初中英语被动语态的教案

第一篇：初中英语被动语态的教案

被动语态

授课人：

授课时间：

一、语态概述

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)

The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)

判断：你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？

We call the doctor.People don’t play football here.The truck was cleaned yesterday.Mr Chen teaches us English.The classroom was cleaned.二、被动语态的构成：be+动词的过去分词+by sb（be+done)

一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught

一般过去时：was／were＋taught

一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught

过去进行时：have／has been＋taught

现在完成时：have／has been＋taught

含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should...+be done

歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

三、主动变被动的方法

口诀：主变宾，宾变主，By 句尾跟

Be 字变，Vpp跟后面

一、选择题（2×15=30分）

一、选择题（2×15=30分）

（）1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A.Is;built

B.Was;built

C.Does;build

D.Did;build（）2.An accident ____ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened

D.happened（）3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China.A.is grown

B.are grown

C.grows

D.grow（）4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.A.is visited

B.will be visited

C.has been visited was visited（）5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A.is given

B.has been given

C.will be given

D.gives（）6.How many trees ____ this year?

A.are planted

B.will plant

C.have been planted D.planted（）7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.D.A.are doing

B.are being done

C.has been done D.will be done（）8.--When ___ this kind of computers______?--Last year.A.did;use

B.was;used

C.is;used

D.are;used（）9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.A.knows

B.knew

C.is known

D.was known（）10.Who _____ this book _____?

A.did;written

B.was;written by

C.did;written

D.was;written（）11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us

B.was told to us

C.is told us

D.told us（）12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.A.jump

B.jumps

C.jumped

D.to jump（）13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.A.puts

B.can be put

C.can be putted

D.can put（）14.Older people ____ well.A.looks after

B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after（）15.Our teacher ______ carefully.A.should be listened to B.should be listen

C.be listened

D.is listened

1.They built a new school in the village last year.（改为被动语态）

A new school ___________ ___________ in the village last year.2.In the old days people used teapots（茶壶）to make tea.（改为被动语态）

In the old days teapots ___________ ___________ to make tea.3.This makes me feel thirsty.（改为被动语态）

I __________ __________ __________ feel thirsty by this.4.Did you buy this bike from the shop ?（改为被动语态）

__________ __________ __________ __________ from the shop（by you）? 5.Only this year, millions of trees has been planted by the soldiers（改为主动语态）Only this year, The soldiers ___________ ___________ millions of

trees..6.We should speak to old men politely.（改为被动语态）

Old men should __________ __________ __________ politely.

第二篇：初中英语被动语态的教案(教学设计)

初二英语 被动语态

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。判断：看我上面举的例子，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？

He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)

The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)说明：好了，现在我们对被动语态的句子形式有了一个形象的认识，但英语句子是千变万化的，这时就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。下面老师就来具体讲一讲被动语态的构成。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

说明：别看英语中一会儿主动被动一会儿现在时一会儿过去时啥的，好像看得咱们眼花缭乱啦。其实呢，这么一堆东西归纳起来，就两点：时态和语态。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught

一般过去时：was／were＋taught

一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught

过去进行时：have／has been＋taught

现在完成时：have／has been＋taught

歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

说明：那么，什么时候用被动语态呢？简单的说，凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：

Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。

补充内容：

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are madeby themin the factory.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：

We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away.It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found 2 English ____ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sung 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.A, makes B.made C.is making D.is made 5 New computers ___ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used 2 1 Our room must ___ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep 2-I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry.___.A.it sold B.it's selling C.It's been sold D.it had been sold A new house ___ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be building 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.A.was left

B.will be left C.is left D.has been left 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.A.need

B.are needing C.are needed D.will need 6 His new book___ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been published 3 1 Japanese ___ in every country.A.is not spoken B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is not speaking 2 These papers___yet.A.have not written B.have not been written C.has not written D.has not been written 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.A.didn't

B.won't

C.isn't

D.doesn't 4 1-My shoes are worn out.A.Can't they be mended?

B.Let me have a look at it.C.How much do they cost? D.Can't they mended? 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A.Does

B.Has

C.Is

D.Are 3 ___ these desks be needed?

A.Will

B.Are

C.Has

D.Do 5 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday? A.didn't a meeting hold

B.wasn't a meeting held

C.wasn't held a meeting

D.a meeting wasn't held 2 Who was the book___?

A.write

B.wrote

C.written

D.written by 3 Where ___ these boxes made?

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.am 6 1 The flowers ___ often.A.must be water

B.must be watered

C.must watered

D.must water 2 The books may___ for two weeks.A.be kept

B.be borrowed

C.keep

D.borrow 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.A.can mend B.can mended C.can be mend D.can be mended 7 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B.will rebuilt C.are going to be rebuilt D.are going to rebuilt 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.A.is going to be shown B.will shown C.will show D.is shown 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B.will be rebuild C.are going to be rebuilt D.will rebuild 8 1 Now these magazines__ in the library for a long time.A.have kept B.are keeping C.have been keeping D.have been kept 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.A.grows B.is grown C.were grown D.will grow 4 The bridges___ two years ago.A.is built B.built C.were built D.was built 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.A.hang B.hanged C.hanging D.hung 9 1 The river smells terrible.People must ___ dirty things into it.A.be stopped to throw B.be stopped from throwing C.stop to throw D.stop from throwing 2 The teapot ___ water.A.is filled with B.filled of C.fulling of D.filled 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.A.speak to B.spoken C.speak D.spoken to 4 Old people must ___.A.look after well B.be looked well after C.looked well after D.be looked after well 10 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.A.frightening B.frightened C.frighten D.frightens 3 These walls ___ stone.A.are made of B.made of.C.are made into D.made into 11 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A.called B.was asked C.told D.was said 2 The papers ___ to them.A.were shown B.show C.shown / D.have shown 3 The coat___her sister.A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to 12 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A.gave B.was giving C.had given D.was given 2 She will____good care____.A.take;of B.be taken;of C.take;for you D.be taken;of you 13 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.A.to do B.do C.did D.done 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A.was made to clean B.made cleanC.made to clean D.was made clean 3 These children____dance.A.were seen to B.were seen for C.were seen D.saw to 14 1 These stones___well.A.are fitted B.fit C.fits D.is fitted 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.A.was cost B.costed C.cost D.is costed 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.A.was'had B.was held C.held D.had 15 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.A.took place B.have taken place C.were taking place D.had taken place 2 You can't use the computer, it____.A.was broken down B.is wrong C.is bad D.has broken down 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.A.have happened B.happened C.have been happened D.were happened 4 The watch has often ___ down.A.sat B.lain C.broken D.fell 16 1 Please pass me another cup.This one___.A.is broken B.is breaking C.broke D.broken 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A.are written B.were writtenC.are writing D.were writing 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day? A.does;closed B.does;close C.is;closed D./;close 17 1 Can he___ himself?

A.get dress B.get dressed C.gets dressed D.instead of He fell from his bike and ___.A.is hurt B.gets hurt C.got hurt D.hurt 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__

A.burnt B.burn C.burning D.get burn 18 1 The apple___very sweet.A.is tasted B.taste-C.tastes D.are tasting 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A.see B.watch C.look D.look at 3 What you said ___.like a good idea.A.heard B.listened C.sound D.sounded 19 1-What do you think of the TV play?-Wonderful.It is worth___ a second time.A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing 2 How dirty the tables are!They need___.A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 3 The book is worth ___.A.seeing B.reading C.seen D.read 参考答案：

1.1-5 B D D D C

2.1-6 B C B B C A 3.1-3 A B B 4.1-3 A B A 5.1-3 B D B 6.1-3 B A D

7.1-3 A B A

8.1-5 D B B C D

9.1-4 B A D D 10.1-3 B B A

11.1-3 B A C

12.1-3 D D B

13.1-3 B A A 14.1-4 B C B

15.1-4 B D A C

16.1-3 A B C

17.1-3 B C D 18.1-3 C C D

19.1-3 A C B 6

第三篇：初中英语被动语态用法小结

初中英语被动语态用法小结

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.英语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is/are＋spoken

一般过去时：was／were＋spoken

一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken

过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken

现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken

过去完成时：had been + spoken

三、被动语态的用法

（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）

This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况

1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.被动语态同步达标练习】

Ⅰ.单项选择(选自各地中考题)

()1.The medicine______in a dry and cool place.(2000年重庆市中考题)

A.keep B.must keep C.must be kept D.must be keep

()3.Today ,the forests have almost gone.People must______down too many trees.(2001年安徽省中考题)

A.stop to out B.stop from cutting

C.be stopped to cut D.be stopped from cutting

()5.The key ______ for locking the classroom door.(2001年广西省中考题)

A.uses B.is used C.is using D.use

()6.A new school______over there in two years.(2001年四川省中考题)

A.may build B.may be built C.is built

()8.Computers are very useful.For example ,they can______sending e-mail.(电子邮件)(2001年苏州市中考题)

A.use for B.be used of C.be used for D.use of

()9.—What a nice garden!

—It______every day.(2000年武汉市中考题)

A.is cleaning B.has cleaned C.must clean D.is cleaned

()10.This work ______next week.(2000年广西省中考题)

A.may finish B.finish C.finishes D.may be finished

()11.My house______in 1995.We have lived there for nearly five years.(2000年广西省中考题)

A.was built B.has built C.is built D.were built

()12.The lost boy______early this morning.(2000年四川省中考题)

A.found B.was founded C.was found D.founded

()13.That white building______two years ago ,but it is quite old now.(2000年河北省中考题)

A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds

()14.The big tree______by my mother ten years ago.(2000年甘肃省中考题)

A.was planted B.planted C.has planted D.was planting【综合能力训练】 Ⅱ.用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。.English______widely______(use)in the world..These pictures must(keep)well..She______(fall)ill last night ,and she______(take)to the hospital at once.4.Now rice and wheat______(grow)in my hometown ,too.Look!The

crops__________(grow)fast in the fields..The Great Wall(know)all over the world..______the street lights usually ______(turn)on at seven in summer evening ? 7.______this kind of car______(produce)in Wuhan ?.______the doctor______(send)for last night ?.We used a teapot before the thermos______(invent)..Three children______(take)good care of by the nurse..Some new houses______(build)by the villagers themselves..What language ______(speak)in Japan ?.The black bike______(buy)in that shop three days ago..The doctor said Jim must ______(operate)on at once..The big tree______(blow)down in the storm last night.【创新备考训练】

Ⅲ.将下列主动语态改为被动语态。.You needn’t do it now..You must finish your homework now..We can do the work today..They founded that hospital in 1996..Yesterday we played football after school..People all over the world know the Great Wall.11.He often helps his brother.

第四篇：被动语态教案（范文）

被动语态教学设计

教学目标

1).了解学习被动语态的基本结构。

2)．学习掌握各种时态的被动语态结构。教学重点：

学习掌握各种时态的被动语态结构。教学难点

各种时态的被动语态在实际训练中的用法。情感目标

学生要学会“观察--总结--运用”的学习方法。教学方法 多媒体教学 教学过程

Step 1.Presentation 语法呈现

以幻灯片形式展示两种语态间的变化方法：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。Step2.观察--总结

各种时态被动语态的结构: 1.观察：助动词be（没有时态性）+ 及物动词的过去分词（永远不变的形式）

2.总结：把be动词变成各种时态的形式就是各种时态的被动语态

通过幻灯片学生需要把各种时态的被动语态的结构自己总结出来，写在练习本上，然后老师通过幻灯片把各种时态的被动语态的结构呈现出来。

3一般现在时的被动语态，is/am/are+及物的动词过去分词

一般过去时的被动语态，was/were+及物的动词过去分词。一般将来时的被动语态，will /shall be +及物的动词过去分词。

一般将来时的被动语态，is/am/are going to be +及物的动词过去分词。现在进行时的被动语态，is/am/are being+及物的动词过去分词 过去进行时的被动语态，was/were being+及物的动词过去分词 现在完成时的被动语态，has/have been+及物的动词过去分词。Step 3.练习

巩固训练。以幻灯片展示相关事态的被动语态的练习，学生自主操练，巩固语法结构。用动词的正确语态填空。

1.The students _____ often _____(tell)to take care of their desks and chairs.2.That play ________(put)on again sometime next month.3.The old man is ill.He ______(must send)to the hospital.5.The cake _____________(taste)delicious.6.Some flowers __________(water)by Li Ming already.7.These kinds of machines __________(make)in Japan.8.The cinema ______(build)in 1985.Step 4.Summary小结：总结本节课所学内容，强调本节课的重难点。Step5.Homework Extra exercise.

第五篇：初中英语被动语态和定语从句的用法详解

初中英语被动语态的用法详解

一、被动语态的结构

主动语态(The Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态(The Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者

一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 一般将来时：shall /will be +过去分词 现在完成时：have /has been +过去分词 现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词.过去将来时：should /would be +过去分词.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+过去分词.二、被动语态的用法

1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态。

2)当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。

3)如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

三、主动语态变为被动语态的情况 1)主语+谓语动词+宾语

将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(主动)We bought a book yesterday.(被动)The book was bought yesterday.2)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。如果直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to / for。

(主动)He showed me a book yesterday.(被动)I was showed a book yesterday.(被动)The book was showed to me yesterday.3)主语+谓语动词+复合宾语

含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语。

(主动)I found him a good pupil.(宾语补足语)(被动)He was found a good pupil.(主语补足语)

4)短语动词变为被动语态

有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后可以接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态，但短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。

(主动)We should look after the patients very well.(被动)The patients should be looked after very well by us.5)宾语从句变为被动语态

若主动语态中是宾语从句，变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。It’s said that he passed the exam.6)被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题：

(1)不及物动词带介词和介词宾语，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。

(主动)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.(被动)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)当动词带有复合宾语时，并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。使役动词make have let，感官动词see watch notice hear feel等。

(主动)They make do all the work.(被动)We were made to do all the work.(主动)We often hear her sing English songs.(被动)She is often heard to sing English songs.(主动)I see him walk to school.(被动)He is seen to walk to school.初中英语定语从句的用法详解

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况:

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。

例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。

例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。