大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练(一)[大全五篇]

第一篇：大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练(一)

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Passage 1 Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea ,there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question ”what is at the bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way.In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea.Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1、The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ____________________.A)an academic aspect B)a military aspect C)a business aspect D)an international aspect

2、It was _______________________that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A)the American Navy B)some early intercontinental travelers C)those who earned a living from the sea

D)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable

3、The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________ A)to make some sounding experiments in the oceans B)to collect sample of sea plants and animals C)to estimate the length of cable that was needed

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D)to measure the depths of the two oceans

4、”Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_________________” A)doubted B)gave proof to C)challenged D)agreed to

5、This passage is mainly about_________________ A)the beginnings of oceanography B)the laying of the first undersea cable B)the investigation of ocean depths D)the early intercontinental communications

Passage 1(The original text translating)

海洋学的定义是“庆用所有的科学来研究海洋”

１９世纪以前，极少有科学家对研究海洋感兴趣，当然，牛顿在他的作品中对海洋做了一些理论方面的探讨，但他并不情愿自己去海边作进一步的研究。对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期穿越洲际的旅行家们以及依靠海洋维持生计的人，几乎找不出理由要提出关于海洋的问题，更不会问海洋表面下还有些什么东西。人们第一次必须回答“海洋底部是什么？”（１）这个问题是有商业上的后果的，当时有人提议要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的电报缆线。工程师们必须了解路线的纵深起伏形状，才可以估计需要制造多长的电缆。

Passage 1 Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea ,there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.The first time that the question ”what is at the bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.免费？宅在家学英语？怎么报名？

Within a few years oceanography was under way.In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea.Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1、The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ____________________.A)an academic aspect B)a military aspect C)a business aspect D)an international aspect

2、It was _______________________that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A)the American Navy B)some early intercontinental travelers C)those who earned a living from the sea

D)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable

3、The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840 was_______________ A)to make some sounding experiments in the oceans B)to collect sample of sea plants and animals C)to estimate the length of cable that was needed D)to measure the depths of the two oceans

4、”Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “_________________” A)doubted B)gave proof to C)challenged D)agreed to

5、This passage is mainly about_________________ A)the beginnings of oceanography B)the laying of the first undersea cable B)the investigation of ocean depths D)the early intercontinental communications

Passage 1(The original text translating)

海洋学的定义是“庆用所有的科学来研究海洋”

１９世纪以前，极少有科学家对研究海洋感兴趣，当然，牛顿在他的作品中对海洋做了一些理论方面的探讨，但他并不情愿自己去海边作进一步的研究。对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期穿越洲际的旅行家们以及依靠海洋维持生计的人，几乎找不出理由要提出关于海洋的问题，更不会问海洋表面下还有些什么东西。人们第一次必须回答“海洋底部是什么？”（１）这个问题是有商业上的后果的，当时有人提议要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的电报缆线。工程师们必须了解路线的纵深起伏形状，才可以估计需要制造多长的电缆。

（２）由于美国海军的莫里（Maury），大西洋电报公司才在１８５３年得到了这方面的信息。１９世纪４０年代，（３）莫里负责推动进行测探工作的海上航

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行，以此来调查北大西洋与太平洋的深度。此后，他出了一本叫做《海洋的自然地貌》的书，在这本书里他提到的一些发现激起了人们很大的兴趣。

人们铺设了电缆，但直到１８６６年，才有了固定而且可靠的连接。在早期的努力中，电缆坏了，而当它被拉出来维修时，人们发现其表面覆盖着（４）活的生物。这一事实挑战了当时的一种科学观点，即海洋较深层是不存在生命的。海洋学在此后几年内发展起来。１８７２年，汤姆森（Thomson），带头进行了一项科学考察，历时４年，从海洋带回了数以千计的标本。科学家们花了数年时间将它们分类并进行分析，写出了一个长达五卷的报告，其中最后一卷于１８９５年出版。

１、从欧洲到美洲铺设电报缆线的提议使得海洋学研究是从_______出发的Ａ）学术角度

Ｂ）军事角度 Ｃ）商业角度 Ｄ）国际角度 ２、向莫里要求得到海洋学研究方面帮助的是____________ Ａ）美国海军

Ｂ）一些早期的穿越大洲的旅行家

Ｃ）依靠海洋维持生计的人

Ｄ）提议铺设一条海底电缆的公司

３、１９世纪４０年代，莫里负责的海上航行的目的是要____________ Ａ）在海上进行测探实验

Ｂ）收集海洋动植物的标本

Ｃ）估测所需电缆的长度

Ｄ）测量两个海洋的深度 ４、第五段的“ field ”一词可能的意思是___________ Ａ）置疑

Ｂ）证明

Ｃ）挑战

Ｄ）同意 ５、这一段文章主要是关于____________ Ａ）海洋学的起步

Ｂ）第一条海底电缆的铺设 Ｃ）对海洋深度的研究 Ｄ）早期的洲际交流

“成千上万人疯狂下载。。。

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第二篇：大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练(十四)

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Passage 13 Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitively areas such as attention and memory.This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in.And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives.“The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging.“Most of us don’t need that kind of skill.Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintainmental alertness.” Fozard and others say they challenge their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups.Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well.Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted.“The point is, you need to do both.” Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”

61.People who are cognitively healthy are those________ A)who can remember large amounts of information B)who are highly intelligent C)whose minds are alert and receptive D)who are good at recognizing different sounds 62.According to Fozard’s argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by___ A)constantly doing memory work B)taking part in various mental activities C)going through specific training D)making frequent adjustments 63.The findings of James and other scientists in their work_______ A)remain a theory to be further proved

B)have been challenged by many other experts C)have been generally accepted D)are practiced by the researchers themselves 64.Older people are generally advised to _______ A)keep fit by going in for physical activities B)keep mentally active by challenging their brains C)maintain mental alertness through specific training D)maintain a balance between individual and group activities 65.What is the passage mainly about? A)How biochemical changes occur in the human brain

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B)Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally C)How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health D)Why people should receive special mental training as they age.Passage 13 研究学者已经得出观点，当人们精神上投入时，大脑中也会发生生人变化，使它在注意力和记忆力这样的认知领域动作效率更高。这一事实与年龄无关。（６１）当人们面对可以联想到感兴趣事物的信息时，便会警觉起来，接受能力强。而习惯于多进行这种活动的人比那些从来没有积极主动思考的人在步入老年时明显更加健康。许多专家确信，向大脑提出挑战是极有好处的，因此他们将这一理论应于自己身上。国立老化研究所的副主任（６２）James Fozard说：“关键不是非得学会记忆大量的信息。我们大多数人并不需要那种技巧。这种特别的培训没有保持精神集中的能力更加有趣。”（６３）Fozard与其他人都宣称他们用各种不同的精神技巧向自己的大脑提出挑战，不仅因为他们喜欢这样，还因为他们确信自己的活动领域有助于大脑工作的方式。

Gene Cohen是同一研究所的代理主任，他建议年纪较大的人参加脑力与体力活动时应使独自参与和集体行动兼而有之。Cohen说（６４）我们通常得到的建议时在年纪增长时要保持身体上的活动，但老人也需要保持精神上的活力。这样做的人更有可能保持其智力水平，通常更加愉快，能更好地调节自己的生活。Cohen说，“关键是，你得双管齐下。智力行为的确对脑细胞的健康与大小有影响。”

Passage 13 Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitively areas such as attention and memory.This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in.And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives.“The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging.“Most of us don’t need that kind of skill.Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintainmental alertness.” Fozard and others say they challenge their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups.Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well.Those who do are more likely to maintain their intell ectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted.“The point is, you need to do both.” Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually

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influences brain-cell health and size.”

61.People who are cognitively healthy are those________ A)who can remember large amounts of information B)who are highly intelligent C)whose minds are alert and receptive D)who are good at recognizing different sounds 62.According to Fozard’s argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by___ A)constantly doing memory work B)taking part in various mental activities C)going through specific training D)making frequent adjustments 63.The findings of James and other scientists in their work_______ A)remain a theory to be further proved

B)have been challenged by many other experts C)have been generally accepted D)are practiced by the researchers themselves 64.Older people are generally advised to _______ A)keep fit by going in for physical activities B)keep mentally active by challenging their brains C)maintain mental alertness through specific training D)maintain a balance between individual and group activities 65.What is the passage mainly about? A)How biochemical changes occur in the human brain B)Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally C)How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health D)Why people should receive special mental training as they age.Passage 13 研究学者已经得出观点，当人们精神上投入时，大脑中也会发生生人变化，使它在注意力和记忆力这样的认知领域动作效率更高。这一事实与年龄无关。（６１）当人们面对可以联想到感兴趣事物的信息时，便会警觉起来，接受能力强。而习惯于多进行这种活动的人比那些从来没有积极主动思考的人在步入老年时明显更加健康。许多专家确信，向大脑提出挑战是极有好处的，因此他们将这一理论应于自己身上。国立老化研究所的副主任（６２）James Fozard说：“关键不是非得学会记忆大量的信息。我们大多数人并不需要那种技巧。这种特别的培训没有保持精神集中的能力更加有趣。”（６３）Fozard与其他人都宣称他们用各种不同的精神技巧向自己的大脑提出挑战，不仅因为他们喜欢这样，还因为他们确信自己的活动领域有助于大脑工作的方式。

Gene Cohen是同一研究所的代理主任，他建议年纪较大的人参加脑力与体力活动时应使独自参与和集体行动兼而有之。Cohen说（６４）我们通常得到的建议时在年纪增长时要保持身体上的活动，但老人也需要保持精神上的活力。这样做的人更有可能保持其智力水平，通常更加愉快，能更好地调节自己的生活。Cohen说，“关键是，你得双管齐下。智力行为的确对脑细胞的健康与大小有影响。”

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６１、明显健康的人是那些______________ Ａ）可以记住大量信息的人

Ｂ）非常聪明的人

Ｃ）思维警觉，接受能力强的人

Ｄ）擅长分辨不同声音的人 ６２、根据Fozard的观点，人们通过_______可以让大脑更加高效的工作。Ａ）一直做记忆性的工作

Ｂ）参加各种脑力活动 Ｃ）进行特别的培训

Ｄ）经常进行调整 ６３、James与其他科学家在研究中的发现_________ Ａ）还是有待证明的理论

Ｂ）受到许多其他专家的挑战 Ｃ）已广为人接受

Ｄ）被他们自己应用 ６４、老年人通常得到的建议是_________ Ａ）坚持体能锻炼以保持身体健康

Ｂ）向他们大脑提出挑战，以保持精神上的活跃 Ｃ）通过特别的培训来保持精神警觉 Ｄ）在独自活动与集体活动之间保持平衡 ６５、本文的中心思想是什么？

Ａ）人脑中的生化变化是如何发生的

Ｂ）为什么人应该保持身体与精神两方面的活跃 Ｃ）智力行为如何影响脑细胞的健康

Ｄ）为什么人应该在年龄增长时接受特别的精神培训

“成千上万人疯狂下载。。。

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第三篇：大学英语四级考试阅读材料每日一练(十三)

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Passage 14 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market.Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day.“It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,” he says.“Resumes arrive with stains.Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly.Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ” Crossley concludes.If they cannot take of these details.“Why should we trust them with a job?”

Can we pay too much attention to detail? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward.“To keep from losing the forest for the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.”

Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA.“The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,” says Garfield.“But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.” Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break.But rarely is success so mysterious.Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.66.According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected________ A)because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume B)because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume C)because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications D)because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves 67.The word “perfectionists”(Line 1, Para 3)refers to those who________ A)demand others to get everything absolutely right B)know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances C)pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives D)are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do 68.Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader? A)Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked B)Don’t forget details when drawing pictures

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C)Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.D)Careless applicants are not to be trusted.69.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that_______ A)minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives B)failure is the mother of success C)adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work D)keeping one’s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked 70.The best title for this passage would be _________ A)Don’t Be a Perfectionist B)Importance of Adjustments C)Details and Major Objectives D)Hard Work Plus Good Luck

Passage 14 每个人都可以，而且应该对细节加以注意——尤其是在供过于求的就业市场上，Bob Crossley是一名人力资源专家，他在每日放到桌上的就职申请中注意到了这一点。他说道：“有许多候选人自己把自己给淘汰了，其人数之多令人吃惊。”（６６）简历送来时不够清洁，有污点。有些候选人把公司的名字拼错了。“我只要看到一个错误，就把候选人淘汰掉了。”Crossley总结到，“如果他们连这样的细节都注意不到，我们凭什么在工作中相信他们呢？”

Passage 14 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market.Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day.“It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,” he says.“Resumes arrive with stains.Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly.Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ” Crossley concludes.If they cannot take of these details.“Why should we trust them with a job?”

Can we pay too much attention to detail? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward.“To keep from losing the forest for the trees,” says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.”

Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA.“The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,” says Garfield.“But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.” Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break.But rarely is success so mysterious.Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.66.According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected________

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A)because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume B)because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume C)because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications D)because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves 67.The word “perfectionists”(Line 1, Para 3)refers to those who________ A)demand others to get everything absolutely right B)know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances C)pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives D)are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do 68.Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader? A)Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked B)Don’t forget details when drawing pictures C)Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.D)Careless applicants are not to be trusted.69.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that_______ A)minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives B)failure is the mother of success C)adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work D)keeping one’s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked 70.The best title for this passage would be _________ A)Don’t Be a Perfectionist B)Importance of Adjustments C)Details and Major Objectives D)Hard Work Plus Good Luck

Passage 14 每个人都可以，而且应该对细节加以注意——尤其是在供过于求的就业市场上，Bob Crossley是一名人力资源专家，他在每日放到桌上的就职申请中注意到了这一点。他说道：“有许多候选人自己把自己给淘汰了，其人数之多令人吃惊。”（６６）简历送来时不够清洁，有污点。有些候选人把公司的名字拼错了。“我只要看到一个错误，就把候选人淘汰掉了。”Crossley总结到，“如果他们连这样的细节都注意不到，我们凭什么在工作中相信他们呢？”

我们对细节过分地注意会不会太过分呢？当然会。（６７）完美主义者以自己工作的较大目标为代价在小事情上纠缠不休。“为几棵树而放弃了森林”，在圣弗朗西斯科的加州大学副教授Charles Garfield说，“我们必须不断地问自己，我们关注的细节怎样与更大的事业相吻合。如果不符合的话，就应该丢下它们，去做其他的事情。”

Garfield将这一过程与他在国家航空宇航局任计算机科学家的工作相比较。“阿波罗二号向月球发射时有９０％的时间都稍稍偏离了航道，”Garfield说，“但还是有可能成功着陆的，因为我们知道目标的确切坐标。这使得我们在必要时可以做

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出调整。”（６９）知道我们想去的地方是什么有助于我们判断我们从事的任务的重要性。

我们过于经常地相信，他们的成功是源自某些特别的秘密或是幸运的机遇。但成功很少有这么神奇。我们反复看到，（６８）在我们力所能及的范围做好小事情，随后就会得到大回报。

６６、根据本文，有些申请职位的人被拒绝________ A)是因为他们不够细心，这一点从他们送交的不够清洁的简历中可以看出 B)是因为他们所受的教育不够，这一点从他们简历中糟糕的拼写中可以看出 C)是因为他们在申请时没有详细描述他们的背景

D)是因为他们自己把自己的名字从申请人名单中删除了

６７、perfectionists这个词（第三段第２行）指那些_____的人。

A)要求别人绝对做好每一件事

B)知道如何根据情况调整目标 C)对细节过分关注，而忽略了主要目标

D)无论做什么都能达到完美的效果

６８、下面哪个是作者对读者的建议？

A)虽然对细节过于关注可能代价过高，它们也不应被忽略 B)画图时别忘了细节

C)在从事一项任务之前要想清楚它的重要性 D)不细心的申请者不会被信任

６９、阿波罗二号向月球发射的例子是为了说明________-A)在向主要目标进发时小错误可以忽略

B)失败是成功之母 C)调整是成功做好一切工作的关键

D)在心里保持一个目标对于决定什么样的细节可以被忽略很有用 ７０、本文最好的标题应是________-A)别做完美主义者

B)调整的重要性 C)细节与主要目标

D)努力工作加好运

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Passage 18 Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food.The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s opinion.But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty.We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi.These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers.Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other.We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi;then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand.In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials.The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 to 27 identified all four samples correctly.While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.Two people got all four samples wrong.Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor.Our preference test result suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.86.According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _______ A)find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking B)reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers C)show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work D)compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 87.The statistics recorded in the preference tests show_______ A)Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks B)There is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C)Few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D)People’s tastes differ from one another 88.It is implied in the first paragraph that________ A)the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas B)the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies C)the competition between the two colas is very strong D)blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 89.The word “burnout”(Line 4, Para.5)here refers to the state of _________

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A)being seriously burnt in the skin B)being unable to burn for lack of fuel C)being badly damaged by fire D)being unable to function because of excessive use 90.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to _________ A)show that taste preference is highly subjective B)argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C)emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D)recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas

Passage 18（９０）味觉是极为主观的东西，因而我们通常不会做对食品喜好程度的测试。我们能对任何人的偏好所说的最多的，便是那是个人意见。（８８）但因为两大可乐公司——可口可乐与百事可乐的销售是如此的具有攻击性，（８６）我们不由地想知道对味道的偏好在品牌忠诚度上实际起了多大的作用。我们开始了一项味觉测试，它会挑战那些自称是可口可乐或是百事可乐的拥护者的人：蒙眼尝味来发现你喜爱的品牌。

Passage 18 Taste is such a subjective matter that we don’t usually conduct preference tests for food.The most you can say about anyone’s preference, is that it’s one person’s opinion.But because the two big cola companies-Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we’ve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty.We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi.These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers.Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other.We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi;then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they cou)ld recognize their brand.In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials.The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 to 27 identified all four samples correctly.While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.Two people got all four samples wrong.Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor.Our preference test result suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.86.According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _______ A)find out the role taste preference plays in a person’s drinking B)reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers

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C)show that a person’s opinion about taste is mere guess-work D)compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 87.The statistics recorded in the preference tests show_______ A)Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people’s two most favorite drinks B)There is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi C)Few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi D)People’s tastes differ from one another 88.It is implied in the first paragraph that________ A)the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas B)the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies C)the competition between the two colas is very strong D)blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans 89.The word “burnout”(Line 4, Para.5)here refers to the state of _________ A)being seriously burnt in the skin B)being unable to burn for lack of fuel C)being badly damaged by fire D)being unable to function because of excessive use 90.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to _________ A)show that taste preference is highly subjective B)argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C)emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D)recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas

Passage 18（９０）味觉是极为主观的东西，因而我们通常不会做对食品喜好程度的测试。我们能对任何人的偏好所说的最多的，便是那是个人意见。（８８）但因为两大可乐公司——可口可乐与百事可乐的销售是如此的具有攻击性，（８６）我们不由地想知道对味道的偏好在品牌忠诚度上实际起了多大的作用。我们开始了一项味觉测试，它会挑战那些自称是可口可乐或是百事可乐的拥护者的人：蒙眼尝味来发现你喜爱的品牌。

我们请了一批志愿者，他们对传统可口可乐、百事可乐、低糖可乐与低糖百事四者中的一种十分喜爱。他们都认为自己可以毫不费力把自己喜爱的牌子与其它牌子区分开来。

我们最终确定了１９名普通可乐饮用者与２７名低糖可乐饮用者。

然后我们给他们喝四种不知种类的可乐样品，每次一种，一组喝普通可乐，另一组喝低糖可乐。我们请他们说出每种样品是可口可乐还是百事可乐；然后以统计的角度分析数据，以把参加测试者的选择与猜测相比较。我们认为把四种样品都判断正确可不容易，但也不算困难，因为这些人都相信自己可以分辨出自己喜爱的品牌。（８７）结果，１９个普通可乐饮用者中只有７个正确地在全部四个测试样品中区分出了自己喜爱的品牌。低糖可乐饮用者做得更糟，２７个人中只有７个人把全部四个都判断对了。

两组的结果都比随机猜测的正确率要高，但每组中几乎有一半人选错了两次以上，有两个人把全部四个都弄错了。总体来说，（８９）一半的参与测试者在最后一轮测试中与第一轮中表现差不多，因此疲劳或是味觉失灵不是原因。我们的

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口味偏好测试的结果表示，只有很少的百事可乐爱好者与可口可乐爱好者真的可以由口味和价格判断出他们喜爱的品牌。

８６、根据本文，做这个口味偏好测试是为了________ Ａ）弄清在人们饮用饮料时口味偏好所起的作用 Ｂ）揭示哪一种可乐更受人喜爱 Ｃ）显示人们对口味的评价仅仅是猜测而已 Ｄ）比较参与测试者选择自己喜爱饮料的能力

８７、在口味偏好测试中的统计显示________ Ａ）可口可乐与百事可乐是人们最喜爱的两种饮料

Ｂ）可口可乐与百事可乐的口味没有很大差别

Ｃ）很少有人无法区分可口可乐与百事可乐

Ｄ）人们的口味互不相同 ８８、在第一段中暗示_________ Ａ）口味测试的目的是促进可乐的销售

Ｂ）提高品质是两家可乐公司最关心的事

Ｃ）两种可乐的竞争很激烈

Ｄ）要区分品牌爱好者，蒙眼测试是必要的 ８９、“burn out”这个词（第５段第６行）指的是____的状态

Ａ）皮肤严重烧伤

Ｂ）因为缺乏燃料不能燃烧 Ｃ）被火损伤得很严重

Ｄ）因为过度使用而失灵了 ９０、作者写本文的目的是___________ Ａ）显示味觉偏好是十分主观的

Ｂ）提出观点，即味觉测试是一项重要的市场推广策略 Ｃ）强调口味与价格两者密切相关

Ｄ）推荐在可乐品质管理中引入蒙眼测试

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Passage 7 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claim for it , the first step is to present the warranty（保单）,or amy other records which might help, at the store of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.However, if it does not ,there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.In general, the “higher up ” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster the or she can expect it to be settled.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but it they connot get to the place of purchase ,it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.If this cannot be done , the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong , rather than by making general statements.For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo(立体声音响)does not work” The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer.If so , the consumer should do this ,stating the complaint as firmly as possible.But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further.She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.31.When a con summer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _ A)complain personally to the manager B)threaten to take the matter to court C)write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D)show some written proof of the purchase to the store 32.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to _____ A)a shop assistant B)a store manager C)the manufacturer D)a public organization 33.The most effective complaint can be made by __________ A)showing the faulty item to the manufacturer B)explaining exactly what is wrong with the item C)saying firmly that the item is of poor quality D)asking politely to change the item 34.The phrase “live up to”(Line2 Para.1)in the context means________ A)meet the standard of B)realize the purpose of C)fulfil the demands of D)keep the promise of 35.The passage tells us ______________

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A)how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item B)how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C)how to avoid buying a faulty item D)how to deal with complaints from customers

Passage 7 当一名顾客发现（３４）他／她买的物品有毛病，或是在某方面没有达到制造商所宣称的那样时，（３１）他／她要做的第一件事就是去原来的商店，把质量保单或任何可能有用的记录给他们看。在大多数情况下，这种行动很有效。但纵使它无效，（３５）顾客还是可以用各种方法来使自己得到满意的处理方式。许多顾客采用一种简单而普通的方式，即（３２）直接向商店经理抱怨。通常来说，顾客抱怨的对象越“高级别”，他们的问题就可望更快被解决。在这种情况下，通常是顾客一方赢得了胜利，假设他们要求合理的话。

只要有可能，顾客应该当面诉说，但假如他们没法去买东西的地方，在电话里诉说或是写信抱怨也是可以接受的。

如果抱怨时既有礼貌而又足够坚定，那么通常这是最有效力的，特别是当顾客能够阐明到底物品有什么问题时。如果做不到这一点，（３３）顾客如能具体说明问题所在，也会有最大可能的成功，这比笼统地抱怨要管用。比如说，“左边的喇叭压根儿不响，右边的喇叭的声音也不清楚”，这种话就比只说“这个立体声音响不好用”要好。

Passage 7 When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claim for it , the first step is to present the warranty（保单）,or amy other records which might help, at the store of purchase.In most cases, this action will produce results.However, if it does not ,there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.In general, the “higher up ” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster the or she can expect it to be settled.In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but it they connot get to the place of purchase ,it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.If this cannot be done , the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong , rather than by making general statements.For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo(立体声音响)does not work” The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer.If so , the consumer should do this ,stating the complaint as firmly as possi ble.But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further.She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or

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organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.31.When a con summer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _ A)complain personally to the manager B)threaten to take the matter to court C)write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D)show some written proof of the purchase to the store 32.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to _____ A)a shop assistant B)a store manager C)the manufacturer D)a public organization 33.The most effective complaint can be made by __________ A)showing the faulty item to the manufacturer B)explaining exactly what is wrong with the item C)saying firmly that the item is of poor quality D)asking politely to change the item 34.The phrase “live up to”(Line2 Para.1)in the context means________ A)meet the standard of B)realize the purpose of C)fulfil the demands of D)keep the promise of 35.The passage tells us ______________ A)how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item B)how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C)how to avoid buying a faulty item D)how to deal with complaints from customers

Passage 7 当一名顾客发现（３４）他／她买的物品有毛病，或是在某方面没有达到制造商所宣称的那样时，（３１）他／她要做的第一件事就是去原来的商店，把质量保单或任何可能有用的记录给他们看。在大多数情况下，这种行动很有效。但纵使它无效，（３５）顾客还是可以用各种方法来使自己得到满意的处理方式。许多顾客采用一种简单而普通的方式，即（３２）直接向商店经理抱怨。通常来说，顾客抱怨的对象越“高级别”，他们的问题就可望更快被解决。在这种情况下，通常是顾客一方赢得了胜利，假设他们要求合理的话。

只要有可能，顾客应该当面诉说，但假如他们没法去买东西的地方，在电话里诉说或是写信抱怨也是可以接受的。

如果抱怨时既有礼貌而又足够坚定，那么通常这是最有效力的，特别是当顾客能够阐明到底物品有什么问题时。如果做不到这一点，（３３）顾客如能具体说明问题所在，也会有最大可能的成功，这比笼统地抱怨要管用。比如说，“左边的喇叭压根儿不响，右边的喇叭的声音也不清楚”，这种话就比只说“这个立体声音响不好用”要好。

商店的经理也许会建议顾客给制造商写信。如果是这样的话，顾客应该写信，尽可能礼貌而且坚定地把问题表达出来。但如果礼貌的抱怨没有达到预期的效果，免费？宅在家学英语？怎么报名？

顾客就可以进一步行动。他们可以威胁说要把销售商告到法庭去或是说把销售商告到某个私立或公立的保护消费者权益的机构去。

３１、当顾客发现他买的东西有毛病时，他应该做的第一件事就是______ A)找经理当面抱怨

B)威胁说要诉诸法庭 C)写一封坚定的信去购买物品的商店抱怨 D)给商店看一些写下来的购买凭证

３２、如果顾客想很快地解决他的问题，比较好的方法是向_____抱怨

Ａ）店员

Ｂ）商店经理

Ｃ）制造商

Ｄ）一个公立机构

３３、最有效的抱怨是采用________的方式。

Ａ）把有毛病的物品给制造商看

Ｂ）确切地说明物品的毛病 Ｃ）坚定地说这物质量很差

Ｄ）有礼貌地请求更换物品 ３４、“live up to ”（第一段第２行）这个短语结合上下文，意思是________ Ａ）达到„„的标准

Ｂ）意识到„„的目的 Ｃ）满足„„的要求

Ｄ）遵守„„的诺言 ３５、本文告诉我们_________ Ａ）如何解决顾客就有问题的物品发出的抱怨 Ｂ）如何就有问题的物品进行有效的抱怨 Ｃ）如何避免买到有问题的物品 Ｄ）如何处理顾客的抱怨

“成千上万人疯狂下载。。。

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