第一篇：英语作文 要点
书面表达是从2003年开始新设的一个题型。书面表达的题型为写作，考生要根据所给情景，用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点以及内容等。提供情景的形式有图画、图表和提纲等。大纲确定书面表达题的分值为30分，占成人高考英语全卷满分的五分之一。2003～2008年书面表达题均以信件的形式出现，信件的内容用中文给出，写作时需要将各内容要点表述清楚。
这种题型的功能与目标是通过测试考生的英语书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行书面交际。语言是交际的工具，有工具而不会使用，等于没有。无疑，书面表达题设置的目的就是考查考生输出信息的能力，考查考生的书面表达能力，它必将为加强考生对语言能力全面发展的重视起到积极的推动作用。考试用书
书面表达虽然采用写作题形式，但它不同于命题作文，是一种有指导性的写作。其特点如下：
1、给情景。所给情景要求你表达什么，你就写什么，把情景中提供的主要信息说清楚就行了，无需自拟主题、杜撰情节、立论发挥。
2、重表达。这种表达的要求不是高层次的，仅是语言要比较得体，基本符合英语的表达习惯就行；表达的是自己的思想，即用自己熟悉的表达方式，而不是逐句对照翻译，这就给“表达”带来了很大的灵活空间；意思要连贯，即按照图画、图表、提纲等所提供的时问顺序或情节发展的次序来写。可见，书面表达，重要的是清楚、明白的表达。
基于书面表达的上述命题依据与题型特点，考生要做好书面表达题，可按这样的解题思路与步骤进行：
1、认真审题。考生要舍得花几分钟时间耐心读题，包括说明、提示、图画、图表、提纲，甚至于连“注意”也不要放过。要切实弄清楚写作体裁、主要内容以及写作要求等。
2、列出要点。根据所给情景，确定要点若干条，要点应是主要脉络，在草纸上列出这些要点。
3、组句成文。按照要点，先用自己熟悉的表达方式逐一写出句子。句子之间需要时，可加上恰当的连接成分，以使文章结构紧凑，成为一个有机的整体。
4、仔细检查。细心通读自己所写的短文。通读时，对照自己所列要点，看是否有遗漏；并再次细读一下题目，看自己所写的短文是否已满足了说明、图画（或图表、提纲）及“注意”等所提供的“已知条件”。
做书面表达题时，应该注意以下几个方面的问题：
1、格式正确。审题时，首先要弄清楚题目要求写什么样体裁的短文。不同的体裁，往往就有不同的格式。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等，高考中常见的是应用文和记叙文；应用文中又以通知、日记、书信居多。口头通知开头要有称呼语，结尾要有表示谢意的话语，如：Thank you./Thank you for your attention.等。日记通常用第一人称叙述，多用过去时态和现在完成时态，日记的前面先写上日期和星期几。书信有固定格式。日期写在信的右上角，其下方一行的左边顶格写称呼。称呼多以Dear开头，之后用逗号。之后另起一行写正文（可缩写5个字母，也可顶格）。正文结束后要另起一行写结束语，如Best regards/wishes！等。最后，在右下角写谦称，如Yours sincerely，Sincerely yours，Yours等。署名在其正下方。正式的书信还要求写收、发信人的地址。发信人的地址写在日期正上方，通常与日期隔一行；收信人的地址位于日期下方一行称呼的正上方。地名由小到大，顺序是第一行写牌号、街道，第二行写区、市/县、省名和邮编，第三行是国名。
2、内容完整。“书面表达”内容要覆盖情景所提供的全部要点。通常，内容要点为六个左右。每个要点是一个相对独立的、意思较为完整的短句或短语。每漏掉
一、两个要点，评分就可能降一个档次。当然，过多的发挥，加上失误，也会影响成绩。
3、表达得体。语言要符合英语表达习惯，基本没有语法结构和词汇的错误。优秀考生可以努力展示自己较强的语言应用能力，评分标准制定时对因此而产生的些许语言错误一般予以宽容，扣分有限；程度中等的考生，从应试技巧上看，与其说不清，说错了，倒不如多用一些简单句，把内容要点一个一个地表述清楚，这才是上策。
4、书写规范。书写工整，给人的第一印象就是一种好感，潦草的书写会影响分数。“评分原则”对此毫不客气地规定：“将分数降低一个档次”。规范的书写还包括正确使用大小写和标点符号。
5、长度适当。“书面表达”过短固然不好，过长也会影响实际得分。大纲要求书面表达的词数为100左右。“评分原则”上通常明确写着：“词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。”
为提高书面表达的水平，考生可以从以下几方面着手：（1）熟悉词汇和五个基本句型；（2）加强阅读；（3）坚持用英语写日记；（4）多做一些针对性较强的练习，此类练习一定要先自己做，后看参考答案，并找出自己出错的原因何在。可按体裁与题材的类别，分别选一些较好的书面表达范文，试着背下来。多做多练，熟能生巧，这样一定会有助于提高书面表达的水平。
多变句式原则
（1）加法（串联）
都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and，但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：
I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：
Not only the fur coat is soft，but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：
besides，furthermore，likewise，moreover
（2）转折（拐弯抹角）
批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。
The car was quite old，yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin，but it was warm.更多的短语：
despite that，still，however，nevertheless，in spite of，despite，（3）因果（so，so，so）
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！
The snow began to fall，so we went home.更多短语：
then，therefore，consequently，accordingly，hence，as a result，for this reason，so that
（4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。
举例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：
When to go，Why he goes away…
（5）附加（多此一举）
如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don't enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu，our oral English teacher，is easy-going.其实很简单，同位语——要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句-借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
（6）排比（排山倒海句）
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional，sophisticated or simple，there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays，energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil，coal，natural gas，solar heat，the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard，to enlarge our scope of knowledge，to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（气势恢宏）
一 二 三原则
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点…
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自
然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
（1）first，second，third，last（不推荐，原因：俗）
（2）firstly，secondly，thirdly，finally（不推荐，原因：俗）
（3）the first，the second，the third，the last（不推荐，原因：俗）
（4）in the first place，in the second place，in the third place，lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）
（5）to begin with，then，furthermore，finally（强烈推荐）
（6）to start with，next，in addition，finally（强烈推荐）
（7）first and foremost，besides，last but not least（强烈推荐）
（8）most important of all，moreover，finally
（9）on the one hand，on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
（10）for one thing，for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！
主题句原则
国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！
特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！
To begin with，you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）。Without sufficient preparation，you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.长短句原则
工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我
们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature，I eat；as a man，I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind，they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！
强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了
第二篇：十八大英语要点
胡锦涛十八大报告摘要（中英文对照）
1.坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路 We must unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics 2.中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
3.代表第十七届中央委员会on behalf of the Seventeenth Party Central Committee 4.进入全面建成小康社会的决定性阶段 We have entered the decisive stage of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.5.凝聚力量，攻坚克难 pool our strength to overcome all difficulties 6.当前，世情、国情、党情继续发生深刻变化，我们面临的发展机遇和风险挑战前所未有。
At present, as the global, national and our Party's conditions continue to undergo profound changes, we are faced with unprecedented opportunities for development as well as risks and challenges unknown before.7.前所未有的机遇和挑战 unprecedented opportunities and challenges unknown before 8.对推进改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、实现全面建设小康社会宏伟目标作出全面部署 adopt a comprehensive/an overall action plan for promoting reform and opening up and socialist modernization and attaining the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects 8.高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development，10.解放思想，改革开放free up the mind, implement the policy of reform and opening up 11.我们党团结带领全国各族人民our Party has rallied and led the people of all ethnic groups of the country
12.把贫穷落后的旧中国变成日益走向繁荣富强的新中国，中华民族伟大复兴展现出光明前景
turning the poor and backward old China into an increasingly prosperous and powerful new China and opening up bright prospects for the great renewal of the Chinese nation.13.我们对党和人民创造的历史伟业倍加自豪，对党和人民确立的理想信念倍加坚定，对党肩负的历史责任倍加清醒。
We are all the more proud of the historic achievements of the Party and the people, we are all the more firm in the ideal and conviction of the Party and the people, and we are all the more aware of the historic responsibility of the Party.14.全党一定要牢记人民信任和重托，更加奋发有为、兢兢业业地工作，继续推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，继续改善人民生活、增进人民福祉，完成时代赋予的光荣而艰巨的任务。
The whole Party must keep in mind the trust the people have placed in us and the great expectation they have of us.We must aim higher and work harder and continue to pursue development in a scientific way, promote social harmony, and improve the people's lives so as to complete the glorious and arduous tasks bestowed on us by the times.15.五年来，我们胜利完成“十一五”规划，顺利实施“十二五”规划，各方面工作都取得新的重大成就。
During the past five years, we have fulfilled the goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and made good progress in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and we have made new and major achievements in all fields of our work.16.经济平稳较快发展。综合国力大幅提升The economy has developed steadily and rapidly.China's overall national strength has grown considerably.17.2011年国内生产总值达到四十七点三万亿元。The gross domestic product(GDP)reached 47.3 trillion yuan in 2011.18.财政收入大幅增加government/fiscal revenue increased by a wide margin 19.农业综合生产能力提高，粮食连年增产。The overall agricultural production capacity has increased and grain output has gone up year after year.20.产业结构调整取得新进展，基础设施全面加强。Fresh progress has been made in adjusting the industrial structure, and the infrastructure has been extensively upgraded 21.生态文明建设扎实展开，资源节约和环境保护全面推进。
Solid steps have been taken to promote ecological progress, and comprehensive progress has been made in resource conservation and environmental protection.22.城镇化水平明显提高，城乡区域发展协调性增强。Development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better balanced.23.国有企业改革不断深化the reform of state-owned enterprises have been deepened 24.现代市场体系和宏观调控体系不断健全The country's modern market system and macro-regulatory system have been steadily improved.25.开放型经济达到新水平，进出口总额跃居世界第二位。China's open economy has reached a new level, and its import and export volume now ranks second in the world.26.人民生活水平显著提高。Living standards have been significantly improved/raised.27.实行城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表。Urban and rural deputies to people's congresses are now elected on the basis of the same population ratio.28.爱国统一战线巩固壮大。The patriotic united front has been consolidated and expanded.29.社会主义核心价值体系建设深入开展Intensive efforts have been made to promote core socialist values 30.基本公共服务水平和均等化程度明显提高。Basic public services have improved markedly, and access to them has become much more equitable.31.教育事业迅速发展，城乡免费义务教育全面实现。Education has developed rapidly, and free compulsory education is now available in all urban and rural areas.32.社会保障体系建设成效显著，城乡基本养老保险制度全面建立，新型社会救助体系基本形成。Marked progress has been made in developing the social security system;the basic old-age insurance system covering both the urban and rural population has been fully established, and a new type of social assistance system is taking shape.33.军队出色完成一系列急难险重任务The armed forces have accomplished a host of urgent, difficult, dangerous and arduous tasks 34.港澳台工作进一步加强。Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs has been further strengthened.35.35.香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定，同内地交流合作提高到新水平。Hong Kong and Macao have remained prosperous and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland have reached a new stage.36.推动两岸关系实现重大转折，实现两岸全面直接双向“三通”，签署实施两岸经济合作框架协议，形成两岸全方位交往格局，开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。
We have achieved a major transition in the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, with direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade fully established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between them has been signed for implementation.All this has promoted extensive mutual contacts and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.38.党的建设全面加强。All-around progress has been made in Party building.39.党的执政能力建设和先进性建设继续推进Further progress has been registered in strengthening the Party's governance capacity and its advanced nature.40.党内民主进一步扩大。干部队伍建设取得重要进展，人才工作开创新局面。Intra-Party democracy has been further expanded.Major progress has also been made in strengthening the ranks of Party officials;and new progress has been registered in managing qualified professionals.41.创先争优活动和学习型党组织建设深入进行，基层党组织不断加强。党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争取得新成效。
We have intensified activities to encourage Party members and organizations to excel in their work and to build learning Party organizations.Community-level Party organizations have been strengthened.New progress has been made in improving Party conduct, promoting integrity and combating corruption.42.同时，必须清醒看到，我们工作中还存在许多不足，前进道路上还有不少困难和问题。On the other hand, we must be keenly aware that there is still much room for improvement in our work and there are a lot of difficulties and problems on our road ahead.43.在十分复杂的国内外形势下，党和人民经受住严峻考验，巩固和发展了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设大局，提高了我国国际地位，彰显了中国特色社会主义的巨大优越性和强大生命力，增强了中国人民和中华民族的自豪感和凝聚力。
Bracing ourselves against complex domestic and international developments, our Party and people have stood severe tests, consolidated and developed the cause of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and raised China's international standing.All this shows the superiority and vitality of socialism with Chinese characteristics and has enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese people and nation.44.十年来，我们取得一系列新的历史性成就，为全面建成小康社会打下了坚实基础。Over the past ten years, we have achieved new historic successes and laid a solid foundation for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.45.我们能取得这样的历史性成就，靠的是党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验的正确指引，靠的是新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来奠定的深厚基础，靠的是全党全国各族人民的团结奋斗。
These historic successes are attributable to the correct guidance of the Party's basic theory, line, program and experience;they have been achieved on the firm foundation laid since the founding of New China in 1949 and particularly since the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up in 1978;and they are the fruits of the united efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.46.科学发展观是中国特色社会主义理论体系最新成果，是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶，是指导党和国家全部工作的强大思想武器。The Scientific Outlook on Development is the latest achievement in developing the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China and a powerful theoretical weapon for guiding all the work of the Party and country.47.面向未来，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，对坚持和发展中国特色社会主义具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义，必须把科学发展观贯彻到我国现代化建设全过程、体现到党的建设各方面。
As we advance toward the future, thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development is of major immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.48.全党必须更加自觉地把推动经济社会发展作为深入贯彻落实科学发展观的第一要义。The whole Party must more purposefully make promoting economic and social development the top priority in applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.49.必须牢牢扭住经济建设这个中心，坚持聚精会神搞建设、一心一意谋发展。We must pursue economic development as the central task and concentrate on it with every determination.50.必须着力把握发展规律、创新发展理念、破解发展难题。We should master the laws of development, develop new thinking on development and solve problems hindering development.51.必须深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、可持续发展战略。We must implement the strategies for making China strong by developing science and education and training competent personnel and the strategy for pursuing sustainable development.52.必须更加自觉地把以人为本作为深入贯彻落实科学发展观的核心立场。We must more purposefully take putting people first as the core requirement for thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development.53.解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进、求真务实，是科学发展观最鲜明的精神实质。Freeing up the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping up with the times and being realistic and pragmatic-these are the salient features of the Scientific Outlook on Development.54.实践发展永无止境，认识真理永无止境，理论创新永无止境。There is no end to practice, to seeking truth, or to making theoretical innovations.55.全党一定要勇于实践、勇于变革、勇于创新，把握时代发展要求，顺应人民共同愿望，不懈探索和把握中国特色社会主义规律，永葆党的生机活力，永葆国家发展动力，在党和人民创造性实践中奋力开拓中国特色社会主义更为广阔的发展前景。
The whole Party must boldly engage in practice and make changes and innovations.We must respond to the call of the times, follow the aspirations of the people and explore and master the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics.We must ensure that the Party is always full of vigor and that China always has the driving force for development.By doing so, we will open up a bright future for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics through the creative practices of the Party and the people.56.加强社会建设，是社会和谐稳定的重要保证。Strengthening social development is an important guarantee for maintaining social harmony and stability.57.教育是民族振兴和社会进步的基石。努力办好人民满意的教育。Education is the cornerstone of national renewal and social progress.Work hard to run education to the satisfaction of the people 58.培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人train participants of and successors to the socialist cause who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically 59.培养学生社会责任感、创新精神、实践能力cultivate in students a sense of social responsibility, a spirit of innovation and the ability to acquire practical skills 60.办好学前教育，均衡发展九年义务教育，基本普及高中阶段教育，加快发展现代职业教育，推动高等教育内涵式发展，积极发展继续教育，完善终身教育体系，建设学习型社会。We should develop preschool education, promote balanced development of nine-year compulsory education, make senior secondary education basically universal, accelerate development of modern vocational education, and bring out the full potential for development of higher education.We should actively develop continuing education, improve the system of lifelong education, and build a learning society.61.大力促进教育公平，合理配置教育资源，重点向农村、边远、贫困、民族地区倾斜，支持特殊教育，提高家庭经济困难学生资助水平，积极推动农民工子女平等接受教育，让每个孩子都能成为有用之才。鼓励引导社会力量兴办教育。加强教师队伍建设，提高师德水平和业务能力，增强教师教书育人的荣誉感和责任感。
We should vigorously promote fairness in education, and ensure balanced allocation of educational resources with a focus on rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas.We should support special education, increase subsidies to students from poor families, and ensure that children of rural migrant workers in cities have equal access to education.All this is designed to help all children gain required knowledge and skills.We should encourage and guide nongovernmental entities to run educational programs.We should strengthen the ranks of teachers, and enhance their work ethics and professional competence as well as their sense of honor and responsibility as teachers.62.就业是民生之本。要贯彻劳动者自主就业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业和鼓励创业的方针，实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策。Employment is crucial to the people's wellbeing.We must implement the principle of promoting self-reliant employment, market-regulated employment and government-backed employment and entrepreneurship, the strategy of giving top priority to employment and a proactive employment policy.63.初次分配和再分配都要兼顾效率和公平，再分配更加注重公平。A proper balance should be struck between efficiency and fairness in both primary and secondary distribution, with particular emphasis on fairness in secondary distribution.64.坚持男女平等基本国策，保障妇女儿童合法权益。We should adhere to the basic state policy of gender equality and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children.65.健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。坚持计划生育的基本国策，提高出生人口素质，逐步完善政策，促进人口长期均衡发展。Good health is a prerequisite for promoting well-rounded development of a/the person.We must adhere to the basic state policy of family planning, improve the health of newborns, steadily improve the population policy and promote long-term and balanced population growth.66.完善国家安全战略和工作机制，高度警惕和坚决防范敌对势力的分裂、渗透、颠覆活动，确保国家安全。
We should improve the national security strategy and its work mechanism, and keep high vigilance against and resolutely forestall separatist activities and activities of infiltration and subversion carried out by hostile forces, so as to ensure national security.67.全党全国人民行动起来，就一定能开创社会和谐人人有责、和谐社会人人共享的生动局面。
As long as the whole Party and all the people make concerted efforts, we can foster a dynamic environment in which everyone contributes to social harmony and benefits from a harmonious society 68.建设生态文明，是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计。Promoting ecological progress is a long-term task of vital importance to the people's wellbeing and China's future.69.坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。We should remain committed to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment as well as the principle of giving high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment and promoting its natural restoration, and strive for green, circular and low-carbon development.70.严守耕地保护红线，严格土地用途管制。We should ensure that the red line for protecting farmland is not crossed and strictly control land uses.71.坚持共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则、各自能力原则，同国际社会一道积极应对全球气候变化。We will work with the international community to actively respond to global climate change on the basis of equity and in accordance with the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities of all countries.72.加强生态文明宣传教育，增强全民节约意识、环保意识、生态意识，形成合理消费的社会风尚，营造爱护生态环境的良好风气。
We should increase publicity of and education in ecological progress, raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment and promote ecological progress, and foster a social atmosphere of practicing moderate consumption and cherishing the ecological environment.73.我们一定要更加自觉地珍爱自然，更加积极地保护生态，努力走向社会主义生态文明新时代。
We must treasure nature more consciously, protect the ecosystem more actively, and strive to usher in a new era of socialist ecological progress.74.建设与我国国际地位相称、与国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大军队，是我国现代化建设的战略任务。Building strong national defense and powerful armed forces that are commensurate with China's international standing and meet the needs of its security and development interests is a strategic task of China's modernization drive.75.加大依法治军、从严治军力度，推动正规化建设向更高水平发展。
We should increase efforts to run the armed forces with strict discipline and in accordance with the law, and raise their standardization to a new level.76.中国奉行防御性的国防政策，加强国防建设的目的是维护国家主权、安全、领土完整，保障国家和平发展。China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature.Our endeavors to strengthen national defense aim to safeguard China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and ensure its peaceful development.77.香港、澳门回归以来，走上了同祖国内地优势互补、共同发展的宽广道路，“一国两制”实践取得举世公认的成功。Since their return to the motherland, Hong Kong and Macao have embarked on a broad road along which they and the mainland draw on each other's strengths and pursue common development, and the success of the “one country, two systems” principle has won global recognition.78.解决台湾问题、实现祖国完全统一，是不可阻挡的历史进程。To resolve the Taiwan question and achieve the complete reunification of China is an irresistible historical process.79.我们要始终坚持一个中国原则。大陆和台湾虽然尚未统一，但两岸同属一个中国的事实从未改变，国家领土和主权从未分割、也不容分割。We must continue to adhere to the one-China principle.Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be reunified, the fact that both belong to one China has never changed.China's territory and sovereignty have always been indivisible and no division will be tolerated.80.两岸双方应恪守反对“台独”、坚持“九二共识”的共同立场，增进维护一个中国框架的共同认知，在此基础上求同存异。对台湾任何政党，只要不主张“台独”、认同一个中国，我们都愿意同他们交往、对话、合作。
The two sides of the Taiwan Straits should uphold the common stand of opposing Taiwan independence and of following the 1992 Consensus.Both sides should increase their common commitment to upholding the one-China framework and, on this basis, expand common ground and set aside differences.We are ready to conduct exchanges, dialogue and cooperation with any political party in Taiwan as long as it does not seek Taiwan independence and recognizes the one-China principle.81.两岸同胞同属中华民族，是血脉相连的命运共同体，理应相互关爱信赖，共同推进两岸关系，共同享有发展成果。The compatriots on both sides belong to the same Chinese nation and form a community of common destiny bound by blood ties;and we have every reason to care about and trust each other, jointly advance cross-Straits relations, and share in the fruits of development.82.我们坚决反对“台独”分裂图谋。中国人民绝不允许任何人任何势力以任何方式把台湾从祖国分割出去。“台独”分裂行径损害两岸同胞共同利益，必然走向彻底失败。
We resolutely oppose any separatist attempt for Taiwan independence.The Chinese people will never allow anyone or any force to separate Taiwan from the motherland by any means.Any separatist attempt for Taiwan independence, which undermines the common interests of the compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits, is doomed to fail.83.当今世界正在发生深刻复杂变化，和平与发展仍然是时代主题。The world today is undergoing profound and complex changes, but peace and development remain the underlying trends of our times.84.霸权主义、强权政治和新干涉主义有所上升，局部动荡频繁发生。There are signs of increasing hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism, and local turmoil keeps cropping up.85.历史昭示我们，弱肉强食不是人类共存之道，穷兵黩武无法带来美好世界。History teaches us that the law of the jungle will not lead to the coexistence of human society and that the arbitrary use of force cannot make the world a better place.86.我们主张，在国际关系中弘扬平等互信、包容互鉴、合作共赢的精神，共同维护国际公平正义。We call for promoting equality, mutual trust, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutually beneficial cooperation in international relations and making joint efforts to uphold international fairness and justice.87.我们根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策，秉持公道，伸张正义。中国主张和平解决国际争端和热点问题，反对动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁，反对颠覆别国合法政权，反对一切形式的恐怖主义。We will decide our position and policy on an issue on its own merits and work to uphold fairness and justice.China is committed to peaceful settlement of international disputes and hotspot issues, opposes the wanton use of force or threat to use it, opposes any foreign attempt to subvert the legitimate government of any other countries, and opposes terrorism in all its manifestations.88.中国坚持在和平共处五项原则基础上全面发展同各国的友好合作。我们将改善和发展同发达国家关系，拓宽合作领域，妥善处理分歧，推动建立长期稳定健康发展的新型大国关系。我们将坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴，巩固睦邻友好，深化互利合作，努力使自身发展更好惠及周边国家。China is committed to growing friendship and cooperation in all fields with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.We will improve and grow our relations with developed countries by expanding areas of cooperation and properly addressing differences with them;and we will strive to establish a new type of relations of long-term stability and sound growth with other major countries.We will continue to promote friendship and partnership with our neighbors, consolidate friendly relations and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with them, and ensure that China's development will bring more benefits to our neighbors.89.全党必须牢记，只有植根人民、造福人民，党才能始终立于不败之地；只有居安思危、勇于进取，党才能始终走在时代前列。The whole Party must bear in mind that only by taking root among the people and delivering benefits to them can the Party remain invincible, and that only by being on guard against adversity in times of peace and forging boldly ahead can the Party remain in the forefront of the times.90.坚持以人为本、执政为民，始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系。为人民服务是党的根本宗旨，以人为本、执政为民是检验党一切执政活动的最高标准。
Put people first, exercise governance for the people and always maintain close ties with them.Serving the people is the fundamental purpose of the Party, and putting people first and exercising governance for the people is the ultimate yardstick for judging all the Party's performance in this regard.91.党内民主是党的生命。要坚持民主集中制，健全党内民主制度体系，以党内民主带动人民民主。We should adhere to democratic centralism, improve institutions for intra-Party democracy, and promote people's democracy with intra-Party democracy.92.要坚持党管干部原则，坚持五湖四海、任人唯贤，坚持德才兼备、以德为先，坚持注重实绩、群众公认，深化干部人事制度改革，使各方面优秀干部充分涌现、各尽其能、才尽其用。We should adhere to the principle of the Party supervising the performance of officials.We should appoint officials on their merits without regard to their origins, select officials on the basis of both their moral integrity and their professional competence with priority given to the former, and promote officials who are outstanding in performance and enjoy popular support.We should deepen reform of the system for the management of officials and personnel so that officials with outstanding performance in all fields will come to the fore in large numbers, and we should tap their potential to the full and put their talent to best use.93.反对腐败、建设廉洁政治，是党一贯坚持的鲜明政治立场，是人民关注的重大政治问题。这个问题解决不好，就会对党造成致命伤害，甚至亡党亡国。反腐倡廉必须常抓不懈，拒腐防变必须警钟长鸣。Combating corruption and promoting political integrity, which is a major political issue of great concern to the people, is a clear-cut and long-term political commitment of the Party.If we fail to handle this issue well, it could prove fatal to the Party, and even cause the collapse of the Party and the fall of the state.We must thus make unremitting efforts to combat corruption, promote integrity and stay vigilant against degeneration.94.建设中国特色社会主义，总依据是社会主义初级阶段，总布局是五位一体，总任务是实现社会主义现代化和中华民族伟大复兴。
Our overall approach is to promote economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and our general task is to achieve socialist modernization and the great renewal of the Chinese nation.95.要坚决维护中央权威，在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致，坚决贯彻党的理论和路线方针政策，保证中央政令畅通，决不允许“上有政策、下有对策”，决不允许有令不行、有禁不止。
All Party organizations and members must resolutely uphold the authority of the Central Committee and maintain a high degree of unity with it theoretically, politically and in action.We must faithfully implement the Party's theories, line, principles and policies and ensure that the decisions of the Central Committee are carried out effectively;and we will never allow anyone to take countermeasures against them or disregard them.96.全面准确贯彻民主、公开、竞争、择优方针，扩大干部工作民主，提高民主质量，完善竞争性选拔干部方式，提高选人用人公信度，不让老实人吃亏，不让投机钻营者得利。
We should fully and strictly implement the principle of selecting officials in a democratic, open, competitive and merits-based way, make the management of them more democratic, enhance democracy, improve the way of selecting officials through competition, increase public trust in the selection and appointment of officials and ensure that honest people are not disadvantaged and schemers do not have their way.
第三篇：英语注意要点
九大注意事项：
第一、注意在自我介绍里对自己进行亮点包装，找到自己独特的卖点，不露痕迹地推销自己。自我介绍时要体现你的学术修养，比如，你可以罗列你在大学期间所看的相关领域的经典著作、参加过的业内重要会议及收获、跟本科导师所做过的项目等。另外，你要强调你的文笔很好，比如，你是演讲协会的成员，你获过写作方面的奖项，你在本科期间就发表过论文等，因为对于一个硕士研究生导师而言，其实他非常关注他所带学生的文笔好坏，文笔好就意味着在指导你写论文的时候导师能省很多时间和精力。
第二、注意语言的准确性，即语法和用词的准确性、词汇的丰富性、句式的灵活性(最好能构建一些长难句，如用后置定语、分词结构、独立主格结构、各种从句、倒装、省略、强调等手法包装你的答案，这样能提升你的档次，让导师觉得你的语言功底很好)、语音语调的准确性、断句的自然性等。
第三、注意内容的连贯性和语言的衔接性。连贯性和衔接性体现了你思维逻辑的缜密性，会让考官觉得你具有研究生的潜质。要养成围绕一个统一的话题而分点展开论证的论述习惯;在考前也可以准备一些转承起合的连词，如to begin with, what’smore, finally, however,although, to summarize等。
第四、注意语言的得体性，即言谈是否得体，是否符合语境，实现了语言的交际功能。考官如果问生活化的问题，回答的时候你就选择口语化的表达;若问学术性的问题或者比较严肃的社会热点话题，你就要回答得稍微正式一些。
第五、注意回答的个性化，不要人云亦云，要另辟蹊径。具有创新精神是一名优秀的研究人员所必备的素质，所以你在回答考官的问题时尽量想些有新意、有创意的答案。练习如何从研究生的角度综合分析问题，对问题进行整合与深度加工，答出广度与深度。另外，如果你感觉自己理解得不是很透彻、很到位，或者你实在想不出什么有特色的答案，你可以提出你对该问题的质疑或者提出自己对相关话题的担忧，然后诚恳地跟老师探讨，不必担心会因此顶撞老师，学术上本就应该百家争鸣，百花齐放，在讨论中，导师会从中看出你的独到性、逻辑性和思维的敏锐性。
第六、注意细节。如果没有听懂考官的问题，你不必抓耳挠腮，而一定要淡定--Wouldyou please say that again more slowly? I didn’t catch you.如果你在进考场之前门是关着的，你要先敲门再进去;给考官递交材料时要双手奉上;要将手机调为静音模式等。
第七、注意面试的时候一定要镇定、自信，面对变化不要慌张。有的老师提问时喜欢在你对上个问题的回答中搜寻下一个问题的影子，其目的在于考察考生是否具备研究人员应该具备的应变能力。
第八、注意自己的言谈举止，要落落大方、不卑不亢、温文尔雅;着装得体，不要太社会化，奇装异服等，要牢记自己的学生身份。
第九、注意知己知彼百战百胜。在英语面试前可对考官进行一番调查，了解考官的出题风格(喜欢考专业知识、热点话题还是常考话题)、语言风格(是英音还是美音)、喜好(如喜欢什么样的学生--稳重型、活泼型、创意型还是学术型)等。
六大禁忌事项：
第一、不要答非所问。一定要注意听考官的问题，不要把考前准备答案不着边际地盲目照搬或按自己的想法乱答一气。
第二、不要目光呆滞、麻木不仁。语言本身就是一种交流的工具，其交流性要通过其它交流手段来配合，比如肢体语言，要时刻谨记考研复试本质上是一场面试，是一场人与人之间的会晤，我们是在跟老师进行交流，因此，在回答问题的时候，你要直视考官的眼睛，显出你的自信、展出你的风采，尽量多跟考官进行互动，将气氛活跃起来。
第三、不要语速太快或太慢。语速太快而没有抑扬顿挫让人无法听懂你在说什么;语速太慢让人觉得你的英语水平差，甚或反应迟钝，两者都不能给考官留下好印象。要语速自然、顿挫有致，体现英语的语言美感。
第四、不要戛然而止，尽量多说点，但多说点不等于反复重复，不要让人一眼看穿你的高度，不要让人觉得你的水平是如此地有限，你的思想是如此地狭隘。
第五、不要有不良行为。有的考生在英语面试前准备得很充分，考场上听到自己熟悉的题目后便得意忘形，手插裤兜、摇头晃脑，会让人生厌。
第六、不要气焰嚣张，要态度诚恳，有礼貌。自认为自己英语水平高而目中无人，面试官可能对你提出的要求也会更高，万一遇到海归名导，你就死翘翘了。另外，面试过程中不会也是正常的，不要遇到不会的问题就气急败坏，跟面试老师置气，那你很有可能反过来成为老师们的撒气桶--名落孙山。
第四篇：英语写作要点
英语写作重点
一、英语大作文（满分15分）
大纲所列的题型一共有4种，分别是图表分析、现象分析、看图说话、正反观点。其中06、07年考察的是图表分析，08年是现象分析，09年是正反观点，10年和11年考察的都是图表分析。看图说话历年还未考察过，也要复习。
（1）图表分析：第一段描述图表，第二段分析原因或影响（按照题目要求），第三段预测或建议（按照题目要求,一般来说，反映的是正面现象，写预测，负面现象写建议）。其中每一段的模板参照讲义P81-P85页），其中P79页和P80页的两篇范文是重点。
（2）现象分析：第一段描述现象，第二段分析原因或影响（按照题目要求），第三段预测或建议（按照题目要求,一般来说，反映的是社会正面现象，写预测，负面现象写建议）。现象描述第一段的模板参见讲义P95页，第二段和第三段的模板同图表分析，但需注意把其中的changes替换成phenomenon。
（3）看图说话：第一段描述图画，第二段阐述寓意（即跟社会现实相结合），第三段多为建议（因为一般来说漫画反映的是负面现象，适合写建议）。
第一段及第二段模板参见讲义P96-97页，第三段模板同图表分析建议段。
（4）正反观点：第一段观点综述，第二段分析正反两种观点，第三段自己的观点。模板参见讲义P109-P110页。
综上，也就是说第（1）、（2）、（3）种作文模板除了第一段模板不同，第二、三段模板基本相同，第（4）种作文独立为一个模板。自己需要发挥的部分呢，最好是把讲义P114页的18大功能句型，以及范文里面的万能废话记住会很有帮助。每次模考的写作范文是记忆重点，因为模考的作文是紧扣今年的社会热点，带押题的性质。
二、英语小作文
大纲所列的题型一共有五种：信件（下面包含10中以上不同信件）、便签、备忘录、告示、摘要写作。从2010增加小作文开始，都是考察信件。信件为复习重点，其余几种参见书上范文看看格式即可。
信件的格式参考P153页范文。
信件一般写3段，第一段：开门见山说明目的，第二段：具体信息，第三段：感谢/道歉/期待/联系方式（根据信件类型的不同灵活选择其中的一种或几种）
其中，开头说明目的以及结尾的感谢、道歉、期待、联系方式的写法有模板，也就是P153页-P168页这些范文的结尾几句，范文中用黑体字标出来的都是模板。为了避免所有同学雷同，所以我没法每一中信件给一个模板。
第五篇：英语自我介绍要点
Self Introduction
General Introduction(name, age, hometown, etc.)
Education Background(university, major;college, major, etc.)--注意时间顺序
Research Experience and Academic Activity（在校期间的学业方面的成就）
Working Experience(if any)(Part-time job, volunteer job, internship, etc.)
Hobbies & specialty(爱好&特长)
Ending（结束语）
Eg.I’m really looking forward to being a member in your company.Please give my application materials a serious consideration.Thank you very much!
Self Introduction
Nice to meet you, sir(ladies and gentlemen…).My name is Li Xiaojun, I’m 21 years old.I come from a beautiful city, Yangzhou.Currently, I’m still a college student in SIPIVT, major in XXX, and will graduate next summer.During my campus life, I study hard and get excellent academic achievements;meanwhile, I take part in various activities and organizations, such as Students’ Union, School clubs, basketball association, and so on.As I believe, college life should be much more colorful than high school life and we can learn a lot beyond the textbooks.Last summer, I took a part-time job in a busy restaurant.Through this job, I learnt how to be a qualified waiter.But the more important is, I got known team spirit, communication skills, and confidence, even under big pressures.That’s really precious experience in my life.In my spare time, I like reading books, surfing news and information on Internet, but basketball is my favorite.In short, I’m a smart, outgoing guy and can take challenges.Thank you so much for this interview, and I really hope you can take me into a consideration!
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Self Introduction
Nice to meet you, sir(ladies and gentlemen…).My name is Li Xiaojun, I’m 21 years old.I come from a beautiful city, Yangzhou.Currently, I’m still a college student in SIPIVT, major in XXX, and will graduate next summer.During my campus life, I study hard and get excellent academic achievements;meanwhile, I take part in various activities and organizations, such as Students’ Union, School clubs, basketball association, and so on.As I believe, college life should be much more colorful than high school life and we can learn a lot beyond the textbooks.Last summer, I took a part-time job in a busy restaurant.Through this job, I learnt how to be a qualified waiter.But the more important is, I got known team spirit, communication skills, and confidence, even under big pressures.That’s really precious experience in my life.In my spare time, I like reading books, surfing news and information on Internet, but basketball is my favorite.In short, I’m a smart, outgoing guy and can take challenges.Thank you so much for this interview, and I really hope you can take me into a consideration!
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