2018年考研英语被动语态翻译技巧总结

第一篇：2018年考研英语被动语态翻译技巧总结

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2018年考研英语被动语态翻译技巧总结

被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多，在英语中极为重要。考研中常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时，多用被动语态。

主动和被动语态的对比：

翻译时有以下几种翻译方法：

①译成汉语被动句：使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为„„所”等词。

②增加主语，即动作的实际发出者，或虚拟发出者。

③译成汉语无主句

另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法，需要平时积累，比如：

It is hoped that...希望„„，有人希望„„

It is assumed that...假设„„，假定„„

It is claimed that...据说„„，有人主张„„

It is believed that...有人想信„„，大家相信„„

It is reported that...据报道„„，据通报„„

It is considered that...人们认为„„，据估计„„

It is said that...据说„„，有人说„„

【真题例句】

It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.【解析】

It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.主句：it is imagined，其中it为形式主语，而that引导的that the operations...compared with these processes和that they have to...special training是并列的主语从句，为真正的主语。原文中有三个被动语态is imagined，be compared和be required，译成汉语都变成了主动表达：“认为”、“相比”和“掌握”。具体为：

（1）It is imagined by many此处是“It+被动语态+that”形式的处理，译为“很多人认为”。

（2）that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,此处所用的是译成汉语主动句的处理方法，并保存原文主语译为“普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程（科学家的思维过程）相比”。

（3）and that they have to be required by a sort of special training此处所

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

用的是译成汉语被动句的处理方法，译为“认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握”。

【参考译文】

许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程（科学家的思维过程）相比，认为这些思维过程是必须由某种专门训练才能掌握。综上就是小编给大家提供的高分技巧，技巧就是牢固的知识点和强悍的答题思路，预祝所有考生2018考研有个好成绩。

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第二篇：英语被动语态总结

英语被动语态总结与练习

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1)am/is/are +done(过去分词)一般现在时

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 现在完成时

All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时

A new cinema is being built here．

4)was/were done 一般过去时

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 过去完成时

By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时

A meeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done 一般将来时

Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)should/would be done 过去将来时

The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）

The project will have been completed before July.10)should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）

He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。

I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被动语态

学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省 by 短语)。

My bike was stolen last night.2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3.为了更好地安排句子。

The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）

三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：

It is said that… 据说……It is reported that…据报道……It is believed that…大家相信……It is hoped that…大家希望…… It is well known that…众所周知……It is thought that…大家认为……It is suggested that…据建议……

It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ 3.系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1.在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）

3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)

试比较：

I’ll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out.（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5.在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.6.在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）7.在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

Who is to blame for starting the fire?

六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。

1.“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。

The building is under construction(is being constructed).2.“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief(令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope． 我们的成功始料不及。

The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．

3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、高于……”。

His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．

4.“for+名 词”结构，表示 “适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。

That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold).5.“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。

The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)（）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.A are held

B were held

C．are holding

D．will ho1d（）2.In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _

_to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．

A． is giving

B is given

C will give

D has given（）3.Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular.It _________in.many schools around the world.A.teaches

B.is teaching

C.has taught

D.is taught（）4.Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as “People's Writer”.A.is regarded

B.has regarded

C.is regarding

D.regards（）5.Usually computers _________to search the Internet.A.use

B.are using

C.are used

D.used（）6.--Do you often clean your classroom?

--Yes.Our classroom __________every day.A.clean

B.cleans

C.is cleaned（）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?

一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．

A． polluted

B was polluted

C has polluted

D．was po11ute（）8.--Our environment is getting worse than before.--You're right.But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A.is started

B.was started

C.has started（）9.---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host.---Congratulations!A.choose

B.am chosen

C.was chosen

D.haven chosen（）10.Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden．

A．plant

B．planted

C．have planted

D．were planted（）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.A.will show

B.were shown

C.is shown

D.will be shown（）12.A talk on developments in science and technology

in the school hall next week.A.given

B.will be given

C.has been given

D.gives（）13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.---Right.Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.A.turned up B.put up

C.shown up

D.fixed up（）14.Twelve-year-olds should not

to drive in China.A.allow

B.be allow

C.allowed

D.be allowed（）15.—Do you often clean your classroom?

—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.Cleaned 课后练习

（）1．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.A.don’t tell

B.didn’t tell

C.haven’t told

D.wasn’t told

（）2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.A.pull down

B.will be pulled down C.will pull down D.are pulled down（）3．---My watch ______.---Don’t worry.Let’s go to the Lost & Found.A.is lost

B.is broken

C.has found

D.has stopped（）4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?

---No, I___________.A.am not invited

B.wasn’t invited

C.haven’t invited

D.didn’t invite（）5．--How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?--Once a year.A.does;hold

B.was;hold

C.is;held

D.did;hold（）6．On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty(明朝)_______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.A.sell

B.sold

C.is sold

D.was sold

（）7．The “Thousand-hand Guanyin” ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.A.has been regarded

B.are regarded

C.has regarded

D.regards（）8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.A.painted

B.were painting

C.were painted

D.had painted（）9．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish

into the dustbin.”

---Sorry.A, has throw

B, was throw

C, must throw

D, must be thrown（）10．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008． A．will hold

B will be held

C．hold（）11.The girl was often heard

happily in her room.A.sing

B.to sing

C.singing

D.sings（）12.It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.A.will be built

B.was built

C.has built

D.will build（）13.It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.A.will be built

B.was built

C.has built

D.will build（）14.The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.A.is taken

B.was taken

C.takes

D.took（）15.--It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.--I think a bridge _________ over the river.A.was built

B.is being built

C.has been built

D.should be built（）16.--David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.--But it ________ off already!The music is from the radio.A.so that, has been turned

B.when, has turned

C.if, has been turned

D.because, has turned（）17.Usually John

to school in his father’s beautiful car.A.has taken

B.is taking

C.is taken

D.has been taken（）18.Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow.I mean, today’s work _________ today.A.may do

B.must do

C.may be done

D.must be done（）19.--Look, what an old palace!It looks so great!--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.A.was building

B.was built C.has built D.is built（）20.Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.A.ask

B.are asked

C.will ask

D.will be asked 把下列句子改写成被动语态

1.They make machines in that factory.__________________________________ 2.Every body likes this song.__________________________________ 3.He doesn't show the stamps to me.__________________________________ 4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan._____________________________ 5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._______________________________ 6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________ 7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________

8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________ 9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do? _________________________

10.How many desks do they buy every term? __________________________________ 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词

1.We can finish the work in two days.→ The work __________ _________ __________ in two days.2.They produce silk in Suzhou.→ Silk _________ ________ in Suzhou.3.The children will sing an English song.→ An English song ________ __________ ________ by the children.4.You needn't do it now.→It ________ __________ _________ by you now.5.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.→A New Year Card ________ ________ ________ her by me last week.6.Peole use metal for making machines.→ Metal ________ _________ for making machines.7.He made me do that for him.→I ________ _________ _________ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library.→ This book _______ _________ ________ to the library.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? →________ a bridge ________ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school.→ An English play ________ _______ _______ on in our school.11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets.→Colour TV sets ________ ______ ______ more and more farmers.12.My brother often mends his watch.→ His watch _________ _________ _________ by my brother.13.We must water the flowers every day.→The flowers must ________ ________(by us)every day.14.They use knives for cutting things.→ Knives ________ _______ for cutting things.15.He made the farmers work for a long time.→The farmers ________ _______ _______ ______ for a long time.16.Did he break the window yesterday? →_________ the window _______ _______ ________ yesterday? 17.They have sold out the light green dresses.→ The light green dresses ________ _______ ______ out.18.We clean the classroom every day.→The classroom _________ ________ every day.19.You must not plant trees in very dry earth.→ Trees ______ ______ _______ ______ in very dry earth.20.You can dig a hole in the earth.→A Hole _________ _________ __________

in the earth.用动词的正确语态填空

1.The students ____________ often ____________(tell)to take care of their desks and chairs.2.That play _______________(put)on again sometime next month.3.The old man is ill.He ______________(must send)to the hospital.4.Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________(sell)in this shop.5.---What __________ a knife ____________(make)of?---It _______________(make)of metal and wood.6.A Piano concert _____________(give)here last Friday.7.____________ the magazine ____________(can take)out of the library? 8.The room _____________(clean)by me every day.9.The stars _____________(can see)in the daytime.10.Some flowers __________(water)by Li Ming already.11.These kinds of machines __________(make)in Japan.12.Apples _________ ________(grow)in this farm.13.Russian ___________ _______________(learn)as the second language by some students in China.14.Planes, cars and trains _____________ ____________(use)by business people for travelling.15.The cinema ______________ ____________(build)in 1985.16.The bike ___________ ____________ ___________ ____________(must not put)here.17.A beautiful horse ____________ ____________ ___________(draw)by John next day.18.This kind of machine _______________ _____________(can made)by uncle Wang.19.Mr.Green ____________ ____________(open)two new school.20.The PLA ____________ ____________(found)on August 1st,1927.

第三篇：2018年考研翻译硕士英语备考技巧

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

2018年考研翻译硕士英语备考技巧

下面是翻译硕士学习英语18黄金法则，这不仅能提高你的英语语言能力，更有助于提高你对其他科目学习的认知水平，废话不多说了，快来看看吧。

1.What is language for? Some people seem to think it is for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--the longer the words the better.That’s wrong.Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication.语言到底是用来干什么的呢?一些人认为它是用来操练语法规则和学习一大堆单词——而且单词越长越好。这个想法是错误的。语言是用来交换思想，进行交流沟通的!

2.The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible.学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。

3.A great man once said it is necessary to dill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become.一位伟人曾说，反复操练是非常必要的，你越多的将所学到的东西运用到实际生活中，他们就变的越自然。

4.Listening and imitating should always go together.Use the LIP method!Listen-Imitate-Practice!

听和模仿一定要同时做，使用“LIP”方法：听、模仿、操练!

5.Use all your senses to learn English.You must hear English, read English, touch English, smell English, and taste

English.Feel English with your heart.Immerse yourself in this language.Begin to think in English.运用一切感官学习英语。你必须听英语、说英语、触摸英语、闻英语，还要尝尝英语的味道。用心去感受英语。让自己沉浸在这门语言当中。学会用英语思考。

6.Relax!Be patient and enjoy yourself.Learning foreign languages is just a piece of cake.

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

放轻松!要有耐心，并且享受英语带来的乐趣!学习外语只不过是小菜一碟。

7.Rome wasn’t built in a day.Work harder and practice more.Your hardworking will be rewarded by God one day.God is equal to everyone!

冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的学习，更加勤奋的操练，你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答，上帝是公平的。

8.Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly.Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time.When you see a new word, look it up.Think about the word--use it.in your mind, in a sentence.经常使用字典和语法指南。随身携带一本小英文字典，当你看到一个新字时就去查阅它，思考这个字——然后学着去用它，在你的心中，在一个句子里。

9.Try to think in English whenever possible.When you see something, think of the English word of it;

then think about the word in a sentence.一有机会就努力去用英文来思考。看到某事时，想想它的英文单词;然后把它用到一个句子中去。

10.Practice tenses as much as possible.When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms.A thousand words will not leave so an deep impression as one deed.尽可能多的操练时态。学习一个动词的时候，要学习它的各种形态。千言万语不如一个行动

11.I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language.When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language.我想学习和了解更多关于语言背后的文化知识，当你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地运用语言。

12.Keep an English journal.Try to write a few sentences about your day and then blurt them out as many times as

possible before you go to sleep.This will teach you to “think” in English.This habit will also 2页共2页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

help you live a move organized and fruitful life.Besides, you will score higher on your composition exams!

坚持写英语日记。写几个句子描述一下你的一天，然后在睡觉前尽可能多地大声操练。这个方法可以教会你用英语“思考”。这个习惯还可以帮助你生活得更有条理、更有成效。此外，考试时作文你也可以拿更高的分!

13.Choose materials that interest you!Reading about things that you like will naturally make learning more enjoyable

and efficient.Everything is easier if you enjoy doing it!

选择让你感兴趣的资料!阅读你喜欢的东西自然会使学习变得更愉快、更有效。你喜欢做，事情就会更容易!

14.Make your friends proud by teaching them some English sentences.You can become an excellent teacher through

tutoring your friends.Teaching is a great way to learn!Also remember, learning English can make people happier, feel younger and live longer!

教你的朋友们英语，让他们感到骄傲。教朋友的过程中你会成为一名出色的老师。教学是学习的极好途径!别忘了，英语学习会让人更快乐、更年轻、活得更长久!

15.Don’t be afraid to ask for help.The more times you ask for help, the more powerful your English will become.Never hesitate to ask!Learn as much as you can from as many different people as you can!An eager student will always find a teacher!

不要害怕寻求帮助。你请求别入帮越多的忙，你的英语就会越厉害。不要犹豫，尽管发问!尽可能从不同的人身上学到更多的东西!求知欲强的学生总是会找到老师!

16.Keep English constantly in your mind by listening, speaking of reading every day!Constant exposure will make it

much easier to master this language.If you review only once a week, you will have a hard time remembering what you’ve learned.每天听，每天说，每天读，让英语时刻留在你脑中!持续的接触会让你更容易掌握这门语言。如果你只是一个星期复习一回，要记住你学的东西就太难了。

17.Keep a positive attitude about English.If you think of English as a burden, it will be one!3页共3页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

If you think of English as

fun and exciting, you will practice more often and make progress more quickly!

学英语要有积极的态度。如果你认为英语是个负担，它就是个负担!如果你认为英语有趣又刺激，你就会更经常地练习，进步得更快!

18.Learning any language takes a lot of effort, but never give up.We will hew out of the mountain of despair a stone

of hope!

世上没有什么难事，只是看你做还是不做，不管其他如果你能吧翻译硕士英语18黄金法则牢记心中，那么英语对于你来说就是

第四篇：考研英语主要从句四大翻译技巧

名师辅导：考研英语主要从句四大翻译技巧

大多数翻译理论都认为，翻译是一个原文意思的再现过程。这个过程可以分为两个部分。一是原文的理解过程。二是目的语的组织过程。可见，翻译的准确实现首先取决于原文的理解。而译文的通顺表达则取决于对目的语的运用技能。考研英语翻译的特点是句子结构较为复杂，准确理解句子结构，以及把这些结构之间的逻辑语义再重现出来，成为考研英语翻译非常重要的部分。要把原文的逻辑语义真实再现，我们要注意积累几大英语结构的理解和翻译方法。下面，万学海文英语考研辅导老师们就为2012年考研的同学们总结出英语中名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、被动句以及否定结构的翻译方法。

一、名词性从句的翻译方法

名词在句子中的成分有可能是：主语、宾语、表语、以及同位语。相应地，名词性从句有四类：主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句和表语从句。这四类名词性从句翻译过程中一般都遵循一个原则，如果翻译成汉语句子比较简单，不会造成主句的失衡现象，就可以翻译成从句本来应该承担的成分,进行顺译;但是，如果从句结构较为复杂，而主句较为简单，则适宜把从句单独成句翻译，主句中使用代词指代这个从句。下面我们来具体看一下翻译方法：

1、主语从句：

构成主语从句的方式有下列两种：

(1)关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其他成分。

它们一般是译在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。这样的词有关联词what，which，how，why，where，who，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever及从属连词that，whether，if.如：

例题1：What he told me was only half-truth.分 析：其中关联词可译“…的”，放在后面。

参考译文：他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。

例题2：Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.分 析：whether可以译成“是否，是…还是”，然后适当安排位置。

参考译文：一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时使生物学家颇伤脑筋。

(2)it+谓语+that(whether)引导的从句。

如果先译主句，可以顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句。如果先译从句，便可以在主句前加译“这”。如：

例题3：It can be seen that precleaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to levels anywhere near the standards.分 析：这样的句子可以译成无人称句，常用来表示事实，常理等。

参考译文：可以看出，这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗选将不能降低到完全接近标准规定的水平。

例题4：It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.分 析：有时为了使译文成分完整，可以补充上泛指的主语(如人们…、大家…)。类似的结构还有：it is(universally)known that…大家都知道…it is believed that…人们都相信…。

参考译文：物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。

2、表语从句：

(1)表语从句是位于主句的联系动词后面、充当主句主语的表语的从句，它也是由that，what，why，how，when，where，whether等连词和关联词引导的。一般来讲，可以先译主句，后译从句。如：

例题5：The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.分 析：先译后面的主句，后译前面的从句。

参考译文：蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。

(2)几种常见句型，以下逐一介绍它们的译法。

★在that(this)is why…句型中，如果选择先译主句，后译从句，可以译成这就是为什么…，这就是为什么…的原因，这就是…的缘故等。如果选择先译从句，再译主句，一般可以译为…原因就在这里，…理由就在这里等。如：

例题6：That is why practice is the criterion of truth and why the standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge。

分 析：原句表语很长，所以此处采用了紧缩原则。

参考译文：所谓实践是真理的标准，所谓实践的标准，应该是认识论的首先的和基本的观点，理由就在这个地方。

★在this(it)is because…句型中，一般先译主句，再译从句，译成是因为…，这是因为…的缘故，这是由于…的缘故。如：

例题7：This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one direction.参考译文：这是由于直流电在导线中总沿着一个方向流动的缘故。

★在this is what…句型中，如果先译主句，后译从句，通常译为这就是…的内容，这就是…的含意等。如果先译从句，后译主句，通常译为…就是这个道理，…就是这个意思等。如：

例题8：This is what we have discussed in this article.分 析：如表语不长，则可译成这就是…的内容等。

参考译文：这就是我们在本文中所讨论的内容。

3、宾语从句

(1)用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。

I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。

Can you hear what I say?

你听得到我所讲的吗?

I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游过了那条河。

I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的。

He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。

有时可加“说”字，再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容。

Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答说，他感到遗憾。

He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。

(2)用it 作形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以不用翻译。

I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。(it没有翻译)

I heard it said that he had gone abroad.听说他已经出国了。(it没有翻译)

但有时候，也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻译。

I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被选参加会议，感到光荣。(it没有翻译)

We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。(it翻译为“这”)

4、同位语从句

同位语从句主要是用来对名词作进一步的解释，说明名词的具体内容。能接同位语从句的名词主要有：belief(相信)，fact(事实)，hope(希望)，idea(想法，观点)，doubt(怀疑)，news(新闻，消息)，rumor(传闻)，conclusion(结论)，evidence(证据)，suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，order(命令)，answer(回答)，decision(决定)，discovery(发现)，explanation(解释)，information(消息)，knowledge(知识)，law(法律)，opinion(意见，观点)，truth(真理，事实)，promise(承诺)，report(报告)，thought(思想)，statement(声明)，rule(规定)，possibility(可能)等。

(1)一般来说，同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。

He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再到中国来访问。

There is a possibility that he is a spy.有可能他是一个间谍。

(2)有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下，同位语从句都是比较简单。

We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实。

The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。

(3)增加“即”(或者“以为”)这样的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。

But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实，即从实用的观点来看，他们今天仍是不合理的。

We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准。

Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可以把这种废物变成塑料。

二、形容词性从句(定语从句)的翻译方法

1.前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。

He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet。

没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。

Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore。

太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。

His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence。

他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。

2.后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。

(1)重复先行词。

I told the story to John, who told it to his brother。

他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。

We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged。

在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。

You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect。

你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。

Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area。

他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。

(2)省略先行词。

ceived the letter that announced the death of your uncle。

是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased。

他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。

3.融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you。

楼下有人要见你。

In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention。

在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。

We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity。

我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志

She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere。

她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎

4.状译法

(1)译成表示“时间”的分句

A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded。

司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。

(2)译成表示“原因”的分句

He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs.Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable。

他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。

(3)译成表示“条件”的分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families。

人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。

(4)译成表示“让步”的分句

He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for

尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。

(5)译成表示“目的”的分句

He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter。

为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。

He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument。

为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。

(6)译成表示“结果”的分句

They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country。

他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。

(7译成表示“转折”的分句

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。

她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。

三、副词性从句(状语从句)的译法

英语中状语从句体现了从句和主句之间的逻辑关系，它具体可以分为9种：时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、结果、目的、比较和方式状语。其中，状语从句的翻译方法，总的来说遵循三点主要原则：

①连词能省则省，只要能把意思说清楚，尽量不使用连词。

②如果条件或让步状语从句在整句中语气较弱，可以把主句译在前面，从句译在后面。

③状语从句的位置可以灵活变动，以便使译文更流畅。

④种类的判断主要依赖于连词语义的判断。

下面，我们就通过几个例子分析一下状语从句在考试中出现的形式。

1.While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。

本句中包含一个While引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句;从句中，formal learning是主语，谓语是is transmitted，过去分词selected作teachers的后置定语，是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语;主句中，informal learning是主语，谓语是is acquired，介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。

参考译文：尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的，非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。

2.While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is。

该句可拆分为三大部分;(White it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict,)(it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable,)(although competition is.)，第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句，第三部分是although引导的让步状语从句;第一部分的主语是山指代后面的that从句，实际上，While it is true that已形成固定结构，参见知识链接，that从句的主语是this competition，谓语是may induce，宾语是efforts，不定式to expand territory作efforts的后置定语，at the expense of others作expand的状语;and之后的lead to是谓语，与前面的induce并列，conflict是宾语;主句中的主语是it,指代后面的that从句，该从句的主语是conflict，谓语动词是is，表语是inevitable，复合形容词war-like作conflict的定语，among other nations作conflict的后置定语;第三部分although从句的主语是competition，谓语是is，表语是inevitable，承前省略了。该句的第二部分，即主句运用了被动语态，在翻译时要译为汉语的主动语态，这是常用的一条原则，因为英文多被动，汉语多主动。

参考译文：虽然这种竞争会引发以他人利益为代价的领土扩张行动，因此也会引发冲突，但却不能认为类似于战争的国家间的冲突不可避免，尽管竞争是不可避免的。

3.While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case。

该句可拆分为两部分：(While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed,)(this need not always be the case.)，第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句;从句中，it是形式主语，指代后面的that从句，While it is true that已形成固定结构，参见知识链接，that从句主语是the Internet，谓语是seems，不定式to be。作表语，介词短语over the less developed作favoring的状语;主句比较简单，主语是this，指代从句内容，谓语是need not always be，表语是the case。

参考译文： 尽管迄今为止互联网似乎更加青睐国际社会中的发达领域，而非不太发达的领域，情形并不总是如此。

4.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive，however lucky and robust we are。

该句分为两部分：(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,)(however lucky and robust we are。)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句;主句中on...alive是介词短语，作limit的后置定语，how引导的从句是介词on的宾语，该从句的主语是we，谓语是can hope to remain，表语是alive;让步状语从句的主语是we，谓语是are，表语是lucky and robust。这句话翻译时也要将从句提前，然后再译主句。

参考译文：不管我们多么幸运，多么健壮，我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。

5.While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon。

该句可拆分为两部分：(While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization,)(its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon.)，第一部分是以While引导的让步状语从句，第二部分是主句;从句中，主语是the roots，谓语是lie in，of social psychology是roots的后置定语，the intellectual...western civilization是介词in的宾语，of the whole western civilization是soil 的后置定语;主句的主语是its present flowering，其中的its指代前面的roots，谓语是is recognized，不定式to be...an American phenomenon作主语flowering的补足语。

2001年英译汉试题： 75.And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.词的处理：

home appliance 家用电器;result in 导致;psychological disorder 心理混乱;kitchen rage 厨房狂躁症

完整译文：家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病—厨房狂躁症。

2004年英译汉试题： 63.The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.完整译文：这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造材料。

1998年英译汉试题： 75.Odd though it sounds, cosmic infaltion is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.词的处理：

cosmic infaltion 宇宙膨胀说;scientifically plausible consequence 科学上可信的推论;elementary particle physics 基本粒子物理学

完整译文：宇宙膨胀理论虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直以为这一论述是正确的。

四、翻译中的“否定”处理

否定是英汉两种语言都具有的一种语法现象，但两者在表达否定意义的方式和手段上有很大的差异。英语中的否定形式很多，常见的有：(1)全部否定;(2)部分否定;(3)双重否定;(4)形式上肯定，实际上否定;(5)形式上否定，实际上肯定;(6)否定转移;(7)排除否定;(8)固定句型结构;等等。英译汉时，对于英语中的否定结构，要从否定词本身的意义、否定词的否定范围、具体的语境等方面予以综合考虑，否则可能造成误解和句意翻译的错误。此外，对于某些否定结构，还可以使用正义反译或反义正译的方法予以处理。

【例1】 Nor, as things are, could the actual study of science easily be separated from technology, on which it has come to depend rather intimately for materials and apparatus.(全部否定)

【译文】就目前的情况来看，很难把实际的科学研究和技术分开，因为科学已经非常依赖技术来获得材料和仪器。

【分析】本句是全部否定。Nor, neither, never等词由于句首要倒装，且表示对全句的全部否定，翻译时将否定移回原位。本句中主句是被动语态，译成主动语态;定语从句很长，而且与原句具有某种因果关系，所以单独翻译;depend on的on被提前。

【例2】 Not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates.(部分否定)

【译文】并不是所有进入叶子的二氧化碳都化合为碳水化合物。

【分析】本句是部分否定句。英语中，有些句型，比如：all...not, not all, every...not, not every, both...not等，都是表示部分否定，可以翻译成“并不都......”。但是，需要注意no, none, neither, nor引导的是全部否定。例如：No two people think alike.(没有两个人的想法是一样的。)

【例3】 Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized.(双重否定)

【译文】它的意义和重要性，不管无论如何强调，都不算过分。

【分析】本句是双重否定句。英语中，两个表示否定意义的词用在同一句话中，实际上整句话表肯定。此外，还有一些固定的句型，比如cannot / hardly / scarcely...enough / too / over+动词(无论怎么......也不过分......)，only too...to(非常)，cannot but(不会不，一定会)等表示肯定。比如：We are only too willing to do it for you.(我们非常愿意为你做这件事。)

【例4】Time is what we want most, but what many use worst.(形肯实否)

【译文】我们最缺少时间，但偏偏许多人最不善于利用时间。

【例5】 He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.(形否实肯)

【译文】他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。

【例6】 Don't scamp your work because you are pressed for time.(否定转移)

【译文】不要因为时间紧张就敷衍塞责。

【分析】否定转移是指形式上看起来是否定某个词语或主句，但实际上是否定另外的词语或从句。最常见的是“主语 + don't think + 从句(否定从句)”，“not...because / because of...(否定because / because of)”等。对于否定转移，翻译时要把否定转回原位。本句中，not否定的是because从句，所以翻译时要把not还原到because从句上。

【例7】 As they expected to be away from the steamer only a few hours, they took enough food for one meal only and no extra clothing beyond what they stood up in.(排除否定)

【译文】因为他们估计离开轮船只有几个小时，所以只带了一顿饭的食物和身上穿的衣服/所以只带了一顿饭的食物，除了身上穿的之外，没有多带衣服。

【分析】本句是排除否定。所谓排除否定，就是指该句中有一部分是否定，有一部分是肯定。通常地，会用一些介词或连词等来排除掉其所引导或连接的部分。常见的引导词有：beyond(除了)、other than(除了)、except(除了)、nothing more than(仅仅)等。该句中是用beyond引导的排除否定，排除掉其后的what they stood up in;由于本句前面有no,也可以看成是no和beyond的双重否定表肯定。

第五篇：2018年考研英语二翻译题型答题技巧

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

2018年考研英语二翻译题型答题技巧

大家对于英语翻译是不是还头疼呢，是不是还是面对大段的汉语而无从下手呢，下面我来告诉大家考研英语二翻译技巧帮大家渡过难关。

英译汉就是运用汉语把英语所表达的内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的过程或结果。

在翻译过程中，值得注意的是：一在翻译需要表达的是句子或文章的内容，而不是结构;二翻译过程中，不是将两种语言的结构进行简单的转换。翻译的过程一般分为阅读理解、汉语表达和审校润色三个阶段。常见的方法有：

一、词类转译法由于英语和汉语是两中悬殊甚大的不同的语言体系，所以在语言结构与表达方式上都存在很大的差异，这就要求我们对原文中的一些词语的词性进行转化(如：动词转化为名词，形容词转化为名词等)，才能使译文畅通。例如：The modern world is experiencing rapid development of science and technology.当今世界的科学技术正在迅速地发展。[分析]将句中的形容词rapid转译为汉语中的副词。

二、增补法有些英语字句如果照字面的意思翻译，意念是不完整的，必须根据意义、修辞或句法的需要增补一些汉语，才能更加忠实于原文，使原文的思想更完整地再现。例如：We need clean air，but unfortunately，air pollution is generally present，especially in cities.我们需要清新的空气，但遗憾的是，空气污染普遍存在在城市中尤其如此。

分析：本句为了避免“尤其是在城市里”的表达不完整，增加了“如此”。

三、省译法由于英语和汉语在用词和语法结构上的差异，原文中的某些词如果直译出来会使译文显得累赘，不符合汉语的表达习惯。在这种情况下，就要省略一些冠词、代词、介词或连词等省去不译，但是不能影响原文的意义表达。例如：There was no snow，the leaves were gone from the trees，the grass was dead.天未下雪，但叶落草枯。[分析]在汉语中“叶落”的概念非常清楚，所以省译了from the trees。

四、顺译法也就是说按照英语表达的层次顺序，依次翻译英语句子，从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。例如：He could see that she had been patient all her life，so that now，after years of it，her lips were set in a gentle and saintly smile.他看得出，她一生含辛茹苦，如今苦尽甘来，嘴边总是带着温柔、圣洁的微笑。[分析]英语句子的顺序，从意思上讲，与汉语句子的顺序是一致的。

五、逆译法也就是对于句子结构复杂的英语句子，可以先翻译全句的后部在依次向前逆序翻译前面的句子。例如：It is our task to build up a nuclear power station somewhere by the

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

end of

this year.我们的任务是于今年年底在某地建成一座原子能发电站。

[分析]翻译英语里面的一系列状语时，必须按照时间状语、地点状语和方式状语的顺序汉语习惯表达习惯来组织语句。

六、分译法也就是采取化整为零的方法将整个英语长句翻译为几个独立的句子，顺序基本不变，前后保持连贯。例如：At the meeting decision was made to transfer a part of the students to another school.会议上作出一项决定，把一部分学生转到另一所学校去。

[分析]本句的主语的后置定语比较长，而谓语很短，为了使句子结构匀称，避免头重脚轻的现象，就把后面的不定式与主句分开翻译了。

七、综合法也就是说翻译时经过仔细推敲，或按照时间先后，或按照逻辑顺序，有顺有逆、有主有次地对全句进行综合处理，英语和汉语的字面意思不完全对应，但是内涵是相同的。例如：One can perhaps get a clearer picture of Japan’s acute population pressure by imagining what Switzerland would be like if that small and mountainous country were inhabited by 28 million people instead of the 5.7 million at present.只要设想一下，假若那小小的瑞士居住的人口不是现在的五百七十万，而是两千八百万，瑞士会是什么情景，人民便会清楚地理解日本所面临的人口压力是多么大。

[分析]原文的重点在于One can„population pressure，按照汉语习惯，应该先叙事，后总结，所以翻译时从中间by imagining„入手，最后回到句首，译出One can„。而且汉语句子的意思也有“意译”的成分。

以上就是我为大家讲的考研英语二翻译技巧的相关内容，希望对于翻译头疼的同学们能够好好掌握，甩掉这个包袱。

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