第一篇:新人教版八年级英语下册第三单元知识点
Unit3 Could you please clean your room? 一.情态动词could 的用法
1.提出礼貌的要求 Could you please(not)do sth ?请你(做)......好吗?
用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.肯定回答:Yes,sure./ Yes, I can./Of course,I can./ Certainly./No problem./ With pleasure.否定回答: Sorry , I can’t / I’m afraid I can’t.I have to …,I’m going to…(说明理由)2.表示请求许可 Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗?
肯定回答:Yes, you can./ Yes ,please / Of course / Certainly./ No problem.否定回答:Sorry , you can’t / I’m afraid you can’t.3.could 为can的过去式,表示过去的能力。= was / were able to
Section A 1.take out the rubbish把垃圾带出去 2.do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗碟 3.fold your clothes折衣服 4.sweep the floor扫地 5.make your bed整理床铺
6.clean the living room打扫起居室
7.do some washing/ shopping/ cleaning洗衣服/ 购物/ 做清洁 8.go out for dinner出去吃晚饭 9.go to the movies去看电影
10.stay out late/ until nine呆到很晚/ 呆到9点钟 11.get a ride撘车
12.give sb a ride to town开车送sb到镇上 13.need to do something需要做…… 14.have to do something不得不做…… 15.help out with a few things帮助做些事情
16.at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反)at most 至多,不超过 17.finish doing something完成做……
18.two hours of TV 两个小时的电视
表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,被视作整体,谓动用单数。19.be/ come back from shopping购物回来 20.any minute/ second/ moment now随时 21.be angry with…对……生气 22.solve the problem解决问题
23.throw down扔下,随手丢下。throw at 向…扔去(恶意)throw to …扔给 throw away 扔掉 24.the minute……/ as soon as… / the moment …一…….就……(引导时间状语从句,主将从现)25.come over 过来,顺便来访
26.take the dog for a walk= take a walk with … 遛狗 27.reply angrily生气地回答
28.all the time一直
all day一整天
all evening整晚 29.shout back吼回去
talk back 顶嘴 neither / nor +助动词/be动词/情态动词 +主语
“某人也不”
neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…(就近原则)
neither of us我们两个都不 31 in surprise惊讶地
find +宾语+ adj / n./ prep 短语
find sb.doing sth 发现某人做某事
find it + adj.+ to do sth 发现做某事很……◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 33.share the housework分担家务
share sth with sb.和某人分享某物 34.hang out with sb 和某人一起闲逛
hang up 把......悬挂/挂起 35.pass sb sth= pass sth to sb把某物递给某人
Pass on 传递
36.borrow s from sb 从某人那里借某物 37.lend sth to sb = lend sb sth 把某物借给某人
keep……for +一段时间:借…一段时间 38.hate to do / doing sth讨厌做……
39.try(not)to do sth努力(不)做某事。try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
try on 试穿
try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
40.while conj.“在……期间; 当……的时候”
While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词.(进行时)Section B 1.invite v → invitation n邀请(1)invite sb.to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb.to +地点 邀请某人去某地 2.enough stress from school来自于学校的足够的压力
under the stress of …在…的压力之下 3.a waste of time浪费时间 waste
v “浪费”
waste time/money on sth /(in)doing sth 在。。浪费时间/金钱 4.人:spend…… on sth
人:pay ……for sth
物 :sth cost sb +金钱
(in)doing sth
It takes sb +时间 to do sth.5.in order(not)to do sth为了做…… 6.get into a good university进入好大学
7.there is no need for sb to do sth 对于某人来说没必要做……
8.provide sth.for sb.= provide sb.with sth.为某人提供某物(为应急等做好准备而“提 供; 供给”)
offer sb.sth.= offer sth to sb.侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer to do sth 主动提出干某事 Supply sb.with sth=supply sth.to sb.定期 “ 供应 ” , 强调替代或补充所需物品
9.depend on …依靠……依赖,由…而决定
10.develop children’s independence 养成孩子的独立(习惯)→development → developed / developing 11.the idea of fairness公平意识
12.have no idea = don’t know 不知道 13.fall ill生病
14.grades drop成绩下降
15.as a result因此,结果
as a result of …由于……作为……的结果
16.It’s fair/ unfair for sb to do sth 对于某人来说,做……是(不)公平的。17.get something to drink买饮料 18.be careful with… 小心对待…… 19.a few other things另处几件事
20.Do one’s part(in)doing sth.尽自己的职责做某事 21.the earlier...the better…越早……越好…….【模拟试题】
一、英汉互译。
1.play with ___________
2.have a test ___________ 3.do chores ___________
4.take out ___________ 5.make the bed ___________
6.sweep the floor ___________ 7.从……借___________
8.遛狗___________ 9.生气___________
10.照顾___________ 11.邀请某人到……___________
12.忙于/从事___________ 13.洗餐具___________
14.做饭___________
二、根据要求答题。
1.Could you help me clean the living room?(作肯定回答)_____________, ____________________.2.Thanks for taking care of my dog.(变同义句)_________________ for ________________ my dog.3.Remember to clean the bed.(改为同义句)________ ________ to clean the door.4.Can you lend your pen to me?(改为同义句)Can ________ ________ your pen? 5.I like to wash the plates because it’s relaxing.(就划线部分提问)________ ________ you ________ to wash the plates?
三、用could, can, may, must, needn’t填空。
1.A: ________ you answer the question in English?
B: Sorry, I ________.________ I answer it in English?
A: No, you ________.You ________ answer it in Chinese.2.A: ________ I ask a question? B: Yes, you ________.But you ________ wait, a minute.3.A: ________ I use your eraser, Bill? B: Sorry.I don’t have one.Ask Mary.She _________ have one.4.A: ________ you help me do the shopping.B: OK, Sure.5.A: ________ you sweep the floor? B: But I ________ finish my homework first.四、单项填空。
1.—What a dirty room!You shouldn’t throw your waste things everywhere.-Oh, I am sorry, I am going to ________ and put them in the waste box.A.fold my clothes B.take out the trash C.watch TV 2.—Could you please go to the movies with me tonight? —Sorry, my mother is ill in bed, and I have to ______ her.A.take care of B.take a walk with C.take over 3.Don’t _________ the dog.it’s dangerous, it’ll bite you.A.play with B.play C.play for 4.—Jim, come out.Let’s go to play football.—Sorry.I’m _______ a maths problem.A.working out B.working on C.working for 5.—Mum, Could I go shopping with you? —Yes, ________ But you have to finish your homework first.A.you can B.you could C.you can’t 6.My mother often ________ my little sister _________ of the house and plays with her in the garden.A.take…out B.takes…out C.takes … to 7.I _________ doing the dishes because it’s boring.A.hates B.hate C.like 8.I _________ some money from him, but I’ll _______ it to him in a few days.A.borrow, return B.lend, borrow C.borrow, keep 9.________ the young trees is our duty.A.Taking good care of B.Take good care of C.Takes good care of
第二篇:新版八年级英语下册第三单元知识点归纳
新版八年级英语下册第三单元知识点归纳
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
一、Peter ,could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗?----sure,mom.Could you please do sth ?请你(做)......好吗? 用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答: Sorry , I can’t
2、take out 取出(v+ adv)
【注】: 跟代词做宾语,代词放中间;跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边 take 有关的短语: take out 带出去,取出
Please take out a piece of paper.请拿出一张纸。
Please take it out.请把它拿出来。take...out “把„„带出去”
My father is taking me out to go for a drive.我爸爸要带我出去开车。(1)take off 脱下;(飞机)起飞
----Please take off your coat(外套), It’s warm here.---The plane took off at 9:00 am.【短语】take out the trash/rubbish 倒垃圾 take away 拿走,取走
take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下; 起飞
(2)take „to „把...带到...(3)take sb.for a walk 带某人去散步 take a walk 散步(4)take exercise 运动,锻炼(5)take one’s time 不用急,慢慢来(6)take a bus(ship/train)乘坐公共汽车(7)take turns 轮流,替换(8)It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间 3.Can you do the dishes.?那你可以洗盘子吗?
do the dishes 洗碗
【结构1】do the +名词: do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生
【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业
【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物 4.could you please help out with a few things? help out动词短语,表示在某人繁忙或 遇到困难时“给予帮助”。
help和out之间还可以加入具体的“人”。
e.g.He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。
They helped(us)out with the clean-up.他们帮助我们做大扫除。
5.Because Mom will back from shopping any minute now.因为妈妈马上回来购物。
6.any minute now 一种常见的口语表达法,相当于“随时;马上;在任何时刻”的意思,e.g.Don’t worry, he will come here any minute now.别担心, 他会马上来这儿。7.Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗? 1】Could I do sth? 我可以做......吗?
用于表达请求,语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend? 2】at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反)at most 至多 3】finish v 结束;完成 finish doing sth 做完某事
eg— Can you finish reading these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you!我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
How time is flies!Three yearsisreally a short time.时光飞逝!三年真的是短暂的时光。【解析1】enough 足够的,充分的(在句中作定语或表语)
I don’t have enough money with me.我没有足够的钱。【解析2】足够;充分(放在形容词;副词后)
The river is deep enough for swimming.这条河够深,可以游泳。
【记】 Mr.Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.史米斯先生有足够的钱,但他不够好心帮助别人
【注意】enough 修饰名词时,置于名词前;修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后。
6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好,再把碗洗了吗? 【解析】take out 拿出;取出 take 的用法:
Please take some books to the classroom.请带一些书到教室去。
Take this medicine three times a day.这药一天服三次。They usually take the bus to work.他们通常乘公共汽车去上班。
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.我每天花两个小时做作业。短语 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下;起飞 take up 占据
take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急;慢慢来 take one’s temperature 量体温 7.The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。
【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一......就......”
Please write to me the minute you get there.【解析2】 in front of指在物体外部的前面
There is a bike in front of the classroom.教室前面有一辆自行车。指在物体内部的前面
Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 我们的老师正站在教室的前面 【记】 The driver sat _in the front of_ the car.The policeman stood ___in front of_ the car.【注意】有the无the区别大:
at table 吃饭;进餐 in hospital 住院
at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院(不一定看病)【解析3】come over 过来
【拓展】 come 短语:
come across(偶然)发现 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于 come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点 come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来 7.You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你总是看电视,从不帮忙做家务!
all the time = always 一直;总是
8.I’m just as tired as you are!我和你一样累!【解析】as...as...和......一样......9.For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。
【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人(主语)也不” ⑴ neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定 Neither Tom nor Jim is a student ⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”
—The first one wasn’t bad.— Neither was the second.第一个并不坏。-第二个也不是。10.The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.第二天,妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 【注】find → found →found v寻找
(1)find sb.doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2)find it + adj.+ to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found _it__ hard to finish the work by herself.她发现自己很难完成这项工作。
11.She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊奇地;吃惊地
surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj.令人吃惊的 →surprised adj.吃惊的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是),he got the first prize in the exam.12.“ I’m so sorry, Mom.I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.“对不起,妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。
【解析1】need v 需要 用于肯定句,是实义动词。
(1)人做主语,sb.need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语,sth need doing sth= sth need to be done ①Students need ___to have_(have)a good rest in studying.②The watch needs__mending___(mend).手表需要修。用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t
— Must I go there now? — Yes,you must/No, you needn’t
【解析2】share 分享;共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb.与某人分享某物(All his friends __Shared___ his happiness when he won the match.13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗?
【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起 14.Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗?
【解析】pass ⑴v 给;递;走过;通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students.⑵ v 通过;路过 I pass your home.⑶ v 通过(考试);及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15.Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗? 【解析】borrow /lend/keep(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用,尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow sth from sb.从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.(3)keep 保留,保存(延续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】 【记】 I want to _borrow__ a bike from my friend but he didn’t _lend___ it to me, because Tom had _kept____ it for two days.16.I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了,伤口不能弄湿。
【解析】try(not)to do sth努力(不)做某事。try v 试图,设法,努力 【拓展】(1)try on 试穿
(2)try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
(3)try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 17.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务。
hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.我讨厌麻烦他 hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room.她讨厌在房间里抽烟。
18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗?
【解析】ask sb.to do sth 要求某人做某事。
ask for 请求,要某物
ask sb.about sth 向某人询问关于某事(1)ask sb.for help 向某人请求帮助(2)ask sb.(not)to do sth请求某人做某事 ask构成的短语: 短语 含义
ask sb.to do sth 请某人做某事 ask sb.not to do sth 不让某人做某事 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 ask for help 寻求帮助
19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业。
【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事
— Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10 o’clock? 你能在十点前读完这些书吗? — Yes, I can.【解析2】while conj.“在……期间; 当……的时候” While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。
_While __ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.当孩子们玩得开心时,父母可以在海滩上上舞蹈课。【解析3】help sb.with sth.在某事上帮助某人。【注】help v 帮助 → helpful adj.有帮助的
(1)help sb.do sth.=help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下 ①I think reading is very __helpful____(help).② __Without____ your help, we couldn’t catch the thief.抓住小偷。20.Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗? 【解析】invite sb.to Sp.邀请某人去某地 【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请(1)invite sb.to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb.to +地点 邀请某人去某地
21.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb.do sth 让某人做某事 make → made →made v.做,制作,使得
(1)make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy(2)make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.Colors can change our moods and make us _feel__ happy or sad, energetic or sleep.颜色可以改变我们的心情,使我们感到高兴或悲伤,精力充沛或睡眠。22.They don’t have time to study and do housework,too.他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事 have time =be free 有空
23.Housework is a waste of their time.做家务是在浪费他们的时间。
【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱 waste v “浪费”
waste time/money on sth waste time / money(in)doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱 Don’t _waste_water.Can’t you see the sign “save water”?不要浪费水。你看不到“节约用水”的牌子吗? 24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学,他们应该把时间用在学习上。【解析1】spend...on sth 在某事上花费......spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb.+spend +时间/钱+(in)doing sth ◆spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the computer games.他花太多时间在电脑游戏上。
Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.记得花些时间和你所爱的人在一起,因为他们不会永远在你身边。My father _spent_ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.我父亲花了十万元买他的新车
(2)pay →paid →paid v 支付,主语是人
◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.— How much did you pay for this computer? 你花了多少钱买这台电脑 — Five hundred dollars.(3)cost→ cost→ cost v 花费,主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb.+钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money.I bought a new sweater last weekend.It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.上周末我买了一件新毛衣。我花了120元
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间 It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.他花了3个小时做作业。
【解析2】in order to “目的是;为了” 后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事 He ran quickly in order not __to be___ late for the meeting.他跑得很快,为了不迟到。【解析3】get into =enter 进入 【拓展】与get相关的短语:
get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服
get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧 get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会
get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关:(be asleep睡着)25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.而且,当他们长大的时候,他们也将会做家务,因此,他们没必要现在在做。【解析】get older 长大 get/ become/ go辨析:
⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer.天变得越来越长
⑵ become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷。⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏,go blind变瞎,go hungry挨饿
26.It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【解析】provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物 provide v 提供
provide sb.with sth.(sb 前介词用for)=provide sth for sb.(sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物
相当于:offer sb.sth.= offer sth to sb.provide 为应急等做好准备而“提供; 供给” provide sb.with sth.=provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer 侧重表示“愿意给予” offer sb.sth.= offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品 Supply sb.with sth=supply sth.to sb.为某人提供某物
①The Internet provides us _with__a lot of _information___we need.因特网给我们提供了许多我们需要的信息。
② —Could you please provide us _with___ some information about the students’ health? — Of course, it’s my pleasure.你能为我们提供一些关于学生的健康信息?当然,这是我的荣幸。
27.And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.无论如何,我认为做家务并不那么难。
【解析】anyway 无论如何,(一般放在句首,用逗号和句子隔开)
28.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.我认为对孩子们来说,学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。【解析】It is important for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的
29.Children these days depend on their parents too much.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。
【解析】depend on 依靠;信赖
—— Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? —— Well, it all ___depends on____ the weather.30....Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。
【解析1】 do one’s part 尽职责;尽本分 Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责 【解析2】keep +sth /sb.+adj.“使......处于某种状态”
Her mother asked her to keep the windows __open__ and the door __closed__.她妈妈叫她把窗户打开,关上了门
keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj.We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持;继续”
(1)keep(on)doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working He kept on __ talking__ after the ball rang for class.他不停地球响下课后说。(2)keep sb.Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.My teacher kept me __doing___ homework all the afternoon.对不起,让您久等了。我的老师让我整个下午做作业。
31.Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教 他们如何照顾自己。【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识
develop v→development n 发展→developing adj.发展的→developed adj.发达的 a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家 China is a __developing___country.32.Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里,他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参与。
【解析】since conj.既然(表示对方已知的事实或理由,常放在句首)
.—You have been in Neijiang very long? —Yeah.__Since___my parents came here.你在内江已经有很长时间了吗?-是的。因为我的父母来到这里。
33.Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself.我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学,但是在第一年的时候,他还不知道如何照顾自己。
take care of 照顾Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go.I need to ___take care of___ my baby at home.【拓展】与take相关的短语:
take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出)take care当心 take a walk散步
take medicine服药 take place发生take one’s temperature量体温
take one’s time别着急
34.As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped.结果,他常常生病,功课也落下了。
【解析1】as a result 结果(插入语,放在句首,用逗号隔开)
Don’t ask him too late into the night, __As a result___ , he is only a small child.不要太深夜问他,作为一个结果,他只是一个小孩。【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡
35.The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来越好。
【解析】the + 比较级,the + 比较级 “越......越......”
The more you smile, the happieryou will feel.你笑得越多,你就会感觉到快乐。
第三篇:英语八年级下册第三单元知识点总结
Unit 3.Could you please clean your room?
一、短语动词
1、take out 带出去;取出;拔出;除掉 动副词组
代词作宾语时必须放在两词之间。
2、come over 固定短语
过来,顺便来访,拜访。后面加介词to,后接表示地点的名词作宾语。拓展:take out of 把---从---取出/带出
3、hang →hung→hung
hang out 闲逛;溜达。
4、throw down扔下;随手丢下
其中throw可用作及物或不及物动词,意为扔,掷→threw→thrown 拓展:throw at向----扔去(带有攻击性)throw to 扔给---(不含恶意)throw away扔掉 SectionB
1、take care of 照顾;照料。相当于 look after后可接名词、(反身)代词作宾语。Take good care of相当于look after well
2、二、动词用法
1、finish 及物动词 完成后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。拓展:与finish一样用法的动词或动词短语有:enjoy/look forward to/mind/have fun/practice/be busy/consider/feel like/give up
2、pass用作及物动词
给;递; pass sb sth =pass sth to sb把某物递给某人。
走过、通过(考试等)
作不及物动词,(时间)过去,流逝
3、borrow sth from sb向某人借某物。
非延续性动词
Lend(lent;lent)sb sth=lend sth to sb借给某人某物。非延续性动词
Keep 由“保存”引申为“借”,延续性动词,可与时间段连用。四川-----Excuse me,can I_____your pen?-----sorry,I have_____it to Bob.A.borrow;lend B.borrow;borrowed C.lend;borrowed D.lend;lent
4、hate及物动词
厌恶;讨厌,表示一种感情或心理状态,不能用于进行时态。
Hate sb/sth不喜欢某人或某物
Hate to do/doing sth 厌恶做某事(某一次或经常性的)相当于like的用法。
SectionB
1、invite及物动词
邀请
名词invitation 邀请;请帖。
Invite sb to +地点名词。邀请某人到某地。
Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事。
2、make sb do sth 让某人做某事。
3、动词辨析:
单词
主语
常用结构
含义 Spend(spent)
人
sb spend time/money on sth
Sb spend time/money doing sth Pay(paid)
人
sb pay money for sth Cost(cost)
物
sth cost sb some money Take(took)
it作形式主语 it takes sb some time to do sth 四川:-----I_________a lot of time palying computer games everyday.----oh,boy.it’s bad for your eyes.A.spend B.takes C.pay
4、provide sth for sb =provide sb with sth给某人提供某物
Offer sb sth =offer sth to sb主动给某人提供某物
Offer to do sth 主动提出做某事。
5、depend on依靠;依赖 independent独立的 independence独立性
6、develop作及物动词或不及物动词
发展;壮大。Development发展。
Developed/developing 前者是发达的后者是发展中的。
7、Have no idea 相当于don't know
不知道、drop(dropped)→dropping
(1)drop意为“丢失或落下”时,既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。如:
She was scared and dropped the cup.她吓坏了,丢落了茶杯。
The glass dropped from her hand.玻璃从她的手中掉了下来。
(2)drop作动词还有“(价格)下降;放弃”的意思,如:
The price of the rice has dropped.大米的价格已经降下来了。
Don't drop math.别放弃数学。
(3)drop也可作名词,表示“滴”,如:
A drop of rain fell on my face.一滴雨落在我的脸上。
(4)drop还可指“下跌;落下的距离”,如:
There was a sudden drop in the temperature yesterday.昨天气温大幅下降。
拓展:drop behind 落后 drop in/by偶然拜访
eye drops 眼药水 a drop in the ocean沧海一粟
Drop out of school辍学
三、名词
1、rubbish 不可数名词
垃圾,废弃物
2、mess名词
杂乱;不整洁。常用短语:in a mess 乱七八糟
3、chores
家务
可数名词
Housework(homework)家务
不可数名词 SectionB
1、stress不可数名词,精神压力;心理负担。
Under the stress of 在---压力之下。
2、waste 名词
浪费
a waste of time 浪费时间
不可数名词
废物;垃圾;浪费
作形容词
无用的;废弃的;丢弃的。
作及物动词
浪费
四、形容词
五、副词
SectionB
1、anyway 副词
而且;加之。
The coat is too expensive and anyway I don’t like the color.还可意为“不管怎样,无论如何,即使这样。
Anyway ,it’s worth trying.The water was cold but he took a shower anyway.六、介词短语
1、in front of在---面前;是指在一定范围外。
in the front of 在----前部,是指在一定范围内。广东中考----why are you standing,Alice?-----I can’t see the blackboard clearly.two tall boys are sitting_________me.A.behind B.next to C.between D.in front of
2、in surprise 惊讶地;惊奇地,常用作状语。
拓展:to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是,常放在句首,作状语。
sectionB
1、in order to目的是;为了 后接动词原形,引导目的状语。位置可放在句首,也可放在句中。否定为:in order not to do.In order that 后面接从句,表示目的,从句中常含有情态动词。广东:in order _______for the meeting,my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.A.not to be late B.not being late C.to be late D.being late
3、as a result 结果;因此
拓展:as a result of 由于----;作为------的结果。
七、连词
1、the minute意为“一----就----”引导时间状语从句,其后省略了引导词that相当于the moment或as soon as(通常情况下主从句时态要一致。但若主句用一般将来时,从句则要用一般现在时表将来。)哈尔滨:boys and girls,calm down and focus on the test paper____you begin to think about the answers.Be confident.you can do it.A.as if B.as soon as C.although
2、when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间; while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。
③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如: a.When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为:
While we were talking, the teacher came in.b.They were singing while we were dancing.SectionB
1、since 由于;因为;既然,引导原因状语从句,通常放在句首。
还可引导时间状语从句,自---以来。一般用在完成时当中。
八、特殊句型
1、as---as---与---一样,用于同级比较。第一个as为副词,后跟形容词或副词的原级;第二个为连词,引导比较状语从句。
否定形式:not as/so---as---,不如----
2、neither+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语
----也不。
这是一个倒装句,表示上句否定的情况也同样适合后者。
So+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语
----也是。
这是一个倒装句,表示上句肯定的情况也同样适合后者。
拓展:neither+主语+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词
----的确不是这样。(表示说话者同意上文中说话者的否定观点。)
So+主语+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词
-----的确是这样。
表示说话者同意上述说话者说出的观点。
福建----last night I didn't watch the TV show。A Bite of China 2
-----_______did I.I was preparing for today’s test then.A.So B.Either C.Neither SectionB
1、do one’s part in(doing)sth 尽某人的职责做某事。
2、The+比较级,the+比较级
表示越----,就越-----
比较级+比较级
表示越来越------贵州:__________children there are in a family,________their life will be.A.the less;the better B.The fewer;the better C.Fewer;richer D.More;poorer
九、语法专项 1.can 的用法:
(1).表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I can’t.她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。
(2).表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。
(3).表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。—Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?—No, it can’t be our teacher.He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。2.could的用法:
(1).can的过去式,意为“ 能、会”,表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10.他十岁时就会写诗。
(2).could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? —Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)
—________ you pass me a pen? I’d like to write down the phone number.—Sure.Here it is.A.Can B.Need C.Might D.Must The man in the office___be Mr.Black, because he went home just now.A.mustn’t B.may not C.can’t D.needn’t —___ I take the newspaper away? —No, you mustn't.You____read it only here.A.Must;can B.May;can C.Need;must D.Must;must
第四篇:新人教八年级下册英语unit8知识点及练习题
新人教版八年级英语(下)Unit8单元知识讲解及练习
Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?知识点拨
一、重点短语
1.on page 25 在第2 5 页 2.the back of the book 书的背面 3.h u rry up 赶快;匆忙 4.in tw o weeks 在两周之内 5.go out to sea 出海
6.an island fu ll of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿 7.w rite about 写作关于„„的内容 8.finish doing sth.做完某事
9.w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来 10.learn to do sth.学会做某事
11.grow fru its and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜 12.a few weeks ago 几个星期前
13.the m arks of another m an’ s feet 另一个人的脚印
14.not long after that 不久之后 15.run towards sp.跑向某地
16.use...to do sth.用„„来做某事 17.signs le ft behind by someone 某人留下的标记
18.read the newspaper 看报 19.science fiction 科幻小说
20.can’ t w ait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事 21.a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法 22.number of people 人数
23.used to do sth.(过去)常常做某事 24.study abroad 在国外学习25.make sb.do sth.使某人做某事 26.come to realize 开始意识到 27.ever since then 自从那时起 28.the southern states of America 美国的南部地区 29.belong to 属于
30.be kind to each other 善待彼此 31.tru s t one another 互相信任 32.the beauty of nature 大自然的美 33.have been to sp.去过某地
34.do some research on sth.对„„做研究 35.hope to do sth.希望做某事 36.see sb.do sth.看到某人做某事
37.the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行 38.enjoy success in享受„„的成功 39.at the end of the day傍晚的时候
二、重点句型 1.Have you.•.yet?
— Have you read l ittle Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗?
— Yes,I have./N o , I haven’ t.是的,我读过。/ 不,我没有。2.Has...yet? — Has T in a read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?
— Yes, she has.She thinks i t ’ s fantastic.是的,她读过。她觉得它很棒。3.W ould you lik e...? W ould you like something to drink? 你要来点喝的吗? 4.I heard...I heard you lost your key.我听说你丢钥匙了。
5....came to realize how m uch...She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.她开始意识到,事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
练习题
一.单项填空。
()1.— Bill hasn’t finished reading Treasure Island yet.What about you? — I’ve read it twice.A.just then B.just now C.yet D.already()2.Mr.Wang isn’t here.I think he _______ Guiyang.A.has gone to B.has been to C.goes D.went()3.Nobody told us _________.A.what to do it B.how to do C.where to do D.when to do it()4.—Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes, I ______ there last year.A.went B.have been C.have gone D.has been()5.—Where is your father? —He _____ Australia and he _______ Sydney for two weeks.A.has been to;has been in B.has gone to;has been in C.has been in;has been to D.has gone to;has been to()6.He took up my cell phone and made a long distance call as if the phone _____him A.belonged to B.was belonging to C.was belonged to D.had been belonged to()7.— Could you please water the flowers in the garden? — Oh, I A.have no time B.haven’t watered them C.have watered them D.can do it tomorrow(books students.A.borrows;from B.lends;to C.returns;to D.sells;to()9.I my lost wallet everywhere but I couldn’t it.A.looked for;find B.looked for , finding C.have found;look D.have found;looking()10.Amy ________ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter.A.cleans B.cleaned C.is cleaning D.has cleaned 二.阅读理解
A One day, a fisherman caught a golden fish.“People let me go,” the golden fish said.“I will give you whatever you want.”
“Thank you, but I don’t want anything,” the fisherman said.He put the golden fish back into the sea.But the fisherman’s wife was angry.“You should ask for a bigger wooden basin!” she shouted.The fisherman went to the seaside and told the golden fish.“Don’t worry, she has a new basin now,” the golden fish said.The fisherman went home.But the wife was even angrier.“I want a large house!” The fisherman went to tell the golden fish again.But the old woman was never satisfied.“I want to be the queen of the sea!And I want the golden fish to serve me!”
The fisherman went to tell the golden fish.The golden fish swam away without saying anything.The fisherman walked back.His wife was in her cold clothes.Her old and broken wooden basin was next to her.根据短文内容,判断下列各句正误。正确的在题号前括号内写“T”,错误的写“F”。11.The fisherman caught the golden fish three times.12.The fisherman freed the golden fish after he caught it.13.The fisherman’s wife was really happy every time when her husband came back.14.The fisherman’s wife got a new basin, a large house and became the queen of the sea at last.15.The golden fish didn’t say a word but to swim away in the bed.文章大意:本文是一个寓言故事,讲了一个贪得无厌,最终以无所获得故事。11.F【解析】整体理解题 从文中可知渔夫并没有捉住金鱼三次。12.T 【解析】细节理解题。从第二段的““Thank you, but I don’t want anything,” the fisherman said.He put the golden fish back into the sea.”可知渔夫抓住金鱼之后,就把它放了。
13.F 【解析】推理判断题。渔夫的妻子每次都不满意。
14.F 【解析】整体理解题 渔夫的妻子得到了一个澡盆和新房子,但没有成为皇后。
15.T 【解析】细节理解题 从最后一段的“The golden fish swam away without saying anything.”可知答案。
三.书面表达
请你根据下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”为题,用英语写一篇演讲稿。背 景 1.认为上中学时吃好穿好是应该的; 2.走向社会后没有感恩意识。
学会感恩 1.感谢社会提供良好的教育机会; 2.感谢父母供养自己上学; 3.感谢老师传授知识;
4.感谢朋友的鼓励与帮助。
参考词汇:enter society 进入社会,sense of thanks 感恩意识,behavior 行为 5.词数:80词左右。开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Good morning, boys and girls!The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”.In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and friends.At present, we should study harder to make our world more beautiful.Thank you for your listening
第五篇:新人教八年级下册数学期末考试知识点归纳
新人教八年级下册数学期末考试知识点归
纳
二次根式
知识回顾
1.二次根式:式子(ge;0)叫做二次根式。2.最简二次根式:必须同时满足下列条件:
⑴被开方数中不含开方开的尽的因数或因式;⑵被开方数中不含分母;⑶分母中不含根式。3.同类二次根式:
二次根式化成最简二次根式后,若被开方数相同,则这几个二次根式就是同类二次根式。4.二次根式的性质:(1)()2=(ge;0);(2)5.二次根式的运算:
(1)因式的外移和内移:如果被开方数中有的因式能够开得尽方,那么,就可以用它的算术根代替而移到根号外面;如果被开方数是代数和的形式,那么先解因式,•变形为积的形式,再移因式到根号外面,反之也可以将根号外面的正因式平方后移到根号里面.(2)二次根式的加减法:先把二次根式化成最简二次根式再合并同类二次根式.(3)二次根式的乘除法:二次根式相乘(除),将被开方数相乘(除),所得的积(商)仍作积(商)的被开方数并将运算结果化为最简二次根式.=(age;0,bge;0);(bge;0,agt;0).(4)有理数的加法交换律、结合律,乘法交换律及结合律,•乘法对加法的分配律以及多项式的乘法公式,都适用于二次根式的运算.勾股定理1.勾股定理:如果直角三角形的两直角边长分别为a,b,斜边长为c,那么a2+b2=c2。
2.勾股定理逆定理:如果三角形三边长a,b,c满足a2+b2=c2。,那么这个三角形是直角三角形。3.直角三角形的性质
(1)、直角三角形的两个锐角互余。可表示如下:ang;C=90deg;ang;A+ang;B=90deg;(2)、在直角三角形中,30deg;角所对的直角边等于斜边的一半。ang;A=30deg;可表示如下:BC=AB ang;C=90deg;(3)、直角三角形斜边上的中线等于斜边的一半 ang;ACB=90deg;可表示如下:CD=AB=BD=AD D为AB的中点
4、直角三角形的判定
1、有一个角是直角的三角形是直角三角形。
2、如果三角形一边上的中线等于这边的一半,那么这个三角形是直角三角形。
3、勾股定理的逆定理:如果三角形的三边长a,b,c有关系,那么这个三角形是直角三角形。
5、三角形中的中位线
连接三角形两边中点的线段叫做三角形的中位线。(1)三角形共有三条中位线,并且它们又重新构成一个新的三角形。
(2)要会区别三角形中线与中位线。
三角形中位线定理:三角形的中位线平行于第三边,并且等于它的一半。
四边形
1.四边形的内角和与外角和定理:(1)四边形的内角和等于360deg;;(2)四边形的外角和等于360deg;.2.多边形的内角和与外角和定理:(1)n边形的内角和等于(n-2)180deg;;(2)任意多边形的外角和等于360deg;12.等腰梯形的判定:
(四边形ABCD是等腰梯形
(3)∵ABCD是梯形且AD∥BC
∵AC=BD
there4;ABCD四边形是等腰梯形 14.三角形中位线定理:
三角形的中位线平行第三边,并且等于它的一半.15.梯形中位线定理:
梯形的中位线平行于两底,并且等于两底和的一半.一次函数
一、正比例函数与一次函数的概念:
一般地,形如y=kx(k为常数,且kne;0)的函数叫做正比例函数.其中k叫做比例系数。
一般地,形如y=kx+b(k,b为常数,且kne;0)的函数叫做一次函数.当b=0时,y=kx+b即为y=kx,所以正比例函数,是一次函数的特例.二、正比例函数的图象与性质:
(1)图象:正比例函数y=kx(k是常数,kne;0))的图象是经过原点的一条直线,我们称它为直线y=kx。
(2)性质:当kgt;0时,直线y=kx经过第三,一象限,从左向右上升,即随着x的增大y也增大;当k0,bgt;0图像经过一、二、三象限;(2)kgt;0,blt;0图像经过一、三、四象限;(3)kgt;0,b=0图像经过一、三象限;(4)klt;0,bgt;0图像经过一、二、四象限;(5)klt;0,blt;0图像经过二、三、四象限;(6)klt;0,b=0图像经过二、四象限。
一次函数表达式的确定
求一次函数y=kx+b(k、b是常数,kne;0)时,需要由两个点来确定;求正比例函数y=kx(kne;0)时,只需一个点即可.5.一次函数与二元一次方程组:
解方程组
从“数”的角度看,自变量(x)为何值时两个函数的值相等.并
求出这个函数值
解方程组从“形”的角度看,确定两直线交点的坐标.数据的分析
数据的代表:平均数、众数、中位数、极差、方差
一元二次方程知识点总结
一、知识框架
二、知识点、概念总结
1.一元二次方程:方程两边都是整式,只含有一个未知数(一元),并且未知数的最高次数是2(二次)的方程,叫做一元二次方程。
2.一元二次方程有四个特点:(1)含有一个未知数;(2)且未知数次数最高次数是2;(3)是整式方程。要判断一个方程是否为一元二次方程,先看它是否为整式方程,若是,再对它进行整理。如果能整理为ax2+bx+c=0(ane;0)的形式,则这个方程就为一元二次方程。
(4)将方程化为一般形式:ax2+bx+c=0时,应满足(ane;0)3.一元二次方程的一般形式:一般地,任何一个关于x的一元二次方程,经过整理,•都能化成如下形式ax2+bx+c=0(ane;0)。
一个一元二次方程经过整理化成ax2+bx+c=0(ane;0)后,其中ax2是二次项,a是二次项系数;bx是一次项,b是一次项系数;c是常数项。4.一元二次方程的解法(1)直接开平方法
利用平方根的定义直接开平方求一元二次方程的解的方法叫做直接开平方法。直接开平方法适用于解形如的一元二次方程。根据平方根的定义可知,是b的平方根,当时,,当b”、“=”、“lt;”)。
16.如图,在四边形ABCD中ABCD,若加上ADBC,则四边形ABCD为平行四边形。现在请你添加一个适当的条件:,使得四边形AECF为平行四边形.(图中不再添加点和线)转眼之间一个学期也将过去了,同学们也迎来了期末考试,希望上文为大家提供的八年级下册数学期末考试知识点归纳,能帮助到大家。
精编八年级数学下册《全等三角形》知识点总结 2016学年初二下册《反证法》知识点归纳:例题解析