高二英语必修五语法知识点第一讲

第一篇：高二英语必修五语法知识点第一讲

高二英语必修五语法知识点第一讲、过去分词做定语和表语。同时我们对这个高二英语必修五语法知识点配有同步练习题，在做试题中让同学们巩固这个英语语法知识点。

1.English is a widely used language.2.He threw away the broken cup.3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;

过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。

spoken English

= English which is spoken

terrified people

= the people who are terrified

an organized way

= a way that is organized

affected area 灾区

= the area which is affected

stolen culture relics

= culture relics that had been stolen

the book recommended by the teacher

= the book which was recommended by the teacher

printed articles

= articles that are printed

1)Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.定语

2)John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street.定语

3)He got interested in the two theories.表语

4)Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语

Past Participle as the Attribute定语 Past Participle as the Predicative表语

1.terrified people1.people who are terrified

2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved

3.polluted water3.water that is polluted

4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded

5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased

6.Astonished children6.children who look astonished

7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken

8.a closed door8.a door that is closed

9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired

10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground.(地上有许多落叶)

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)

及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。

polluted water

= water which is polluted

reserved seats

= the seats which were reserved

trapped animal

= the animal which was trapped

不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。

boiled water

= water which has boiled

fallen leaves

= the leaves which have fallen

risen sun

= the sun which has risen

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。

The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers.这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.The book _written by the farmer(一本农民写的书)is very popular.The building built last year(去年建的楼房)now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday(在昨天会议上讨论的)was very difficult to solve.The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的)is being repaired.The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill.The people exposed to the sun(暴露在阳光下的)got sunburnt.The boy punished severely by the teacher(受到老师严厉惩罚的)is now a college student.The water delivered to his home(送到他家的水)carried disease.The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years(300年前所说的).Most of the artists invited to the party(被邀请去参加聚会的)were from South Africa.The students inspired by the teacher(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.A.first played B.to be first played

C.first playing D.to be first playing

①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。

②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。

③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作

first played in 776B.C.= which was first played in 776 B.C.Consolidation 巩固

1.Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B.bought

C.been bought D.buying

2.With a lot of different problems ____，the newly-elected president is having

a hard time.A.settled B.settling

C.to settle D.being settled

3.Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known

C.to be known D.known

4.When I got back, I saw a message ____ to the door____ “Sorry to miss you;will call later.”

A.pin, read B.pinning, reading

C.pinned, reading D.pinned, read

2)作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。

The window is broken.窗户碎了。

Don’t get so excited.别这么激动。

1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。

2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。

① The glass is broken.The glass was broken by Tom.② The windows are closed.The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested，surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。

① How did the audience receive the new play?

They got very excited.② How did Bob do in the exams this time?

Well, his father seems pleased with his results.③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.作表语练习：

Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay

该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.1.The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.A.painted B.painting

C.being painted D.to be painted

2.As soon as he entered the city, he ____.A.was losing B.got losing

C.grew lost D.got lost

3.What he has done is really ____.Now his parents

are _____ him.A.disappointing;disappointed at

B.disappointing;disappointed about

C.disappointing;disappointed with

D.disappointed;disappointing by

现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别

现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义.现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成.a moving movie 感人的电影

a moved audience 被感动的观众

boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的水

boiled water

已煮沸的水

developing countries 反展中国家

developed countries 发达国家

falling leaves 落叶(正在进行)

fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成)

The child standing over there is my brother.The room facing south is our classroom.The book written by Lu Xun is very good.The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.

第二篇：英语必修五知识点总结

英语必修五知识点总结

1、have sth.in common与……有共同点in common with sb.= as with sb.和某人一样common sense常识common practice惯例common disease常见病

adj.common常见的rare罕见的ordinary平凡的special特殊的2、make a difference有很大不同；有重大的影响

3、It’s obvious to us that……显而易见

4、remark on/upon sth.= make remarks on sth.对…做评论

5、all in all总之in all = in total总计all of a sudden突然all that = what6、What fun to do sth.！= It is fun to do sth.= Have fun in doing sth.做某事有趣

make fun of sb.取笑某人

7、have difficulty/trouble/problems in doing sth.做某事有困难

8、declare war on sb.向某人宣战

9、critisize sb.for sth.批评scold责骂punish惩罚blame sb.for sth.因……责备

10、on the air正在广播in the air在空中off the air停播

in the open air在户外

11、graduate from从……毕业n.graduation12、do sb.a favor = do a favor for sb.帮忙；得了吧

13、make a fuss of sb.过分呵护某人

14、wear off消失be worn out精疲力竭wear穿；损耗

15、be particular about对……挑剔

16、apply for a job to sb.向某人申请一份工作apply to do sth.申请做某事

apply sth.to sth.应用

17、be related to sth.被连接relate to sb.结合；理解relations = relatives亲戚

18、be likely to do很可能做某事

19、the demand for sth.……的需求be in need for = be in demand of有对……的需求demanding苛刻

20、cater for迎合appeal to迎合；喜欢；吸引

21、board on ship = go aboard = go on board the ship坐船go abroad出国

22、be curious about好奇n.curiosityout of curiosity出于好奇

23、get into a panic陷入恐慌

24、have had enough of sb.忍受够了某人

25、a threat to sb.对某人来说是威胁threat to do sth.威胁，恐吓做某事

26、at the beginning of在……的开始to start with首先；开始

27、originate…from/in…起源于

28、as follows如下所述

29、pretend to do sth.假装做某事

30、prepare for为……作准备prepare the lesson准备功课in preparation for为了准备make preparations for sb.做准备be well prepared for = be ready for准备好

31、on end竖着的；连续不断的32、compete with/against sb.与某人竞争n.competitioncompetitor竞争者adj.competitive33、be tough with/on sb.对某人态度强硬

34、be based on建立在……的基础上adj.basicn.basison the bisis of由于

35、at one time曾经一度

36、in one’s nature = by nature = in one’s blood天生的in nature = in fact本质上

第三篇：高二英语必修五练习

Unit 1 Great scientists

一、单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）

1.This new e _______________for the car works well.2.The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s______________ farming.3.The doctor had my eyes e _____________for weakening.4.The meeting c________________ at eight o'clock.5.They were d _______________ in their attempt（企图）to reach the top of the mountain.6.The little brave girl e _________________ the crime（罪行）of the criminal（罪犯）。

7.He was a____________________ in the book.8.He b ____________________ me for my negligence（疏忽大意）。

9.I think you are too s_________________ on the boy.10.He finished his work in a p__________________ way.11.We must try to a________________the causes of the strike.12.He became e__________________ about classical music.13.He has c____________________the whole job already.14.Be c_________________ when you cross the street.15.You should not r_________________ the invitation from your old friend.16.The class needs a s__________________ teacher.17.Kindness is one of the prime minister's c __________________.二、短语翻译

1.提出

____________________

2.得出结论____________________

3.也，另外___________________

4.将……和……连接起来_____________

5.对……严格的____________________

6.有意义______________________

7.通向，导致___________________

8.继续工作____________________

三、完成句子

1.除了这些理由以外，他无话可说了

______________ ___________these reasons，he said nothing.2.我们的英语老师对我们要求严格。

Our English teacher_____________ __________ ___________us.3.让我们一起去听来自北京大学的李教授的演讲

Let's _________the lecture by professor Li from Beijing University.4.他的粗心大意的驾驶导致了这起严重的交通事故。

His careless driving _________ ____________the serious traffic accident.5.他捐赠食物和衣服给红十字会。

He _____________food and clothing __________the Red Cross.Unit 2 The United Kingdom 词汇专项练习

一、单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）

1.The common interests u_________________ the two countries.2.The class ___________________of（组成）56 members.3.Our class is d_______________ into two groups during the discussion.4.What he said in the meeting p______________________ all of us.5.The bad ______________（影响）of the flood is that no people are dared to swim in that river.6.The c_______________ of transportation in this area brings hope to this mountain village.7.Her beautiful singing drew the a_____________ of the professor.8.The film “Hero” has much a________________ for the youth.9.The habit of c____________________ stamps benefit him a lot.10.U______________ is a particular type of clothing worn by all the members of a group or organization such as the police，the army，etc.二、短语翻译

1.将……分成_____________________

2.省去；漏掉_______________________

3.令人吃惊的是____________________

4.脱离_________________________

三、完成句子

1.If you continue working like that，your body will________ _______（垮下来）。

2.Their____________（婚礼）will__________ _____________（举行）in May.3.这道数学题把小明给难住了，无论他怎么努力也无法计算出正确的答案。

This maths problem ___________Xiaoming.No matter how hard he tried，he couldn't _________ ___________ the right answer

4.陈水扁想把台湾从中国分裂出去的企图永远不可能得逞。

Chen Shuibian's attempt to __________Taiwan ________ ___________China could not be achieved forever.5.未来，地铁将会逐步取代公共汽车成为人们的主要交通工具。

The underground will_______ _______ _______ _______the bus to become the main vehicle for the people in the future.6.我们没有必要再浪费时间讨论去哪儿度假了，因为计划已取消了。

There is ______ __________ that we'll waste time discussing where to go for our holiday，for the plan has been cancelled.7.很使我感到高兴的是，父亲给我买了一台电脑作为生日礼物。

__________ to my joy，Father bought me a computer _______ a birthday gift

8.托尼踢足球时，他的腿受伤了。

Tonny ________one of his legs _______when playing football.9.今天下午教室里竟然一个人也没有，真是奇怪。

_______ _______ __________that there shouldn't have been any student in the classroom.Unit 3 Life in the future I.Vocabulary 1.Two men are a______________the police in their enquires.2.You will be r_______________to assist Mrs Smith in preparing a report.3.Take two of the t_________________three times daily before meals.4.Decide what you want to do, don‟t just i________________ others.5.A new factory is to be l______________________ in the city center.6.His first speech as president made a strong i_________________ on his audience.7.Applicants for the job must have p________________ experience.8.He‟s c_______________disturbing me.9.I r____________her how much the fare was.II.Useful Phrases 1.接受_______________________ 2.立刻，马上__________________ 3.消失，看不见__________________ 4.打扫，横扫___________________ 5.突然看见____________________ 6.有可能______________________ III.Complete the following sentences according to the texts.1.___________ ___________(担心)the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.2.As a result, I ___________ ___________（遭受）“time lag”.3.This ___________ ___________ ___________(与…相似)the “jet lag” you get when flying.4.I found later that their leaves __________ the house __________（给…提供）much –needed oxygen.5.They are purple or blue and the colour changes ___________ ___________（取决于，依赖于）their mood.6.Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the ___________ ___________(缺乏)fresh air.Part 4 Multiple Choice 1.Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer _________ himself LiQiang.A.called

B.calling C.to call D.call 2.______________ from the heart trouble for years, he has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A.Suffered B.Suffering

C.Having suffered D.Being suffered 3.Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to school.A.lacked

B lacking of

C.lack of D.lacking 4.One island and two lakes _______________ the country.A.make up B.makes up of C.is made up of D.consists of

5.___________ in her skirt, the little girl tried to make herself ___________ at the party.A.Dressed;notice B.Dressing;noticed C.Dressed;noticed D.Dressing;noticing

6.He is the only one of the students who _________________ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is

B.are

C.have been

D.had been 7.She was glad to have a comfortable chair ________________.A.sit

B.to sit

C.sitting D.to sit in

8.The university wants its undergraduates to _______ a regional language, if time permits A.take up

B.take after

C.take on

D.take over 9.Generally speaking, when_______ according to the directions, the medicine has no side effect.A.taken

B.taking

C.to take

D.to be taken 10.Information has been published_______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.which

B.what

C.that

D.when 11.In the traffic accident, his father came close to________.A.be killed

B.being killed

C.kill

D.killing 12.There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.A.making

B.to make

C.to have made

D.having made

Unit 4 Making the news 词汇专项练习

一、单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）

1.After graduation he took an o______________ as a teacher in the city.2.An expert is a man who is engaged in p______________ business.3.All his c______________ who work with him in the same factory are all ready to help others.4.You should c_____________ on your work when you study.5.We also can a__________________ knowledge during playing.6.He hit me on the head with a ball d_____________ which made me very angry.7.He felt g________________ after he stole some money from the old couple.8.He worked as a e________________ in that newspaper.9.She graduated from English d__________________ of Beijing University.10.Don't just say almost，nearly……，what we need is a____________ number.11.Before marrying，they always made an a ___________ in that park.12.Her father will never a_____________of her marriage to you.二、短语翻译

1.全神贯注于____________

2.因……指责或控告_____________

3.为了（做……）______________

4.依靠；依赖_________________________________________

5.传递______________________________________________

6.从事于____________________________________________

三、完成句子

1.They found that cave_________ _________（意外地, 偶然地）。

2.They are all________ ____________that idea（反对）。

3.You should concentrate yourselves on the class and avoid ________ ________.4.The famous professor has been __________ _________（指控）stealing his student's ideas and publishing them.5.What the government has done this year will be of________ _______（对… 有益）all the citizens living in Guangzhou.6.___________ had they got to the airport __________（一…就）the plane took off.Unit 5 First aid 词汇专项练习

一、单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）

1.The lung is an o________________ and so is the heart.2.He tried to kill himself by taking p_________________.3.He has gone to the hospital for special t__________________.4.I was only m_______________ interested in the story I read in the newspaper.5.Her ankle s_____________ after the fall.6.Her foot was very s_________________ after the accident.7.I can't s______________________ toothpaste out of the tube.8.What is the typical s______________________ of SARS？

9.She is suffering from a lung i___________________.10.He p________ a silver cup to the winner.11.Did you attend your uncle's wedding c__________________.12.An a________________ is a vehicle for taking people to and from hospital.13.A b_______________ is a long strip of cloth which is covered around a wounded part of someone's body to protect or support it.14.The streets in the centre of the city were c__________up with traffic because of an accident.15.The storm did a lot of d______________ to the building and crops in Hunan province.二、短语翻译

1.阻止（某人）做……___________________________

2.触感________________________________

3.挤出；榨出____________________________

4.在适当的位置______________________________

5.反复，多次____________________________

6.开展，执行___________________________________

7.找到___________________________________

8.许多，大量______________________________

9.自豪_________________________________

10.砍掉，砍伐____________________________

三、完成句子

1.He suddenly________ _________ __________ _______（昨晚他突然病了）。

2.Sunglasses can_______ ________ ________ _________ the sun' s rays（保护我们的眼睛免受……）。

3.You may __________ ______________（烫伤）by hot liquids.4.First degree burns __________ ___________when they are pressed（变成白色）。

参考答案1：

一、1.engine 2.character 3.scientific 4.examined 5.concluded

6.defended 7.exposed 8.absorbed 9.blamed 10.severe

11.positive 12.analyse 13.enthusiastic 14.completed 15.spin

16.cautious 17.reject 18.view 19.movement 20.strict 21.characteristics

22.concluded 23.expose 24.valuable 25.enthusiastic 26.defeat

27.absorbed 28.cures 29.virus 30.analyse

二、1.steam engine 2.put forward 3.draw a conclusion 4.in addiction

5.link…to

6.be strict with 7.make sense 8.lead to 9.point of view work on

三、1.Apart from 2.is strict with 3.attend 4.led to 5.contributed to 参考答案2：

一、1.united 2.consists 3.divided 4.puzzled 5.influence

6.convenience 7.attention 8.attraction 9.collecting 10.industrial

11.convenience 12.attraction 13.puzzle 14.uniform 15.suggestion

16.thrilled 17.splendid 18.debating 19.influence 20.construct

二、1.divide…into 2.The Union Jack 3.leave out

4.to one„s surprise 5.break away from

三、1.puzzle 2.project of protecting 3.arranging 4.break down

5.wedding take place 6.puzzle ； work out 7.which； tourist attraction

8.break away from 9.take the place of 10.are debating about

11.rising； setting 12.for the second time 13.looked around； putting

14.in sight 15.moved to； installed 16.no need； cancelled

17.referred to 18.Much； as 19.had hurt 20.It was strange Unit 3 Life in the future 参考答案3 Part 1

1.assisting

2.required

3.tablets

4.imitate

5.located

6.impression 7.previous

8.constantly

9.reminded Part 2

1.take up 2.in no time 3.lose sight of

4.sweep up 5.catch sight of 6.It is likely that Part 3

1.Worried about

2.suffered from

3.is similar to

4.provided;with 5.depending on

6.Confused;lack of Part 4 Multiple Choice 1-5 BCDAC 6-10 ADAAC 11-12 BB Unit 4参考答案4：

一、1.occupation 2.professional

3.colleague

4.concentrate 5.acquire

6.deliberately 7.guilty

8.editor

9.department 10.accurate

11.appointment

12.approve

二、1.Concentrate …on

2.accuse…of 3.so as to 4.depend on

5.pass on

6.work on

三、1.by accident/chance 2.opposite to 3.defend ； against

4.accused of 5.benefit to 6.Hardly； when

Unit 5

一、1.organ

2.poison

3.treatment

4.mildly

5.swelled

6.swollen

7.squeeze

8.symptom

9.infection 10.presented

11.ceremory 12.ambulance 13.bandage

14.choked 15.damage

二、1.prevent sb from doing sth 2.sense of touch 3.squeeze out 4.in place

5.over and over again 6.carry out 7.put one„s hands on

8.a number of 9.be proud of 10.cut off

三、1.fell ill last night 2.protect our eyes from

3.get burnt

4.turn white

第四篇：高二英语必修五单词表

高二英语必修五单词表 第一单元单词： characteristic 特征；特性n.2 radium 镭n.3 painter 画家n.4 put forward 提出 5 scientific 科学的adj.6 conclude 结束；推断出vt.&vi.7 conclusion 结论；结束n.8 draw a conclusion 得出结论 9 analyse 分析vt.10 infect 传染；感染vt.11 infectious 传染的adj.12 cholera 霍乱n.13 defeat 打败；受挫；使战胜vt.失败n.14 expert 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的adj.专家；行家n.15 attend 照顾；护理；出席；参加vt.16 physician 医生；内科医师n.17 expose 暴露；揭露；使曝光vt.18 expose…to 使显露；暴露vt.19 deadly 致命的adj.20 cure 治愈；痊愈n.治愈；治疗vt.21 outbreak 爆发；发作n.22 challenge 挑战n.向……挑战vt.23 victim 受害者n.24 absorb 吸收；吸引；使专心vt.25 suspect 怀疑vt.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯n.26 enquiry 询问n.27 neighborhood 附近；邻近n.28 severe 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的adj.29 clue 线索；提示n.30 pump 泵；抽水机n.（用泵）抽（水）vt.31 Cambridge street 剑桥大街 32 foresee 遇见，预知vt.33 investigate 调查vt.&vi.34 investigation 调查n.35 blame 责备；谴责vt.过失；责备n.36 pollute 污染；弄脏vt.37 handle 柄；把手n.处理；操纵vt.38 germ 微生物；细菌n.39 link 连接；联系n.40 link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来 41 announce 宣布；通告vt.42 certainty 确信；确实n.43 instruct 命令；指示；教导vt.44 responsible 有责任的；负责的adj.45 construct 建设；修建vt.46 construction 建设；建筑物n.47 contribute 捐献；贡献；捐助vt.&vi.48 apart from 除……之外；此外 49 firework 烟火（燃放）n.50 chart 图表n.51 creative 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的adj.52 co-operative 合作的adj.53 positive 积极的；肯定的；确实的adj.54 be strict with...对……严格的

Nicolaus Copernicus 尼古拉.哥白尼（波兰天文学家）56 revolutionary 革命的；重大变革的adj.57 movement 移动；运动；动作n.58 make sense 讲得通；有意义

backward 向后的（地）；相反的（地）；退步的（地）adj.&adv.60 loop 圈；环n.61 privately 私下地；秘密地adv.62 spin（spun，spun）（使）旋转；纺（线或纱）vt.&vi.63 brightness 明亮；亮度；聪颖n.64 enthusiastic 热情的；热心的adj.65 cautious 小心的；谨慎的adj.66 reject 拒绝；不接受；抛弃vt.67 universe 宇宙；世界n.第二单元单词： unite 联合；团结vi.&vt.2 kingdom 王国n.3 consist 组成；在于；一致vi.4 consist of 由……组成 London Heathrow Airport 伦敦希尔罗机场 6 province 省；行政区n.7 River Avon 埃文河 8 River Thames 泰晤士河 9 River Severn 塞文河 10 divide...into 把……分成 11 Wales 威尔士（英）12 Scotland 苏格兰（英）13 Northern 北爱尔兰（英）14 clarify 澄清；阐明vt.15 accomplish 完成；达到；实现vt.16 conflict 矛盾；冲突n.17 unwilling 不愿意（的）；不乐意（的）adj.18 break away（from）挣脱（束缚）；脱离 19 union 联合；联盟；结合；协会n.20 the Union Jack 英国国旗 21 credit 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷n.22 to one's credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下 23 currency 货币；通货n.24 institution 制度；机制；公共机构n.25 educational 教育的adj.26 convenience 便利；方便n.27 rough 粗糙的；粗暴的adj.28 roughly 粗略地；粗糙地adv.29 Midlands 英格兰中部地区 nationwide 全国性的；全国范围的adj.31 attract 吸引；引起注意vt.32 historical 历史（上）的；有关历史的adj.33 architecture 建筑学；建筑艺术n.34 Roman（古）罗马人n.（古）罗马的adj.35 collection 收藏品；珍藏；收集n.36 administration 管理；行政部门n.37 port 港口（城市）n.38 Anglo-Saxon 盎格鲁—撒克逊人n.盎格鲁—撒克逊人的adj.39 Norman 诺曼人；诺曼语n.诺曼的；诺曼人（语）的adj.40 Viking 北欧海盗；斯堪的纳维亚人n.41 countryside 乡下；农村n.42 enjoyable 令人愉快的；使人高兴的adj.43 leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 44 opportunity 机会；时机n.45 description 描写；描述n.46 furnished 配备好装备的；带家具的adj.47 fax 传真（机）n.用传真传输（文件）vt.48 possibility 可能（性）n.49 plus 加上；和perp.加的；正的；零上的adj.50 quarrel 争吵；争论；吵架n.争吵；吵架vi.51 alike 相同的；类似的adj.52 take the place of 代替

break down（机器）损坏；破坏 54 arrange 筹备；安排；整理vt.55 wedding 婚礼n.56 fold 折叠；对折vt.57 sightseeing 观光；游览n.58 delight 快乐；高兴；喜悦n.使高兴；使欣喜vt.59 royal 王室的；皇家的；高贵的adj.60 uniform 制服n.61 St Paul's Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂 62 splendid 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的adj.63 Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特大教堂（英国名人墓地）64 statue 塑像；雕像n.65 Buckingham palace 白金汉宫 66 Greenwich 格林尼治（英城市）n.67 longitude 经线；经度n.68 imaginary 想象中的；假象的；虚构的adj.69 navigation 导航；航行n.70 Highgate Cemetery 海格特墓地（英伦敦北郊，内有马克思及其家人的坟墓）71 communism 共产主义n.72 original 最初的；原始的；独创的；新颖的adj.73 thrill 使激动；使胆战心惊vt.74 pot 罐；壶n.75 error 错误；过失；谬误n.76 tense 时态n.77 consistent 一致的adj.第三单元单词： 1 aspect 方面；层面n.2 impression 印象；感想；印记n.3 take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续 4 constant 时常发生的；连续不断的adj.5 constantly 不断地adv.6 jet 喷气式飞机n.7 jet lag 飞行时差反应 8 flashback 闪回；倒叙n.9 previous 在前的；早先的adj.10 uncertain 不确切的；无把握的adj.11 guide 指导；向导；导游n.指引；指导vt.12 tablet 药片n.13 expertise 专家意见；专门知识（技能等）n.14 capsule 太空舱；胶囊n.15 steward 乘务员；服务员n.16 stewardess 女乘务员n.17 opening（出入的）通道；开口；开端n.18 sideways 往（向、从）一侧；侧着；一面朝前adv.19 surrounding 周围的事物；环境n.周围的adj.20 tolerate 容忍；忍受vt.21 combination 结合；组合n.22 lack 缺乏；没有vt.&vi.缺乏；短缺的东西n.23 adjustment 调整；调节n.24 mask 面具；面罩；伪装n.25 be back on one's feet（困境后）恢复；完全复原 26 hover 盘旋vi.27 carriage 运输工具；四轮马车；客车n.28 press 按；压；逼迫vt.&vi.按；压；印刷；新闻n.29 fasten 系牢；扎牢vt.30 belt 腰带；皮带n.31 safety belt 安全带 32 lose sight of...看不见…… 33 sweep up 打扫；横扫

flash（使）闪光；（使）闪现vt.&vi.35 switch 开关；转换n.转换vt.36 timetable 时间表；时刻表n.37 exhausted 筋疲力尽的；疲倦不堪的adj.38 slide into（快捷而悄声地）移动；溜进…… 39 optimistic 乐观（主义）的adj.40 pessimistic 悲观（主义）的adj.41 speed up 加速 42 pedal 踏板；脚蹬n.43 alien 外星人；外国人n.陌生的；外国的；外星球的adj.44 mud 泥（浆）n.45 desert 沙漠；荒原n.46 enormous 巨大的；庞大的adj.47 imitate 模仿；仿造vt.48 moveable 可移动的；活动的adj.49 citizen 公民；居民；市民n.50 typist 打字员n.51 typewriter 打字机n.52 postage 邮资n.53 postcode 邮政编码n.54 button 纽扣,按钮n.55 instant 瞬间；片刻n.立即的；立刻的adj.56 receiver 接收者；接收器；电话听筒n.57 efficiency 效率；功效n.58 efficient 效率高的；有能力的adj.59 ribbon 丝带；带状物n.60 dustbin 垃圾桶n.61 dispose 布置；安排vt.62 disposal 清除；处理n.63 ecology 生态；生态学n.64 greedy 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的adj.65 swallow 吞下；咽下vt.66 material 原料；材料n.67 recycle 回收利用；再利用vt.68 manufacture（用机器）大量生产；成批制造vt.69 goods 货物n.70 etc 诸如此类；等等abbr.71 representative 代表；典型人物n.典型的；有代表性的adj.72 settlement 定居；解决n.73 motivation 动机n.第四单元： journalist 记者；新闻工作者n.2 involve 牵涉；涉及；包括；使参与（卷入）……vt.3 editor 编辑n.4 photograph 照片n.给……照相vt.5 photographer 摄影师n.6 photography 摄影n.7 unforgettable 难忘的；永远记得的adj.8 assignment 任务；分配n.9 delighted 快乐的；欣喜的adj.10 admirable 值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的adj.11 unusual 不同寻常的；独特的adj.12 assist 帮助；协助；援助vt.13 assistant 助手；助理；售货员n.14 submit 递交；呈递（文件等）vt.15 profession 职业；专业n.16 professional 专业的；职业的adj.专业人员n.17 colleague 同事n.18 eager 渴望的；热切的adj.19 concentrate 集中；聚集vt.20 concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于 21 amateur 业余爱好者n.22 update 更新；使现代化vt.23 acquire 获取；取得；学到vt.24 assess 评估；评定vt.25 inform 告知；通知vt.26 deadline 最后期限n.27 interviewee 参加面试者；接受访问者n.28 meanwhile 期间；同时adv.29 depend on 依靠；依赖 30 case 情况；病例；案例n.31 accuse 指责；谴责；控告n.32 accuse...of 因……指责或控告…… 33 accusation 指责；谴责；控告vt.34 deliberately 故意地adv.35 so as to(do sth)为了（做）…… 36 deny 否认；拒绝vt.37 sceptical 怀疑的（<美>skeptical）adj.38 guilty 犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的adj.39 dilemma（进退两难的）困境；窘境n.40 demand 需求；要求n.强烈要求vt.41 demanding 要求很高的；费力的adj.42 publish 出版；发行；发表；公布vt.43 scoop 抢先获得的新闻、利润等；勺子；铲子n.44 section 部分；节n.45 concise 简明的；简练的adj.46 imaginative 富于想象力的adj.47 technically 技术上；工艺上adv.48 thorough 彻底的；详尽的adj.49 gifted 有天赋的adj.50 idiomatic 惯用的；呵护语言习惯的adj.51 housewife 家庭主妇n.52 crime 罪行；犯罪n.53 edition 版（本）；版次n.54 ahead of 在……前面

department 部门；部；处；系n.56 accurate 精确的；正确的adj.57 senior 年长的；高年级的；高级的adj.58 polish 擦亮；磨光；润色vt.59 chief 主要的；首席的adj.首领；长官n.60 approve 赞成；认可；批准vt.61 process 加工；处理vt.过程；程序；步骤n.62 negative 底片；否定n.否定的；消极的adj.63 appointment 约会；任命n.第五单元单词： aid 帮助；援助；资助n.&vt.2 first aid（对伤患者的）急救 3 temporary 暂时的；临时的adj.4 fall ill 生病 injury 损伤；伤害n.6 bleed（bled,bled）流血vt.&vi.7 nosebleed 鼻出血；流鼻血n.8 sprain 扭伤 9 sprained 扭伤的adj.10 ankle 踝（关节）n.11 choke（使）咽住；（使）窒息vt.&vi.12 cupboard 橱柜；衣柜n.13 skin 皮；皮肤n.14 essential 最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的adj.15 organ 器官n.16 layer 层；层次n.17 barrier 屏障；障碍（物）n.18 poison 毒药；毒害n.毒害；使中毒vt.19 ray 光线；射线n.20 complex 复杂的adj.21 variety 变化；多样（化）；多变（性）n.22 liquid 液体n.23 radiation 辐射；射线n.24 mild 轻微的；温和的；温柔的adj.25 mildly 轻微地；温和地adv.26 pan平底锅；盘子n.27 stove 炉子；火炉n.28 heal（使）康复；（使）化解vt.&vi.29 tissue（生物）组织；薄的织物；手巾纸n.30 electric shock 触电；电休克

swell（swelled,swellen）（使）膨胀；隆起vt.&vi.32 swollen 肿胀的adj.33 blister 水泡n.（使）起泡vt.&vi.34 watery（似）水的adj.35 char 烧焦vi.36 nerve 神经；胆量n.37 scissors 剪刀n.38 unbearable 难以忍受的；不能容忍的adj.39 basin 盆；盆地n.40 squeeze 榨；挤；压榨vt.&vi.41 squeeze out 榨出；挤出 42 over and over again 反复；多次 43 bandage 绷带n.44 in place 在适当的位置；适当 45 ointment 要高；油膏n.46 infection 传染；传染病；感染n.47 vital 至关重要的；生死攸关的adj.48 symptom 症状；征兆n.49 label 加标签或标记；分类vt.标签；标记n.50 kettle（水）壶；罐n.51 pour 倒；灌；注；涌vt.&vi.52 wrist 手腕n.53 damp 潮湿的adj.54 Casey 凯西（姓）55 sleeve 袖子n.56 blouse 女衬衫n.57 tight 牢的；紧的；紧密的adj.58 tightly 紧地；牢牢地adv.59 firm（动作）稳定有力的；坚定的adj.60 firmly 坚固地；稳定地adv.61 throat 咽喉；喉咙n.62 Janson 詹森（姓）63 ceremony 典礼；仪式；礼节n.64 bravery 勇敢；勇气n.65 Slade 斯莱德（姓）66 stab 刺；戳；刺伤vt.&vi.67 a number of 若干；许多 68 put one's hands of 找到

treat 治疗；对待；款待vt.&vi.款待；对待n.70 apply 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vt.申请；请求；使用；有效vi.71 pressure 压力；积压；压迫（感）n.72 ambulance 救护车n.73 scheme 方案；计划n.74 Southerton 萨瑟顿（姓）

make a difference 区别对待；有影响；其（重要）作用

第五篇：第一讲教案：趣味语法

第一讲

趣味语法

（教案）

教学目标：用轻松幽默的方式与深入浅出的理念让孩子们初步了解语法的概念，理解语法知识的体系，为以后深入系统的语法学习做准备。

教学重难点：句子成分的划分，虚词的概念理解，代词和副词的用法，各类短语的理解。

一、【课前动员】：为什么要学习语法

据老师所知，很多同学初三毕业了都不懂形声字，错别字连篇，却不知为什么是“错字”、“别字”；许多学生连词性都辨不清；句子较短还好说，句子一长，许多学生抓不住句子的主干，不能提取句子传递的主要信息，写作文的时候因为不注意语法，常常词不达意，不知所云……

这样看来，咱们的作文和现代文阅读，以及文言文都是和语文的语法息息相关的，在学校里，由于考试不直接考语法，你们的老师就没有这些内容教给你们，而你们来到巨人，我们要教会你们在学校所学不到的知识。

二、什么是语法

语法，是词、短语、句子组合的规则、规律。简单来说，语法家族有三大成员：词、短语、句子。

【想一想】如果把三个成员排一个座位，谁是大哥哥，谁是小弟弟。

（词构成了短语，短语与词构成了句子，因此句子应该是最大也是最复杂的语法结构）

三、词（教学的主要内容）【找一找】

下面句子中一共有几个词？

1.只要翻过那座山，就能看见大海。2.鞭梢儿噼啪噼啪响，陀螺滴溜滴溜转。

在词的王国里有两大“帮派”，一个叫做“实词”，一个叫“虚词”。

“实词”的最大特点在于它们有实在意义。（它们能够单独充当句子成分，是能单独回答问题的词语。）

“实词帮派”的几名“重要人物”是：名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词和代词。细心的你可以发现，它们中的每一个都具有实在意义，可以单独使用。

“虚词帮派”的最大特点是没有完整的词汇意义，一般不能单独使用（但有语法意义或功能意义）。

它的“重量人物”包括：副词、介词、连词、助词、语气词、象声词。

【难点答疑】

A． 数词和量词的区别

请同学们用自己的话说一说，并举几个例子

通常一组数量词，前面的数字是数词，后面的单位或者度量衡是量词。B． 实词中的“代词”以及虚词中的“副词”。教你一招：用每种词的名称去记忆其大概的用法。

（在实际的学习与生活中，我们并不会过多接触他们，因此只要求同学们了解即可。）“代词”有“代替其他词”的意思，分三大类：(1)人称代词，如：我、他们、汝、吾辈；(2)疑问代词，如：谁、怎么；(3)指示代词，如：这、那里、此、如此。

“副词” 的“副”是“辅助”的意思，常限制、修饰动词、形容词性词语，表示程度、范围、时间等意义。例如：很、非常、也、都、已经、早已、不、没有、忽然、猛然、公然、果然、竟然。

C．介词与动词的区分 他为谁 为大家。（动词）

我们为人民服务。（介词）

学校的大门朝南。（动词）

学校的大门朝南开着。（介词）

今天我们比技巧。（动词）

你比他强。（介词）

计划通过了。（动词）

通过学习，我们提高了认识。（介词）

【练一练】

为下面的几组词归类

我、好像、九

十九、和、华丽、按照、非常、啊、郁闷、个、只、件、的、仅仅

实词——

虚词——

四、短语（了解即可，不是教学重点，其中有难点。）

短语（词组）是指由两个以上的词语组合而成的语法单位。

（1）并列短语：由两个或由两个以上的名词、动词或形容词等并列组成的短语，基本结构有名+名、名+代、代+代、动+动、形+形、数量+数量。

例：文化教育 今天或明天（名词短语）调查研究 愿意并实行（动词短语）光辉灿烂 庄严肃穆（形容词短语）我和他 这样那样

（2）偏正短语：偏正短语又叫偏正词组，是由修饰语和中心语组成，结构成分之间有修饰与被修饰关系的短语。

有如下结构：形+动、副+动、数量+动、副+形。如：（祖国）大地（一朵）茶花（前进）的步伐 如：[很]好看 [独立]思考 [慢慢]地走

（3）动宾短语：动词后边带上一个受动词支配的词，组成一个短语，这种短语叫做动宾短语。基本结构：动+名、动+代。

如：消灭敌人、放下包袱、丢下它、发展生产、进行斗争、骗取信任、恢复平静

（4）主谓短语：基本结构：名（代）+动、名（代）+形、名（代）+疑问代词、特殊的有：名+名

如：觉悟提高、思想解放、阳光灿烂、心情舒畅

（5）介宾短语：由介词加上后面的名词、代词或名词短语组成。基本结构：介词+名词、介词+代词。

为人民（服务）、对群众（说）、从现在（起）、关于课堂纪律问题、当黎明到来的时候、按规定（办理）、把大门（推开）。

（6）“的”字短语：由动词、形容词、动宾短语加上“的”构成。基本结构：动词+的、形容词+的、动宾短语+的。

【练一练】 给你几个句子，你能找几个典型的实词和虚词，以及短语？ 1.我站在一旁，心里却涌出一种捅马蜂窝的强烈渴望。

2.在他的耳畔——或许是他的内心深处——已经开始轻轻回荡起大海的涛声。

3．兔儿爷的外貌就很奇特，兔脸儿，人身子，那样子格外引人遐想。

五、句子（教学重难点）

句子是语言运用的基本单位，它由词、词组(短语)构成，能表达一个完整的意思，如告诉别人一件事，提出一个问题，表示要求，表示某种感慨等。

跟英语句子成分中的“七大元帅”不同，咱们中文显得要简单一点点，因为它只有六个成分。他们是主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语，也就是我们常说的“主谓宾定状补”，主语

定义：主语是句子陈述或说明的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

符号：双行线“ ═ ”

【试一试】

用主语的符号将下列句子中的主语标出。⑴中国人民志气高。

⑵提高整个中华民族的科学文化水平是亿万人民群众的切身事业。

谓语

定义：用来说明陈述主语。

特点：A、经常由动词、形容词充当。

B、一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。

例如：他们正在排练节目。（排练，动词作谓语）

鱼儿在河里游泳。（在河里游泳，动词性短语作谓语）

山上的树又绿了。（绿，形容词作谓语）

符号：单行线“ _____”

【试一试】

用谓语的符号将下列句子中得谓语标出来。这里的黎明静悄悄。

外面天气很热，别中暑了。

宾语

有“主”就有“宾”，因此宾语就是主语的动作对象（表示谓语动词的涉及的对象）。

特点：A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语“怎么样”或

“是什么”。

符号：波浪线 ﹏﹏。

（凡能愿动词，如“希望、想、可以、说”等词后面的一般都作宾语处理。

定语

定义：用在主语和宾语前面，起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。

特点：A、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。B、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字 连接。

符号：小括号（）。

如：（暖和）的阳光照着（平静）的湖水。（形容词作定语）

我给大家讲（一个）故事。（数量词作定语）

（今天）的报纸看过吗？（名词作定语）

（我们）的历史有（自己）的特点。（代词作定语）

状语（难点）

定义：用在动词、形容词谓语前，用来修饰主语和宾语。

特点：A、经常由副词、形容词、动词、表示处所和时间的名词和方位词充当。B、一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。

符号：中括号 [ ]。

例句：（括号内为状语）

他[已经]走了。

咱们[北京]见。

歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆。

科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权。

补语（难点）

定义：谓语后面的附加成分，对谓语起补充说明作用，回答“怎么样”、“多久”、“多

少”（时间、处所、结果）之类问题的语言单位。

特点：A、经常由动词、形容词副词充当。

B、一般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。

符号：单书名号〈 〉。

一般完整的句子成分的排列为：

定语（修饰主语）主语 状语 谓语 补语 定语（修饰宾语）宾语

【趣味语文】（很重要，让学生朗读并理解）

主谓宾，定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。

主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。

定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。

状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。

基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。

【练一练】

（教材上的划分句子成分练习）