2008江苏中考讲座(17)听力

第一篇：2008江苏中考讲座(17)听力

2008江苏中考讲座（17）听力理解的考点集汇，讲解和训练

【考点扫描】

听力理解题的要求主要是：

1、能听懂基本上没有生词，贴近学生生活的语言材料；

2、能听懂并正确的辨别所听到的句子；

3、能听懂声音材料中涉及到的主要信息或重要细节；

4、能听懂对话或短文中谈论的要点、中心意思，并根据题目要求做出合理的判 断，如：推理出对话发生的时间、地点、对话人物关系和身份等。【名师解难】 一.训练方法

可能很多同学认为面对听力，总有一种无从下手的感觉。其实尽管中考的听力很难靠猜题和压题来复习，但是中考中的听力测试部分不是随意设计的，它遵循《英语课程标准》的规定和要求，因此同学们只要注意方法，多听多练，就会发现听力部分并没有想象中的那么难。那么我们如何利用好这一年的时间，争取在听力水平上有所提高呢？ 1.首先要充分利用好英语老师在课堂上的语言。一般的英语老师在英语课堂上 都是尽可能的利用英语来组织教学，无论老师说多说少，同学们都可以把这当成练习听力的好机会。在听得不大明白的情况下，要仔细听上下文，从老师前后的语言中来猜测、判断语意，或是根据老师的手势、眼神、动作等来分析，千万不要因为听不大懂而放弃。如果能利用好老师的课堂上的语言，对你的听力会有不少的帮助。

2.在平时的学习和生活中，充分利用国内或国外的优秀的英语广播和电视节目等，选择比较适合自己水平的节目，看比较简单的英语原声电影，等等。现在有很多电视频道和广播都有针对中学生开辟的栏目，同学们不妨每天定期收看，并作好听力记录，把能够听懂的东西记录下来，也可以把不明白的句子或单词记录下来（尽可能地记录），等节目结束后去揣摩或问老师。坚持下来，就会在无形中既提高了听的能力，还能有助于增长词汇量和知识，是帮助学习者打下牢固听力基础的较好方法，并建立语言沟通能力的自信心的有效途。

3.在泛听的基础上，必须安排一定的时间进行专项、综合和强化性听力训练。选择难易适度的材料，先易后难，先慢后快地进行。二.解题技巧

1.先看题后听音：在做听力题时，一定要做到听前先把听力试卷全部看一遍，尤其是听对话和听短文这两种类型，以大概掌握主题内容，缩小听力范围；

2.把握全文：听第一遍时，不要急于做答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄明白文章的大意；

3.边听边记：听的过程中，可以适当地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等等，同时把可能正确的答案做上记号。

4.抓关键词：无论谈话的主题是什么，总会涉及到这类主题的专门用语。抓住这个关键词，谈话地点，人物关系就好确定了。

5.不因前误后：有时一个词或一个句子没有听懂，不必着急。将没听清楚的词或句子放过去，不要影响了下一道题。【中考范例】

陕西省的听力的题目分为三个部分，下面我们按照题目地类型分别加以说明： 1.听句子，选答语

这类题目要求考生在听完一个句子的录音后，从书面的三个备选项中，找出所听到的句子的答语。这类题型在考察中一般属于较易题，考察的重点为大纲中日常交际用语表中所列项目。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第1题：

1.A.I think so.B.Thanks a lot.C.I hope so.录音材料：

1.Wish you good luck in this exam!在解答本题前，同学们通过快速浏览书面选择项，通过特定情景用语的分析，就可将问题的内容基本推测出来。对方向你表示良好地祝愿，你的回答当然是表示感谢。答案为B。

II.听对话，选答案

这类题目让考生听一组对话，在听完对话后，接着由第三者根据对话的内容提出问题，要求考生在领会谈话要旨的基础上，从书面三个备选项中挑选能回答所听到问句的正确答案、或是让考生辨别说话人的职业或者两人之间的关系以及推断谈话发生的场合或地点等。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第6题：

6.A.Weather.B.Business.C.Season.录音材料：

6.W: I am going to London on business.Can you tell me if it rains a lot there? M: Yes, it often rains there.

Question: What are they talking about? 该题中的女士问的是下雨的事，男士回答的也是下雨的事。他们谈论的话题当然是天气。答案为A。III.听短文，选答案

听短文要注意听大意，要善于捕捉整体信息，切莫一个词一个词地听，也不要听一句就翻译一句，更不必因一个词或一个短语没听懂就停步不前，一定要带着短文后的要求和指令去听。听的短文通常是结构紧凑的故事，选用大多是围绕who , when , where , what , how 或why所设的问题。因此，在听的时候应紧紧围绕选项内容作些速记，记下关键词语，理清线索，抓好前后联系，最后才准确做出答案。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第16-20题：

16.Where did Jack work? A.On a farm.B.In an office.C.In a factory.17.How often did he get his money? A.Every month.B.Every week.C.Every half month.18.What happened this month? A.Jack got more money.B.Jack got less money.C.Jack got enough money.19.From this passage we know that ________.A.the manager believe Jack B.Jack wasn’t an honest(诚实的)man C.Jack was an honest man 20.Could Jack go on working in this factory? A.The story didn’t tell us.B.Yes, he could.C.No, he couldn’t.录音材料：

Jack worked in a factory, and at the end of last month he got his money in a paper bag.He opened the bag and found it was wrong.He got fifty more dollars.He put the money carefully in his pocket and said nothing to others.A month later, he got his money again.He found it was wrong again this time.There was not enough money in his paper bag.Then he went to see the manager. “That’s right,” said the manager after Jack told his story.“I made a mistake last month.For one mistake, I can close my eyes.But for two, I can’t.Thank you, Jack.I’ve known you already.I have to choose another man instead of you.I think you should know what do to in the future.”

本题在听短文，选择正确答案的题型中属于较容易题。同学们在听本题前，通过快速浏览试题所给的5个问题及选项，根据所提供的信息，可以推测出短文所涉及的内容是Jack的工作问题。5个问题分别涉及到Jack在那里工作，多长时间拿一次工资，工资出现了多少的问题，Jack诚实不诚实，从而决定了他是否能留下来继续工作。带着这些问题开始听录音。第一遍听音时只听不记，把注意力集中在有关问题的内容上，把握全文大意。第二遍听音时边听边看边记，重点把短文中有关内容与相关的题目对上号，分析判断后就能很快选出正确的答案，即：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C。【满分演练】

（1）

听对话，选答案

1.A.It’s Friday..B.It’s April 23rd C.It’s fine today.2.A.Yes, I’d love to.B.No, I don’t.C.I enjoy reading books.3.A.Sure.B.Certainly not.C.Thanks. 4.A.Me too.B.You’re welcome.C..Thank you.5.A.Yes, I will.B.Yes, please. C.Thank you.It’s lovely.6.A.That’s a good idea.B.I’ll take your advice.C.It’s hard to say.7.A.No, you can’t.B.Sure, I’d love to C.Yes, I want.8.A.Me too.B.Thank you.C.That’s all right. 9.A.From 8:00 to 11:00 B.Five hours.C.At 8:00. 10.A.No, she hasn’t.B.Yes, he hasn’t.C.Yes, never. 听力材料：

1.What’s the date today?

2.Do you enjoy listening to music or reading books? 3.Can I ask for leave tomorrow afternoon? 4.You speak English very fluently.5.Shall I get a taxi for you? 6.Let’s go to the concert, shall we? 7.Would you like to have a game with us? 8.I’m so happy that you could be here at Christmas time.9.Could you tell me what time the plane leaves? 10.She has never been abroad, has she?

（2）听对话，选答案

1.A.Go to the cinema.B.Watch TV. C.Go to a concert. 2.A.In a classroom B.In a hospital.C.In a clothes shop.3.A.To Beijing.B.To Tianjin.C.To Beijing and Tianjin. 4.A.Dumplings.B.Bread and milk.C.Bread only.5.A.7:45 B.8:15. C.7:30.6.A.He was ill in bed all day.B.He had toothache yesterday. C.He was hurt in a traffic accident.

7.A.By bus.B.By car.C.By taxi. 8.A.Eight.B.Nine.C.Five.

9.A.Your sister.B.The man’s sister.C.Alice’s sister. 10.A.Emily is not in.B.The man has got a wrong number.C.She knows Emily very well. 听力材料：

1.M: What do you want to do tonight, Jenny? W: I want to go to the cinema.What about you, Jim? M: Just watch TV at home.Q: What is Jim going to do tonight? 2.M: This shirt is too expensive.Do you have a cheaper one? W: How about this one? It’s only five dollars.M: But I don’t like the colour.Q: Where are the two speakers? 3.M: I want to take a business trip tomorrow.W: How long will you be away, Dad? M: Five or six days.W: And where are you going? M: To Beijing first, and then to Tianjin.Q: Where’s the girl’s father going? 4.M: What do you usually eat for breakfast? W: I used to eat dumplings, but now I’m used to eating bread and milk.Q: What does the lady now eat for breakfast? 5.M: It’s a quarter to eight.Let’s hurry.W: Well, your watch is 15 minutes fast.My watch is only half past seven.Q: What time is it by the girl’s watch?

6.M: Why didn’t Peter come to school yesterday, do you know, Alice? W: It is said he got the flu and stayed in bed all day.Q: What was the matter with Peter yesterday? 7.M: Excuse me, where is the nearest hospital? W: It’s far from here.You can catch the No.8 bus.But there is no bus now.You’d better take a taxi.Question: How will the man go there? 8.M: Did you speak at the meeting? W: Yes, I was the third one.Then five other people spoke after me.Question: How many people made their speeches? 9.M: What’s your sister’s name, Alice? W: Her name is Betty.Question: Who is Betty? 10.M: May I speak to Emily? W: Emily? Oh, no.There is nobody named Emily here.Question: What does the woman mean?

（3）听短文，选答案 I 1.What did the man have to do in the morning? A.He fed the chickens.B.He cleaned the bath-room.C.He carried water for the family.2.Why did the man go to school on foot? A.No bus ran in the direction.B.The school was near.C.His family was poor.3.What did the man do every Sunday? A.He was taken to church three times.B.He stayed at home all day.C.He played in the street.4.What can we learn from what the speaker said? A.He is a retired teacher of history.B.He thinks children were happier in the past.C.He lives on a farm far away from cities.听力材料：

Now, you want to know about life in the past, right? I can tell you.When I was a boy, things were different.I had to get up at six every morning.That was not very bad in summer, but in winter it was cold.And we didn't have any hot water in the house.We had to wash in cold water.We didn't have a bath-room.My dad had some chickens.I had to feed them every morning and then I had to walk to school with my little sister.It was two miles to school and two miles back in the evening.And we had to go to bed at seven o'clock every night.We couldn't watch TV because there wasn't any.On Sundays we had to go to church three times-morning, afternoon and evening.And we couldn't play outside on Sundays.But it wasn't too bad.We had some good times.We could go out and our parents didn't have to worry about us.There weren't so many cars on the roads then, so the streets were safe to play in.And there were not many robbers and thieves in those days.We had to work hard and we weren't able to buy all those things in the shops today.Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier.II 1.A.Three.B.Four.C.Five. 2.A.Because of the food.B.Because of their homework.C.Because of watching TV too long.

3.A.Surf the Internet.B.Paint pictures.C.Play games. 4.A.Boring.B.Colourful.C.Amazing.

5.A.Watching TV less.B.Watching TV more.C.Stopping watching TV 听力材料：

Are you a TV lover? Can you think of your life without TV? Many people think if you turn off your TV, your life will be colourful.They also suggest children should watch less TV.TV can give children big problems.First, it’s bad for your studies, you spend too long on TV, you can’t do well in school.Second, it’s bad for your health, because you watch too long on TV, you can’t do well in school.Second, it’s bad for your health, because you watch too much TV, you’re getting overweight.Your eyesight is getting worse.Third, it’s bad for your family life.While your families are watching TV, they don’t talk too much.Also it has too much fighting.Some children always follow the fighting in real life.If you turn off your TV for a week, maybe you can find something fun to do.Maybe you can read books, learn to swim or paint pictures.What do you think? Would you want to have a try? Questions: 16.How many TV problems are there in the passage? 17.Why are more children getting fatter? 18.What other things can we do according to the passage? 19.What will our lives be like without TV? 20.How can you make your life more interesting? 【练习答案】

(1)1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A(2)1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B(3)I.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B II.1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A

第二篇：2008江苏中考讲座(10)定语从句

2008江苏中考语法讲座（10）定语从句 的考点集汇，讲解和训练

【考点扫描】

中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

1、定语从句的功用和结构

2、关系代词和关系副词的功用

3、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】

一.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如： This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作宾语：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3.作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr.Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如： A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四.关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1)先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：

All that he said is true.(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例】

1.(2004年哈尔滨中考试题)---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?---Yes, he does.A.which B.whose C.where D.who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2.(2004年常州市中考试题)The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.A.who B.where C.what D.that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3.(2004年扬州市中考试题)---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?---He has gone back to Qinghua University.A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4.(2004年益阳市中考试题)I hate people _______ talk much but do little.A.whose B.whom C.which D.who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。【满分演练】 一.单项填空

1.---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?---Oh!It’s Mr.Baker, our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which 5.This is the place _____I have ever visited.A.there B.when C.where D.which 6.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when 7.The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 8.He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 9.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 10.Mr.White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which 11.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where 12.This is the house _______ I want to buy.A.in which B.that C.whose D.where 13.This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A.which B.that C.when D.where 14.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.where 15.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.A.that B.which C.where D.when 二.用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句 1.The boy is my younger brother.He was here a minute ago.2.The old man is a professor.He teaches chemistry in a college.3.Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square.The foreign visitors live there.4.The woman is here now.You were talking about her.5.This is the hall.We listened to the report in it the other day.6.The car was going 90 miles an hour.The car just passed us.7.The man waved to us.The man was my uncle.8.I enjoyed reading the book.You gave me a book last week.9.I prefer the subject.The subject is science.10.I spoke to the man.The man is a professor.三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1.The house _______ we live in is very big.2.The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3.This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.4.The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.6.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.7.She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.8.We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.9.Is this the place _______ your father once lived? 10.I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.【练习答案】 一.1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 二.1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.2.The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.3.Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.4.The woman whom you were talking about is here now.5.This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.6.The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.7.The man who waved us was my uncle.8.I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.9.The subject I prefer is science.10.The man I spoke to is a professor.三.1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when

第三篇：2008江苏中考讲座(11)主谓一致

2008江苏中考语法讲座（11）主谓一致的

考点集汇，讲解和训练

【考点直击】 1.语法一致的原则 2.意义一致的原则 3.邻近一致的原则 【名师点睛】

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致的原则

（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：

He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.（2）由and或both„„and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Both he and I are right.Mr.Black and Mrs.Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如： His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.（5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：

A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.（6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：

Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone.（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.Your trousers are dirty.You’d better change them.如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如： Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.2.意义一致的原则

（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.（2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如： My family is big one.My family are watching TV.（3）不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如： All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.（4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如： Who is your brother? Who are League members?（5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（6）half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：

I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.（7）由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： What she said is correct.What she left me are a few old books.（8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.3.邻近一致的原则

（1）由连词or, either„„or, neither„„nor, not only„but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：

Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.（2）在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

There are two apples and one egg in it.（3）as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。

He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。

（4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Here is a letter and some books for you.【实例解析】

1.(2004年天津市中考试题)How time flies!Ten years ________ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are 答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

2.(2004年南通市中考试题)Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace.They haven’t been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone 答案：D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only„but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。3.(2004年吉林市中考试题)Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.A.nor I am B.nor I are C.or me are D.or me is 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither„nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。4.(2004年包头市中考试题)Look!There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deers C.is a number of deer D.is a number of deers 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）【中考演练】 一.选择填空

1.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.A.is B.was C.are D.were 2.---When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?---I haven’t decided.______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Not only;but also 3.______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.A and B 4._______ of them has his own opinion.A.Both B.Some C.Every D.Each 5.Are there any _______ on the farm? A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep 6.My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.A.are;are B.are;is C.is;is D.is;are 7.------Two months _______ quite a long time.------Yes.I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A.is B.are C.was D.were 8.The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him.A.both B.none C.neither D.all 9.Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time.A.be B.is C.are D.were 10.Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.A.is B.was C.are D.were 11.Most of the houses _______ this year.A.has built B.have built C.has been built D.have been built 12.I think maths _____ very difficult to learn.A.is B.are C.has D.have 13.A large number of students _____ to work in Xinjiang.A.have gone B.has gone C.goes D.is going 14.The number of the students in the class ______ small.A.are B.is C.have D.were 15.There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.A.is B.are C.was D.were 二.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1._____(be)everything OK? 2.Nobody _______(know)the answer to the question.3.Ten divided by two _______(be)five.4.Most of the drinking water ______(be)from the Black River.5.Not only she but also I _______(do)morning exercises every day.6.Either you or she _____(have)made a wrong decision.7.The family _____(be)spending the weekend together.8.Bread and butter ______(be)her daily breakfast.9.The police _____(be)trying to catch the thief.10.The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.三.翻译下列句子

1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。___________________________.2.我的茶杯里没有水了。___________________________.3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。___________________________.4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。___________________________.5.我们家正在一起度周末。___________________________.【练习答案】

一.1.B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A 二.1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was;were 三.1.Neither of us has seen the film.2.There is no water in my cup.3.Either he or I is going there.4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.5.Our family are spending the weekend together.

第四篇：2008江苏中考讲座(19)补全对话

2008江苏中考讲座（19）补全对话考点集汇，讲解和训练

【考点扫描】

补全对话是以书面形式考查考生英语口头交际能力和逻辑思维能力的一种题型。该题给考生三段对话，每段对话挖去3-4个句子，让考生把挖去的句子补全。考查点主要是： 1.情景会话能力； 2.逻辑思维能力； 【名师解难】

补全对话命题的范围集中在初中阶段学习过的30个交际项目。因此牢固掌握着30个交际项目所包括的各种句型，习惯用语是至关重要的。除此而外，我们还要做到下面几点： 1.通读对话全文，摸清对话发生的地点、时间，人物的身份，对话的内容。2.理清上下句的逻辑关系，使你填入的话和整篇对话文理通顺，融为一体； 3.符合说英语国家人的习惯，不要按中国人的习惯去应答。4.注意空白处的标点。是问号就应填问句；是句号，就应填陈述句。【中考范例】

请看2004年陕西省中考试题：

VI.补全对话（共10空，每空1.5分，计15分）

根据下面对话中的情景，在每空中填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。(A)A: Good afternoon, John!B: 1______________, Li Wei.A: I hear you are going to Kunming for a winter holiday.B: Yes, I’ll go next week.A: 2____________________________? B: It’s neither too cold nor too hot.It’s warm there.A: 3____________________________________.B: Thank you.【解析】这段对话发生在John和Li Wei之间。Li Wei 向John问下午好，按照说英语国家人的习惯，John也应该回答下午好，所以第1个空应填：Good afternoon。第二个空的下一句是回答昆明地天气情况，因此我们可以推断，第2个空应该是询问昆明的天气，应填：What’s the weather like in Kunming? / How is the weather there? 从第3个空的答语Thank you，我们可以推断对方一定是说了祝愿的话。所以这个空可以填：Have a good time./ Have a good journey./ I’m sure you will have a good time.(B)A: Hi, Peter!How are you today? B: 4__________________________________.And you? A: I’m OK.Are you free tomorrow? B: 5__________________________________? A: We’re going to the park.6____________________? B: Of course.I’d like to go with you.7___________________?

A: We are going to meet at the school gate at one o’clock.Please be there on time.B: OK.Thank you.【解析】这段对话写的是两个熟人见面互相问候并相约去公园的事。第4个空应该是回答对方的问话How are you today?的答语，所以应是：Fine,(I’m fine.)thank you.第5个空紧接问句Are you free tomorrow? 根据整个谈话的内容判断：应回答Yes, why?/ Yes, what’s up? 第6个空是个问句，因为句末是问号，其答语是：Of course.I’d like to go with you.由此我们判断，对方是在邀请和他一起到公园去，因此，此空应填：Would you like to go with us?/ Will you go with us? 第7个空又是一个问句，其答语是：We are going to meet at the school gate at one o’clock.Please be there on time.由此我们判断对方问的是见面的时间和地点，所以应填：When and where are we going to meet?/ When and where shall we meet?(C)A: Dad.I can’t find my socks.8__________________? B: Let me see.Are they white? A: Yes.9______________________? B: I saw them in our sitting-room just now.You may go and get them.A: Oh!Here they are!B: You should put your things away.A: 10____________________________________.【解析】这是父子（女）之间的一段谈话。谈话的内容地找东西。第8个空是个问句，而且空前的句子是Dad.I can’t find my socks.由此，我们判断：儿子（女儿）是想问父亲见到没有，英语应该是：Have you seen them? 当父亲问他是不是白色的时候，他回答Yes.既然父亲知道是白色的，那就肯定见到过，因此第9个空应填儿子（女儿）的问话：你在什麽地方见到的？英语就是：Where did you see them?/ Where are they? 第10个空的前面一句是父亲教训他的话，那末紧接着他应该表示接受。英语就是：Yes, I will./ OK, I will./ OK, I won’t do that again.【满分演练】

(1)A: Hi, Bill!You’re reading the novel again.B: Yes, Tom.I’ll never be tired of it.A: 1____________________________________?

B: Three times.Every time I read it, I can always learn something new.A: Really? 2__________________________________________________? B: Charles Dickens.I think he is a great English writer.What about you? A: 3__________________________________________.He is also my favorite foreign writer.Please let me have a look at it.

B: OK, here you are!What do you think of this novel? A: 4__________________________________.I haven’t seen such a novel for long.Where did you buy it? B: In the Rose Bookshop.A: I don’t know where it is.5______________________________________? B: No.Only 10 minutes walk from here, next to the People’s Cinema.A: Oh, I see.I’m going there to get one, too.Thank you!B: You’re welcome!

(2)(Li Meng and John have just finished swimming.)Li Meng: How nice and cool the water is!But I’m feeling a bit hungry now.1______________________________________________ ? John: Sounds good.Li Meng: Do you know 2_____________________________ ? John: Yes, there is.Li Meng: 3____________________________________________？ John: It’s only five minutes’ walk.Let’s go.Li Meng: Yeah, let’s go.Oh, I almost forgot my CD player.John: 4______________________________________________ ? Li Meng: Pop music.I often listen when I’m not busy.How about you? John: Light music.I think it can relax myself.5________________________? Li Meng: Sure.John: OK.I can lend you some CDs.I’ll bring them to our school tomorrow.(3)Paul: 1____________________________________________? Fred: No, I don’t.But I have to cook this evening.Paul: 2____________________________________________? Fred: Because my mother is going out on business.I’ll have to cook myself.Paul: 3_____________________________________________? Fred: My mother does.She can cook very well.Paul: Can your father cook? Fred: No, he can’t.Paul: 4______________________________________________? Fred: I’ll cook Italian noodles.Paul: 5______________________________________________!Fred: Thank you.(4)Mrs.Lee: Hello.68178502.David: Hello.1_______________________________? Mrs.Lee: Sorry.2_______________________.Can I take a message?

David: Yes.This is David, Bruce’s friend.I want to ask him for some Chinese ancient coins.He told me he had got some recently.3__________________________________.I don’t care if they were made of different metals.I just want to add some more coins in my collection.Mrs.Lee: OK.I’ll tell him.Would you like him to ring you back later? David: Well, I won’t be at home later this day.Would you please ask him to ring me tomorrow morning? Mrs.Lee: Sure.4______________________________? David: Oh, sorry.5___________________________________.The new number is 66129853.Mrs.Lee: OK.I’ll write a message for him.David: It’s really nice of you, Madam.Thank you very much.Goodbye!Mrs.Lee: Bye!(5)A: Excuse me, I want to go to the library.1__________________________ ? B: Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing.Go up the road to the end, you’ll find it.A: 2______________________________? B: It’s about 1,000 metres away from here.A: Oh.That’s quite a long way.B: Yes.You’d better take a bus.A: 3__________________________________? B: You can take the No.5 bus.It’ll take you there.A: 4__________________________________? B: It takes about fifteen minutes.A: 5_________________________________.B: It’s a pleasure.(6)Kate: Hello!1______________________? Mrs.Read: I’m sorry Ann isn’t here right now.2____________________________? Kate: This is Kate.Mrs.Read: She isn’t back yet.3_______________________________________? Kate: That’s very kind of you.I’m calling to ask her if she is free tomorrow.It’s March 12th, Tree Planting Day tomorrow.And 4___________________.Mrs.Read: I think she’ll be very glad to join you.Kate: We’ll meet at the school gate at 7:00.5_________________________.Mrs.Read: OK.I’ll let her know.Kate: Many thanks.Goodbye.Mrs.Read: Goodbye.(7)A：Good afternoon.What can I do for you? B：I’d like to buy a washing machine.

A：Well，1___________________________________.Some are made in China，and some are made in other countries.

B：This one looks very nice.2____________________________? A：In Germany.

B：3______________________________________? A：Sure.You put the clothes in the machine，close the door and press this button.

B：It’s easy.How much is it? A：4,000 yuan.

B：Wow, that’s too expensive!4 _____________________. Do you have a cheaper one? A：How about this one?

B：Oh，this one looks very good.And the price is OK.5___________________________________.(8)(Two friends meet each other after May Day.) A：Nice to see you.

B：1__________________________________________.A：How did you spend May Day?

B：2__________________________________________. A：Did you go to any other places? B：No.What about you?

A: 3________________________________________________ I felt a bit sick then. B：Oh, what a pity!【练习答案】

(1)1.How many times have you read it? 2.Who wrote it?/ Who is the writer? 3.So do I./ Me, too.4.It’s exciting / wonderful / great.5.Is it far from here?(2)1.Shall we have something to eat?/ Let’s have something to eat, shall we?/ How about having something to eat? 2.if / whether there is a restaurant near here? 3.How far is it from here? 4.What kind music do you like? 5.Would you like to try?(3)1.Do you like cooking? 2.Why do you have to cook this evening? 3.Who cooks every day in your family? 4.What will cook this evening? 5.Enjoy your noodles!(4)1.Could I speak to Bruce, please? 2.He’s not in at the moment.3.I’m not sure he would give me one or two.4.Has he got your telephone number? 5.My telephone number has changed.(5)1.Where is it? / How can I get to it? 2.How far is it(from here)? 3.Which bus should I take? 4.How long does it take me to get there? 5.Thank you very much.(6)1.May I speak to Ann, please? 2.Who’s that(speaking)? 3.Can I take a message? 4.we are going to plant trees.5.Please tell her to be there on time.(7)1.We have(There are)many different kinds of washing machines here.2.Where is it made? 3.Can you show me how to use it？ 4.I can’t afford it.5.I’ll take it.(8)1.Nice to see you, too.2.I went to …

3.I stayed at home all the time.

第五篇：中考听力常用词

中考听力常用词

1、安乐窝∶安逸的生活环境或小巧、温暖、舒适的处所或房间

2、白骨精：常用来比喻阴险毒辣的坏人。

3、白日梦：比喻根本不能实现的幻想。

4、半边天：比喻新社会妇女的巨大力量能顶半边天，也用来指新社会的妇女。

5、绊脚石：绊脚的石头,比喻阻碍前进的东西

6、保护伞：比喻可以起保护作用的有威慑性的力量或有权势的人。

7、抱佛脚：原来比喻平时没有联系，临时慌忙恳求，后来多指平时没有准备，临时慌忙应付。

8、背黑锅：比喻代人受过,泛指受冤屈

10、变色龙：比喻看风转舵的政治投机分子。

12、炒鱿鱼：鱿鱼一炒就卷起来，像是卷铺盖，比喻解雇。

13、吃醋：产生嫉妒情绪（多指男女关系上的）。

14、吃小灶：比喻受特殊的照顾。

15、吃鸭蛋：比喻在考试或竞赛中得零分。

16、穿小鞋：比喻受到别人利用职权暗中给予的刁难、报复或施加的约束、限制。

17、单相思：指男女间仅一方对另一方爱幕。

18、打游击：比喻从事没有地点的工作或活动。

19、点鬼火：比喻鼓动别人做坏事。

20、吊胃口：用好吃的东西引起人的食欲，也比喻让人产生欲望和兴趣。

21、顶梁柱：比喻起主要作用的骨干力量。

22、定心丸：能使人情绪稳定的东西。

23、东道主：原指东路上的主人,后称请客的人。

24、对台戏：两个戏班为了互相竞争，同时演出的同样的戏。比喻双方竞争的同类工作或事情。

25、恶作剧：捉弄耍笑，使人难堪。

26、耳旁风：耳边吹过的风，比喻听过后不放在心上的话（多指劝告、嘱咐）。

27、放空炮：比喻说空话，说了不能兑现。

28、放冷箭：比喻暗中害人。

29、鬼把戏：阴险的手段或政策。

30、鬼门关：迷信传说中的阴阳交界的关口，比喻凶险的地方。

31、过河卒：比喻不怕牺牲和挫折，勇于拼搏，决不后退的人。

32、黑名单：反动统治者或反革命集团为进行政治迫害而开列的革命者和进步人士的名单。

33、红眼病：羡慕别人有名或有利而心怀忌妒的毛病。

34、鸿门宴：喻指加害客人的宴会。

35、护身符：比喻保护自己、借以避免困难或惩罚的人或事物。

36、回马枪：回过头来给追击者的突然袭击。

37、急先锋：比喻在行动上积极带头的人。

38、紧箍咒：比喻束缚人的东西。

39、开绿灯：比喻准许做某事。

40、开门红：比喻在一年开始或一项工作开始时就获得显著的成绩。

41、开小差：原指军人私自脱离队伍逃跑，后比喻思想不集中。

42、口头禅：经常挂在口头的词句。

43、扣帽子：对人或事不经过调查研究，就加上现成的的不好的名目。

44、捞稻草：比喻在绝境中作徒劳无益的挣扎。

45、老大难：形容问题错综复杂。

46、老掉牙：形容事物言论等陈旧过时。

47、老狐狸：比喻非常狡猾的人。

48、老皇历：比喻陈旧过时的规矩。

49、露马脚：比喻隐蔽的事实真相泄露出来。50、乱弹琴：比喻胡闹或瞎扯。

51、马大哈：“马马虎虎、大大咧咧、嘻嘻哈哈”的缩略语，指粗心大意的人。

52、马蜂窝：比喻难于对付的人或能引起麻烦和纠纷的事。

53、马后炮：象棋术语，比喻不及时的举动。

54、马前卒：旧指在车前头供奔走役使的人，现用来比喻为别人效力的人（多含贬义）。

55、门外汉：外行人。

56、迷魂阵：比喻使人迷惑而上当的圈套、计谋。

57、磨洋工：工作时拖延时间，也泛指工作懒散拖沓。

58、牛角尖：比喻无法解决的问题或不值得研究的小问题。

59、牛鼻子：比喻事物的主要矛盾或影响全局的关键。60、弄潮儿：比喻敢于在风险中拼搏的人。61、拍马屁：向人谄媚奉承。

62、跑龙套：戏曲用语,即扮演随从或兵卒等不重要的角色。现在常用来比喻在人手下打杂。63、碰钉子：比喻遭到阻力或遭到拒绝,目的没有达到,还受到难堪。64、破天荒：比喻事情第一次出现。

65、千里马：原指善跑的骏马,可以日行千里。现在常用来比喻人才。66、墙头草：比喻无主见的人、顺风倒的人。67、敲边鼓：比喻从旁帮腔，从旁助势。68、敲门砖：比喻借以求得名利的初步手段。

69、敲竹杠：利用别人的弱点或借某种口实抬高价格或索取财物。70、肉中刺：比喻最痛恨而急于除掉的人(常跟“眼中钉”连用)。

71、孺子牛：儿童游戏时牵着走的由大人扮成的牛，比喻甘愿为人民大众服务的人。72、三不管：指几方面都不管，没人管。73、三寸舌：指能言善辩的口才。74、势利眼：作风势利的人。7

5、试金石：比喻可*的考验人的方法，也指对事物的可*的检验方法和依据。76、守财奴：有钱而吝啬的人

。77、耍把戏：比喻施展诡诈手段。78、耍花招：卖弄小聪明，玩弄技巧。

79、耍贫嘴：比喻不管对方是否愿意听而唠叨地说。80、桃花运：指男子在爱情方面的运气。

81、踢皮球：比喻互相推诿，把应该解决的事情推给别人。82、铁饭碗：比喻非常稳固的职业、职位。83、铁公鸡：比喻一毛不拔非常吝啬的人。

84、万金油：比喻什么都不精通，但什么都懂一点，什么都能应付一气的人。85、窝里斗：家族或团体内部彼此钩心斗角。86、乌纱帽：古代官吏戴的一种帽子，比喻官位。

87、下马威：原来指新官到任时故意向下属显示威风，泛指一开始就向对方显示的威力。

88、小算盘：比喻为个人或局部利益的打算。89、笑面虎：比喻外貌装得善良而心地凶狠的人。90、摇钱树：比喻借以获取钱财的人或物。

91、一刀切：比喻不顾实际情况，用同一方式处理问题。

92、一锅端：比喻全部消灭或尽其所有。93、一锅粥：形容混乱的现象。94、一盘棋：比喻整体或全局。

95、一窝蜂：形容许多人乱哄哄地同时说话或行动。

96、一言堂：旧时商店挂的扁额，表示不二价；现多指领导缺乏民主作风，不能听取群众的意见，特别不能听相反的意见，跟“群言堂”相对。97、应声虫：比喻随声附和的人。

98、鱼水情：形容极其亲密的情谊，就像鱼和水不能分离一样。99、砸饭碗：比喻失业。

照妖镜：旧小说中所说的一种宝镜，能照出妖魔原形。现也用于比喻。101 芝麻官：指职位低、权力小的官（含讥讽义）。

执牛耳：古代诸侯订立盟约，要每人尝一滴牲血，主盟的人亲手割牛耳取血，故用“执牛耳”指盟主。后来指在某一方面居领导地位。103 纸老虎：比喻外表强大凶狠而实际空虚无力的人或集团。104 智多星：《水浒》中吴用的绰号，泛指计谋多的人。

中山狼：见马中锡《中山狼传》，比喻恩将仇报，没有良心的人。

逐客令：秦始皇曾经下令驱逐从各国来的客卿，后来称赶走客人为下逐客令。107 主心骨：可依*的人或事物，也指主见、主意。

抓破脸：比喻感情破裂，公开争吵。109 走钢丝：比喻做有风险的事。110 走过场：比喻敷衍了事。

走后门：比喻用托情、行贿等不正当手段，通过内部关系达到某种目的。112 座右铭：写出来放在座位旁边的格言。泛指激励、警戒自己的格言。