2017考研英语阅读理解题材详解之能源企业的失败算计

第一篇：2017考研英语阅读理解题材详解之能源企业的失败算计

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2017考研英语阅读理解题材详解之能源

企业的失败算计

能源企业的失败算计

每年考研英语阅读篇章很多都取材于经济学人，因此年考研复习之初，一定要从基础打好，稳扎稳打。考研频道分享《经济学人》文章，希望大家能够多看、多练，提升阅读能力！

考研英语阅读题源经济学人文章：能源企业的失败“算计”

Gas prices

燃气价格

Fuel on the fire

能源产业之争

Another cheap shot at energy firms misses the mark

又一次对能源企业的失败“算计”

GIVEN the parlous state of Britain's energy system,it is hard to think that Ed Davey, the energysecretary, would want more publicity.Yet on February 10th newspapers published a letter hehad written to regulators who are reviewing the market.He urged them to investigate whetherenergy companies are making excessive profits from selling gas, which he said earns highermargins than flogging electricity.He singled out British Gas, which in 2012 supplied gas toabout 40% of Britain's households at a profit margin of more than 11%.难以想象，在英国能源系统受到威胁的情况下，能源大臣艾德·戴维还想要更多的公众影响力。然而2月10日的报纸刊登了他写给市场监察机构的一封信。他敦促他们去调查能源企业是否通过售卖天然气攫取暴利，按他所说，这比出售电力能获得更多利润。他单独指出了“英国燃气”，该公司在2012年为大约40%的英国家庭提供燃气，并且获得了超过11%的利润率。

Energy buffs have long moaned about the strong position British Gas—owned by Centrica, a bigenergy firm—enjoys in the domestic gas market.It inherited a huge number of customers fromits days as a state monopoly, some of whom could be paying over the odds because they havenever looked for a better deal.But by focusing narrowly on gas, Mr Davey overstates Centrica'ssuccess.In 2012 the firm lost money selling electricity, bringing the margin across itsdomestic supply business down to 6.6%.热衷能源业的人早就抱怨英国天然气公司的强势地位—森特理克麾下的大能源企业，占领了国内天然气市场。该公司从作为国家垄断企业时便继承了一批庞大的客户数量，其中一些客户甚至能出高价支付而从来不寻找更实惠交易。但仅将目光锁定在天然气市场方面，戴维先生夸大了森特理克的功绩。2012年，该企业赔了钱售卖电力，使其国内供应业务的毛利率降低到6.6%。

This figure is high;but it is not extraordinary, or certain to be sustained.Nor do Centrica'scompetitors seem to be banking exuberant rents.The “Big Six” retailers earned an averagemargin on domestic energy sales of 4.3% in 2012.Three of them did better supplyingelectricity than gas.British households continue to pay less for energy than many Europeans.该数据是惊人的，但情况并非特殊也不一定会持续。且森特理克的竞争对手们似乎也没

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受益多少。六大零售商在2012年获得了4.3%的国内能源销售的平均利润率。其中三家零售商的电力销售额都优于天然气。英国家庭仍然在能源支付上少与许多欧洲人。

The simplest way to erode Centrica's grip on the gas market is to encourage long-standingcustomers to move elsewhere.The number of households switching supplier has fallen sharplysince 2008, in part because regulators have curbed doorstep selling.The government enthusesabout community switching schemes, in which neighbours find new suppliers together;Ofgem,the regulator, now requires energy firms to contact customers who are paying more than theyshould.打破森特理克集团对天然气市场控制的最简单方式是鼓励老客户转移他处。变更供应商的家庭数量自2008年大幅下滑，部分原因是监管机构遏制了上门销售。政府热衷于新的社区转换方案，该方案倡导住户们一起寻找新的供应商;监管者Ofgem如今要求能源企业去联系那些“冤大头”客户。

It will be some time before that has an effect.Yet what most vexes critics of the market is nothefty retail margins but fear that energy firms are making outsized profits elsewhere, forexample in power generation.This is difficult to prove, which is why the government last yearasked regulators to carry out a broad assessment of the market.Their report, due nextmonth, could lead to a more thorough investigation by the Competition Commission.市场调控取得成效将需要一段时间。然而最引发市场批评的并非丰厚的零售利润，而是对能源企业在别处—例如在发电领域攫取过多利润的担心。难以证明为什么政府去年要求监管机构开展对市场的广泛评估。他们下月的评估报告可能会导致竞争委员会组织一个更彻底的调查。

That is starting to look like an attractive outcome to some energy executives, who haverepeatedly been battered by politicians.Shares in Centrica dipped 3.5% following publication ofMr Davey's letter;they are a quarter lower than in September, when Ed Miliband, leader of theLabour Party, promised to freeze energy bills if elected.The regulators' report, and any inquirythat follows, may give Mr Davey reason to set the market ablaze.Until then he should resistpoking the coals.对于一些不断被政客抨击的能源部行政人员来说，这似乎开始看上去是一个很有吸引力的结果。戴维的信被公开之后森特里克的股价下跌了3.5%;相比9月下降了四分之一，当时工党领袖——艾德·米利班德承诺一旦当选将冻结能源账单。监管机构报告及之后的任意询问，也许会给戴维先生刺激市场的理由。但在那之前，他须抵制垄断煤炭。

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例句:They also carry out experiments.他们还进行实验。

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第二篇：2018年考研英语阅读资料之能源定价

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2018年考研英语阅读资料之能源定价

Pricing energy

能源定价

Remote controls

远程控制

Smart meters promise another reason to resentenergy firms.智能电表成为人们抱怨能源公司的又一理由。

GOOD neighbours avoid doing laundry in the small hours.Yet householders in the north eastof England are growing keener on late-night loads.Watched by academics at DurhamUniversity, volunteers are testing a tariff that makes power more expensive when demand ishigh.Some use washing machines that run only when energy is cheap.好邻居不在凌晨洗衣服。然而在英格兰东北部的居民们越来越热衷于在午夜干家务。英国杜伦大学的学者观察发现，志愿者接受了一项测试：税费调整后，电力在需求高峰期变得更贵。有的居民只有在电价便宜时才会用洗衣机。

Britons are used to paying variable prices for hotel rooms, train tickets and telephone calls.Now some hope that smart electricity meters, which the government wants installed in everyhome by 2020, will help energy suppliers charge in a similar way.Boosters say dynamic pricingcan hold down bills and help save the planet.It is also likely to make power firms even lesspopular than they already are.英国人习惯于为宾馆、火车票和话费的浮动费用掏钱。如今，更有人希望智能电表可以帮助能源供应商以也以同样的方式收费。支持者们表示动态电价可以降低账单，并有益于节约地球资源。这样很有可能使电力公司更加不受欢迎。

Flexible pricing is supposed to discourage power use at peak times, thereby bringing downthe overall cost of generation by cutting the need for power stations that run only a few hourseach day.Controlling energy use would also help network operators handle fluctuations inrenewable power, which rises and falls depending on how windy or sunny it is.These problemswill get more serious as Britain decarbonises: using more green electricity to power things suchas cars and heating will make demand spikes bigger—and thus more costly—just as growth inrenewables makes supply less dependable.弹性价格有望降低高峰期的用电，从而通过减少每天运行几小时的发电站数量来降低发电总成本。通过电力控制使用可以帮助网络操作者来处理可再生能源诸如由于风能或者太阳能造成的波动。这些问题将变得和英国降低碳含量计划同等严峻：使用更多绿色电力来驱动像车或者加热器的东西，将使得需求峰值更大——而且代价更昂贵——正如可再生能源使用的增长降低了供给的可靠性。

Some Britons have been using cheaper off-peak power since the late 1970s, when “Economy 7”tariffs were created to encourage overnight demand for juice from nuclear power stations.Smart meters, which will add about ￡12 billion($20 billion)to energy bills as they are rolled outover

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the next five years, are meant to save suppliers money by wirelessly transmitting meterreadings, and to provide households with information that can help them to use less power.What excites energy experts is that, by recording full details of energy consumption, theycould also make it easier for suppliers to create several peak and off-peak periods during eachday, or even let prices float freely depending on the weather.Last month Ofgem, the energyregulator, said it was mulling reforms that could enable rates to change every half-hour.一些英国人自二十世纪七十年代晚期就开始错开高峰期使用低价电力，当时建立“经济七号”税费的目的就是为鼓励使用来自核电厂的通宵供电。智能电表通过无线传输仪表读数，这意味着可以为供应商节约费用，并且为居民们提供相应的信息来帮助他们节约用电，这项计划在未来五年内推出后将增加一百二十亿英镑的电费收入。让能源专家们感到兴奋的是，通过能源消费的所有详细记录，他们可以让能源供应商很轻松的在每天建立多个高峰或者非高峰期，甚至可以让电价随着天气的变化过渡平稳。上个月，作为能源调节者的天然气电力市场办公室表示，正在考虑这样一些改革——这可以让电价在每半小时内变化。

The problem is that a proliferation of complex tariffs risks making it more difficult for bill-payersto identify the cheapest ones, even as regulators battle to simplify the market.Critics also saythat punitive charges at peak times could affect the poorest families disproportionately,because they already use power only when it is essential.And some fear that, without strongercompetition, energy firms would use dynamic tariffs to raise prices, not just to even outdemand.出现的问题是，这种复杂的收费方式所冒的风险在于，支付者辨别最便宜的收费区间更为困难，虽则电力调配部门志在简化市场，正如电力调配部门志在简化市场一样。评论家们也声称，用电高峰期的惩罚性的收费会给最贫困的家庭造成影响更为巨大，因为他们只有在必要时才会使用电能。时一些人也担心到，没有强有力的竞争，能源公司只是利用动态电价来变向涨价而并非平衡需求。

The biggest worry is that people will not be persuaded to change their routines.Many alreadypay too much for their energy because they have never bothered to switch supplier.A studyin 2012 by Consumer Focus—now part of the Citizens Advice Bureau—found that 38% ofhouseholds with Economy 7 or similar tariffs did not use enough off-peak power to make itcheaper than a standard rate.Trials of more dynamic tariffs report mixed success—and almostall of those have involved green-minded volunteers, not busy families.最大的担心是，劝服人们调整日常生活习惯很难。很多人嫌麻烦从不更换供应商，导致他们已经支付了太多的电力。由聚焦消费(现在是公民建议局的下属单位)在2012年出示的调查显示，百分之三十八的“经济七”或者与之相似收费的住户没有使用错开高峰用电来降低电费。而这其中更为动态税费适用成功的报道显得复杂——这其中多数是绿色理念的志愿者，而不是那些忙碌的家庭。

Enthusiasts say variable pricing will work best when people can set gear such as freezers,boilers and air-conditioners to respond automatically to pricing signals broadcast to theirsmart meter, in exchange for a discount from their supplier.Fridges need not runconstantly to keep their contents fresh, for example;clever ones might perhaps turnthemselves off during peak demand periods.狂热支持者表示，当人们可以通过智能电表的价格广播来自动设置诸如冰箱，热水器和空调速率，可使得可变定价完美运行，以此从供应商那里获得折扣。例如，冰箱无需一直工作来维持里面东西的新鲜;聪明人也许会错开高峰阶段。

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Yet bill-payers will probably find it creepy to hand outsiders control of their appliances.Ahousehold full of smart devices would delight hackers.And it will bring chewy legal problems,such as working out who to blame should faulty appliances churn through premium-pricedpower.As Britain’s smart grid expands, rumbling washing machines may not be the only thingkeeping people awake.然而，用户们肯定会发现把他们的家用电器交由外部控制是很恐怖的一件事。一个家里满是智能电器的用户会使黑客感到异常兴奋。而且这样会带来一系列耐人寻味的法律问题，例如，因为电流的变动导致电器发生缺陷时无法确定谁该为此负责。随着英国智能电网的不断扩大，也许不只是隆隆的洗衣机声吵得人无法入睡。

1.use to 过去常常

例句:The contents of this booklet should be of useto all students.这本小册子的内容应该会对所有的学生都有用处。

2.likely to 倾向于;可能要

例句:The fires are likely to permanently deforestthe land.这些火灾很可能会彻底毁掉这片土地上的森林。

3.suppose to 想做

例句:I don't suppose you thought to turn over the tape, did you?

我认为你并没想过要把磁带换一面，是吗?

4.such as 例如;诸如

例句:We dislike people such as him.我们不喜欢像他这号人。

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第三篇：2012考研英语阅读理解

2012考研英语阅读理解：读外刊扩大词汇量

2011年10月24日 11:38来源：万学海文

英语二阅读理解A部分题型为多项选择题，总共有4篇文章，总长度为1500词左右，要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。每篇文章后设有5个问题，共20题，每小题2分，总计40分。对于中国的英语学习者说，不管是英语四、六级，专

四、专八考试，还是考研、考博考试，阅读始终是一项最为重要的技能，所占的分数比例大，“得阅读者得天下”，阅读能力并不仅仅体现在阅读理解一项当中，很大程度上，阅读理解能力是综合素质的体现，阅读能力也和英语知识运用、新题型、写作等题型相互关联，这样题型的解决需要通过阅读获取相关的信息，如果阅读能力不好，这些题型的做题质量会受到大大地影响。

依据最新的大纲，万学海文(微博)英语考研辅导老师们对阅读A部分做了一个详细地分析，通过和考研英语一阅读理解A部分的对比，我们可以获知以下的信息，英语二阅读量减小，英语一是1600词，英语二是1500，而且没有说生词量不超过总共的3%，考查生词的可能性降到最低，大纲中并没有提到超纲词汇，这给了考生一个定心丸，即不必担心超纲词汇。且英语二明确规定了考察的体裁和题材。题材是经济、管理、社会、文化、科普。这方面的题材与专业硕士的特点休戚相关，且英语一中的八大阅读能力的要求减为6条。少了“理解文中的概念性含义”和“区分论点和论据”这两个难度较大的要求，“进行有关的判断、推理和引申”去掉了引申，而除去的以上两点对阅读有非常高的要求。英语二阅读部分所要掌握的六大能力是：1，理解文章的要义，2，理解文中的具体信息，3，理解作者的意图、观点或态度，4，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，5，根据上下文推测生词的词义，6，理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系。

综上所述，英语二对阅读能力的考查大为降低了，明确规定了所要考查的范围，考生在复习的时候，可以有的放矢，对所考查的题型进行精心复习。2012年在考题的难度上和题型的设计上相比2011年很有可能没有大的改变，这是一个可喜的消息，还有，万学海文英语考研辅导老师们建议2012年的考生在复习阅读题型时，可以读一些外刊，因为据我们的统计，很多阅读来源于外刊，比如，经济学人，时代周刊，纽约时报，读这样的文章不但可以使我们扩充词汇量，了解有关的题材，而且还可以获取背景知识，藉此，在了解了相关知识后，然后辅以适当的解题技巧，这样在答题的时候一定会游刃有余。

万学海文建议考生在复习的时候，应该定期做题，勤于思考，总结方法，除此外，还要夯实基础，平时在做题的过程中，把篇章中一些好的句子(特别是长难句)、短语、以及一些高频常考词汇抄录下来，日积月累，做题的正确率定会提高，得高分的可能性就会增大，考取理想院校就会

第四篇：2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习题

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2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习

题

暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。下面凯程在线和大家分享教育类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s.Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent.The extent of the loss was，however，largely a matter of expert guessing.Last week a well-rounded study was published.It was published.It was based on 22，000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent，and in most cases the dropouts，while not completing the Ph.D.requirement，went on to productive work.They are not only doing well financially，but，according to the report，are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week，Dr.Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D.programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree.Attrition at the Ph.D.level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.’

“The results of our research” Dr.Tucker concluded，“did not support these opinions.”

1.Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.2.Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.3.Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision，but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination，uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams.Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D.program，lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing，a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20，000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.‘s with that background reached this figure.The Ph.D.’s shone in the $ 7，500 to $ 15，000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields，where Ph.D.‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries，are still lagging behind other fields.凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus，the outlook was glum.The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph.D.holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2.Research has shown that

[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph.D.‘s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D.studies.[C] The Ph.D.candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph.D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an essential part of many Ph.D.programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.4.After reading the article，one would refrain from concluding that

[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.[B] a Ph.D.dropout，by and large，does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D.dropouts.[D] Ph.D.‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

[A] salary for Ph.D.too low.[B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high.[D] 1000 positions.答案详解

1.A.许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在

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50%。” B.在博士学习中刺激因素较小。C.博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。

3.C.博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在

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encourages.Boys don‘t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses，more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale，than human beings.Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes.Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind.There are no goddesses with freckles，pigtails，piercing voices and inky fingers.There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees，dirty fingernails and unkempt hair.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment.Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation.This is hardly possible under a co-educational system.When the time comes for the pupils to leave school，they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults.They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.1.What is the best title for this passage?

[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.[B] people are in great need of co-education.[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.[D] co-education has many features.2.what does co-education offer to children?

[A] A society.[B] A true small model of society.[C] A real life.[D] True version of social condition.3.According to the passage，what is one of the chief aims of education?

[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.4.Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?

[A] They live together and know each other too well.[B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.[D] They are familiar with each other‘s problems.Vocabulary

1.to be in for = receive 接受

2.He is in for punishment.他受到惩罚。

3.miniature 缩样，雏形，微型画

4.freckle 雀斑

5.pigtail 鞭子

6.knobbly = knobby 多节的 7.unkempt 乱七八糟，蓬乱的 8.sharp focus = clear view

9.bring into focus 使集中在焦点上，对光

10.bring into sharp focus 这里的意义是：一目了然，明显突出

11.deviation 越轨，偏离，入歧途

4页共4页

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12.all the more 越发，格外

难句译注

1.a co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.【参考译文】男女合校至少给孩子提供了一个社会真正缩影。

2.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.【参考译文】棘手的青春期把成长过程中出现的某些身体上合感情上的问题清晰地摆出来。

写作方法与文章大意

文章论及“男女合校制的优越性和男女分校制的缺陷。”采用因果、对比写法。首先假设单一性别社会，人所不能容忍，那单一性别的学校培养的人又怎能适应社会。因为社会是男女组成的。然后分别对比合校和分校的优缺点。比较合校的优点，分校的缺点，最后得出结论：之后合校的学生，在离校进入社会，已做好一切准备，而不会感到震惊，因为他们已有好几年的经验，会处理面临男女的许多问题。

答案详解

1.C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育简直难以想象。答案见

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four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.Her sister，Marlin，22，attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant.The brothers are a different story.Oscar，17，was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school.The youngest，Jonathan，15，is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law.“The boys get sidetracked more，” says the kids' mother，Suyapa Landaverde.“The girls are more confident.”

This is no aberration.Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys，according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed，five-year study of immigrant children——the largest of its kind，including Latino，Chinese and Haitian kids——by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education.Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well，the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different.The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.Consider the kids' experiences in school.The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture——the dress，the slang，the disdain for education.They're disciplined more often and，as a result，develop more adversarial relationships with teachers——and the wider society.They may also face more debilitating prejudices.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”

Gender shapes immigrant kids' experiences outside school as well.Often hailing from traditional cultures，the girls face greater domestic obligations.They also frequently act as “cultural ambassadors，” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world，says Carola Suarez-Orozco.An unintended consequence：“The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im，18，a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago.She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother's clothing shop.Her brother? “He plays computer games，” says Im.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.Oscar Herrera，Martha's dropout brother，may be realizing that.“I'm thinking of returning to school，” he recently told his mother.He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.1.In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by

[A]posing a contrast

[B]justifying an assumption

[C]making a comparison

[D]explaining a phenomenon

2.The statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’”(Line two，Paragraph 4)implies that 6页共6页

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[A]they work as a translator for their parents

[B]they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture

[C]they encourage their parents to go into the outside world

[D]their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador.3.Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons，except that

[A]American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys

[B]people have prejudice against them

[C]their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls

[D]they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world

4.Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that

[A]the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world

[B]the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture

[C]the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys

[D]the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined

5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A]All the dropouts should receive good education.[B]Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.[C]Schooling education has been neglected.[D]More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.词汇注释

sidetracked 使受牵制的，误入歧途的 aberration 失常;偏差

outperform 胜过

preliminary 预备的，初步的 discrepancy 相差，差异，矛盾

adept at 熟练于„;擅长于„

straddle 跨坐

navigate 航行于，驾驶，操纵

adversarial 敌手的，对手的 debilitate 使衰弱，使虚弱

macho 男子的，男子气的

hailing from 来自，在某地生长

mediate 仲裁，调停

foist 偷偷插入，使混入

phenomenally 现象上的，明白地;惊人地

irretrievably 不能挽回地，不能补救地

look to sb.for sth.以来或指望某人提供或作某事物

fare 进展;成功

难句讲解

1.Last week，four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.7页共7页

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[简析] 本句话是一个并列句，其主干“Martha graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades„”。four years after she arrived from Honduras和20是插入语;while引导的断语作状语，表示让步。

2.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.[简析]本句话的主干是“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features„”。Because引导的是原因庄宇从句;says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco是插入语;while 引导的是时间状语从句，其中的by引导的短语作状语，其中的it指的是new culture.3.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”

[简析]本句话的主干是“One teacher said that„”。interviewed for the study作定语修饰teacher;that 引导的是宾语从句，其中的she received as part of her continuing education是一个省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰cultural awareness training.4.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.[简析]本句话的主干是“The Harvard study bears a cautionary note„”。冒号后面的句子是在解释前面的句子;if 引导的是条件状语从句;破折号里面的内容是在进一步说明if 引导的从句。

答案与解析

1.C 结构题。本题的问题是“在开始段落，作者通过介绍他的主题”。文章

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是移民男孩不会获得成功的原因。[A]“美国的青少年文化对男孩有不利的影响”是针对

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had exposure to larger projects.If all of your experience was at no-name companies in North Dakota，then you need to tell me that the project youworked on had 15 developers and an annual budget of 3 million dollars.Otherwise I’m likely to think your prior experience was building simple ASP front ends to little Access databases.And finally，follow the directions for applying for the job.If I went to the trouble of describing how you should apply，there‘s probably a good reason for it.If I ask for a plain-text resume，don’t send a Word document or a link to your resume on your Web site.If I ask for a code sample，include it.If you can‘t follow those simple directions，how can I expect that you’ll be able to follow a spec?

I don‘t even look at those emails I get with Word attachments，no code samples，no information about availability or your location.I simply file them away in case I ever have a need to hire a developer that doesn’t know how to follow directions.Reading Comprehension

1.Why did the author suggest that don‘t put your cover letter in another attachment of your resume?

[A] It‘s a waste of time.[B] It is absurd.[C] It will make your cover letter not do its job.[D] There is no need to do so.2.Why did the author emphasize the importance of proofread?

[A] Because it is a quality that a pupil should have.[B] Proofreading can decrease errors from your cover letter.[C] It will make you avoid some simple errors and will give your reader a good impression.[D] It can make you win Pulitzer-prize.3.Why did the author say that you should let the reader know what size project you‘ve worked on?

[A] Because this will highlight your resume.[B] Because you are required to do so.[C] Because this will let your reader know you better.[D]Because it can make your reader know your ability for larger projects.4.What‘s the meaning of “went to the trouble” that mentioned in paragraph 6?

[A] To face puzzledom.[B] An amount of effort and time that is needed to do something.[C] Have some difficulties.[D] Some problems can‘t be solve.5.What‘s the meaning of the word “spec” which mentioned in paragraph 6?

[A] Rule.[B] Law.[C] A detailed instruction about how a piece of equipment should be made.[D] An direction.答案与题解

1.[C] 细节题。准确定位到原文是解题的关键。本题出现在原文的

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在另一个附件中则求职信将发挥不出它

的作用。

2.[C] 细节题。本题的干扰项在B项。校对的确可以减少错误，但这并不是本文强调的重点。本文认为避免一些低级错误是给审查简历的人留下好印象的机会。

3.[D] 细节题。请看文中的

第五篇：2017考研英语阅读理解话题预测之迷你首相

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2017考研英语阅读理解话题预测之迷你

首相

在考研英语中，阅读分数可谓是占到了总分的半壁江山，正所谓“得阅读者得考研”。对于备考考研的同学们，在平时的复习中一定要拓展阅读思路，各类话题都要关注，这样才能在整体上提升考研英语阅读水平!一起来学习吧!

Politics

英国政坛

Downtrodden Labour

饱受压迫的工党

Why Conservatives are talking up a Labour-SNPcoalition

保守党吹捧工党和苏格兰国民党联盟的原因

My wee prime minister

我的迷你首相

SPRING is in the air in Westminster and the Conservatives are upbeat.Having lagged behind theopposition Labour Party in polls for most of the past five years, they are now narrowly aheadtwo months before the general election.The Tories'clear messages on the economy mainlyaccount for these green shoots(see Bagehot).But an additional explanation is emerging400 miles to the north: the rise of the secessionist Scottish National Party(SNP).韦斯特敏斯特宫的春天近在眼前，保守党也很欢乐。连续五年的民调都落在对手工党之后，终于在大选前两个月有了微弱的胜出。保守党在经济上明确引导是最近经济萌芽的原因。(见白芝浩专栏)但在英国以北400英里的地方还有一个额外的解释：崇尚独立的苏格兰国民党的兴起。

Since the 1980s Scotland has been Labour’s granite-like electoral base.Though often run byScots, the party hardly had to think about the country north of Hadrian’s Wall.When the SNPfailed last year to win a referendum on Scottish independence, Labour expected it to fall apart,remembers one shell-shocked former staffer.Instead the opposite happened.The SNP hashoovered up the sprawling, leftish Yes(to independence)movement and turned it into acampaigning machine.The party’s membership has grown from 26,000 to 100,000 in sixmonths.Polling published by Lord Ashcroft, a Tory peer, on March 4th suggests that it is ontrack to take most of Labour’s 41 seats in Scotland, including some of its oldest strongholds.自上世纪八十年代起，苏格兰就是工党坚定不移的选民基地。虽然这个党派是由苏格兰人领导，但很少关注哈德良长城以北的国土。去年，苏格兰国民党在苏格兰独立的公投中败北，工党就开始期待其会分裂,将其视为已战斗疲劳的前职员。可苏格兰国名党不仅没有四分五裂，反倒吸纳了周边杂乱无序的区域，同意了左翼独立运动，并且将其变为一个竞选机器。六个月间，党派成员从2.6万人增长到10万人。保守党人阿什克罗夫特勋爵在3月4日发布的民调显示，该党要获得工党在苏格兰41个席位中的大多数指日可待，包括一些资历深厚的据点。

This helps the Tories in several ways.The first is practical: Labour must divert scarcecampaigning resources north to fight for once-safe Scottish seats.The second concernselectoral arithmetic.Even if no party emerges from the election with a majority, as looks

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likely,the one with the most votes will enter coalition talks with momentum and authority.NickClegg, the leader of the centrist Liberal Democrats, says that he will speak to the biggest partyfirst—as he did in 2010, when he formed a coalition with David Cameron’s lot.The fewer seatsLabour wins, the better the Tories'chance of being in that position and thus of holding power.这点在很多方面都对保守党颇有助益。

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可能事与愿违。苏格兰国民党的要员胡扎·尤萨夫声称，卡梅伦的表演“只会提高我们在苏格兰的支持率”。他说得不无道理。去年九月，首相请求苏格兰人留下，他说，如果苏格兰脱离，他会“彻底心碎了”。但他最近对于苏格兰国民党的打击，只能加强民族独立者对于英国苏格兰最好分开的宣言。卡梅伦也许会抗议道，他只是想连任。但是这对联盟而言要消耗多少呢?

1.think about 考虑;捉摸

There were always things to think about when shewent walking.她去散步的时候总是有一些事情要考虑。

She doesn't stop to think about what she's saying.她都没有停下来想一想自己在说些什么。

2.speak to 对„讲;围绕„谈

Could I speak to you in private a moment, padre.可否私下跟您谈谈，牧师。

Don't speak to me like that.Don't you dare.不要那样跟我讲话。我不允许!

3.prop up 支持，资助

If you have difficulty sitting like this, prop up your back against a wall.如果这么坐着有困难，就背靠墙坐吧。

The government does not intend to prop up declining industries.政府无意扶持不景气的企业。

4.prepare for 作准备

President Castro has warned Cubans to prepare for a profound economic emergency.卡斯特罗主席已经提醒古巴人民为严重的经济危急状况做准备。

The players are in defiant mood as they prepare for tomorrow'sgame.球员在备战明天的比赛时带着蔑视对手的情绪。