第一篇:2018届高三英语总复习第一部分回归教材Unit1Greatscientists5!
Unit 1 Great scientists Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·河南省鹤壁市高级中学周练)Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets(彗星)which other scientists had made.The orbit(轨道)of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形).
Now Halley set to work.He figured out(解决,计算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley.Three different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea!Halley felt certain to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future.He decided that this would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before.Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet, in his honor.1.Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________.A.some different comets appearing several times B.the same comet appearing at different times C.three different comets appearing at the same time D.several comets appearing at the same time 2.Halley made his discovery ________.A.by doing experiments B.by means of his own careful observation C.by using the working of other scientists D.by chance 3.Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year ________.A.1704 C.1706 B.1705 D.1707 4.This passage in general is about ________.A.Halley and other scientists B.the orbit of a comet C.Newton and Halley D.Halley and his discovery
答案与解析
文章介绍了哈雷和他的发现哈雷彗星,以及发现验证哈雷彗星的过程。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章的第四段“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times”及上文提到的看彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可判断正确答案为B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。故选C。
3.B 推理计算题。文中第五段的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们:他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。故选B。
4.D 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现哈雷彗星。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·福建省莆田市第二十五中学月考)I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply.It seems that everywhere I go, I have to__1__ my identity and trustworthiness—whether it's a bank, shop or any office.I have been accustomed to living by the __2__ that no one is trustworthy __3__ proved otherwise.Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally __4__ rule.I was walking along a busy intersection when I __5__ a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing setting up a stall(货摊).__6__I would ignore and hurry past such sellers.But I noticed this young man was__7__,so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his __8__.Soon, a young mother with a little boy came by and the child set his__9__ on one of teddy bears.The mother asked the __10__and it was only one dollar.She pulled out a 10 dollar note and told the young man that she was giving him 10 dollars and wanted the __11__back.I was __12__ to know how he was going to do it.He told the mom to put the __13__ in the pouch(袋子)hanging around his neck and take out whatever change he__14__ her.I realized that this young man's whole mode of earning __15__ on trusting people not to cheat him.There was no __16__ for him to know if someone took out more out of his pouch of earning.I was so __17__ by how this young man trusted people that I bought a car model from him.I did not need it, __18__.I just hoped to help a little.Now I __19__ believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to __20__ others more, like the young blind street seller of toys.1.A.introduce B.present C.prove D.request 2.A.rule B.habit C.practice D.law 3.A.if B.since C.although D.unless 4.A.similar B.different C.special D.common 5.A.approached
B.noticed C.watched D.looked 6.A.Actually B.Normally C.Informally D.Casually 7.A.blind B.handsome C.disabled D.strange 8.A.clothes B.bears C.toys D.pouches 9.A.mind B.interest C.heart D.attraction 10.A.price B.stall C.toy D.help 11.A.money B.charge C.change D.note 12.A.anxious B.surprised C.pleased D.curious 13.A.hand B.money C.teddy bear D.necklace 14.A.gave B.owed C.owned D.showed 15.A.depended B.settled C.decided D.focused 16.A.problem B.point C.way D.doubt 17.A.attracted B.shocked C.excited D.touched 18.A.either B.instead C.moreover D.though 19.A.firmly B.tightly C.unwillingly D.negatively 20.A.take in B.turn to C.help out D.believe in
答案与解析
本文作者通过自己的经历告知我们,如果我们能够彼此信任,这个世界将会是一个更美好的地方。
1.C 根据上文“I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply.”可知,作者觉得社会上缺少信任,似乎无论去哪里,不管是银行、商店还是办公室都必须证明自己的身份。A.introduce“介绍”;B.present“呈现”;C.prove“证明”;D.request“请求”。故选C。
2.A 根据下文“Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally ________rule.”可知,作者认为我们都习惯了按照规则生活。A.rule“规则”;B.habit“习惯”;C.practice“惯例”;D.law“法律”。故选A。
3.D 根据上文“I have to ________my identity and trustworthiness—whether it's a bank, shop or any office.”可知,除非被证明,没有人是可信赖的。A.if“如果”;B.since“自从……以来”;C.although“尽管”;D.unless“除非”。故选D。
4.B 根据下文的讲述可知,这位盲人依据的规则完全不同于作者认为的社会缺乏信任,他完全靠对人的信任让顾客自己找零钱。A.similar“相似的”;B.different“不同的”;C.special“特殊的”;D.common“共同的”。故选B。
5.B 根据语境可知,当作者走过一个繁忙的十字路口的时候,注意到一个年轻人在路边摆摊。A.approached“接近”;B.noticed“注意”;C.watched“观看”;D.looked“看”。故选B。
6.B 根据下文“But I noticed this young man was ________,so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his ________.”可知,正常情况下,作者会忽视掉这些卖东西的人匆忙走过,但是那天他看到是一个盲人在摆摊,于是他停了下来想看看他怎么卖东西。A.Actually“实际上”;B.Normally“正常地;通常地”;C.Informally“非正式地”;D.Casually“随便地”。故选B。
7.A 根据文章最后提到的“like the young blind street seller of toys”可知,这是一个盲人在卖东西。A.blind“盲的;瞎的”;B.handsome“英俊的”;C.disabled“残疾的”;D.strange“奇怪的”。故选A。
8.C 根据下文提到的“one of teddy bears”和最后提到的“like the young blind street seller of toys”可知,这个盲人是卖玩具的。A.clothes“衣服”;B.bears“熊”;C.toys“玩具”;D.pouches“育儿袋”。故选C。
9.C 根据下文“The mother asked the ________and it was only one dollar.”可知,这个孩子想要这个玩具熊。A.mind“想法”;B.interest“兴趣”;C.heart“内心”;D.attraction“吸引”。set one's heart on something“一心想要某物”。故选C。
10.A 根据下文“it was only one dollar”可知,妈妈在询问玩具的价格。A.price“价格”;B.stall“货摊”;C.toy“玩具”;D.help“帮助”。故选A。
11.C 根据上下文可知,玩具的价格是一美元,妈妈给了10美元,因此想要找回零钱。A.money“钱”;B.charge“费用”;C.change“零钱”;D.note“钞票”。故选C。
12.D 根据上文可知,这个人是一个盲人,因此作者很好奇他怎么收钱找零钱。A.anxious“焦虑的”;B.surprised“惊奇的”;C.pleased“高兴的”;D.curious“好奇的”。故选D。
13.B 根据上文可知,这个盲人要找给这位妈妈零钱,因此他告诉这位妈妈把钱放进挂在他脖子上的袋子里,然后拿出欠她的零钱。A.hand“手”;B.money“钱”;C.teddy bear“泰迪熊”;D.necklace“项链”。故选B。
14.B 根据上文可知,这个盲人要这位妈妈把钱放进他挂在脖子上的袋子里,然后拿走欠她的零钱。A.gave“给”;B.owed“欠”;C.owned“拥有”;D.showed“展示”。故选B。
15.A 根据上文讲述的盲人的买卖方式可知,他的赚钱方式完全依靠相信别人不会欺骗他。A.depended“依赖”;B.settled“解决”;C.decided“决定”;D.focused“聚集”。depend on“依靠”。故选A。
16.C 因为这是盲人,所以他没有办法知道是否有人多拿了他袋子里的钱。A.problem“问题”;B.point“要点”;C.way“方法”;D.doubt“怀疑”。故选C。
17.D 根据下文“Now I ________believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to ________ others more, like the young blind street seller of toys.”可知,作者对这个盲人对别人的完全相信很感动。A.attracted“被吸引的”;B.shocked“震惊的”;C.excited“激动的”;D.touched“感动的”。故选D。
18.D 根据下文“I just hoped to help a little.”可知,作者从这位盲人那里买了一辆玩具车,然而作者并不需要。A.either“也”;B.instead“代替”;C.moreover“而且”;D.though“然而”。though置于句末,作状语,表示转折,意思是“然而”。故选D。
19.A 根据语境可知,通过这件事情,作者现在坚定地相信如果我们都能像这个盲人一样相信别人更多一点,那么这个世界会成为一个更好的地方。A.firmly“坚定地”; B.tightly“紧紧地”;C.unwillingly“勉强地”;D.negatively“消极地”。故选A。
20.D 作者现在坚定地相信如果我们都能像这个盲人一样相信别人更多一点,那么这个世界会成为一个更好的地方。A.take in“欺骗”;B.turn to“求助于”;C.help out“帮助摆脱困难”;D.believe in“相信”。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·安阳市三十六中月考)I wanted to do something special for my 15yearold son, who has always been a perfect boy.He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy __1__(he)a new racingbicycle instead of asking for money from me.Then he spent hours and hours on it.I loved my son so much __2__ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves.When my son rode the racingbicycle with them, he looked very cool.He dreamed __3__ taking part in a race and winning.On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5__(say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob.I remembered once I __6__(joke)to my family that I wanted to learn playing the guitar to make my life colorful.I had __7__(forget)it, but my son remembered.He took it __8__(serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift.When I wondered __9__ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racingbicycle __10__(get)me the guitar.答案与解析
通过本文考查了学生对一些英语语法的理解和应用。如固定搭配,名词复数,形容词副词的区别,名词的用法等。
1.himself 考查反身代词。buy oneself给自己买,这里的意思是给他自己买自行车。2.that 考查连词。so...that...如此……以至于……,为固定搭配。3.of 考查固定短语。dream of doing sth.梦想着做某事,为固定短语。4.a 考查冠词。这里是泛指,表示一个吉他,所以需用不定冠词,beautiful是以辅音因素开头的单词,所以应该用冠词a。
5.saying 考查非谓语动词。现在分词做非谓语动词,表示写着……。
6.joked 考查一般过去时。由remembered可知,该句需用一般过去时,所以这里joke需用过去式joked。
7.forgotten 考查过去完成时。该句为过去完成时,结构为had done,所以这里forget需用过去分词形式forgotten。
8.seriously 考查固定短语。take it seriously很认真地对待,为固定短语,这里需用副词。
9.how 考查宾语从句。该句为how引导的宾语从句作wonder的宾语。10.to get 考查动词不定式。这里动词不定式表示目的,“为了”。Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·安徽省合肥市第一中学月考)I'd like to talking about my most memorable experience.It was a trip to Australia I had three years before with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plane in my life.My mum worried a lot,so everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two week and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our performances there,we have much excitement.We spent on almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and swam in the blue sea.But warmly Australian nights were which I adored most of all.It was a time of joy,light music and summer parties.答案
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第二篇:2018届高三英语总复习第一部分回归教材Unit1Womenofachievement4!
Unit 1 Women of achievement Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860—1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907—1964)If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor(1930—present)When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913—2005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.2.What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.3.Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the U.S.? A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day O'Connor.D.Rosa Parks.4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peacelovers.答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在过去100年里四位很有影响力的杰出女性。1.A 细节理解题。该题问的是Jane Addams在历史上以什么闻名。根据第二段第一句并结合第二段内容可知,她以她的社会工作而闻名。故选A。
2.C 推理判断题。该题问的是O'Connor被律师事务所拒绝的原因。根据第四段第一句可推知,这是因为当时的社会歧视女性。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。该题问的是谁为美国的民权运动做出了巨大贡献。根据最后一段第三、四句并结合最后一段内容可知,Rosa Parks对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
4.C 推理判断题。该题问的是对于文中提到的四位女士,我们可以推断出什么结论。根据第二至五段内容可推知,文中介绍的四位女性都是某个领域的先驱。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2017·成都外国语学校月考)What do they really mean?
Food manufacturers and retailers are letting shoppers down.This is the view of the CWS, which has just brought out a new report.According to the report, shoppers believe food labels(标签)because they think there are strict regulations in place.__1__So the food industry can get away with all sorts of tricky strategies to make products look bigger and sound better than they are.The report has identified the different ways in which shoppers are misled.__2__ Descriptions on packaging are sometimes inaccurate in an attempt to oversell the product.One example given in the report is the phrase “haddock fillets”,used for a product that is in fact cut from big blocks of fish rather than individual slices.__3__ These include “traditional”,“wholesome”,or “premium”.The claim that a brand is “90% fatfree” hides the fact that it contains 10% fat, which above recommended levels.Phrases such as “free from preservatives” make a virtue out of a normal attribute of food.Labels have a wide variety of text sizes on them.You sometimes need a magnifying glass to read the small print.__4__ Another deliberate type of misinformation lies in the image.Many pictures on packets use small plates to make the product look bigger.__5__ However, misleading messages on packaging could soon be a thing of the past.The CWS recently produced a code which, if used, would end the current inaccuracies and halftruths.It has called on the government to support it as a way of improving food standards.A.Meaningless adjectives are often used to give a positive message.B.An officer says the labels will receive very serious consideration.C.Photographs are sometimes retouched(修饰)to achieve the same effect.D.By contrast, the hard sell(强行推销)information is given emphasis.E.The rules are, in reality, very weak at present.F.This result has not pleased the food industry.G.The most common of these is poor labeling.答案与解析
本文讲述的是如何读懂食品的标签。
1.E 购物者相信食物标签,因为他们认为有严格的规定。但事实上,这些规定现在非常薄弱,故E项符合语境。
2.G 报道中列出了购物者被误导的几种方式,其中最普遍的是差的标签,故G项符合语境。
3.A 由下文给出的多个形容词可知,A项“毫无意义的形容词用来传递一种积极的信息”符合语境。
4.D 有时你需要放大镜去阅读那些很小的字体,而强行推销的字体就特别显眼,故D项符合语境。
5.C 包装上的很多图片用小盘子让产品显得很大,图片有时也会被修饰来达到同样的效果,故C项符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·贵州省思南中学月考)Buying books on the Internet is a great way to save time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and used books that can save you a lot of money.What's more, they are far better __1__(compare)to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of ebooks online __2__ type the book title and get it in seconds.Another advantage of shopping online __3__(be)that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers' reviews to get an idea __4__ the book is worth buying.Online bookstores offer great discounts, __5__ is a big attraction for book lovers.For book lovers,__6__is most important to get books in time.Therefore, you need to find __7__ reliable online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries.Here are some tips to use when selecting an online bookstore.Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books;some are __8__ nonfiction books or novels, etc.Understanding their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time.Check whether you will be buying the books from a thirdparty seller or __9__(direct)from the websites.Never jump at stores that offer super cheap prices, as books __10__(sell)at such low price could be in very bad condition.答案与解析
本文是一篇应用文,说明了现在网上购书的优势并就选择网上书店提了几条建议。1.compared 考查非谓语动词。根据语境和句子结构可知,“__1__(compare)to traditional bookstores”在句中作状语,compare和主句主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词形式。
2.or 考查固定搭配。此处考查either...or...这一结构,故填or。
3.is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知,此处应用一般现在时,主语Another advantage为单数,故填is。
4.whether 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,“__4__ the book is worth buying”在句中作idea的同位语,同时根据语境,这里表示“是否”,故用whether。if一般不引导同位语从句。
5.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“__5__ is a big attraction for book lovers”为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,从句缺少主语,故用关系代词which。
6.it 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,“to get books in time”是真正的主语,空格处是形式主语,故用it。7.a 考查冠词。bookstore为可数名词,根据语境可知,此处表泛指,故用a。8.for 考查介词。根据上下文可知此句为省略句,补充完整应为“some are popular for nonfiction books or novels, etc”,故此处填for。
9.directly 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作状语,应用副词形式directly。
10.sold 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,“__10__(sell)at such a low price”作books的后置定语,sell和books是逻辑上的动宾关系,此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·成都树德中学阶段考试)In my mind, I could never fancy what ten seconds of life could change a person's view for his whole existence.A few years ago, I experience the worst moment in my life.I was driving home that afternoon.Unfortunately, I didn't make it home as usually because I had a car accident.While I was driving, all of a sudden, but the car in front of me stopped.My car immediately ran into it.Luckily, I wasn't serious hurt.That accident changed way I drive and they taught me a valuable lesson.I also came to the conclusion which life needs to be treasuring.答案
In my mind, I could never fancy what ten seconds of life could change a person's
howview for his whole existence.A few years ago, I experience the worst moment in on/about
experiencedmy life.I was driving home that afternoon.Unfortunately, I didn't make it home as usually because I had a car accident.While I was driving, all of a sudden, but\
usualthe car in front of me stopped.My car immediately ran into it.Luckily, I wasn't serious hurt.That accident changed ∧ way I drive and they taught me a valuable seriously
the
itlesson.I also came to the conclusion which life needs to be treasuring.that
treasuredⅤ.书面表达
(2017·新疆兵团第二师模拟)请用英文向你的同学介绍一下著名女科学家居里夫人(Madame Curie)。提示:1.世界著名女科学家,1867年出生于波兰(Poland)一个教师家庭;
2.从小爱学习并希望成为科学家,24岁赴巴黎,在巴黎大学读书,生活很艰难,但她学习非常刻苦; 3.一生致力于科学研究,在1903年和1911年两次分别获诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖; 4.她作为一位伟大的女科学家将永远被人们怀念。要求:1.词数100词左右;2.不可逐字翻译。
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
答案
Madame Curie is one of the greatest woman scientists in the world.Born in 1867, she first lived in Poland, then went to France.From her childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist.When she was very young she was interested in science.At 24, she left for Paris and entered the University of Paris.She lived a very tough life there, but she studied very hard.During all her life, she worked very hard and discovered the element radium.She received the Nobel Prize in 1903 and in 1911.For her last ten years, she was almost blind.The radium with which she had worked for many years had caused blindness and illness and finally a disease of the blood.She died in Paris at the age of 66.Today she is remembered not only as a great scientist, but also for her determination and courage.
第三篇:2018届高三英语总复习第一部分回归教材Unit4Earthquakes1!
Unit 4 Earthquakes Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·河北省冀州中学高三年级考试)The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice.1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday? Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush.Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday? Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week.And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day—often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3.How often do you think about fighting germs? Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.Step: Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.1.What is found out about American seniors? A.Most of them have good habits.B.Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.C.All of them are fighting germs better than expected.D.About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.2.Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.A.twice a day B.three times a day C.four times a day D.eight times a day 3.Which of the following is true according to the text? A.We should keep from touching our faces.B.There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.C.A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.D.We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.4.The text probably comes from ________.A.a guide book B.a popular magazine C.a book review D.an official document
答案与解析
本文为说明文。文章介绍的是一个对美国老年人健康习惯调查的结果以及专家给出的对策。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章开头部分可知,多数美国老年人没有好的习惯,故A项错误;30%的美国老年人每天洗手四次,而不是每周洗澡三天,故B项错误;根据第三个问题下Finding中的内容“Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.”可知C项错误。根据第一个问题下Finding中的内容“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知D项表述正确。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二个问题下Finding中的“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day — half of the number doctors recommend.”可知,每天洗手四次只是医生建议的一半,由此可知,医生建议的次数是每天八次。故选D。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三个问题下Step内容中的“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else?”可知C项正确。
4.B 文章出处题。通读全文可知,本文显然不是书评(a book review),也不是政府文件(an official document)。A项有较强的干扰性,但本文主要是面向公众的日常知识普及,而不是生活指导。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2017·内蒙古赤峰二中月考)While going through life with the pursuit of money on our mind, we're often told that money can't buy happiness.But what truth is there in the saying? Is there a relation between money and happiness? __1__ Humans are very sensitive to change.When we get a rise, we really enjoy it.But some studies have shown that in North America, additional income beyond 75,000 dollars a year stops impacting daytoday happiness.__2__They often end up spending all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.So surely money can't really buy happiness.Well, recent studies suggest that the problem may actually be in the way that we spend money.__3__ Studies show that people who spend their money on others feel happier.As for the people who spend money on themselves, their happiness is unchanged.__4__ One experiment showed that instead of an organization writing a large check to a charity, dividing the amount up among employees, allowing them to contribute to a charity of their choice, increased their job satisfaction.Similarly, individuals that spend money on each other, as opposed to themselves, not only increase job satisfaction, but improve the team performance.__5__ Interestingly, the specific way money is spent on others isn't important.Spending something on others is the important aspect of increasing your happiness.A.The same principle has been tested on teams and organizations as well.B.Money has more effect on the vast majority of people in the long run.C.Instead of buying things for yourself, try giving some of it to other people and see how you feel.D.And if so, how can we use it to our advantage? E.Almost everywhere we look in the world, we see that giving money to others is positively related to happiness.F.And while you're saving up for these greatest experiences, don't forget the daily joys in life.G.In fact, people who win a lottery often report becoming extremely unhappy.答案与解析
这篇文章探讨金钱和幸福的关系。
1.D 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是:但这个说法有何真理?金钱和幸福之间有关连性吗?这里选D(而若有的话,我们该如何善加利用它呢?)与上下文一致。
2.G 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是:一些研究显示,在北美,一年超过75,000美元的额外收入不再影响每天的幸福。所以这里选G(事实上,赢彩票的人往往变得极度不快乐)与上下文一致。
3.C 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是:不过,最近的研究认为这问题事实上可能在于我们花钱的方式上。空后句意:研究显示把钱花在别人身上的人感觉比较幸福。所以这里选C(与其买东西给你自己,不如试着把一些钱分给其他人,看看你的感受如何)与上下文一致。
4.A 考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思:一项实验显示,与其公司组织写张巨额支票给慈善团体,不如把那金额在员工之间均分,让他们捐给自己选择的慈善团体,提升他们的工作满意度。所以这里选A(同样的原理也已在团队跟公司组织中测试过)与上下文一 致。
5.E 考查对上下文语境的理解。空后句意:有趣的是,钱以什么特定方式花在别人身上并不重要。花些钱在别人身上是提升你幸福感的重要方面。所以这里选E(我们在世界上探究几乎每个地方,发现给予别人金钱或礼物和幸福感是正面相关连的)与上下文一致。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of __1__(great)and less importance.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __2__(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __3__(be)often acceptable.Most of us are more focused __4__ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So, get an early start and try to be as productive __5__ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent __6__(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __7__(regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __8__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely __9__(bring)your work home.It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, __10__(make)sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了处理工作压力的方法。
1.greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的“and less importance”可知,此处应用 great的比较级形式与“less”并列。故填greater。
2.achievement 考查词性转换。根据空格前的“a real sense of”可知,空格处应用 achieve的名词形式。故填achievement。
3.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据本句的主语“Leaving the less important things”可知,谓语动词应用单数;本句是在客观陈述一件事,所以应用一般现在时。故填is。
4.on 考查介词。focus on是固定短语,意为“集中于……”,符合语境。故填on。5.as 考查固定句式。as...as possible是固定句式,意为“尽可能……”,符合语境。故填as。
6.studies 考查名词复数。根据语境及谓语动词“show”可知,study在句中是名词,且应用复数形式。故填studies。
7.regularly 考查词性转换。此处应用regular的副词形式修饰动词短语“take short breaks”。故填regularly。
8.a 考查冠词。for a while是固定短语,意为“暂时,一会儿”,符合语境。故填冠词a。
9.to bring 考查固定句式。sb.is likely to do sth.是固定句式,意为“某人有可能会做某事”。故填to bring。
10.make 考查祈使句。根据“whatever it is”可知,本句是一个让步状语从句,所以应用“make”的原形在句中作谓语,构成祈使句。故填make。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·青海师大附中月考)In the morning of November 18th, 1755, an earthquake shook Boston.John, professor in Harvard college felt a quake and woke up and found to be fifteen minutes past four.He hurried to downstairs to the clock.It had stopped three minutes ago.Except to stopping the clock, the quake had only thrown a key from the mantel(壁炉架)to the floor.The clock had stopped because John put some long glass tube he was using for an experiment into the case for safekeeping.The quake had been knocked the tubes over and blocked the pendulum(钟摆).So John had the exactly time of the earthquake.答案
In the morning of November 18th, 1755, an earthquake shook Boston.John, Onprofessor in Harvard college felt a quake and woke up and found ∧ to be fifteen
the
itminutes past four.He hurried to\ downstairs to the clock.It had stopped three minutes ago.Except to stopping the clock, the quake had only thrown a key from beforeforthe mantel(壁炉架)to the floor.The clock had stopped because John ∧ put some long
hadglass tube he was using for an experiment into the case for safekeeping.The quake tubeshad been knocked the tubes over and blocked the pendulum(钟摆).So John had the exactly time of the earthquake.exactⅤ.书面表达
近年来全球极端气候和重大自然灾害越来越频繁,其中很大一部分原因是人类活动。China Daily举行征文活动,警示人们要保护环境。请你写一篇短文,参加征文活动。
注意:
1.要列举极端气候或自然灾害及其造成的影响; 2.分析原因;
3.呼吁人们关爱地球,保护环境。词数:100~120。
________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
答案
Over the past years, there have been frequent extreme weather and natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, snowstorms, earthquakes and so on.These have killed millions of people and destroyed countless homes.Improper human activities contribute a lot to those disasters.We have cut down too many trees, badly polluted the environment, and wasted plenty of resources.What we do is threatening human survival and development.So it is high time that we protected our environment.We should plant more trees, reduce the use of vehicles, and save resources like water and electricity.Everyone can make a difference to the environment.Only if we stop damaging the earth and do our best to protect it can we make the world a pleasant place to live in.
第四篇:高三英语总复习心得二则
高三英语总复习心得
高三英语,总复习,要兼顾英语知识循环与巩固,着力优化学生运用英语的能力。在夯实基础,提高能力方面我们做到了以下几点:
1.以词汇手册为抓手,安排词汇作业和词汇默写。每天有5分钟左右的课堂默写,每周五有一次词汇测验。每天的默写,第一遍是单词,第二遍是词组,第三遍是句子。每周的词汇测验内容丰富,单选,拼写,翻译,力求抓实抓牢。
2.语法复习方面我们没有按部就班逐条展开,删减了很多内容,反复操练难点重点,在减轻学生的负担的同时,提高复习的效率。
3.阅读始终是我们复习的重点,我们精心挑选阅读材料,第一轮复习我们挑选了近几年外省市的高考阅读,第二轮我们挑选了近10年的大学四级阅读,在二模结束后我们删除了一些二模卷,增加了一些比较合适的六级阅读练习,并且在课堂完成,始终难度不降低。第二,我们对阅读的速度要求很高,每次的大小练习,测验,包括月考,只要是课内完成的,我们都会增加题量,开始很多学生完成这个量非常困难,到第二学期,学生普遍反映都可以了。2011年的高考英语的阅读比2010年要长,要难,有学生出考场就哭了说完成不了,而我们学生没有这些情况发生,反映能考出正常水平。
现在回想起来,我们做的都是常规的事情:备课,上课,选题,批改作业,找学生谈心,没有什么值得大书特书的事情,如果有不同就是我们想把常规的事情做得更加细致,更加精致,能够真正落实,就像我们说的:little effort every day will make a significant difference to us.我们知道,非智力因素在学生的学业生涯中所起的作用超过智力因素,这同样适用于我们的教学生涯。在去年的整个一年,我们备课组团结合作,不计较名利等身外之物,踏踏实实地工作好每一天,工作上生活上相互帮助,共同进步。朱才龙老师钻研业务,帮助我们把握考试的动向,为我们制定前进的方向,知无不言,体现了一名老教师的宽广胸襟。曹铭,杨卓玲假期就准备好词汇测验卷子,备课,勤学好问。吕斌在关键时候义无反顾地加入,伸出援助之手。张毅文是多年合作的伙伴,工作上默契一致,无需多言。此外,我们备课组得到了整个外语组的大力支持,组长徐青经常嘘寒问暖,关怀备至;高一高二老师做了很多很多奠定基础的工作,天天给学生背课文,一个学生一个学生地过;除了课本之外,指导学生读报纸,在接触大量的信息的过程中培养学生的兴趣,在潜移默化中提高学生的英语交际能力。我们都有一个体会:高一高二的老师并不轻松。我们富有在我们经验的高一高二的备课组长顾红和朱越耗费心血给我们提供了高质量的月考卷子。另外年级组多年如一日地协助我们的早读课和测验监考工作,文印室李老师加班加点及时为提供我们讲义卷,语音室和电教中心的老师为我们完成听力教学任务忙前忙后,提供强有力的后援,他们使我们觉得温暖。
所以,如果说外语组在逐步进步的话,那么付出努力,给予支持和鼓励的是整个学校,或者说是热爱孩子,热爱教育,怀揣梦想的所有的人。
第五篇:2009年高三英语总复习总结
2009年高三英语总复习总结
2009-09-21 16:37:38| 分类: 默认分类 | 标签:无 |字号大中小 订阅
2009年高三英语总复习总结 关键词:复习策略,实践第一,教学评价
高三英语总复习不仅是一个查缺补漏的过程,英语知识体系不断完美化的过程,更重要的是丰富使用语言经验,增强语感的过程,使原有的听说读写能力上升到新水平的过程,提高综合分析能力,观察判断等思维能力,学会自学,改进应试能力的过程。讲究复习策略是提高教育教学质量的重要前提,对此我们采取了如下措施:
一、综合语言运用能力培养策略
1、要持实践第一,以使用英语为主
简明扼要地对学过的知识进行归纳总结是必要的,但一次性不要灌输太多,有的知识点较多可以分几次进行呈现,重视设置相应的语言实践活动或相应高考试题的题型给学生使用这些知识点的机会,学过的知识马上进行运用,才能使学生有效地记住这些语言点。决不能用很多的时间去钻研语法规则,该把大部分的时间用在阅读,听力和写作练习上,也就是运用语言上。“口语是学习语言的前提。”课堂上为学生提供口头表达的机会,可以提高对语言知识的保持。不能因为高考不考说的技能,就把课堂变成了沉默的课堂,在语言学习过程中,听说读写是密不可分,相互促进的过程。
2、坚持词不离句,句不离文的原则
语言知识要在练习中加深理解,在练习中巩固记忆,在练习当中学会应用,使用英语的能力是在用英语的实践当中培养起来的,不是靠老师给讲会的,学会英语要坚持模仿为主,理论分析为辅,不要过分钻研为什么,语言很多时候没有那么多的道理可说,因为语言是约定俗成的。引导学生多动手读一读,听一听,写一写,从句子中,语篇中理解和领会语言知识和它的运用。在练习时以练习阅读为主,以阅读为开端,以阅读为主线,以阅读为重点,以阅读贯彻始终。
二、听力教学策略
听的练习要在掌握相应的听力策略的前提下做到持之以恒。“2008的听力题许多同学反映不是太容易,说明高考对听力的要求是比较高的,建议每天练习听力10—20分钟,听力材料可以选用外籍人士朗读的模拟试题,要精听和泛听相结合,有的段落要反复听,非弄清楚每一个词不可,有的段落则大概听听就可以了。泛听对培养语感是很有好处的,练习听力的时候要学会抓住关键词语,学会预测,并做到边听边分析综合,听力测试问题的类型一共就这几个类型,概括中心话题,推理判断,对谈话细节等问题要心中有数,对常考的谈话内容如打电话,买东西,看病,用餐,活动安排,表示看法等要做到熟悉而不陌生,听力的提高不是一个早晨就能实现的,它是慢功夫,但是要经常听,肯定会有大的长进。其次听力训练要让学生掌握相应的听力策略,用什么技能听懂什么。当学生听不懂时,要引导学生思考自己在哪些地方欠缺知识而不能听懂。”(李俊和)同时还要适当训练学生的短时记忆能力,短时记忆能力的提高有助于提高学生的应试能力。平时还可以引导学生多朗读,大声朗读,增加语音对脑子的刺激,使语音与单词成为一
体,提高学生对语音的反应能力。
三、写作教学策略:
(一)写作问题分析:
从上学期的我市高三质检的试卷中我收集了作文得分在10—15分之间的我区考生的作文中所出现的表达方面比较典型的错句,从这些错句当中我们可以发现学生写作方面存在的主要问题:总的问题概括如
下7点:
1)用词不恰当是很普遍的现象,对基本的词汇使用还把握不好。如be动词,2)不能使用英语中的一些常用的基本的固定句型来表达。对句型的运用不熟悉。3)没有掌握好英文固有的表达方式,英语语感很弱,基本采用中文思维方式进行表达。
4)内容不全---这也是考试中中等学生水平的通病。
5)没有掌握写作策略:逻辑关系不强,想到什么写什么,没有学会在写之前认真构思6)不能把握文
章的结构,表达的顺序,先写什么,后写什么。7)基本不会使用恰当的连接词来表达上下文的逻辑关系。
(二)应对的教学策略:
1.在使用英语的过程中提高运用语言的能力
而写的能力的提高是不能靠做其它练习能提高的,要求学生每天动笔写几句,由少到多,由简单到复杂,渐渐地接近高考要求。练习写东西主要练习写事,同时也可以练习写人,介绍地方,写表示观点的小文章。只要持之以恒地练笔,逐渐建立英语思维的习惯,就能形成语感,进而提高用英进行表达的能力。
2.用活基本词汇,立足常见句型
初写作时引导学生主要使用常用词也就是积极词汇和常用句型,也就是初中学过的词汇和句型,有一定基础了,在使用新颖的词汇和复杂结构,复杂结构也不要以为是高不可攀,引导学生把简单句变成定语从句,变成强调句,或者使用上非谓语动词的短语也就是使用了复杂结构。
3.指导写作策略
从以上的作文问题分析我们知道,学生到了高三还不能熟练地运用一定的写作策略对作文进行较好的构思与谋篇。掌握写作策略是写好一篇文章的前提条件,指导写作策略要在高三一开始就要不断地进行渗透与训练。建议教师们可以采用过程写作训练法对每一个写作步骤进行指导与帮助,让学生明白写作要
领,并有效地运用他们进行写作:
具体协作步骤如下:审题构思---写提纲---写作---修改—定稿。在平时的写作训练中,尤其要注重对修改文章的策略的指导,以便学生能在不断的修改过程中,提高作文的质量。因为好文章是修改出来的。这是平时写作中也是考试中重要的一个环节,而它往往被我们教师们所忽略。如果学生不会修改自己的文
章,那么提高写作水平将成为一句空话。
4.采用多种批改方式,增加反馈
在平时作文批改中往往存在着两种现象.一是只批不改,学生对于教师批改后的文章不予理会,没有进行认真的修改。二是教师批改只停留在纠错上,反馈的信息量不够。对于学生在表达方面做得好的方面没有给予及时的积极的评价,对学生的篇章结构和内容方面不够关注,导致学生对教师的批改不予与重视,导致写作水平提高得非常慢。
为了提高学生修改文章的积极性和主动性,在批改方式和批改内容方面都要多样化,给予丰富的反馈和积极的评价。根据脑科学原理,增加反馈是提高学生内在动机的一个有效措施(Eric Jensen.《适于脑的教学》-P79)。在批改方式方面可以采用他评和自评相结合的方法进行。特别是提高自评能力方面要多下功夫。教师在作文批改方面要给予有效的反馈,不能只停留在纠错的层面上,还要进一步在表达方式,内容丰富,行文流畅,作文结构等方面给与评价和引导.同时还可以为学生提供范文,引导学生对自己的作文作自我评价,并自己修改,反馈,再修改。好文章是改出来的。英语写作练习也是如此。教师应鼓励学生多使用词典和参考书,在表达方式上多下功夫,反复修改订正,只有这样才能使学生的写作水平有一个
提高的过程。
5.写作训练方式的多样化
练习的方式可以让学生写随笔,给学生自由地真实表达的机会,这样可以真实地反馈出学生在书面表达方面的问题,可以使教师的作文教学更有针对性,也可以找带答案的写作练习,让学生先自己改,再交给老师改,这样既培养学生的自主学习的能力,也可以减轻老师的负担。也可以让学生进行模仿性写作练习,因为学语言的基础阶段还是重在模仿,模仿写作可以在短期内取得一定的进步。因为要使学生能够创造性地使用语言还是比较困难的,它需要具有比较高的运用语法的能力。让学生进行具有真实交际目的的写作训练是提高学生英语写作兴趣的手段,也是高考书面表达题的特点。同时让学生练习抄写小文章,背文章或者背句子,背诵是使学习者把语言形式与其所处的语境结合起来储存于记忆网络中并形成语感的最有效途径。适当背诵一些好的范文对学生语感的培养和写作能力的提高都是很有帮助的。
四、词汇复习策略:
建议可把教材词汇做一次归类,按话题来归类,并按话题来记忆,便于记忆和在写作时系统地提取。还有一点很重要的就是要把词汇表中的积极词汇归纳出来,这些词汇是要求四会的,一定要掌握好,其余的作为消极词汇来记,很多名词都是消极词汇,只要会听,会认读就可以了。考纲词汇表是高考命题的基础,一定要在考纲词汇表上多下功夫,认真,有所侧重地掌握好他们。在背诵这些词汇时,引导学生多联系在什么语境中使用这些词汇,并尝试用他们造句,还可以结合自己的生活经验进行造句,这样可以取得很好的记忆效果。根据脑科学最新研究成果:“脑扫描研究发现,当新学习材料确实可理解(领悟)且与过去经验相联系(有意义),也就是建构了学习者自身的意义时,脑区就会有更多的激活,对学习材料的保持也显著提高。”(引自《适于脑的教学》)因此我们可以说,对所学材料与自己的知识经验建立联系,所学材料就容易进入长时存储,因而容易被长时记忆。背单词是比较枯燥无味的,因此我们在词汇记忆时结合学生的过去的经验进行造句并把它表述出来可以大大提高记忆的效果和保持。对于学习积极词汇,可以引导学生借助于字典,但不要照搬词典,词典的解释很多,有的高考用不上,因此应该是有所选择地学习,对于常用的,教材中出现过的用法要掌握。借助于字典可以帮助我们回忆常用的搭配与用法,同时字典可以帮助我们把新旧的不同用法联系起来,便于记忆,可以通过记住字典中的好的例句或课文中好的例句来记住他们的用法,这也不失为一个好方法。例如:hope的用法,wish 的用法字典可以帮助我们唤起对他们用法的记忆,如学到break out 时,可以查查字典,了解我们所学过得与break搭配的短语还有哪一些,以便形成系统记忆。在学习词汇时,还要注意一些相似词组的辨析,要搞清楚他们的用法,对写作时准确选用恰当词汇进行表达也是很有帮助的。避免在写作时应用他们时犯错误。同时对阅读理解也是有重要意义的。有些相似词语在意义上是很不同的。如:not a bit=not at all 与not a little =very much..no better than(指双方都不好)与not better than(不如对方)它们有时也是短文改错的考点
五、复习中的侧重策略:
要侧重基础知识的复习,高考虽是选拔性考试,但不是智力竞赛。实际上高考750分中大约有600分都是中低档题,或者是基础题的灵活形式。英语学科覆盖面较广,属循序渐进提高的。学生英语水平的的提高在很大程度上取决于基础知识的积累。要把基础词汇,基本句型弄扎实,要做到懂,会用,而且熟练。在抓基础知识时,并不是只练高考题型,高考题是考查学生运用语言能力的,而不是用来作为训练能力的练习,在平时的复习训练中,可以多采用尽量让学生有机会通过书写进行表达的题目如填空,翻译,写作,回答问题等都是训练语言技能的好题型。只有这样基础的知识才能扎扎实地过关。其实,在书面表达中,学生如果运用好初中的基本词汇和基本句型就足于能写好高考的作文。从我上面的我区高三学生的卷面作文中也很清楚地看到大部分学生对于基础的语言知识如want,think,afford等词都用不好,写出来的文章不知所云,这都是基础知识不过关所致。在我平时的教学视导中,我发现很多高三老师在复习时对高三的高级词汇方面花了很多功夫,而对很基本的高频词汇的使用却很少重视,其结果是在学生的作文中看不到高级词汇的运用,而是基本词汇的乱用,不会使用基本的句型,而大部分都是中文式的英文。同时我们从高考的听力材料中也可以看到,听力材料的难度是相当于初中课文的难度。
六、阅读能力培养策略
阅读理解能力的考查始终是高考的重头戏,在高考总复习过程中,学生已学完高中所有的语言知识,积累了一定量的语言储备,为阅读能力的提高提供了坚实的基础,此时是训练提高阅读理解能力的好机会。学生阅读能力的提高在一方面取决于学生的语言知识的积累,在另一方面取决于学生的思维能力,阅读技巧和文化素养。因此在阅读理解能力培养方面可以采取以下策略:
(一)分阶段地训练阅读技巧和解题技巧,提高思维能力
思维能力的高低决定着阅读能力的高低。英语的高考绝不仅仅是单纯地考词汇和句型,处处渗透着观察,分析,综合,想象能力的考试。教师可以订出阅读技巧训练的计划和进程,有计划有步骤地进行阅读技巧的指导和思维能力的训练,每周至少安排一节阅读指导课,对学生进行强化训练,当堂阅读,当堂讲评,对阅读的速度,技巧的运用作具体的要求。某个阅读技巧和应试技巧的掌握不是靠一节课就能形成的,要靠学生反复地在阅读中去实践这些技巧,学生一旦能自觉地运用技巧提高阅读效率,那么他的阅读
能力就得到了有效的提升。
(二)精选阅读材料,注意阅读体裁多样化,阅读材料的难度、实用性和时代性以及文化知识的渗
透。
教师们常常会发现,学生经过一个阶段的训练之后,学生的阅读能力没有什么很大的进展,还停留在原有的水平。这是为什么呢?问题主要出在教师只是根据学生手头的现有的辅导材料布置阅读任务,没有去考虑阅读材料的难易度,很多辅导材料的阅读文章都是搬来搬去,无法适应不同程度的学生的需求,有的阅读材料较简单,低于或等于学生的原有水平,读这样的文章无法有效地训练学生的阅读理解能力。有的阅读材料对某些学生来说太难,学生就干脆放弃不读。根据建构主义理论,学生所学的内容要略高于学生原有的水平,才有利于学生能力的发展。因此教师在布置阅读作业前,自己要先看过,对阅读材料要
有所选择,对难度的把握要准确。
其次要体现阅读材料的时代性和实用性以及体裁的多样性,阅读内容要体现最新的发展动态,并且能让学生通过阅读获取有用的信息,这样才能提高学生阅读的兴趣,建议可以采用英文报刊的阅读文章,让每个学生至少订一份英文报纸。因为报纸能提供最新的信息,提供多种体裁的文章,使学生能适应高考的需要。
还有一点很重要的就是要在阅读教学中培养文化意识,提高人文素养。语言是文化的载体,文化是语言的内涵。文化的差异往往会造成对语言的误解和不理解,因此对英语文化的了解是提高英语阅读的重要手段,它能帮助学生有效的理解英语文章,因为很多英语文章所传达的是英语国家的文化。教师在英语阅读教学中要引导学生了解和理解英语文章中所蕴含的文化的东西,形成跨文化交际的能力,这对于阅读
理解能力的提高是非常重要的。
(三)精读和泛读相结合,保证阅读的量
在每周保证一周的阅读指导课以外,还要让学生进行大量的泛读,既吸收语言知识,又吸收信息。教师可以引导学生做阅读笔记,积累语言知识,扩大词汇量。泛读既能为学生提供实践阅读技巧的机会,又能有效地巩固所学的词汇,让学生不断地在语篇中循环所学的词汇。每天至少保证1000字的量。大量的阅读就是大量的正确的输入,大量的语言输入也为学生的语言输出提供基础。教师让学生做习题方面要精选,在阅读方面的量一定要保证,这是提高学生英语能力的重要保障。
七在总复习阶段,学生有必要对高中阶段的语法知识进行系统的复习,对各种语法知识有一个系统地了解,并提升运用语法的能力,形成语言技能。根据普通高中英语新课程标准(实验)解读对语法教学的建议和目前高三英语语法复习存在的问题提出以下针对性的策略:
(一)在老师的指导下,通过独立阅读加讨论的方式系统学习语法知识
很多老师在总复习时利用课堂时间讲解语法规则,整堂课老师在讲解分析,甚至用两三节课还讲不完,如非谓语动词,定语从句等语法规则繁多,但学生又必须系统地掌握。但是采用老师讲解分析的方式,学生听得很累,老师也讲得很累,效果不好,不利于学生学习能力和思维能力的培养,学生也很难一下子记住那么多的语法规则,因此采用独立阅读加讨论的方式有利于培养学生的自主学习的能力和合作学习的能力,而且可以在课堂上节省出更多的时间来进行语言实践活动。目前高考复习的资料名目繁多,很多辅导材料都有对语法知识进行系统的归纳和讲解,学生可以在课前通过自行阅读这些辅导材料对语法知识进行系统的学习和了解,然后带着问题来到课堂与同伴进行讨论,解决存在的问题,教师只需要在必要的地方给予指导和帮助,使教师的教更有针对性,而且还可以照顾到个体差异,针对不同的学生不同的问题进
行指导。
(二)语法学习要从用的角度出发设计教学活动
在语法教学中,要从语法的功能的角度出发,而不是从语法分析入手,我们不需要培养学生成为语法学家,我们学语法的目的是为了更准确地理解语言和更准确地运用语言。语法教学要与技能相结合,我们可以运用这个语法结构来做什么。如学习定语从句,我可以运用定语从句的知识来理解长句和难句,我们可以运用定语从句来给某人或某物下定义,然后通过语篇(听,读、观察)来展示实际生活中人们是怎样使用的,给学生留出思考、交流、质疑的时间,然后为学生创设一些运用的语境,并提供语言支持,使
学生在运用中加深理解,学会运用。
(三)发展学生比较强的语法意识。
语法教学不能局限在语法的范畴,必须与逻辑思维联系起来(如被动语态的大量使用体现了西方人的不同的思维方式),与人说话的意识联系起来(比如时态的用法就与人说话的意识有关),与篇章语境联系起来,与题材、体裁联系起来(比如定语从句常出现在科技类文章),与词汇的用法联系起来,与文化联系起来(比如外来词的语法特征),基于此教师可以采用研究式的语法教学模式。教师针对某语法项目提出问题,从意义上,从文化上,从结构上,从文章的体裁对语法的影响上,然后提出解决问题的途径如查看语法书,提供含有该语法项目的文字或声音的语篇,或提示在哪一类体裁或题材的文章经常出现哪一类的语法现象等,学生分工去查找、摘录、然后汇集讨论交流观点和资料,教师通过聆听学生们的讨论找到讲课的切入点和针对性,从而提高语法课的教学效率,并提升学生的学习能力和运用语言的能力。
(五)语法知识与真实信息“捆绑”在一起
面对繁多的语法规则,学生常常感到茫然,不知所措,难于记住所有的语法规则。根据脑科学原理:学生所学的知识与个体建立联系能有效地提高学生的记忆效果和学习兴趣。把语法规则与学生的真实的信息建立联系是记住语法规则的有效方法。如虚拟语气可以用来表达遗憾和难于实现的愿望,让学生运用这个结构来表达对自己真实的想法和经历,通过记住这些句子来记住它的语法结构和使用规则。如以下是学
生自己造的句子:
I wish I could travel around the world.(表达难以实现的愿望)If I had worked harder,I would have got better grade last lerm.(表达遗憾)从以上的句子结构和它所表达信息中,学生很容易就记住虚拟语气的功能和结构。
九、复习中适当培养应试能力
学生必须具备一定的应试能力才能在高考中发挥应有的水平,因此在总复习阶段,有必要对学生进
行应试能力的训练。
(一)定时间进行考试训练
在平时综合训练中,首先细划每一类题所需的时间,严格要求,格守时间,实实在在操练,以避免学生在考试时因时间利用不合理而造成心理负担。如单项选择限制在10分钟完成,完形填空20分钟,阅
读40分钟,改错10分钟,作文20分钟等。
(二)重视考后分析
每次综合训练后,引导学生对自己的答题情况进行一次认真的自我评价,对做错的题分析丢分的原因,并进行分类统计,看看因审题,表达,思路,粗心等因素各扣了多少分,并分析错题是因为那块知识点的缺漏而造成的,经过这样分析找出自己学习上存在的各种问题,明确努力的方向,同时也为教师的今后教学提供了有效的反馈,使教学更具有针对性从而提高效率。对于做对的题目要引导学生找出此类题目的解题规律,做到触类旁通。
十、复习中培养自主学习的能力
引导学生学会自主学习。引导学生学会对自己的学习状况作出理性的分析与评价,从而确立可行的目标,形成强烈的学习动机,并进一步确立实施的计划、语法教学策略:
(一)通过评价了解自己
设计可行的教学评价方案引导学生做自我评价,并利用每次的综合训练和考试引导学生做自己的试卷分析与评价,通过评价了解自己所取得的进步和存在的不足,了解自己的现状,对自己做出准确的评价后为自己确立可行的目标,目标必须是经过努力可以达到,目标不可太高.目标确定完以后,引导学生自己安排自己的学习进程。进程的安排要体现个人特点,因为每个人的知识经验的不同构成了不同的知识水平,每个人有每个人的不同的优势和弱势。如听力较差的学生需要在听力方面多下功夫。写作能力方面较差的学生可以在写作方面多下功夫,并安排好自己的训练进程,有计划有步骤地实施,还要引导学生在学习过程中不断总结经验,并善于向别人学习。经过一段时间个性化的训练,水平一定会得到显著的提高。
(二)通过评价指导学习策略
指导学生掌握相应的学习策略是培养自主学习的重要前提也是提高学习效率的关键。学生有必要掌握复习的策略,应试的策略,提高听力的策略等。通过教学评价设计学习策略评价表让学生做自我评价和同伴互评,让学生得到及时有效的反馈,了解哪些是好的学习策略,自己在哪些方面还存在不足,有助于推动学生不断地调整自己的学习状况,学会运运用策略来提高自己的学习效率。
十一、总结
总之,在高三英语总复习教学中,既要重视语言知识的积累,也要重视能力的培养,教学以使用英语为主,以阅读贯彻始终,坚持实践第一的原则,不断丰富学生使用语言的经验,使学生在复习的过程中听读写的能力都得到较大的提升。综合运用语言的能力得到有效的提高。同时还要善于运用形成性评价进行复习策略和应试策略的指导与训练,使学生能有效地运用学习策略来提高学习效率。
参考文献:
1。(美)Eric Jensen,《适于脑的教学》 2.高考王牌解析—高考命题研究专家北京四中李俊和,高考王牌解析(光盘)
4.张家明,罗玲(《教学与管理》第二期,高考二轮复习策略 5.蔡长春(《教学与管理》第一期),高考高分是这样得来的 6.陈琳,王蔷,程晓堂主编,《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)解读》
学年英语教学总结
高三,对老师和学生来说都是一次磨砺,是整个高中阶段非常重要的一个阶段。作为一名高三的英语老师,随着今年考试题型的突然变化,曾有一定的迷茫感,但同时这也是一件好事,促使我们用更多的时间去学研究新题型和高考,以便能够更好地教授学生。
回首自己这一学年的教学工作,在与其他教师的交流和讨论中,教学还是比较成功的。对学生的考试技巧指导及训练是有效的、针对性强的。这主要得益于我们有一个团结、合作的学科组,在此我谈谈
对复习备考的一些想法和做法。
一、加强研究,提高复习备考工作的针对性
认真学习并分析了高考题的类型,目的是总结规律寻找突破口。从历年高考试题的整体研究中找共性;从2004年各类试题的研究中找趋势;开拓性地抓复习备考。今年高考新增加的题型,为任务型阅读,即阅读填空,考查考生在有限的时间内根据需要捕捉有效信息的能力和学生对词汇的综合归纳能力。阅读试题的考查全面,对中学英语教学起到了很好的导向作用。在常规教学及复习备考中,我们始终抓住加大阅读量,开展泛读教学,加强阅读技巧的指导,形成有效的阅读策略,从根本上培养考生的良好的阅读习惯和逻辑思维能力。另一增加的内容为听力单词拼写。该题要求学生在词汇方面不仅要能认识,更要能默写该词;同时在听力训练的时候,不仅要让学生听懂听力材料的内容,而且要会根据所听的内容进行归纳和总结。因此,在平时的练习中我们比较重视的词汇的巩固及扩充,以及好句子和好课文背诵这一环
节。
二、制定计划,加强复习的目标性。
我根据学生的具体情况,制定出切实可行的复习计划,我主要从以下几个方面着手
1、夯实基础,发展能力。
第一学期在完成小量的新课的基础上,加强第一轮的复习,要求学生加强基础知识的巩固。同时由于近年来高考英语逐渐侧重于语言能力的考查,对语言知识的直接考查相对地减少了。因此,在复习过程中,组织学生巩固各项基础知识的前提下,同时通过不断的语言练习,掌握一定的技巧。在此基础上,再通过科学系统的训练,发展能力,收到了事半功倍的效果。
2、降低难度,回归基础,强化专题训练。
进入高三后半学期,高考临近,根据学生的具体情况把握中档、低档题,这对学生取得高分是非常有利的。学生普遍都有这样的感觉:很多题目“一看就会,一做就错”。造成这种现象的根本原因在于对基础知识的掌握不牢固。这时,复习的重点要放在查漏补缺上。我将学生以前所做的试卷中普遍存在的错题进行分析归类,重新编制成试题形式,让学生再练,教师再讲评、提高学生识别错误的能力和语言领悟能力。我们指导学生回头看以前自己做过的作业,如果学生以前备有错题集,指导学生逐题分析错因。
3、整理基础知识,适当做一些高考题。
要在期考前夕找到良好的语言知识感觉和运用能力感觉就必须回归基础,整理巩固基础知识,用最充实、最满意的感觉来增强自己的自信心。同时,利用这段时间试着做近几年的高考题,学会找出每道
题的切入点,从中总结命题利益和命题手法。
4、认真研究考试说明,狠抓高考各题型的解题技巧指导和答题规范训练。特别对听力测试题的解题方法多加训练。我们认真分析2004年高考试卷。在此基础上精心选编几套高质量的适应性高考模拟试卷。所有模拟试卷都按实际高考的要求进行测试。每次模拟考试后都进行认真讲评,要求分析到每一小题,分析到每一个学生,加强学生心理状态的自我调节,引导学生认真自我揣摩试卷。
三、狠抓教学环节,优化课堂教学促进备考。
注意复习课的针对性。我们把复习重点放在学生的难点、弱点上以及常易出错本学期教学的启示及
反思:
(一)加强基础知识的巩固是很重要的第一步。
(二)高考试题选材求新、求异的特点要求教师注重本学科基础知识的系统性的同时,还要注意跨
学科知识渗透能力的培养。
(三)高考命题角度从知识运用、语言结构知识点的考查向语段、语篇的理解与运用能力的考查侧重,要求教师在教学中构建基础知识系统的同时注重基本技能的培养。
(四)新的书面表达评分标准鼓励学生写作时使用一些较高级的词汇和语法结构,这无疑会对中学英语起很大的促进作用。今年又第一次在写作中使用了开放性试题,改变了以往拘泥于提纲写作的形式,不仅给考生提供了更为宽广的思维空间,也有利于考生对已掌握语言的发挥,对中学英语教学有积极的指
导意义。
(五)高考英语的总趋势要求教师不断充电,迅速提升自身综合素质。
高三是每个学生关键性的一年,作为教师要针对SEFC教材的特点和高考的发展,更新观念,理清思路,科学地安排,周密地计划,在有限的时间内达到最佳复习效果。在这一学年中的教学中,虽然辛苦,但收获颇丰,反思也是多多,这一学年的历练有助于更进一步提高自己的教学水平。