10)有些个体名词不用冠词,如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。例如:

go to hospital

去医院看病

go to the hospital

去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

11)不用冠词的序数词;

a.序数词前有物主代词时。

b.序数词作副词。例如:He came first in the race.他跑步得了第一。

c.在固定词组中,如at(the)first, first of all, from first to last等。冠词与形容词+名词结构

1)两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同的人或物。例如:

He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

The black and the white cats are hers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。

2)如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一人或一物。例如:

He raises a black and white cat.他养了一只花猫。冠词位置

1)不定冠词位置

不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:

a.位于such,what,many,half等形容词之后。例如:

I have never seen such an animal.我从来没见过这样的动物。

Many a man is fit for the job.许多人适合这岗位。

b.当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。例如:

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.我从未这么高兴过。

So short a time 如此短的时间

Too long a distance 距离太远了

c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可,如:rather a cold day/a rather cold day。

d.在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后。例如:

Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。2)定冠词位置

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。例如:

All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。

数词

表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数

词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

一、基数词

1)基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five。

2)基数词一般是单数形式,但遇下列情况,常用复数:

a.与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人;

b.在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里。例如:

They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到了。

c.表示“几十岁”。

d.表示“年代”,用 in +the +数词复数。

e.在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如Three fives is(are)fifteen。

二、序数词

序数词的缩写形式如first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st等。

三、数词的用法

1)倍数表示法

a.主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj.+ as。例如

I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。

b.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size(amount,length…)of…。例如:

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。

c.主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…。例如:

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last

year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。

d.还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍。例如:

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍。

2)分数表示法的构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数。例如:

1/3

one-third; 3/37

three and three-sevenths.

第五篇:中考数词复习教学反思

中考数词复习教学反思

河北中学 孔繁芳

本节课的课题是《2016年中考英语语法复习——数词》,课型是“专题语法复习课型”。以下是我对这节课的反思。

本节语法专题复习课所涉及的内容较多,分别如下:

1、基数词的写法和读法;基数词的基本用法

2、序数词的写法和读法(基数词变序数词的规则,记忆口诀);序数词的用法

3、分数百分数的表示及用法

4、数词的用法:年月日、世纪的表达、时刻表达法、表示某人的岁数“.....多岁”、表示“年代”、合成形容词做定语修饰名词、基数词 + 度量单位(注意复数)+ 形容词、编号还有倍数的表达。

本节课的重难点是:基数词和序数词的概念区别;基数词和序数词的正确表示;基数词用法之合成形容词作定语表示计量的句型;序数词用法之“再一,又一”的表达;时刻表示中的逆读法 past/ to等等。

在课堂组织方面,先让学生带着问题去讨论然后进行循环展示。展示1基数词的写法和读法具体包括基本基数词、整十基数词、“几十几”基数词、“几百几”以及1000以上的基数词的写法与读法;展示2基数词的基本用法,具体包括表示具体数目,表示不确定的数目;展示3是序数词的写法和读法以及基数词变序数词的规则(口诀)展示4 序数词的用法,包括特指第几个事物,不定冠词 a/an + 序数词,表示 “再一,又一”。展示5分数和百分数的表达及用法。展示6是数词的用法:年月日、世纪的表达、时刻表达法、表示某人的岁数“.....多岁”、表示“年代”、合成形容词做定语修饰名词、基数词 + 度量单位(注意复数)+ 形容词、编号还有倍数的表达。

成功之处:

这节课课题、课型明显;课堂目标、重难点明确,知识系统较为全面;提出了中考英语语法复习的一般性方法:研读理论,系统归纳考点,做题训练,要点整理记忆;任务分配到位,每个组都有讨论和展示的内容;课堂组织以学生主体,以老师为主导。

不足之处:

1.一节课的内容太多,影响“重难点”的突破。2.内容上不完,时间仓促,学困生学习效果令人担忧。今后的整改措施:

1.内容的设计方面可以全面,但是课堂的讨论和展示要凸显重点,学生会的就不要再啰嗦。比如基数词的构成,只需要找几个较为特殊的词(如40forty, 50 fifty)考查一下学生就可以了, 这可以节约时间。再如,讨论和展示的内容应该是共性问题,也就是大家都为难的地方,至于个性问题就不应该拿出来展示,如基数词的用法之(1)表示确定的数,数字+hundred/ thousand等,基数词的用法之(2)表示不确定的数,hundreds of / thousands of 这两个知识绝大部分同学在平时的生活中就已经会了,根本没有必要拿来展示。

2.语法的教授,可以通过一个知识点对应一些练习题进行,或者通过做相关的几道题目,然后带领学生一起总结知识点。

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