第一篇:英语专业翻译论文
On Training Methods of Short Term Memory in Consecutive Interpreting 交替传译中短时记忆的训练方法
Name: Li, Lingling
Class: 2007English Education Class 2 January 4, 2010
目录
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................3 1.Introduction..................................................................................................5 2.Brief Introduction of Interpreting.............................................................5 2.1 Background information......................................................................5 2.2 Interpreting...........................................................................................6 3.Memory System..........................................................................................8 3.1 Short term memory..............................................................................8 3.2 Short term and long term memory.......................................................9 3.3 The Effort Eodels by Daniel Gile......................................................10 4.Characters of short term memory..............................................................12 4.1 Input of information...........................................................................12 4.2 Capacity.............................................................................................12 4.3 Modality.............................................................................................12 4.4 Information Loss................................................................................13 4.5 Retrieval.............................................................................................13 5.Memory Training.......................................................................................14 5.1 Visualizing materials:........................................................................15 5.2 Retelling in the Source Language......................................................15 5.3Mnemonic to Memory........................................................................16 5.4 Grouping information together..........................................................17 5.5 Association.........................................................................................17 6.Conclusion.................................................................................................18 Bibliography..................................................................错误!未定义书签。
ABSTRACT Interpreting is important and popular nowadays owing to its communicative function in fields of politics, economy, culture, education and so on.However, it’s not easy to be a qualified interpreter because the training methods are not systematically completed.This thesis is mainly dealing with the methods of training short-term memory in consecutive interpreting(CI).According to Effort Model from Daniel Gile, the short term memory is an essential part in the process of interpreting.In order to be a qualified interpreter, student interpreters need large quantity of practice and skills.Considering of this, the author makes some research about the training of short term memory and hopes this training can help student interpreters improve short term memory.Key words: consecutive interpreting(CI);short term memory;Effort Model;training methods
口译因其在政治、经济、文化、教育等方面有着重要的交际功能,因此在当今社会越来越显示出其重要性并且逐渐受到人们的重视。然而,由于目前口译训练方法仍然不够系统和完整,因此想成为一名合格的口译人员实属不易。本论文主要介绍了交替传译中短时记忆的训练方法。根据Daniel Gile 的精力分配模式,短时记忆在口译过程中起到举足轻重的地位。为了成为一名合格的译员,训练者需要进行大量的练习并且掌握口译技巧。考虑到这个问题,笔者通过搜集整理和自己的亲身经历总结了短时记忆 的训练方法,希望能够帮助训练者提高短时记忆。
1.Introduction There are three kinds of memory system and short term memory is the essential part in interpreting, so in this paper the author mainly does research about the short term memory.Chapter 1 is an introduction about planning of this paper.In Chapter 2, it shows a general introduction about interpreting and its current situation in China.This helps us to get a more clear understanding about advantages and disadvantages of CI in order to find the weaknesses.According to the analysis in Chapter 2, the author believes that the memory training is a big obstacle encountered by the student interpreters.Considering of this, the author decides to start with the memory system, so in Chapter 3, it mainly shows three types of memory systems as well as how they work and what functions they have and the illustration is focused on the concrete connections between the short term memory and CI.In Chapter 4, the author shows the characters of short term memory and the problems interpreters meet due to the characters.In Chapter 5, according to all above and research, the author finds some methods dealing with the problems.Finally is the conclusion and some suggestions in future research.2.Brief Introduction of Interpreting 2.1 Background information Interpreting becomes a very popular job nowadays due to the world globalization in fields of economy, politics, culture and s on.With the rising position of China, especially hosting of 2008 Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai World Expo as well as entering WTO, China plays more and more important role in the world, so international communication become more frequently.This brings large requirement of interpreting which is considered responsive and practical, both quality and quantity.However, interpreting industry is facing serious situation: lacking of systematical training methods and high quantity of teachers.2.2 Definition of Interpreting Interpreting is the facilitating of oral or sign-language communication, either simultaneously or consecutively, between users of different languages.The process is described by both the words interpreting and interpretation.Professional Interpreting can be mainly classified into simultaneous interpreting and consecutive interpreting in terms of the way of interpreting.In consecutive interpreting(CI), the interpreter speaks after the source-language speaker has finished speaking.The speech is divided into segments, and the interpreter sits or stands beside the source-language speaker, listening and taking notes as the speaker progresses through the message.When the speaker pauses or finishes speaking, the interpreter then renders a portion of the message or the entire message in the target language.A qualified interpreter is required to cover various fields of knowledge and possesses good psychological quality as well as a strong memory.Due to this requirement, interpreting is a challengeable work.2.3 Quality of a good interpreter 2.3.1 Profound knowledge As a good interpreter, the basic quality is to master the source language and target language.Moreover, an interpreter should have a good knowledge of the culture of both countries, such as the customs, the history, the humorous expressions as well as the current event and popular tendency.For example, when interpreter heard “Baudelaire’s translation of Poe may be “better” poems than those Poe wrote;but those who read them have read Baudelaire's version of Poe;not Poe.” In this sentence, there are two names Baudelaire and Poe.Baudelaire is a French writer, who is famous for translating the works by American writer Edgar Allan Poe and is acknowledged better than the original works.If the interpreter knows this, it is not difficult to translate it as波德来尔所译的爱伦坡的诗,也许比爱伦坡自己所写的更好;但读那些诗的人只是读了波德来尔所译的爱伦坡;而不是真正的爱伦坡.Therefore, a good interpreter should self enriching greatly and improving continuously.2.3.1 Strong memory Owing to the special characteristics of interpreting, interpreter should have a strong memory.On the one hand, interpreter has to master a large amount of vocabulary and idioms, such as画蛇添足 to paint the lily;用小虾钓大鱼 to throw a sprat to catch a whale.Besides, for some Chinese idioms, interpreters should remember the original story, such as东施效颦Tung Shih imitates Hsi Shih.Hsi Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient kindgdom of Yueh.Tung Shih was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways.The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes even worse.On the other hand, interpreters should have a good memory to express the meaning speakers said.Owing to the limited time, note-taking can only write down the main point and the whole meaning can only be expressed though the strong memory.3.Memory System 3.1 Short term memory Short-term memory(or “primary” or “active memory”)is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time.The duration of short-term memory(when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented)is believed to be in the order of seconds.In an early and highly influential article, The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two, the psychologist George Miller suggested that human short-term memory has a forward memory span of approximately seven items plus or minus two and that was well known at the time.David A.Sousa, in his book ,how the brain works refers to the term short term memory as all of the early steps of temporary memory leads to long term memory.According to his idea, short term memory can be divided into sensory memory and working memory.Sensory memory is the very first step for the source information coming into one’s brain with the shortest duration and can hold a certain amount of information, but these information can only lasts 0.25-2 seconds and disappears rapidly.Working memory refers to information stored for further processing.Working memory boasts both storage and processing functions.The two functions are interrelated with each other.When encountered with new or difficult tasks, then more processing capacity is required, thus leaving less capacity for storage function(David W.Carroll, 2000.49).During the researching, the authors doubts that decay causes forgetting from short-term memory often offer as an alternative some form of interference: When several elements(such as digits, words, or pictures)are held in short term memory simultaneously, their representations compete with each other for recall, or degrade each other.Thereby, new content gradually pushes out older content, unless the older content is actively protected against interference by rehearsal or by directing attention to it.3.2 Short term and long term memory Psychological studies of human memory make a distinction between short term memory and long term memory.The idea of short term memory simply means that you are retaining information for a short period of time without creating the neural mechanisms for later recall.Long-Term Memory occurs when you have created neural pathways for storing ideas and information which can then be recalled weeks, months, or even years later.To create these pathways, you must make a deliberate attempt to encode the information in the way you intend to recall it later.Long-term memory is a learning process.And it is essentially an important part of the interpreter's acquisition of knowledge, because information stored in long term memory may last for minutes to weeks, months, or even an entire life.The duration of short term memory is very short.It is up to 30 seconds.Peterson(1959)found it to be 6-12 seconds, while Atkinson and Schifrin(1968)and Herb(1949)state it is 30 seconds.Memory in CI only lasts for a short time.Once the interpreting assignment is over, the interpreter moves on to another one, often with different context, subject and speakers.Therefore, the memory skills which need to be imparted to trainee interpreters are short term memory skills.Another difference is that short term memory is processed largely in terms of speech sounds, while long term memory depends mostly on meaning.In the early 1960s, Conrad, in connection with work for the British Post Office, conducted experiments on memory for letter codes.Conrad’s subjects were presented visually with sequences of unrelated consonants and were required to write them down immediately afterwards.He noticed that the short term memory errors made were not random, but similar in the sound to the correct item.Subjects mistakenly remember the words as words with similar pronunciation more than similar spelling.This indicates that the material is more easily remembered in terms of their sound rather than their visual appearance.Since the interpreters deal with the vocal materials, short term memory can do well to training.3.3 The Effort Eodels by Daniel Gile(1)C = KL + ELK + A Comprehension =Knowledge for language+ Extra-linguistic Language + Analysis(2)CI =L + N + M + C Consecutive Interpreting =Listening Analysis+ Note-taking+ Short-term Memory+ Coordination In consecutive interpretation, the interpreter takes notes while the speaker speaks, then delivers speech to the listener in the target language according to his or her memory and notes.Consecutive interpretation is performed in two phases, the listening and note-taking phase, and the speech production phase.(3)CI = Rem + Read + P Consecutive Interpreting=Remembering+ Note-reading+ Speech Production
In phase two, high capacity in taking notes is beneficial to the Rem component, since good note-taking reduces the capacity requirements for Rem.Besides, mastering a certain amount of linguistic and extra-linguistic knowledge will lead to successful transferring form source language to target language.Since short term memory plays an important role in CI, the author decides to take a further step on short term memory.4.Characters of short term memory 4.1 Input of information It is generally held that information enters the short term memory as a result of applying attention to the stimulus, which is about a quarter of a second according to the findings of both Sperling(1960)and Crowden(1982).However, McKay's(1973, in Radford and Govier, 1991: 382)findings do not fully support this, asserting that unattended information may enter the short term memory.4.2 Capacity As mentioned in the previous section, the capacity of short term memory is limited and small.Atkinson and Shiffrin(1968)propose that it is seven items of information(give or take two).Miller(1956)says it is seven “chunks.” Another possibility may be that the limiting factor is not the short term memory's storage capacity, but its processing capacity(Gross: 1990:55).4.3 Modality To store information in short term memory, it must be encoded, and there is a variety of possibilities as to how this operates.There are three main possibilities in short term memory:(1)Acoustic(Phonemic)coding is rehearsing through sub-vocal sounds(Conrad, 1964 and Baddeley: 1966).(2)Visual coding is, as implied, storing information as pictures rather than sounds.This applies especially to nonverbal items, particularly if they are difficult to describe using words.In very rare cases some people may have a “photographic memory,” but for the vast majority, the visual code is much less effective than this(Posner and Keele: 1967).(3)Semantic coding is applying meaning to information, relating it to something abstract(Baddeley: 1990, Goodhead: 1999)4.4 Information Loss There are three main theories as to why we forget from our short term memory:(1)Displacement—existing information is replaced by newly received information when the storage capacity is full(Waugh and Norman: 1965)(2)Decay—information decays over time(Baddeley, Thompson and Buchanan, 1975).(3)Interference—other information present in the storage at the same time distorts the original information(Keppel and Underwood: 1962).4.5 Retrieval There are modes of retrieval of information from short term memory:(1)Serial search—items in short term memory are examined one at a time until the desired information is retrieved(Sternberg: 1966).(2)Activation—dependence on activation of the particular item reaching a critical point 5.Memory Training The purpose of short term memory training in CI is to achieve a better understanding of the source language, which will lead to adequate interpreting.As Lin Yuru et al.put it, “Memory in consecutive interpreting consists of nothing more than understanding the meaning, which is conveyed by the words”(Lin et al., 1999:9).Understanding is the first step in successful interpreting;therefore, memory training is to be provided in the early stage of interpreter training.Memory functions differently in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting because the duration of memory is longer in CI than in SI.There are different methods of training short term memory for CI and SI respectively.Interpreting starts with the encoding of the information from the original speaker.According to Gile's Effort Model, interpreting is short term memory-centered activity;the process of interpreting could be re-postulated into: Encoding of information from the Source Language + Storing Information + Retrieval of Information + Decoding Information into the Target language In Consecutive Interpreting, there is probably up to 15 minutes(depending on the speaker's segments)for the interpreter to encode and then store the information.This is the first phase of Gile's Effort Model for CI.In the second phase of Gile's Model, the interpreter starts to retrieve information and decode it into the target language.According to the previous description, there are three main possibilities of storing information in short term memory:(1)Acoustic Coding;(2)Visual Coding and(3)Semantic Coding.Visual coding may be used by interpreters in conference situations with multimedia.Notes in interpreting are to assist in such visual coding of information.But in most interpreting contexts, interpreters will depend on acoustic and semantic coding.Therefore, exercises should be designed for this purpose.The following methods are recommended: 5.1 Visualizing materials: Visualizing means that to visualize what the speaker is speaking, for instance, to form a scene to strengthen the short term memory of the interpreter.A British psychologist named Frederic C.Bartlett(1998:279)regarded memory as the reconstruction of an image.The conclusion of the study showed that the capacity of memory of pictures viewed and images is easier to remember than vocabulary and expressions This kind of exercise aims to promote the ability of an interpreter to actualize and visualize the information he listened, which is designed to sensibility of human’s brain to image of language resources.5.2 Retelling in the Source Language The instructor either reads or plays a recording of a text of about 200 words for the trainees to retell in the same language.The trainees should not be allowed to take any notes.In the first instance, trainees should be encouraged to retell the text in the same words of the original to the largest possible extent.The following tactics should be used by the trainees after a certain time of training on retelling: Categorization: Grouping items of the same properties;Generalization: Drawing general conclusions from particular examples or message from the provided text;Comparison: Noticing the differences and similarities between different things, facts and events;Description: Describing a scene, a shape, or size of an object, etc.Trainees are encouraged to describe, summarize, and abstract the original to a large extent in their own words in exercises.5.3 Mnemonic to Memory Mnemonic is a device, such as a formula or rhyme, used as an aid in remembering.Mnemonics are methods for remembering information that is otherwise quite difficult to recall.A very simple example of a mnemonic is the '30 days hath September' rhyme.The basic principle of Mnemonics is to use as many of the best functions of the human brain as possible to encode information.The human brain has evolved to encode and interpret complex stimuli—images, color, structure, sounds, smells, tastes, touch, spatial awareness, emotion, and language—using them to make sophisticated interpretations of the environment.Human memory is made up of all these features.Typically, however, information presented to be remembered is from one source—normally words on a page.While reading words on a page reflects one of the most important aspects of human evolution, it is only one of the many skills and resources available to the human mind.Mnemonics seek to use all of these resources.By encoding language and numbers in sophisticated, striking images which flow into other strong images, we can accurately and reliably encode both information and the structure of information to be easily recalled later(Manktelow:2003).5.4 Grouping information together Random lists of things(a shopping list, for example)can be especially difficult to remember.To make it easier, try categorizing the individual things from the list.If a person can remember that, among other things, he wanted to buy four different kinds of vegetables, he’ll find it easier to remember all four.Another example: probably ***818651898 won't be easily remembered, but try putting a space after every fourth number.Now those numbers are years, and they can be easily remembered by picking key events from each year(e.g., Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican-American War, Civil War, and Spanish-American War).5.5 Association
The reason that most of people can't remember their friend's phone number is because 535-3473 just a string of numbers that have no obvious connection to their friend.In order to use one’s memory efficiently, the best way is to actively create an association for things one is trying to remember.For example, write out a phone number: five three five three four seven three.Now try to create a clever phrase that starts with the first letter of those words: fairy tales feel true for some time.Now that phone number can be much more easily remembered.Alternatively, one could create a story that involves 5 characters buying 3 things and doing 5 more things with them by using imagination.The point is that one wants to connect the phone number to something else.6.Conclusion Keeping a good short term memory in consecutive interpreting is a significant aspect, which the train interpreters need to grasp.From the above analysis, we can conclude that short term memory skills in consecutive interpreting could be acquired by effectively designed training methods.With a well-'trained' short-term memory, interpreters are actually equipped with an effective tool for the encoding and decoding information.Even though the author has found and summarized some training methods, these methods are not suitable for every trainee.In the future research, the author believes that every student interpreter needs to explore practical training methods for themselves, which can lead a better result for their future career and be transformed into theories.
第二篇:英语专业翻译实习报告
实习报告
-----英语专业翻译实习报告
在结束大学的三年生活之后,为了能充分将所学的知识转化为工作能力,为了能更好地了解自我,锻炼自身的社会活动能力,了解社会现实,为明年毕业、就业做好准备。今年暑期我在昆明风动新科技集团发展有限公司进行了为期半个月的实习。
昆明风动新科技集团发展有限公司位于昆明市昆明民族高新科技工业开发区,科泰路M-12。昆明风动新技术集团发展有限公司,是中国烟草机械总公司专业生产大型烟草预压打包机、气力式烟丝输送分配系统的国内定点厂,是昆明市人民政府扶优扶强重点扶持的骨干企业,是云南省科技厅认定的高新技术企业,是国家制糖机械设计制造的重点企业。经过近几年的产业结构调整以及公司整体的产权制度改革,现已发展成为以烟草机械为主体,机械立体物流仓库(立体车库)、制糖机械、蜂窝纸板生产线及蜂窝纸制品、金属屋面系统等业务多元化发展的现代股份制企业。
从6月16日到7月8日,我进行了为其3周的实习,每天早上8点钟上班,开始了一天忙碌的工作,中午有一个小时的午休,下午5点整下班。实习期间主要负责翻译资料填写表格。
我与其他两位同学一起来到公司实习,我们三人组每天早上基本上都能够提前10分钟到达公司。在工作时间认真完成工作;在休息时间与公司的人员多沟通交流,通过一周的实习,我基本上适应了公司的环境。而公司人员都非常支持我们的工作,提供了忠实的意见与宝贵的机会来提升锻炼我们的能力,而正是这些信任给了我们进步的压力与动力,让我们有了紧迫感。
我被分到了人力资源部,第一天就接到了翻译“SGS的焊工资格认证书的任务”,这对我来说是一个艰巨的任务,因为里面的专业术语太多,而且很多是缩略语,需要到网上查阅大量的资料才能确定如何翻译。而且有些词是有两种意义的,例如:NA,它一方面可以表示“无”,另外也可以表示“国家级的”,两种意思差别巨大,而且无上下文可以联系进行判断。最终,在翻阅大量资料后,我确定NA是无的意思。所以我觉得要更优质、更高效地完成工作必要的工具书是不可或缺的。
因此我充分意识到了,虽然在学校里学了很多英语单词掌握了英语语法与常用术语,但是对专业英语词汇以及用法却知之甚少,所以工作之余要下很大的功夫熟悉这方面的术语并且向朋友借了一本专业翻译词典。
我们工作的时候应该认真仔细,要知道稍微的疏忽可能会给公司带来巨大的损失。所以工作的时候尽量与别人合作。例如,翻译工作,难免会发生错误,所以我会请别人校正,以保证准确无误的完成工作。
作为一名实习生我们首先要端正心态,心态决定这我们的工作状态,不要认为“我们还是学校的学生”,就可以做好做坏无所谓,上班可以迟到,有事没事可以经常请假。应该把自己看成该单位的试用期员工,这样有利于我们未来的就业,达到实习目的。
我觉得做事应当先学会做人。我们应该与同事形成一种良好的关系,互帮互助。当在地上发现垃圾,或者有谁的东西掉到地上时,应当主动地捡起啦。上下班的时候帮助同事们开关门窗,检查用电情况,这都是我们实习生应当做的。不论实习工作是否对口,我们都应当努力去做,我想任何的工作都会是我们将来工作的一部分,去填写表格文件,处理文字资料我们都应当认真对待。在实习中,我经常帮助大家做些电脑方面的事情。这或许就是一种主动积极的做事方法。
作为单位的新人,我们对业务往往不熟,甚至还会出错。例如:一次填写表格,我的确是按要求把“居住在公司宿舍的人”的居住地址写成科泰路,但我却没有注意居住在其他宿舍的不能写成科泰路,犯了一次小错误。所以我们一定要虚心请教,避免犯些错误。向人请教还有一点好处,就是他们的工作经验会是你少走很多弯路,例如我在做一个表格的时候,欣欣自喜,因为我觉得我年轻,做那种表格会比别人快很多,结果我累了一上午,终于把表格做好,却发现他们在审阅的时候用了另外一种方法。我一直在旁边看着,我觉得这是工作中的一种学习与收获。
我第一天就因为坐得久了或者不习惯这里的生活而感到疲倦,有点坐着不耐烦。但是过了几天,我慢慢的开始习惯了这种办公室的生活。现在在办公室,有闲的时候就会看一些英语方面的资料,有时候和大家谈谈,感受办公室的生活,积累工作经验。我觉得这次实习对我影响最大的就是让我在工作实践中领悟到了工作作风以及在工作过程中专业知识对工作的重要性,以及让我体会到了工作的生活。
半个月的实习生活,使我真正体会到作为一名办公室工作人员的忙碌生活。虽然我的事情并不多,但我的同事们不停地在工作,中午只有一个小时的时间休息,有时候还要主动加班。甚至有一天公司停电,同事们还要处理、装订文件。办公室的生活其实是很忙碌的,并不像我以前想的那样悠然自得,不用去做什么累人的体力活。
这次实习是我人生中的一次重要的经历,对将来走上工作岗位产生积极地影响。我体会到了专业知识与工作阅历对工作的技巧与工作效率的深刻影响。我充分明白了理论结合实际的现实意义。在工作中提升自我,与不断提升自己的素质的重要性。
第三篇:英语专业翻译实践报告
实践报告
这周是英语专业的翻译实践周,这次的专业实习让我受益匪浅,收获颇多。专业实习的主要目的是要培养我们理论联系实际,综合运用所学基础知识、基本理论和技能,独立分析、解决问题的能力。在大学的第三学年,实习是一个很重要的环节,对我们以后的工作实习也有一定的帮助。所以,我们要端正态度,认真对待这次的专业实习。
我们的主要任务是进行英译汉和汉译英的翻译实践,为此在实践的过程中,我总结了四种必备的翻译工具:一是灵格斯翻译工具,里面可安装各式的词典;二是百度搜索工具;三是有道词典;四是英汉词典;五是汉英词典。翻译的过程如下:首先可以现在灵格斯里查询不懂的单词和词组,寻找最符合原文的解释。然后采取同时在百度和有道词典搜索的做法,并对同种搜索工具搜索结果进行比较。他们有着各自的优缺点。所以我们最后用到的就是英汉和汉英辞典,可以对我们翻译之中的词汇,进行最后的确认,确定出最最准确的译法。
在翻译过程中也遇到到了一些困难,这说明在漫漫的英语学习过程中我还要继续努力。学如逆水行舟,不进则退,只要每天我认真学习,那就是一种进步。人生总归会有许多挫折,但我们若不跨过这道坎,就不会有进步,滞留不前。我们要用有限的生命创造无限的价值,勇敢面对每一个挑战。
翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地表达出来的语言行为。当然纸上谈兵是无稽之谈,光有理论知识而不实践操作也是没有用的。有位翻译家这么说过,“学翻译犹如学游泳。只在岸边看别人游,或只听教练讲解,是学不会的。”所以要想提高自己的翻译能力,一定要通过实践。实践可以分为两类,直接的实践和间接的实践。
所谓直接的实践,就是自己亲身参加的实践,也就是自己动手翻译。一回生,二回熟,日积月累,第一手经验多了,做起来得心应手,翻译能力有所提高。所谓“熟能生巧”,就是这个道理。但自己能译的东西是有限的,从这种实践中得出的经验也是有限的。因此,还需要借助于间接的实践。
所谓间接的实践,就是研究别人的译文。比如,一篇文章在手,准备翻译,这时先找一些有关的资料或同类文章的译文看一看,在词语和风格方面定会有所借鉴。别人的译文是别人直接实践的产物,看了别人的译文,就是从事间接实践。从总结经验的角度来看,直接实践和间接实践具有同等的价值。因此,有空的时候,找一些译文来,尤其是好的译文,加以研究,总结出一些规律性的东西,对于提高自己的翻译能力是大有好处的。
经过这几天的翻译实践,心里感触良多,收获也颇多,从中也学到了很多东西,总结出了几点体会:
一、翻译的工作性质需要我们仔细、认真并且耐心。翻译是一项慢中出细活的工作,要坐得住,稳得住,要一丝不苟地对待,字字斟酌,句句思量,严格遵守“信、雅、达”的翻译标准,力求把译文翻译得通顺准确,忠实原文。
二、英语和其他学科知识的积累。毫无疑问,要想成为一个出色的翻译工作者,就必须同时具有高水平的语言能力和某一领域的专业知识。这一次的翻译实践大大拓宽了我的视野,积累了不少专业的英语词汇,也逐渐认清科技英语文章的翻译特点。
三、计算机操作能力需要提高,尤其是中英文打字的水平。现在翻译文章无不需要借助于电脑,翻译的过程中直接考验了一个人的打字水平,现在我的中文打字速度还不是很快,所以,我要多多加强我的打字能力。
四、为成为一个合格的翻译者打下了基础。在这次的翻译过程中,我学到了很多的翻译技巧,这对我来说是一个很大的收获。我相信自己的能力,对自己的翻译生涯充满了热切的期待。也许我不是天才,不能一下子就成为优秀的翻译者,但我愿意先从一个合格的翻译者做起,从合格到优秀,一直努力,一直在进步,这才是我一生所应该追求的梦想。
书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。在这几天的专业实习的翻译实训中,我学习到了很多东西,也发现自己的翻译水平更待提高。在以后的日子里,要多多练习英语翻译,努力提高英语翻译水平,为迎接往后的挑战做好充分的准备。
第四篇:英语专业翻译_实习报告
实习报告
-----英语专业翻译实习报告
在年后的日子,为了能充分将所学的知识转化为工作能力,为了能更好地了解自我,锻炼自身的社会活动能力,了解社会现实,为明年毕业、就业做好准备。今年暑期我在南阳金牛电器有限公司进行了为期三周的实习。
南阳金牛电气有限公司成立于2007年,总投资2000万元,占地面积20000平方米,河南省高新技术企业,专业生产防雷避雷电气产品,产品主要有金属氧化物电阻片、氧化锌避雷器、高能电阻器、压敏电阻器、跌落式熔断器、复合绝缘子、隔离开关等。
从3月12日到4月12日,我进行了为其4周的实习,我与其他八位同学一起来到公司实习,我们八人组每天早上基本上都能够提前10分钟到达公司。每天早上9点钟上班,开始了一天忙碌的工作,中午有一个小时的午休,下午5点整下班。实习期间主要负责翻译资料填写表格。
第一周,主要是认识公司,经理对我们进行了培训,向我们介绍了公司的主要业务和文化生活。我们了解到公司是一个主要对国内外营销TFT-LCD的贸易公司。我们在工作时间认真完成工作;在休息时间与公司的人员多沟通交流,通过一周的实习,我基本上适应了公司的环境。而公司人员都非常支持我们的工作,提供了忠实的意见与宝贵的机会来提升锻炼我们的能力,而正是这些信任给了我们进步的压力与动力,让我们有了紧迫感。
我被分到了人力资源部,第一天就接到了翻译“SGS的焊工资格认证书的任务”,这对我来说是一个艰巨的任务,因为里面的专业术语太多,而且很多是缩略语,需要到网上查阅大量的资料才能确定如何翻译。而且有些词是有两种意义的,例如:NA,它一方面可以表示“无”,另外也可以表示“国家级的”,两种意思差别巨大,而且无上下文可以联系进行判断。最终,在翻阅大量资料后,我确定NA是无的意思。所以我觉得要更优质、更高效地完成工作必要的工具书是不可或缺的。
因此我充分意识到了,虽然在学校里学了很多英语单词掌握了英语语法与常用术语,但是对专业英语词汇以及用法却知之甚少,所以工作之余要下很大的功
夫熟悉这方面的术语并且向朋友借了一本专业翻译词典。
我们工作的时候应该认真仔细,要知道稍微的疏忽可能会给公司带来巨大的损失。所以工作的时候尽量与别人合作。例如,翻译工作,难免会发生错误,所以我会请别人校正,以保证准确无误的完成工作。
作为一名实习生我们首先要端正心态,心态决定这我们的工作状态,不要认为“我们还是学校的学生”,就可以做好做坏无所谓,上班可以迟到,有事没事可以经常请假。应该把自己看成该单位的试用期员工,这样有利于我们未来的就业,达到实习目的。
我觉得做事应当先学会做人。我们应该与同事形成一种良好的关系,互帮互助。当在地上发现垃圾,或者有谁的东西掉到地上时,应当主动地捡起啦。上下班的时候帮助同事们开关门窗,检查用电情况,这都是我们实习生应当做的。不论实习工作是否对口,我们都应当努力去做,我想任何的工作都会是我们将来工作的一部分,去填写表格文件,处理文字资料我们都应当认真对待。在实习中,我经常帮助大家做些电脑方面的事情。这或许就是一种主动积极的做事方法。
作为单位的新人,我们对业务往往不熟,甚至还会出错。例如:一次填写表格,我的确是按要求把“居住在公司宿舍的人”的居住地址写成大同路,但我却没有注意居住在其他宿舍的不能写成大同路,犯了一次小错误。所以我们一定要虚心请教,避免犯些错误。向人请教还有一点好处,就是他们的工作经验会是你少走很多弯路,例如我在做一个表格的时候,欣欣自喜,因为我觉得我年轻,做那种表格会比别人快很多,结果我累了一上午,终于把表格做好,却发现他们在审阅的时候用了另外一种方法。我一直在旁边看着,我觉得这是工作中的一种学习与收获。
我第一天就因为坐得久了或者不习惯这里的生活而感到疲倦,有点坐着不耐烦。但是过了几天,我慢慢的开始习惯了这种办公室的生活。现在在办公室,有闲的时候就会看一些英语方面的资料,有时候和大家谈谈,感受办公室的生活,积累工作经验。我觉得这次实习对我影响最大的就是让我在工作实践中领悟到了工作作风以及在工作过程中专业知识对工作的重要性,以及让我体会到了工作的生活。
半个月的实习生活,使我真正体会到作为一名办公室工作人员的忙碌生活。
虽然我的事情并不多,但我的同事们不停地在工作,中午只有一个小时的时间休息,有时候还要主动加班。甚至有一天公司停电,同事们还要处理、装订文件。办公室的生活其实是很忙碌的,并不像我以前想的那样悠然自得,不用去做什么累人的体力活。
这次实习是我人生中的一次重要的经历,对将来走上工作岗位产生积极地影响。我体会到了专业知识与工作阅历对工作的技巧与工作效率的深刻影响。我充分明白了理论结合实际的现实意义。在工作中提升自我,与不断提升自己的素质的重要性。
第五篇:英语专业翻译实习报告
英语专业翻译实习报告
英语专业翻译实习报告1
一、实习目的:
实习是大学教育最后一个极为重要的实践性教学环节。通过实习,使我们在社会实践中接触与本专业相关的实际工作,增强感性认识,培养和锻炼我们综合运用所学的基础理论、基本技能和专业知识,去独立分析和解决实际问题的能力,把理论和实践结合起来,提高实践动手能力,为我们毕业后走上工作岗位打下一定的基础;同时可以检验教学效果,为进一步提高教育教学质量,培养合格人才积累经验,并为自己能顺利与社会环境接轨做准备。
二、实习地点:
kodak和平数码影像中心
由于这家影像中心新近了两台机器,一台是NORITSU牌型号QSF-V30S的冲卷机,另一台是型号QSS-3301S的冲纸机,而且这两台机器都是日本进口的,使用说明书只有日文和英文版的,所以我的工作很明显,就是把英文版的说明书翻译成中文。
翻译工作远比我想像的要难,因为本身我不是英语专业的,说明书是图文并貌,里面有大量的专有名词,我的电子词典都不够用了,每天在店里我都与英语词典形影不离,很庆幸把它从学校带回了家。
在闲暇时候我也不闲着,虚心请教店里的师傅,学习一些用photoshop修改图片的知识,例如,如何改红眼、如何给照片整体和局域加亮等方法。经过一段时间的学习,我也可以帮助店里修改数码相片了,而且很有效率
其实人生充满了机遇和挑战。在影像中心实习期间我也遇到了很多困难,有时真的对琐碎重复的工作感到厌倦,一翻英文词典就感到头疼。不过我通过一段时间的摸索,总结出了摆正心态的重要性,冷静分析,从自身查找原因,采取有效措施克服工作中的毛病,时刻保持自信和乐观的态度。渐渐地我开始熟悉我的工作,而且越干越有章法,翻译的效率和准确性也有明显提高。最后,我用了15天左右的时间完成了三本说明书近450多页的翻译工作,影像中心的老板对我的工作也是非常满意。
三、实习收获
1、通过在认识实习,让我对影像的工作范围和工作职责有了一个较深入的了解,学到了一些必备的办公室事物处理和photoshop等网络软件的应用。
2、专业知识要不断提高。这次实习让我认识到我的专业知识有待提高,要增强理论与实际的结合。知识是学不完的,每天多会出现新的情况,为此我要时刻保持学习的心态,同时要把所学应用的实践,这样我才能进步。
3、工作要有耐心和细心。笔头翻译是一项是比较烦琐的工作,面对那么多的枯燥无味的思慕时常会心生烦闷,厌倦,以致于错漏百出,而愈错愈烦,愈烦愈错。对此要调整好心态,要做到耐心和细心,这样差错少了就会越做越起劲,并会觉得这项工作也会使人快乐。
4、自主学习
工作时不再象在学校里学习那样,有老师,有作业,有考试,而是一切要自己主动去学去做。只要你想学习,学习的机会还是很多的,老员工们从不吝惜自己的经验来指导你工作,让你少走弯路;公司有各种各样的培训来提高自己,你所要作的只是甄别哪些是你需要了解的,哪些是你感兴趣的。
5、积极进取的工作态度
在工作中,你不只为公司创造了效益,同时也提高了自己,象我这样没有工作经验的新人,更需要通过多做事情来积累经验。特别是现在实习工作并不象正式员工那样有明确的工作范围,如果工作态度不够积极就可能没有事情做,所以平时就更需要主动争取多做事,这样才能多积累多提高。
6、团队精神
工作往往不是一个人的事情,是一个团队在完成一个项目,在工作的过程中如何去保持和团队中其他同事的交流和沟通也是相当重要的。要学会与别人沟通、培养交流的能力以及与人合作的能力。合理的分工可以使大家在工作中各尽所长,团结合作,配合默契,共赴成功。个人要想成功及获得好的业绩,必须牢记一个规则:我们永远不能将个人利益凌驾于团队利益之上,在团队工作中,会出现在自己的.协助下同时也从中受益的情况,反过来看,自己本身受益其中,这是保证自己成功的最重要的因素之一。
7、基本礼仪
步入社会就需要了解基本礼仪,而这往往是原来作为学生不大重视的,无论是着装还是待人接物,都应该合乎礼仪,才不会影响工作的正常进行。这就需要平时多学习,比如注意其他人的做法或向专家请教。
8、为人处事
作为学生面对的无非是同学、老师、家长,而工作后就要面对更为复杂的关系。无论是和领导、同事还是客户接触,都要做到妥善处理,要多沟通,并要设身处地从对方角度换位思考,而不是只是考虑自己的事。
最后,我至少还有以下问题需要解决。
1、缺乏工作经验
因为自己缺乏经验,很多问题而不能分清主次,还有些培训或是学习不能找到重点,随着实习工作的进行,我想我会逐渐积累经验的。
2、工作态度仍不够积极
在工作中仅仅能够完成布置的工作,在没有工作任务时虽能主动要求布置工作,但若没有工作做时可能就会松懈,不能做到主动学习,这主要还是因为懒惰在作怪,在今后我要努力克服惰性,没有工作任务时主动要求布置工作,没有布置工作时作到自主学习。
3、工作时仍需追求完美
在工作中,不允许丝毫的马虎,严谨认真是时刻要牢记的,以前我完成的工作中或多或少的会存在些问题,提交给老师后,有老师为我指出才没给影响中心导致损失,要是我的错误导致了中心的损失后果不堪设想。
4、学术上不够钻研
这是由工作性质决定的,也是我自己选择的,因为在我看来,只有被市场认可的技术才有价值,同时我也认为自己更适合做与人沟通的工作。但我毕竟是旅游专业的学生,需要作一些技术的研究工作,这就需要我个人多向店里的师傅学习,同时,这也对我的工作有促进作用。
以上就是我这次认识实习的心得体会。
英语专业翻译实习报告2
一、实习目的:
为了使自己更加深入了解英语在社会和实际工作中的应用,丰富已学过的专业课内容,培养理论联系实际的能力,提高在语言应用中分析问题及解决问题的实际能力。为了更好地为完成毕业论文打下基础,为了以后工作的顺利进行。通过实习,还应了解英语在外贸,及涉外和服务行业中的重要地位,了解和积累更多的实践经验,培养热爱专业,献身国家建设的思想。我们使用相关专业课教材,及实习单位提供的相关材料通过参与一个完整的笔译过程(资料,情报翻译)或口译过程(涉外接待,贸易谈判等), 使自己掌握和提高熟练使用英语的技能。
实习单位的介绍:
翻译公司是本市的一家经工商局审批注册的专为国内外各机构和个人提供专业翻译服务的企业。拥有各行业的专业翻译人员、高级审译顾问、外籍专家、审译人员、留学回国人员等组成的优秀工作团队。本公司坚持“以人为本”的指导思想,本着“团结拼搏,勇创一流”的精神,恪守“追求卓越 挑战极限”的原则,积极为焦作地区的经济、文化和对外交流与发展,作出我们应有的贡献。公司长期对外承接的翻译服务有:英、日、法、俄、德、韩、蒙、越南、阿拉伯、西班牙、意大利,等近40种语种与汉语不同形式的笔译,陪同口译,交替传译,同声传译等业务。涉及机械、化工、汽车、金融、文学等各个领域。我们实行的是“翻译—副译审—总译审”的三级质量管理体系。合理的翻译运作流程、严格的质量控制体系、独特的译员审核标准以及完善的跟踪回访服务是我们优质翻译的保证。我们始终信守诚实做人,踏实做事的原则。秉承“竭诚为客户服务”的宗旨,用我们的辛勤工作换来沟通无限和您的微笑。
二.翻译过程的基本环节与具体要求
(一)实际翻译程序可以归纳如下:
1.快速翻译,侧重文体。有些译者认为口述的译文更新颖、更流畅。但无论译者是口述、打字、还是手写,重要的是要使译文节奏流畅;
2.初稿应该保留约一周左右。这样,修订译稿时就可以获得全新的感受,排除翻译初稿时留在耳边的余音,更加客观地评估译文;
3.认真检查译文内容,特别着重译文的准确性和连贯性。删除不必要的增补词语和补充初稿中的疏漏。特别要注意关键概念在翻译上的一致性,理顺拗口的词句;
4.从文体上检查译文。其实,这一步骤应该反复进行多次。朗读译文是一个非常重要的办法,因为听觉对连贯性和节奏感方面的问题比视觉要敏锐得多;
5.检查译文拼写、标点符号和格式。有些译者错误地认为,对译文内容、文体和正字法这三方面的检查可以合并起来一次完成,这种看法是大错特错的。对译文上述三个方面的检查应该分别进行;
6.译文送交三审审阅。
(二)汉译英的具体要求:
1. 符合写作的一切规则
a) 格式要求
i. 拼写正确
ii. 标点正确(英语中不用汉语标点:英语无顿号、逗号是圆点,所有符号语汉语大小不同;逗号后面有空格,前面没有;英语标点和汉语没有必然对应关系)
b) 语法要求
i. 注意每个名词的单复数是否正确
ii. 注意时态是否正确
iii.人称和数是否照应
c) 词和句子的要求
i. 每个单词的意思准确、符合上下文需要
ii. 每个单词的搭配符合英语习惯
iii. 每个动词的句型符合英语习惯
iv. 每个介词的用法符合英语习惯
翻译的三个基本要求是“信”、“达”、“雅”。“信”要求忠实原文的内容和每个句子的含义,用现代汉语字字落实、句句落实直译出来,不得随意地增减内容。“达”要求翻译出的现代文要表意明确、语言通顺、语气不走样。“雅”要求用简明、优美、富有文采的现代汉语把原文的内容、形式及风格准确地表达出来。
(三)在翻译中遇到的困难及其分析:
基于翻译的具体要求,我还不能完全达到这种水平,虽然可以句句落实直译出来,做到不随意增减内容,但却做不到“达”的要求,翻译出的材料表意不明确,译不出原材料的那种语气,“雅”的要求更是离的太远,还有涉及到专业性的材料就会觉得一头雾水,不知从何下手,此翻彼翻都觉得不太贴切。
在中国青年报上看到这样一则消息:把“保税仓库”译为“保证税收的仓库”,“五四运动”成了“五四体育运动”……译文中国人看不懂外国人不明白——
“一个英语专业8级的大学毕业生,语法结构错误百出,认为‘小康’就是‘富有’,译文做成中英文字符的简单对应……”说起前两天来应聘翻译职位的一位大学毕业生的表现,北京一家翻译公司的负责人直摇头。其实,考试的题目并不是很难——一段关于“我国实行按劳分配制度,允许和支持一部分人通过诚实劳动先富起来”的100字左右的中译英试题。这家翻译公司的负责人说,像这样拿着英语专业8级证书,却当不了合格翻译的大学毕业生,并非极端个别的例子。现在合格的翻译太少了。
伴随着中国加入世贸组织,对外交流的日益频繁,翻译人才的缺口越来越大。业内专家表示,翻译市场巨大,合格翻译人才紧缺,学了外语就能当翻译的老观念该改一改了。
这则消息正说明了一个现实问题,我深有体会,我们在工作中翻译用词不准确,专业领域背景知识缺乏,写作水平又差,真觉得不能胜任翻译工作。把“数控发电机”译成“数字化发电机”,把“保税仓库”译为“保证税收的仓库”,这样的例子比比皆是。由于历史背景和专有名词的缺乏,单纯从字面意思出发,把“五四运动”中的.“运动”直译为“Sport”(即体育运动),这样的笑话也出了不少。由于自己的中文基础不扎实,词汇变化少,语言贫乏,翻译出来的东西语言不通顺。外语的学习则是从认知语言学起,我们掌握了大量的词汇、语法后,再串成句子连成段落。老师在讲述外语的过程中不可能一篇文章或一段话地讲解,学习效果很不地道。学完外语专业只能表示具备翻译行为,而并不具备职业翻译能力。换句话说,学完外语专业不是就能做翻译了。本科生在大学学习阶段,大多没有接触过系统的翻译课程训练,即使有翻译课程也是在大三下学期或大四才开课。没有平时的训练怎么能成为合格的翻译呢?由于高等教育的日益普及,本科教育已不是终端教育。学生在本科阶段主要打好语言基础,在研究生阶段进行集中翻译学习培训。专家普遍认为,要成为一名合格的翻译,需要在本科毕业后,用2至3年进行专门的翻译课程学习,在工作中磨练若干年,并学习相关的专业知识和术语等。
三、怎样才能做一名合格翻译
扎实的语言基本功。
一名优秀的译员应具备良好的英语修养和扎实的汉语基本功,掌握英汉两种语言的特点和互译规律,拥有快速、准确地遣词造句的能力。译员要有良好的语音基本功,掌握英汉两种语言基础,敏锐的听力,超常的词汇量,良好的语感,灵活的表达能力以及广阔语言文化背景知识。需要特别强调的是译员的听力理解能力,他是口译成败的一个关键因素,也是一名译员的综合语言和知识水平的反映。
2.广博的知识面。
译员光有扎实的语言基本功是远远不够的。常常有译员因缺乏主题知识或百科知识而出现“卡壳”的现象。译员的接触面很广,接待的对象在职业、年龄、身份、阶层、志趣、爱好、生活习惯、民族性格、社会习俗、宗教信仰等方面都会有很大的差异,随时随地都有可能遇到各种话题。因此,译员必须掌握丰富全面的百科知识,例如专业常识、社会常识、法规政策常识、国际常识以及背景知识、国情地情、风土人情、名胜古迹、花草树木、昆虫动物等百科知识,拥有较高的文化修养,能上知天文、下通地理、博古通今,并熟悉各行各业,努力做一个“杂家”或“万事通”。
3.出众的记忆力。
译员需要有非凡的记忆力,这一点是由口译工作的特点所决定的。首先,译员在口译过程中不可能有机会查阅词典和工具书,或请教别人,因此,译员必须记住大量的词汇(包括专业词汇)、成语、典故和缩略词等。其次,译员要把讲话人所讲的内容准确详尽地用另一种语言表达出来,也必须有相当好的记忆力。
4.口齿要清楚。
5.严谨的工作作风。
6.良好的心理素质。
四、实习收获及总结:
经过为期两个月的实习,我学到很多东西知道了翻译的具体过程和基本要求,了解到自己不足的地方,清楚了自己应向哪个方面努力。在实习期间从事大量中英文文字翻译,例如各种出国证明书(出生证明,亲属证明,成绩单等),合同,财务报表,公司章程及法律文件。以后,我在学习上应理论联系实际,从点到面的全面学习,避免拿以前应付考试的态度来学习;在工作中应该实事求是,细心认真的独立完成自己的工作,并要培养与人协作的精神;在生活中就我个人而言应学会更好的与人相处和沟通,即将离开学校走入社会,我必须更好的完善自己的性格。