第一篇:八年级下册英语第二单元知识点
八年级下册英语第二单元《What should I do》知识点整理
一、课文重点考点详解
1.I don't have enough money.enough 充足的、充分的; 足够地。
I have enough time to do it.2.I argued with my best friend.argue with sb.意为“与„„争吵,争论”.He often argues with his classmates.3.My clothes are out of style.be out of style / fashion表示“过时”“不合乎时尚”
4.Maybe you should call him up.(1)maybe用来表示推测,译为“也许,或许,大概”.如:
Maybe you are right.(2)call sb up.打电话给某人。如:
I called up Zhang Hong at eight o'clock.原句中him为代词,所以放在call和up之间,不能说成call up him.如:
I'll call her up this afternoon.注意:在动副结构的短语中,代词一定放在动副之间。
5.I don't want to surprise him.“surprise sb.”,表示“使„„惊讶”
The news surprises us greatly.6.No, he doesn't have any money, either.either的用法:用在否定句或否定词组后加强语气,表示“也”,“而且”,常用逗号隔开。
如:He doesn't like singing, and he doesn't like dancing, either.either用作代词时,常表示“两者之中任何一个”.如:
Either of them will agree with you.7.I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.(1)need是个情态动词,也可以是行为动词。
当它是情态动词时,后边直接加行为动词,表示“需要”,但need作情态动词时一般不用于肯定句。它一般用于否定句和疑问句中,例如:
①You need not meet him.②Need I repeat it?
(2)(sb.)pay(money)for sth.为„„而付款
(sb.)spend(money)on sth在„„上花多少钱
(sth.)cost sb.(money)什么东西值多少钱
pay, spend指的是“人”,主语为人,而cost指的是“物”,主语为“物”.他昨天花10元买了一本书。用以上三个短语分别为:
①He paid 10 yuan for the book yesterday.②He spent 10 yuan on the book yesterday.③The book cost him 10 yuan yesterday.8、She also says that these children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older.find +it + adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.发现做某事是„„如:
I find it easy for me to finish the work in an hour.9、The tired children don't get home until 7 p.m.until 直到„为止,如:
I will wait for him until he comes back.not„until, 直到„„才。如:
he didn't go to bed until his father came back.10、I don't know what to do.what to do是疑问句加不定式结构,在句中做宾语,这种结构经常放在tell, show, teach, forget, findout等词后作宾语。如:
I forgot what to do next.I don't know how to do it next.The teacher showed us what to do with it.11.ask(sb.)for sth.向某人寻求某物;要„„如:
Don't ask for food every day.If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help.12、the same as„ 与„„相同
My cousin is the same age as me
13.except 除„„以外;(不包括„„在内)
My class has been invited except me.= Only I haven't been invited.除我以外,我的同学都被邀请了。
All the students went to the park except him
besides 除„„以外(包括在内)
We all went there besides him.= He went there.We went there, too.除他去以外,我们也都去了。
14.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的Is there anything wrong with you?你哪儿不舒服?─ What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)15.get on/along well with sb.与某人相处融,发展。如:I get alone well with my classmates.How do you get on with you studies.16.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架。如:We can't have a fight with each other at school.17、词语辨析borrow sth.from sb.从某人处借进某物lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人
18、You left your home work at home.leave 遗留、丢下。如:I left my keys in the car.leave 指将某物遗忘在某地,常用的结构为:leave + sth.+ place.如:he left his umbrella in the bus yesterday.forget 指忘了某人或某事,后面不能跟具体的地点。
19、you could give him a ticket to a ball game.a ticket to a ball game, to 表示:„的。如:the key to the door,the answer to the question20.on the one hand, on the other hand.一方面„另一方面
二、单元语法
学会should , could在英语中的习惯用法。
should是情态动词,它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。should(应当,应该)用于所有人称,表示劝告或建议。如:
You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。
第二篇:八年级思想品德下册第二单元知识点归纳
第二单元 我们的人身权利
第三课 生命健康权与我同在
1、人身权利:是公民最基本、最重要的权利,公民的人身权利包括人格权和身份权。
2、人格权:就是做人的权利,是公民的基本权利。包括生命健康权物质性人格权和人身自由权、姓名权、肖像权、名誉权、隐私权等精神性人格权两类。生命健康权在人格权中居于首要地位。
3、人身自由权含义:是公民的一项重要的人身权利,是我们参加各种活动,充分享受其他各项权利的基本保障。
4、侵权行为:非法搜身、非法禁闭、非法拘禁等行为侵犯了公民的人身自由权。
5、生命健康权——内容:生命健康权包括生命权和健康权。
地位:生命健康权是公民参加一切社会活动、享有其他一切权利的基础。是公民最根本的人身权。在人格权中居于首要地位。
法律保护:我国法律保护公民的生命健康权,公民的生命健康权不容他人侵犯。(针对未成年人)《宪法》《刑法》《未成年人保护法》《民法通则》《婚姻法》(针对所有公民)《宪法》《刑法》《民法通则》《治安管理处罚法》
6、公民如何行使生命健康权:
(1)积极行使生命健康权:有权珍爱生命,维护健康,积极锻炼身体,提高健康水平,使自己拥有强健的体魄和焕发向上的精神;有权在患病时及时医治,恢复健康,增强体质;当自身的生命健康收到他人非法侵害时,有权依法自卫和请求法律保护。
(2)关爱他人的生命和健康:我们享有生命健康权的同时,负有不得侵害他人生命健康权的道德义务和法定义务;侵害他人的生命健康既伤害了他人,又伤害了自己;我们要关爱生灵,关爱他人的生命和健康,远离暴力。
7、人身自由权包括哪些内容?(1)在法律允许的范围内,公民的人身和意志完全由自己支配;(2)公民的身体不受非法搜查;(3)公民的身体不受非法禁闭;(4)公民的身体不受非法拘禁;
8、法律为什么保障公民的人身自由权?
人身自由是我们参加各种活动,充分享受其他各种权利的基本保障。没有人身自由,其他的自由也难以享受。法律赋予我们广泛的行动自由权,任何组织和个人都不得侵害公民的人身自由,类似非法搜身、非法禁闭、非法拘禁等限制或剥夺公民人身自由的行为,都为法律所禁止。
9、法律为什么保障公民的生命健康权?
生命和健康,对于我们每个人来说都是宝贵的。我国法律规定,公民享有生命健康权,不容他人侵犯。生命健康权是公民参加一切社会活动、享有其他一切权利的基础。生命一旦丧失,任何权利都失去了意义。生命健康权是公民最根本的人身权利。
10、法律为什么对未成年人给予特殊保护?
未成年人是祖国的未来和希望,由于年幼、能力欠缺和经验不足,生命健康权较容易受到侵害。保护未成年人的生命健康权,是全社会共同的责任。我国法律对 未成年人的生命健康权给予了特殊的保护。
11、我国法律对未成年人有何特殊保护?
答:(1)我国法律禁止虐待、遗弃未成年人,禁止溺婴、弃婴。(2)禁止用工单位非法招用未满16周岁的未成年人。
(3)禁止安排未成年工(已满16周岁未满18周岁的劳动者)从事矿山井下、有毒有害、劳动强度大的劳动。
12、法律禁止使用童工的意义?
有利于保护未成年人生命健康;有利于保护未成人的受教育汉,促进义务教育的实施;有利于我国杜会主义事业兴旺发达等。
13、遇到危难时我们如何维护生命健康权?
(1)危难时刻要学会保护自我,也要尽一切可能去挽救他人;(2)既要珍爱自己的生命安全与健康,也要关爱他人的生命安全与健康。
14、如何评价轻生行为?
除了为正义而献身外,公民的生命健康权不得让与或抛弃。因为人的生命具有社会性,生命一旦诞生就具有社会责任。一个人如果因为困难、挫折、失意而自杀,必然会给亲朋好友带来无尽的哀伤、较大的财产损失,还会引发老者无人赡养、幼者无人抚育等一系列的社会问题。轻生或自残等行为都与社会道义相悖,与法不合。
15、为什么说“轻生或自残等行为都与社会道义相悖,与法不合?”
注意自身生命安全和健康,使自己处于安全的环境,免受他人侵害,这不仅是每个公民的权利,也是我们对自己的关爱和责任。除了为正义而献身外,公民的生命健康权不得让与或抛弃。因为人具有社会性,生命一旦诞生就具有社会责任。一个人如果因为困难、挫折、失意而自杀,必然会给亲朋好友带来无尽的哀伤、较大的财产损失,还会引发老者无人赡养、幼者无人抚育等一系列社会问题。若公民损害自己的身体,如乞丐为博取他人同情而自残,必然造成更大的社会负担。因此,轻生或自残等行为都与社会道义相悖,与法不合。
第四课 维护我们的人格尊严
1、人格尊严权
含义:公民应享有作为“人”的最起码的社会地位和受到他人与社会最起码尊重的权利,表现:自尊与他尊两个方面,地位:人格尊严权是人格权中的核心权利。人格尊严不可辱,否则要受到道德的谴责和承担相应的法律责任。
内容:名誉权、隐私权、肖像权、姓名权。
2、我国法律规定公民的名誉权不受侵害,任何组织和个人都不得侮辱或诽谤他人。
3、名誉权的含义及表现
名誉权是人们依法享有的对自己所获得的客观社会评价排除他人侵害的权利。主要表现为:名誉利益支配权和名誉维护权。
4、侵犯名誉权的行为有哪些?
(1)侮辱:指语言、文字或暴力手段贬损他人人格、损害他人名誉的行为,分为口头侮辱、文字侮辱和暴力侮辱。(2)诽谤:指无中生有、捏造并散布虚假的事实,恶意中伤他人的行为,分为口头诽谤和文字诽谤。
(3)新闻报道失实。(4)诬告。
5、侵犯名誉权行为的后果的:这些行为既是侵权行为,又是不道德行为,轻则受到舆论的谴责,严重的要承担法律责任。
6、肖像权:公民依法享有对自己肖像的支配权,包括肖像制作权、使用权和获酬权。
7、肖像的表现方式有绘画(自画像)、雕塑、剪纸、照相、摄像等。
8、肖像的地位是——肖像也是每个人人格的基本标志。
9、侵害肖像权行为有哪些?
(1)以营利为目的使用公民的肖像(广告、杂志封面、挂历),就必须取得肖像权本人的同意,否则就构成侵权。(2)恶意毁损、玷污、丑化公民肖像。(3)以肖像进行人身攻击等。
10、姓名权是公民依法享有决定、使用、变更姓名,并且排除他人侵害的权利。但是未成年人和精神病患者的姓名权由其监护人代为行使。
11、侵犯公民姓名权的行为:干涉公民使用姓名;盗用、冒用他人姓名
12、人的姓名包括(内容)正式姓名、曾用名、笔名和艺名。姓名的地位是——姓名是每个人人格的基本标志。
13、自觉尊重他人,运用法律维护自己的人格尊严?
公民的名誉权、肖像权、姓名权受法律保护。当自己的名誉权、肖像权、姓名权受到不法侵害时,我们要拿起法律武器追究侵权人的责任,必要时可提起诉讼以讨还公道。
14、侵犯姓名权的后果:无论盗用还是冒用他人姓名,都要承担相应的法律责任。
15、尊重他人的姓名权,依法维护自己的姓名权,是现代人应该具备的法律素质。
第五课 隐私受保护
1、隐私的含义和内容:隐私是指公民不愿意为人所知或不愿意公开的,与公共利益无关的个人私生活秘密。它包括三个方面内容:私人信息、个人私事、私人空间。具体包括:私人信息,如家庭住址、身体缺陷、婚恋情况、家庭关系、财产状况等;个人私事,如日常生活、社会交往等;私人领域,如住宅、个人行李、书包等。
2、保护隐私的必要性:(1)是人独立自由的需要
(2)是人们对自身安宁和安全的需要
(3)是建设以人为本、崇尚人性与个性的现代社会的需要。
3、不属于隐私的情况:与社会公共利益、社会政治生活有关的个人的私生活和个人信息,则不属于隐私,不受隐私权保护。
4、隐私权的含义是指公民依法享有私人生活安宁和私人信息保密的权利。隐私权的内容(1)私人生活安宁权(2)个人信息保密权(3)私人通信保密权
5、法律保护隐私的意义:
法律保护公民的隐私权,能够促进社会和谐,维护社会的安定。
6、侵犯隐私权的后果:
侵扰他人隐私的行为,既是违反社会道德的行为,也是违法行为。侵犯他人隐私权的行为,要受到法律的追究。
7、我们应该如何尊重他人隐私?
(1)尊重他人隐私,就要树立隐私意识,矫正不尊重他人隐私的若干陋习。(2)尊重他人隐私,需要强化责任与信誉意识。
(3)保护公民的隐私权,是道德的期盼,有助于树立良好的社会道德风尚。
8、个人隐私权里无不包含着两种最忠实的守护------责任和信誉
9、侵害隐私权的表现:(1)侵扰他人私生活、公开他人隐私的行为;(2)监视、窥视他人私生活,以偷看日记、私拆信件等手段千方百计刺探他人的秘密,道听途说传播他人的隐私,非法利用他人的个人信息等。这些侵害隐私权的行为,既是违反社会道德的行为,也是违法行为。
10、维护隐私不等于自我封闭。
保护隐私不等于自我封闭、与世隔绝。当自己遇到麻烦、产生困惑、出现烦恼时,应学会与值得信任的人沟通和交流,以获得成长所需的理解和帮助。
11、保护自己隐私权的方法(1)运用法律保护隐私权。当隐私权受到侵害时,我们应勇敢地拿起法律武器,采取自行与侵权人协商,请求司法保护等方式,要求侵权人停止侵害、赔礼道歉;若因此造成较大的精神痛苦,还有权要求精神赔偿。
(2)增强自我保护意识,给自己的隐私上把锁。例如认真选择倾诉对象,上网时要掌握网上安全的知识,保护自己的信息。
12、青少年如何增强自我保护隐私的意识?
我们在增强法制观念,依法律己,尊重他人隐私的同时,还要增强自我保护意识,给自己的隐私上把锁。另外,在互联网日益普及的今天,我们在上网时要掌握网上安全运行的知识,以避免个人隐私在网络中被浏览和扩散。
13、公众人物的隐私
公众人物的隐私范围与一般人相比要小得多,公众人物享有有限的隐私权,这是现代社会保护社会公众知情权所必需。公众人物作为社会知名人士,其工作、生活等方面信息属于社会大众感兴趣、极欲了解的社会生活的一部分;公众人物占有更多的社会财富,理应负有更多的社会责任,接受社会的监督。因此,明星的年收入涉及社会分配问题和纳税问题,这已不属于个人隐私,报社有权披露而不属于侵权行为。至于明星婚恋情况只要不违背法律和道德,纯属个人隐私,报刊未经明星同意就刊登其婚恋情况,是侵犯隐私权的表现。
14对‘隐私就是丑事’的说法发表见解
从隐私的概念和内容看,隐私简言之就是与公共利益无关的个人秘密,包括的内容相当广泛,涉及个人的很多方面,如电话号码、身高、收入等。它具有①合法性,②私人性,③隐秘性和④主观性的特点。可见,隐私并非丑事。
第三篇:仁爱英语八年级第二单元知识点整理
Unit 2
Keeping healthy
Topic 1 How are you feeling today?
一、重点短语
1.have a cold/a toothache /a fever/a cough/a backache/a stomachache/a sore throat /the flu /sore eyes
感冒/牙疼/发烧/咳嗽/背疼胃疼/咽喉发炎/流感/眼疼 2.take a rest=have a rest 休息
3.not read for too long 不要看书太久 4.boiled water
开水
5.stay in bed
卧病在床,躺在床上 6.have a good sleep 好好睡一觉
7.feel terrible 感觉难受
8.day and night 日日夜夜
9.You`d better=You had better 你最好...10.not so well 很不好
11.not too bad 没什么大碍
12.much better 好多了
13.go to see a doctor 去看病
14.take /have some medicine 吃药
15.take...to...把...带到...16.send...to...把...送到...17.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 18.lie down 躺下
19.look after=take care of 照看,照顾 20.brush teeth 刷牙
21.have an accident 发生一次意外/事故 22.don`t worry 别担心
23.worry about 担心...24.nothing serious 没什么严重,没什么大碍
25.check over 诊断,仔细检查 26.thank you for...因...而感谢你
27.buy...for...为...买...28.not...until...直到...才...29.ice cream 冰淇淋
30.both...and......和...都是...31.take some cold pills 吃感冒药 32.plenty of 许多,大量
二、重点句型
1.What`s wrong with you/him/her?你/他/她怎么了?
What`s the matter with...?
What`s the trouble with...? 2.You should see a dentist.你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达建议的句子。还可以用以下句式:
you`d better(not)-...how /what about...why not/don`t you...3.I`m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。这是表示同情别人的句子。4.You look pale.你看起来很苍白。(1)在英语中表示气色不好,苍白,不用whit,而用pale
(2)“look ”在这里译作“看起来”,作连系动词,后接形容词。如:
You look beautiful。你看起来很漂亮。与look用法相同的连系动词还有 tast,sound,smell,feel。如:
The soup tastes very delicious.这汤尝起来真香。Your voice sound nice.你的声音听起来很动人。The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。The silk feels smooth 丝绸摸起来很光滑。
5.------Shall I take you to the hospital?我送你去医院吧?
-------No,thank you.不用,谢谢。Shall I do...需要我做-...吗? take sb to...把某人送到某地
6.I`ll take some medicine and see how it goes.我打算先吃药看看情况再说。“goes”在这里指事情的进展。“it ”用来代指病情。如: How is everything going?一切进展如何? Everything is going well.一切进展顺利。
7.You`d better drink hot tea with honey.你最好喝加蜂蜜的热茶。
tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的茶,with表示一种伴随状态。类似的表达还有:
some coffee with sugar and milk加了牛奶和糖的咖啡
some tea without sugar不加糖的茶
8.Michael had an accident yesterday.昨天迈克发生了事故。
had an accident发生了事故
9.But my left leg still hurts when I move it.可是当我挪动脚时,还是有点儿疼。句中“hurt”译为“疼痛”,作不及物动词。后不可接宾语。
如: my head hurts.10.Your X-rays show it`s nothing serious.你的X光照片显示没什么严重的问题。nothing serious 没什么严重的。nothing,something,anything等不定代词,被形容词修饰时,形容词位于其后。如:
I have something important to say.我有一些重要的事情要说。
11.Stay in bed and don`t move your leg too much.躺在床上,不要总是挪动你的腿。12.Michael`s friends bought some chocolate for him.迈克的朋友给他买饿一些巧克力。
buy sth for sb.双宾语的运用。使用双宾语时,在人宾前需要使用介词,有时用“to”有时用“for ”,这与动词本身有关,表示动词的方向,多用“to”,表示动词的目的,多用“ for ”
give sth to sb.pass sth to sb.bring sth to sb.take sth to sb.cook sth for sb.buy sth for to sb.13.------but I couldn`t read them until today.但是直到今天我才读了它们。
not...until直到...才...until 在肯定句动词一般用延续性动词,在否定句中动词一般为短暂性动词。如:
He will wait for his father until ten o`clock.他将等他父亲一直到10点钟。He won`t leave until his father comes.他直到他父亲回来才离开。Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking
一、重点短语
1.stay up late熬夜
2.be bad for对...有害
3.be good for对...有益
4.too much太多,过分
5.do morning exercises做早操
6.keep long fingernails长长指甲
7.play sports right进行适当的体育锻炼
8.go to school without breakfast不吃早餐去上学 9.have a bath洗澡
10.take a fresh breath呼吸新鲜空气 11.read...about...读关于..12.Ren`ai English Post仁爱英语报
13.ask sb to do叫某人做某事
14.give up放弃
15.read in the sun在太阳底下看书
16.throw litter about乱扔垃圾
17.on the lawn在草坪上
18.put...into...把...放进...19.exercise on an empty stomach空腹锻炼
20.get into进入
21.keep the air clean and fresh保持空气清新
22.wash hands before meals饭前洗手 23.potato chips炸薯条
二、重点句型
1.Staying up late is bad for your health.熬夜有害健康。
1)stay up late熬夜
2)be bad for对--------有害。类似的短语还有: be good for---对------有好处 3)staying up late is---动名词作主语。当我们需要一个动词充当主语时,常用此动词的动名词(即doing)形式。如:
Playing basketball is good for your heath.打篮球对你的身体有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.躺在床上看书对眼睛有害。Swimming is my hobby.游泳是我的爱好.2.It will keep you active during the day.它会使你在白天保持活力。
keep sth/sb.+adj.保持某物/某人在某种状态。如: keep your fingersails clean.保持你的指甲干净。keep our streets clean.让街道保持干净。
3.Different foods help us in different ways不同的食物对我们有不同的作用.in different ways.译为“用不同的方式”。
4.If we eat too littele or too much food....如果我们吃太少或太多食物...little 少得几乎没有,表否定,修饰不可数名词。a little有一些,表示肯定,修饰不可数名词。
与 little,a little类似的用法的还有 few,a few。few少得几乎没有,表否定,修饰可数名词。
a few有一些,表示肯定,修饰可数名词。
5.Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health.散步是很好的锻炼,它是身体健康必不可少的。
be necessary for...对...来说是必不可少的如:
Sunshine is necessary for our life.阳光对于我们的生活来说是必不可少的。Food is necessary for life.食物是生命所必需的。
三、语法学习
1)情态动词must及其否定形式 must not
must 译为“必须做...”其否定意义“不必做...”,用don`t have to 表示,而不用must not。如:
——must Ifinish it tonight? ——No, you don`t have to.而must not 译作“禁止做...”。如: You must not throw litter about.Don`t throw litter about.别到处乱扔垃圾。2)情态动词may may有两种含义,表示请求允许,译作“可以”。如: May I come in ?我可以进来吗? 表示推测,译作“可能”。如:
You may get a headache when you work too hard.当你工作太累时你可能回感到头疼。
You may get a headache when you can`t get enough sleep.当你睡眠不足时,你可能会头疼。
enough sleep 充足的睡眠。
enough 修饰名词时放在前后均可;当它修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词后面。如:
strong enough足够强壮
Topic 3what should we do to fight SARS?
一、重点短语 1.hurry up快点,赶快
2.go ahead(尤指经某人允许)开始,干下去,走在前面,领先 3.do more exercise多锻炼
4.do some cleaning做扫除 5.all the time一直
6.have to不得不,必须 7.keep away远离...8.just a moment稍等一会儿 9.get through拨通(电话);通过
10.take care of照顾
11.care for照顾(病人);照料;喜欢
12.talk with和----交谈
13.enjoy oneself过得愉快
14.Chinese medicine中药 15.since then从那时起
16.get lost丢失了,迷路
17.on one`s way to...在某人去...的路上
18.by mistake错误地
19.ask for leave请假
20.healthy food健康食物
21.crowded places拥挤的地方
22.do one`s best尽力
23.change clothes often常换衣服
24.wash hands often常洗手
25.ring...up打电话给...26.leave a message 留口信
27.take a message带口信
28.call...back给...回电话
29.take an active part in积极参加
30.the name of......的名称
31.what do you think of..?你认为..怎么样? 32.have a good time=enjoy oneself过得愉快 33.next time下次
34.let..out让..出去
35.teach oneself on the Internet网上自学 36.be afraid of害怕.,恐惧.二、重点句型
1.Sure,go ahead.当然可以,请问吧!
ahead 意思是向前,这里的go ahead原意为向前走,在这里译作继续问问题,相当于go on 2.Please tell my father to take care of himself 请告诉我爸爸照顾好自己。take care of 照顾,照料。同义词:look after tell sb to do sth
ask sb to do sth
want sb to do sth
get sb to do sth
表示让某人去做某时事 3.can I take a message?我能为您梢个口信吗?
take a message 梢口信
leave a message 留口信 give a message to给某人一个口信
4.I`ll tell her when she comes back.她一回来我就告诉她。
本句是由when引导的时间状语从句。当主句的动词用一般将来时时,从句一般用现在时。如:
He`ll phoneme when he arrives in Beijing.当他到北京时,他将回给我打电话。5.------,he took an active part in the battle against it.他积极投身于抗击“非典”的战斗中。
against 与---相对抗
take part in参加;加入到某种活动中 take an active part in积极参加,如: You should take an active part in the sports meet in your school.你应该积极参加你们学校的运动会。
6.He cared for the patients.他日夜关心着病人。care for sb---关心某人
7.It`s my duty to save the patients.救治病人是我的职责。
it`s...to do...做某事是...在此句式中,“to do..”是真正的主语,而“it ”是形式主语,类似的句式有:
It`s dangerous to climb the tree.怕树很危险。8.Long time no see.好久没见!
这是一句常用口语,在久别重逢的朋友之间,还可以说 “Haven`t seen you for a long time!”。
9.I tought myself on the Internet.我在网上自学。
1)on the Internet 在网络上。介词on用来表示在网上、电视上、收音机里、电话里。如:
2)on the phone,on the radio,on tv 3)teach oneself自学,近义词组为: learn by oneself 10.How often does Mr Brown exercise? 布朗先生多长时间锻炼一次? how often对频率提问,回答用 once/twice/three times..a day/a week/; exercise在这里为动词,意思是“锻炼,运动”。
三、语法学习1.反身代词的形式
2、反身代词的用法
1)“by+反身代词”表示“单独地,独自一人地”。如:
The boy couldn`t make the model plane by himself那个男孩不能独自制作飞机模型。
2)反身代词常与一些动词连用。如:
“teach+反身代词”表示“自学”;“ hurt+反身代词”表示“伤到自己”。如: Jane teaches herself English.简自学英语。
Lily fell down and hurt herself yesterday.昨天莉莉自己摔伤了。注:反身代词与个别动词搭配使用,意思发生变化。如: “help +反身代词+to...”表示“随便吃...; “ enjoy+反身代词”表示“...玩得开心”。
Help yourself to some strawberries,please.请随便吃些草莓。
They enjoyed themselves at the party last night.昨晚在晚会上他们玩得很开心。3)反身代词作名词或代词的同位语时,起加强语气的作用,可译为“亲自,本人”。如:
You `d better ask your teacher about it yourself.你最好亲自去问你的老师。
第四篇:新版八年级英语下册第三单元知识点归纳
新版八年级英语下册第三单元知识点归纳
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
一、Peter ,could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗?----sure,mom.Could you please do sth ?请你(做)......好吗? 用于提出请求,希望得到对方的肯定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答: Sorry , I can’t
2、take out 取出(v+ adv)
【注】: 跟代词做宾语,代词放中间;跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边 take 有关的短语: take out 带出去,取出
Please take out a piece of paper.请拿出一张纸。
Please take it out.请把它拿出来。take...out “把„„带出去”
My father is taking me out to go for a drive.我爸爸要带我出去开车。(1)take off 脱下;(飞机)起飞
----Please take off your coat(外套), It’s warm here.---The plane took off at 9:00 am.【短语】take out the trash/rubbish 倒垃圾 take away 拿走,取走
take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下; 起飞
(2)take „to „把...带到...(3)take sb.for a walk 带某人去散步 take a walk 散步(4)take exercise 运动,锻炼(5)take one’s time 不用急,慢慢来(6)take a bus(ship/train)乘坐公共汽车(7)take turns 轮流,替换(8)It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间 3.Can you do the dishes.?那你可以洗盘子吗?
do the dishes 洗碗
【结构1】do the +名词: do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生
【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业
【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物 4.could you please help out with a few things? help out动词短语,表示在某人繁忙或 遇到困难时“给予帮助”。
help和out之间还可以加入具体的“人”。
e.g.He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。
They helped(us)out with the clean-up.他们帮助我们做大扫除。
5.Because Mom will back from shopping any minute now.因为妈妈马上回来购物。
6.any minute now 一种常见的口语表达法,相当于“随时;马上;在任何时刻”的意思,e.g.Don’t worry, he will come here any minute now.别担心, 他会马上来这儿。7.Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗? 1】Could I do sth? 我可以做......吗?
用于表达请求,语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend? 2】at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反)at most 至多 3】finish v 结束;完成 finish doing sth 做完某事
eg— Can you finish reading these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you!我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
How time is flies!Three yearsisreally a short time.时光飞逝!三年真的是短暂的时光。【解析1】enough 足够的,充分的(在句中作定语或表语)
I don’t have enough money with me.我没有足够的钱。【解析2】足够;充分(放在形容词;副词后)
The river is deep enough for swimming.这条河够深,可以游泳。
【记】 Mr.Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.史米斯先生有足够的钱,但他不够好心帮助别人
【注意】enough 修饰名词时,置于名词前;修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后。
6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好,再把碗洗了吗? 【解析】take out 拿出;取出 take 的用法:
Please take some books to the classroom.请带一些书到教室去。
Take this medicine three times a day.这药一天服三次。They usually take the bus to work.他们通常乘公共汽车去上班。
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.我每天花两个小时做作业。短语 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下;起飞 take up 占据
take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急;慢慢来 take one’s temperature 量体温 7.The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。
【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一......就......”
Please write to me the minute you get there.【解析2】 in front of指在物体外部的前面
There is a bike in front of the classroom.教室前面有一辆自行车。指在物体内部的前面
Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 我们的老师正站在教室的前面 【记】 The driver sat _in the front of_ the car.The policeman stood ___in front of_ the car.【注意】有the无the区别大:
at table 吃饭;进餐 in hospital 住院
at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院(不一定看病)【解析3】come over 过来
【拓展】 come 短语:
come across(偶然)发现 come back 回来 come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于 come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点 come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来 7.You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你总是看电视,从不帮忙做家务!
all the time = always 一直;总是
8.I’m just as tired as you are!我和你一样累!【解析】as...as...和......一样......9.For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做。
【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人(主语)也不” ⑴ neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定 Neither Tom nor Jim is a student ⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”
—The first one wasn’t bad.— Neither was the second.第一个并不坏。-第二个也不是。10.The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.第二天,妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语 【注】find → found →found v寻找
(1)find sb.doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2)find it + adj.+ to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found _it__ hard to finish the work by herself.她发现自己很难完成这项工作。
11.She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise 惊奇地;吃惊地
surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj.令人吃惊的 →surprised adj.吃惊的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊 To my surprise_(使我吃惊的是),he got the first prize in the exam.12.“ I’m so sorry, Mom.I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.“对不起,妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。
【解析1】need v 需要 用于肯定句,是实义动词。
(1)人做主语,sb.need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语,sth need doing sth= sth need to be done ①Students need ___to have_(have)a good rest in studying.②The watch needs__mending___(mend).手表需要修。用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t
— Must I go there now? — Yes,you must/No, you needn’t
【解析2】share 分享;共用 share sth 分享或共用某物 share sth with sb.与某人分享某物(All his friends __Shared___ his happiness when he won the match.13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗?
【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起 14.Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗?
【解析】pass ⑴v 给;递;走过;通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students.⑵ v 通过;路过 I pass your home.⑶ v 通过(考试);及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15.Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗? 【解析】borrow /lend/keep(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用,尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow sth from sb.从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.(3)keep 保留,保存(延续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】 【记】 I want to _borrow__ a bike from my friend but he didn’t _lend___ it to me, because Tom had _kept____ it for two days.16.I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了,伤口不能弄湿。
【解析】try(not)to do sth努力(不)做某事。try v 试图,设法,努力 【拓展】(1)try on 试穿
(2)try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
(3)try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 17.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务。
hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.我讨厌麻烦他 hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room.她讨厌在房间里抽烟。
18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗?
【解析】ask sb.to do sth 要求某人做某事。
ask for 请求,要某物
ask sb.about sth 向某人询问关于某事(1)ask sb.for help 向某人请求帮助(2)ask sb.(not)to do sth请求某人做某事 ask构成的短语: 短语 含义
ask sb.to do sth 请某人做某事 ask sb.not to do sth 不让某人做某事 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 ask for help 寻求帮助
19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候,我将完成我的家庭作业。
【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事
— Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10 o’clock? 你能在十点前读完这些书吗? — Yes, I can.【解析2】while conj.“在……期间; 当……的时候” While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。
_While __ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.当孩子们玩得开心时,父母可以在海滩上上舞蹈课。【解析3】help sb.with sth.在某事上帮助某人。【注】help v 帮助 → helpful adj.有帮助的
(1)help sb.do sth.=help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下 ①I think reading is very __helpful____(help).② __Without____ your help, we couldn’t catch the thief.抓住小偷。20.Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗? 【解析】invite sb.to Sp.邀请某人去某地 【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请(1)invite sb.to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb.to +地点 邀请某人去某地
21.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb.do sth 让某人做某事 make → made →made v.做,制作,使得
(1)make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy(2)make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.Colors can change our moods and make us _feel__ happy or sad, energetic or sleep.颜色可以改变我们的心情,使我们感到高兴或悲伤,精力充沛或睡眠。22.They don’t have time to study and do housework,too.他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事 have time =be free 有空
23.Housework is a waste of their time.做家务是在浪费他们的时间。
【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱 waste v “浪费”
waste time/money on sth waste time / money(in)doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱 Don’t _waste_water.Can’t you see the sign “save water”?不要浪费水。你看不到“节约用水”的牌子吗? 24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学,他们应该把时间用在学习上。【解析1】spend...on sth 在某事上花费......spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb.+spend +时间/钱+(in)doing sth ◆spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the computer games.他花太多时间在电脑游戏上。
Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.记得花些时间和你所爱的人在一起,因为他们不会永远在你身边。My father _spent_ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.我父亲花了十万元买他的新车
(2)pay →paid →paid v 支付,主语是人
◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.— How much did you pay for this computer? 你花了多少钱买这台电脑 — Five hundred dollars.(3)cost→ cost→ cost v 花费,主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb.+钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money.I bought a new sweater last weekend.It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.上周末我买了一件新毛衣。我花了120元
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间 It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.他花了3个小时做作业。
【解析2】in order to “目的是;为了” 后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事 He ran quickly in order not __to be___ late for the meeting.他跑得很快,为了不迟到。【解析3】get into =enter 进入 【拓展】与get相关的短语:
get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服
get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车 get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧 get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事 get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会
get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关:(be asleep睡着)25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.而且,当他们长大的时候,他们也将会做家务,因此,他们没必要现在在做。【解析】get older 长大 get/ become/ go辨析:
⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer.天变得越来越长
⑵ become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.天气变得越来越冷。⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏,go blind变瞎,go hungry挨饿
26.It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【解析】provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物 provide v 提供
provide sb.with sth.(sb 前介词用for)=provide sth for sb.(sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物
相当于:offer sb.sth.= offer sth to sb.provide 为应急等做好准备而“提供; 供给” provide sb.with sth.=provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer 侧重表示“愿意给予” offer sb.sth.= offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
supply 定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品 Supply sb.with sth=supply sth.to sb.为某人提供某物
①The Internet provides us _with__a lot of _information___we need.因特网给我们提供了许多我们需要的信息。
② —Could you please provide us _with___ some information about the students’ health? — Of course, it’s my pleasure.你能为我们提供一些关于学生的健康信息?当然,这是我的荣幸。
27.And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.无论如何,我认为做家务并不那么难。
【解析】anyway 无论如何,(一般放在句首,用逗号和句子隔开)
28.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.我认为对孩子们来说,学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。【解析】It is important for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的
29.Children these days depend on their parents too much.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。
【解析】depend on 依靠;信赖
—— Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? —— Well, it all ___depends on____ the weather.30....Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。
【解析1】 do one’s part 尽职责;尽本分 Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责 【解析2】keep +sth /sb.+adj.“使......处于某种状态”
Her mother asked her to keep the windows __open__ and the door __closed__.她妈妈叫她把窗户打开,关上了门
keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj.We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持;继续”
(1)keep(on)doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working He kept on __ talking__ after the ball rang for class.他不停地球响下课后说。(2)keep sb.Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.My teacher kept me __doing___ homework all the afternoon.对不起,让您久等了。我的老师让我整个下午做作业。
31.Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教 他们如何照顾自己。【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识
develop v→development n 发展→developing adj.发展的→developed adj.发达的 a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家 China is a __developing___country.32.Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里,他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参与。
【解析】since conj.既然(表示对方已知的事实或理由,常放在句首)
.—You have been in Neijiang very long? —Yeah.__Since___my parents came here.你在内江已经有很长时间了吗?-是的。因为我的父母来到这里。
33.Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself.我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学,但是在第一年的时候,他还不知道如何照顾自己。
take care of 照顾Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go.I need to ___take care of___ my baby at home.【拓展】与take相关的短语:
take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出)take care当心 take a walk散步
take medicine服药 take place发生take one’s temperature量体温
take one’s time别着急
34.As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped.结果,他常常生病,功课也落下了。
【解析1】as a result 结果(插入语,放在句首,用逗号隔开)
Don’t ask him too late into the night, __As a result___ , he is only a small child.不要太深夜问他,作为一个结果,他只是一个小孩。【解析2】fall ill 生病 fall asleep 入睡
35.The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来越好。
【解析】the + 比较级,the + 比较级 “越......越......”
The more you smile, the happieryou will feel.你笑得越多,你就会感觉到快乐。
第五篇:新版八年级英语下册第四单元知识点归纳
新版八年级英语下册第四单元知识点归纳
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
Why don’t you talk to your parents? 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢? 【解析】Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢? 【拓展】用于提建议的句型有:
(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样?(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢?(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗?(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事(6)Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗?(7)Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗?(8)Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事吗? 【回答】
(1).同意对方的建议时,一般用:
◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea.好主意 ◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了
◆ Yes, please./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意
◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法
◆ No problem 没问题
◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以
◆Yes, I think so 对,我也这样想
(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用:
◆ I don’t think so 我认为不是这样
◆Sorry, I can’t 对不起,我不能
◆I’d love to, but…
◆ I’m afraid…我愿意,但恐怕……
I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep.我要学的太多,因此我睡眠不足。【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people(2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework(3)much too +形容词 太… much too cold 【解析2】so conj.因此(表示因果关系,后面跟表示结果的句子,不与because同时使用)
My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。
【解析】allow sb.to do sth 允许某人做某事 【拓展】allow v 允许
allow doing sth 允许做某事 They don’t allow smoking.allow sb.to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
①We don’t allow ___________(smoke)in the reading room.②Our teacher allows us ____________(go)out for a walk.③The boy should be allowed____(play)after supper.④We won’t allow ________in the cinema.But you are allowed ______in the rest room.(smoke)⑤Teenagers should ___________(allow)to choose their own clothes.【拓展】allow与let的辨析:
allow指―允许‖,表示―默许,听任,不加阻止‖,allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。
Let指―让‖,let sb do sth让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中,let不能用于被动语态。4.What’s wrong? 怎么啦?
【解析】What’s wrong(with sb./ sth)(某人/物)怎么了?
I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night.我真的很累,因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。【解析】until 直到......时
Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening?今天晚上你为什么不早点睡觉呢? 【解析】go to sleep 去睡觉(强调―入睡,睡着‖这一动作)7.You look sad, Kim.金,你看起来很伤心。【解析】look 看起来(系动词,后跟形容词作宾语)【【拓展】:系动词:后跟adj.作表语
一是:(be)am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静
二保持:stay/keep(表示持续状态)stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康 三变化:become/get/turn(表示状态变化)五起来:sound/look/smell/taste/feel(表示感觉)
()Jack usually gets ______ when he speaks in public.A.happily B.exciting C.worried D.tired()Tom’s father looks very _____.But he is very kind.A.seriously B.serious C.friendly You ____ call him up.你____ 给他打电话。
【解析】call up(v + adv)call on 拜访;号召 I call up my parents every Sunday.9.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.哦,昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。
【解析1】find sb.doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr.Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.类似动词:hear,watch, see, feel 【解析2】look through 浏览 【拓展】与look相关的短语:
look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through look out look up look around look forward to 10.Yes, but I’m still angry with her.是的,但是我仍然很生她的气。【解析】be angry with sb.生某人的气
【拓展】angry adj.生气的→ angrily adv.生气地
(1)be angry with sb.=be mad at sb.对某人生气【with后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气
【记】 My father was very __________(对……生气)his computer.He hit the computer _______(angry)()— Why are you unhappy, Kate? — I didn’t finish my homework again.I’m afraid Miss Gao will be ___ me.A.angry with B.friendly to C.proud of()I was very angry ____ myself ___ making such as a stupid mistakes.A.at;at B.with;for C.at;with D.with;at 11.Although she’s wrong, It’s not a big deal.尽管她错了,但也不是什么大错。【解析1】although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句。【注】though / although 不能与but连用 【拓展】although/however辨析
⑴although conj,―虽然;即使;纵然‖,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了,但身体还很健壮。⑵ however adv,在句中作插入语,起一个连词的作用,一般用逗号与句子分开,可以放在句首或句中,意为―然而,尽管如此‖。
It’s raining hard, However, I think we should go out.雨下的很大。尽管如此,我认为我们还应该出去。
【解析2】It’s not a big deal.没什么大不了;不是什么大事(常用于口语中)You left your homework at home.你把作业忘在家里了。
【解析】leave v 遗忘,留下 leave sth.somewhere把某物忘在某地 leave sb.by oneself 把某人单独留下
12.Hope things work out.希望事情顺利解决。【解析1】hope v 希望
hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin.hope + that 从句(表示希望)I hope that you’ll be better soon wish v 希望 wish to do sth I wish to visit Guilin.wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.wish +that 从句 表示愿望,从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you.【解析2】work out 解决;成功地发展,后跟fine,well, badly等词,表明产生的结果如何。
13.My problem is I can’t get on with my favorite.我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。【解析】get on with sb.和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好 =get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏
14.When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候,就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。【解析1】argue 争吵
→argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论
argue with sb.与某人争吵 argue with sb.about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事
argue against 争辩;反对 He argued against the plan 【解析2】 hang over 挂在......之上; 悬浮在......之上 hang out 闲逛;常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.hang on to 紧紧抓住 You’d better hang on to me in the crowd.hang up 挂电话;悬挂 After she finished her conversation 15.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me.【解析】elder adj.年纪较长的 His elder brother is ill.elder 用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系,常用作定语
older 泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系,可以用作表语,是old的比较级形式。【记】 My ______brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.【解析2】be nice to sb.对某人友好 be friendly to sb.be good to sb.16.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show.他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。
【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事 ①The boy refused __________(go)to see his father with us.()②He refused when I asked him for help.A.said yes B.said no C.said hello 17.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反,他却想看什么酒看什么,一直到深夜。【解析1】 instead 代替,反而,替
(1)instead 副词,代替,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了,所以我去了。(2)instead of +n/doing 代替,而不是,放在句中
instead of 为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。
She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him.She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打电话,而是给他写了封信。
Health is very important to us.We should eat more vegetables and fruit _____ rich food.A.instead B.instead of C.because of D.because 【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何,每一
18.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help.如果你的父母有问题,你应该主动提供帮助。
【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 【拓展】offer v 主动给予(1)offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
(2)offer sb.sth= offer sth to sb.主动提供给某人某物
()The little boy _____ his seat to the old lady on the crowded bus.A.offered B.brought C.lent D.took 19.Secondly,why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? 其次,你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢? 【解析1】secondly adv.第二;其次
【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流;沟通communicate with sb.和某人交流
They communicate with each other by QQ.()They can’t understand each other so they have difficulty in _____.A.communicate B.communicated C.communicating 20.You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time.你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。
【解析】explain 解释;说明 → explanation n 解释;说明
explain sth to sb.向某人解释某事。explain to sb sth给某人解释某事 21.I’m worried about my school grades.我很胆小我的学习成绩。【解析】 be worried about sth.担心某事
【拓展】worry v 担心 → worried adj.焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为…担心 ①Don’t be _________(worry).You’ll catch up with others.()② Don’t ____ about things so much.It will make you stressed out.afraid B.worry C.worried D.Terrified 22.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.我堂弟借我东西没有还我。【解析】return ⑴v 归还=give back return...to...= give back to...把......还给......⑵ v 回来;返回 = come back 23.My parents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。【解析】press v 按;压 →pressure压力
⑴不可数名词(物理学)压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压
⑵不可数名词 还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下 24.I have to compete with my classmates at school.在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。【解析】compete v竞争;对抗 → competition n 竞争
compete with sb.和某人竞争compete against/ with 与……竞争compete for 为……参加比赛
We are ready for the coming ________________(compete).25.You should all be ___ each other to improve.你们都应该互相____ 而全面发展。【解析】improve =make...better 改进 →improvement n 提高
26.Who gives their opinions about the problem? 对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。
【解析】opinion n 意见;想法;看法 in one’s opinion 以某人的观点;在某人看来 give opinions about sth.给出关于某事的观点。
27.These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes.目前,中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙,因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes 【口诀】:分开是一段,合起是某时; 分开s 是倍次,合起s是有时
(1)some time一段时间,做时间状语 It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间
(2)sometime adv 在某个时候,(3)some times 名词词组,―几次,几倍‖ Mr.Green went to Sanya some times last summer.(4)sometimes=at times 有时(一般现在时的标志词)()I hope to visit the USA _____ in the future.A.sometimes B.some times C.sometime D.some time 28.Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win.其他人正在练习体育运动,这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜。
【解析】 others pron.―其他的人或事物‖There are other ways of doing it.做这事还有其他的办法。
()My sister is outgoing.She likes making friends with ____.A.other B.another C.the other D.others 29.The Taylors are a typical American family.泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。
【解析1】The Taylors 泰勒一家。在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示―全家人或夫妻两人‖,使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.【解析】typical 典型的 be typical of ―是……的特点‖
30..Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future.或许我可以减少他们的一些活动,但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。【解析】cut out 删除;删去(v+adv)You’d better cut out that sentence.cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断(水、电)供应
()Don’t ___ when others talk;it’s impolite.A.cut out B.cut in C.cut down D.cut off 31.I really want them to be successful.我真的很想他们成功。
【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功,达到 →success n 成功 →successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地 ◆succeed in doing sth ①If at first you don’t ____________(success).try, try again.()② She works very hard ,so she will ____ in ____ the exam.A.successful;pass B.success;passing C.succeed;passing D.successful;passing 32.It’s time for homework.该写作业了。
【解析】It’s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了。It’s time for lunch.It’s time to do sth It’s time to go to school.()It’s 9:30 pm., children!_____ is time to go to bed.A.That B.It C.This D.They In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older.在有些家庭,竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了,一直持续到他们长大。【解析】continue 继续;持续
【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事(前后不是同一件事)①Let’s continue____________(read)the text.②Many students hope to continue ________(study)after _______(finish)school.()③ The two teams continued _____ the game after half an hour.A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 【拓展】continue,go on, last辨析
⑴continue v.继续,持续,指进程在时间或空间上的延续,强调持续不断,有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。
He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。⑵ go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续,或以某种特定方式继续。go on to do sth继续做某事,指开始做另外一件事; go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情。
After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.做完家庭作业之后,他继续去预习他的研究。
⑶last v.持续,延续,维持,指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续,说明某一动作要延续一段时间。
She won’t last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久。
34.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes.妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。
【解析1】send→ sent → sent v 发送
【短语】: send away 赶走 send for 派人去请
send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射send sb.sth = send sth to sb.送给某人某物
【注】类似的动词有:show(展示; 给……看)give(给)lend(借出)offer(提供)return(归还)tell(告诉)
()① You fill in both parts of the form, then_____.A.send up it B.send for it C.send it away D.send it off()Please send a photo of your family ____ me.A.for B.at C.to D.with 【解析2】all kinds of 各种各样的【拓展】kind(1)n 种类
kind of +adj.有点,有几分,kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的,某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的
different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…?那种
(2)adj.友好的 be kind to sb.= be good to sb.=be friendly to sb.对某人友好 【辨析】kind of 与kinds of: ○1kind of 单独用,表示―有点‖,后接形容词或副词: He is kind of thin.‖他有点瘦‖ I feel kind of hungry.‖我有点饿‖
Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly.王叔叔说得有点快。
○2若kind of前有a, this, that, what等,译为―种,种类‖ 后加名词。
That kind of question is difficult to answer.那类问题难回答。What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动?
()①This kind of skirt looks ___ and sells _____.A.nice;well B.nice;good C.well;well D.good;nice()②—What ____ animals do you like? — Monkeys.I think they’re _____ clever.A.kind of;kind of B.a kind of;a kind of C.kind of;a kind D.a kind of;kind of()③ — It’s going to rain.Let me fetch an umbrella for you.— Thank you!You are so ____.A.lucky B.kind C.relaxed D.Interesting 【2013浙江台州】17.—I want to see the movie Iron Man 3(《钢铁3》).Do you know the ______ of the ticket? —Yes.Five dollars.A.number B.price C.kind D.name 35..Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves, too.孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考。
【解析】have time to do sth 有时间做某事
36.And they are always comparing them with other children.她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较。
【解析】compare A with B 将A和B 比较
(1)compare…with… 把……与…..做比较
(2)compare…to… 把…..比做……
()①.People often compare a teacher a candle.A.to B.into C.as D.with()②.It’s necessary English Chinese in English study.A.compare;to B.to compare;with C.comparing;to D.to compare;into 【2011四川广元】— Why are most children under too much pressure ? — Because their parents always compare them ___ others.A.With B.by C.to 37.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s development.医生说太多的压力不利于孩子们的发展。
【解析1】be good for 对......有好处
【拓展】good(better;best)adj.好的 → goodness n 好处;善行 ;美德
be good for 对….有益处(反)be bad for对…有害处 be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事 be good to sb.=be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好
【记】The boy is good ______me.He is good ______English , and he tells me oral practice is good ______improve spoken English.38.Dr.Alice Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children.爱丽丝.格林医生说所有的这些活动可能给孩子们带来很多压力。【解析】 cause v.造成,使发生
(1)cause sb.to do sth 使某人做某事(2)cause sb.for sb.给某人添麻烦()①She always ___ trouble ___ people.A.cause;to B.cause;for C.causing;to D.causing;for()②Every year driving after drinking wine ____ a lot of traffic accidents.A.happens B.provides C.causes 【拓展】 cause, reason, excuse辨析
⑴cause n.原因,指引起某种结果的―原因‖,后接介词of.The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.事故的原因是他开车开的太快。
⑵reason n.理由,原因,指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由。
The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn’t want to miss an important meeting.他开车如此快的原因是他不想错过一个重要的会议。
⑶excuse n.辩解,借口,指对某种行为所做的解释,可以是真的,也可以是托词。He made a good excuse for his driving.他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口。()What ___ the flowers to die? A.made B.had C.caused D.get()Do you often ___ trouble ____ your parents? A.get;into B.pay;for C.cause;for D.give;to 39..In my opinion, it is important for children/ parents to...我认为,对于孩子们/父母来说,......是重要的。
【解析】in one’s opinion 以某人的观点; 在某人看来
40.Perhaps children/ parents should / could......或许孩子们/父母应该/ 可能.......【解析】perhaps 也许;可能
【拓展】perhaps,probably,possibly,maybe辨析 ⑴perhaps意为―也许,可能‖,一般指比较小的可能性。
Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure.也许我后天去看他,不过我不能确定。
⑵probably―很可能,大概‖,其可能性最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议。⑶possibly意为―可能,或许,也许‖,可能性较大。
I’ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow.我今天要见你,不过也可能是明天。⑷maybe―或许,大概‖,主要用于非正式场合,常用在口语中,语气比perhaps轻。Maybe you put the letter in your basket.或许你把信放在你的篮子里了。41.It’s crazy.这是疯狂的。
【解析】crazy.adj.不理智的;疯狂的(在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语)be crazy about 对……着迷;热衷于…… I’m crazy about football.42.Does Cathy Taylor think it’s important for kids to join after-school activities? 凯西.泰勒认为对于孩子们而言参加课文活动重要吗?
【解析】It’s + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary)+(for sb.)to do sth
【注】若形容词表示事物特征的,如:easy ,difficult, hard ,important等,须用介词for 【形容物,用for】
It’s +adj(kind, honest, friendly,)+(of sb)to do sth.【注】 若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点,如:good ,kind ,nice, wrong等,用介词of。【形容人用of】
【2012山东东营】It’s very convenient ___ us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet.A.to B.of C.by D.for ① It’s important for us _______(learn)English well.②It’s hard for us ____________(finish)this task in two days.()③ It’s very nice ____ you to help me a lot.A.for B.of C.in D.on()④ –It’s very ___ of you to work out the problem for me.A.kind B.polite C.clever D.easy 43.keep on happening 持续发生
【解析】keep on doing 继续做某事 keep sb.doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上
keep sb.from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避开 Mr.Li kept _________(work)here for nearly 30 years.二、重点语法 1.情态动词should与could的用法 should的用法
should为情态动词,表示劝告、建议,意为―应该‖,它和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,其否定形式为shouldn’t。
Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。could的用法
情态动词could既是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式为couldn’t。
My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。
You could go out and buy her some medicine.你可以出去给他买些药。
()The girl_____ read before she went to school.A.Could B.Couldn’t C.Should D.May 2.状语从句
状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。
1).until引导的时间状语从句
until意为―直到;在........之前‖。注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。Until:在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里
如果主句用肯定式,其含义是―一直到……时‖,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是―直到……才……‖, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
The young man read till the light went out.Let’s wait until the rain stops.We won’t start until Bob come Don’t get off until the bus stops.Continue in this direction until you see a sign.一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。
I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。2).so that引导的目的状语从句
so that是连词,意为―为的是,以便‖,引导目的状语从句。注意so that, in order that和in order to在用法上的区别。
Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你。3).although引导的状语从句
although的用法意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but,and,so等连用,但可以和yet,still等词连用。
① Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧,我们还是决定买。② Although he was tired, he went on working.Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize.尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已,却赢得了头等奖。