2018高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练

第一篇：2018高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意题靶向训练

专题一 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意题

[真题演练]

A(2016·全国卷Ⅲ，阅读理解D)(导学号 58210008)Bad news sells.If it bleeds，it leads.No news is good news，and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people's e－mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media，”says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling.But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react.You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word－of－mouth communication—e－mails，Web posts and reviews，face－to－face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的)，but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility，Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories：thousands of articles on The New York Times' website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e－mailed”list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles.He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr.Berger explains in his new book，“Contagious：Why Things Catch On.”

【语篇解读】 人们常说“没有消息就是最好的消息”，类似的传统说法只适合于大众媒体。在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多。

32．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A．News reports.B．Research papers.C．Private e－mails.D．Daily conversations.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media”可知，像“if it bleeds”这样的传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A。

答案：A

33．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A．They're socially inactive.B．They're good at telling stories.C．They're inconsiderate of others.D．They're careful with their words.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“...You care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据本段“You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被当作一个“Debbie Downer”，说明指的是“一个不为他人考虑的人”，故选C。

答案：C

34．Which tended to be the most e－mailed according to Dr.Berger's research? A．Sports news.B．Science articles.C．Personal accounts.D．Financial reviews.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“...articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles”可知，科技类的文章比非科技类的更有可能被人们讨论，故选B。

答案：B

★35.What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide B．Online News Attracts More People C．Reading Habits Change with the Times D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“By tracking people's e－mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters

and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。

答案：D

B(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care－givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。32．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger.B．It promotes friendship.C．It is culture－specific.D．It is content－based.解析：推理判断题。根据文章首段首句“The meaning of silence varise among cultural groups”和下文给出的例子可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。

答案：C

33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese.B．The French.C．The Mexicans.D．The Russians.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知许多美国本土人，一些传统的中国人以及泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。

答案：A

34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.B．Break it while treating patients.C．Evaluate its harm to patients.D．Make use of its healing effects.解析：细节理解题。根据末段末句“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients...”可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D。

答案：D

★35.What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B。

答案：B

C(2015·广东卷，阅读理解C)(导学号 58210009)

Daniel Anderson，a famous psychologist，believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV，he says，for problems it doesn't really cause，overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV，children do not merely absorb words and images(影像)．Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.Actually，children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.Yet，most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But according to Anderson，the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children；it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation，such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.“A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads，”Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television－watching lowers IQ(智商)scores and affects school performance.But here，too，Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact，reasearch suggests that it's the other way around.“If you're smart young，you'll watch less TV when you're older，”Anderson says.Yet，people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However，by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed，Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.【语篇解读】 本文为议论文，题材为社会生活类。传统观念认为，看电视会对孩子思维能力的培养产生负面的影响，还会让孩子远离阅读。而著名心理学家安德森对此提出了不同的看法。

36．By watching TV，children learn ________.A．images through words B．more than explicit meanings

C．more about images than words D．little about people's psychology 解析：事实细节题。根据第二段第三句“Instead，they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.”可知答案为B项。

答案：B

37．An educational program is best watched by a child ________.A．on his own

C．with his parents

B．with other kids D．with his teachers 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore，as many teachers agree，children understand far more when parents watch TV with them，explaining new words and ideas.可以推断出答案为C项。

答案：C

38．Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability? A．Radio－listening.B．Television－watching.C．Parents' reading list.D．Parents' educational background.解析：事实细节题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.”可知答案为D项。

答案：D

39．Anderson believes that ________.A．the more a child watches TV，the smarter he is B．the younger a child is，the more he watches TV C．the smarter a child is，the less likely he gets addicted to TV D．the less a child watches TV，the better he performs at school 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句安德森所说“If you're smart young，you'll watch less TV when you're older，”可以推断出答案为C项。

答案：C

★40.What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise on the educational use of TV.B．To describe TV's harmful effects on children.C．To explain traditional views on TV influences.D．To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章讲述的都是安德森关于看电视对孩子的影响所提出的非传

统的观点。故选D项。

答案：D

[模拟演练]

A(2017·湘潭一中等六校联考)After the earthquake had stopped, when the rescuers reached the ruins of a young woman's house, they saw her dead body through the cracks.But her pose was somehow strange that she knelt on her knees like a person was worshiping(做礼拜)；her body was leaning forward, and her two hands were supported by an object.The collapsed house had crashed her back and her head.With so many difficulties, the leader of the rescue team put his hand through a narrow gap on the wall to reach the woman's body.He was hoping that this woman could be still alive.However, the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure.He and the rest of the team left this house and were going to search the next collapsed building.For some reasons, the team leader was driven by compelling force to go back to the ruined house of the dead woman.Again, he knelt down and used his hand through the narrow cracks to search the little space under the dead body.Suddenly, he screamed with excitement，“A child!There is a child！”

The whole team worked together；carefully they removed the piles of ruined objects around the dead woman.There was a 3－month－old little boy wrapped in a flowery blanket under his mother's dead body.Obviously, the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son.When her house was falling, she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.The little boy was still sleeping peacefully when the team leader picked him up.The medical doctor came quickly to exam the little boy.After he opened the blanket, he saw a cell phone.There was a text message on the screen.It said，“If you can survive, you must remember that I love you.”This cell phone was passing around from one hand to another.Everybody that read the message wept.“ If you can survive，you must remember that I love you.”Such is the mother's love for her child!【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者讲述了一个感人的真实故事。在地震中一位普通而又伟大的母亲在危难时刻为自己的孩子开辟了一条生命通道，她把死留了自己，把生留给了自己的孩子。

1．Why did the leader of the rescue team decide to leave the house?

A．He didn't notice the woman.B．He knew the woman was dead.C．He left to ask for help.D．The gap was too narrow for his hand to get through.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“However，the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure.”及第三段第一句“He and the rest of the team left this house and were going to search the next collapsed building.”可知答案为B项。

答案：B

2．The reason why the woman died in such a strange pose was that________． A．she tried to protect her baby with her own body B．the earthquake happened when she was worshiping C．her knees were severely injured D．her hands were supported by an object 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Obviously，the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son.When her house was falling，she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.”可知答案为A项。

答案：A

★3.What can be the best title for the passage? A．A strange pose in the ruins B．A mother's love in the ruins C．A rescue team's struggle D．A heart－breaking scene 解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了地震中的一位母亲用自己的生命保护了自己的孩子，由此可见本文的最佳题目为：废墟里的母爱。故答案为B项。

答案：B

B(2017·济宁高三模拟)(导学号 58210010)Giving Mary Poppins's magic umbrella some serious competition is the all high－tech “Oombrella”—not only can it predict the weather，it's also impossible to lose.The smart umbrella syncs(同步进行)with a smartphone app，sending users updates about weather conditions 30 minutes in advance，and reminders if they happen to leave the device behind.And here's the added bonus—it won't ever flip inside－out.Designed by French company Wezzoo，the rainbow－colored umbrella comes in two

versions—classic and modern.The classic is 3.1ft long with a curved handle，while the modern version is 0.8ft long with a straight handle.The company describes the device as a‘portable weather station’，made of a reflective surface with built in sensors that record real－time data such as light，humidity，pressure，and temperature.The umbrella collects and processes this data as well as information from a social media community before sending out alerts about when it's going to start raining.And if the user happens to accidentally forget it at home on a potentially rainy day，or leaves it in a restaurant，similar alerts will be sent out using GPS technology to make sure you don't lose it.“We wanted to make this umbrella unforgettable in terms of design，too，”explains Alexandre，of Escabo design studio.“We developed an exclusive material.It makes you feel you are holding an aurora borealis(北极光)in your hands.It has effects that are amazing with the light and always changing.It really makes the umbrella special.”The‘capsule' that integrates all the technology，making the umbrella smart，is located in the handle.The umbrella is all set to hit global online and physical stores this fall.According to a company spokesperson，it will retail at79($86)，but the early bird price on Kickstarter is59($64)．For those who are rather attached to their current umbrellas，the company will also release an‘Oombrella capsule' that can transform any umbrella into a smart device.Now，if only it could make us fly like Mary Poppins!【语篇解读】 文章介绍一种新型的智能雨伞，它既可以提醒用户要下雨了，还能防止丢失。

★4.What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Oombrella? A．Its special design.C．Its functions.B．Its working principle.D．Its structure.解析：段落大意题。根据文章第一段的句子“not only can it predict the weather，it's also impossible to lose....And here's the added bonus—it won't ever flip inside－out.”可知，第一段主要介绍Oombrella的功能。故选C。

答案：C 5．Which of the following best shows how Oombrella works? A．collect—process—record—predict B．process—record—collect—predict

C．record—collect—process—predict D．record—process—collect—predict 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“made of a reflective surface with built in sensors that record real－time data such as light，humidity，pressure，and temperature.The umbrella collects and processes this data as well as information from a social media community before sending out alerts about when it's going to start raining.”可知，Oombrella先记录信息，再收集、处理，最后预测天气。故选C。

答案：C

6．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Oombrella is already on sale.B．Early buyers of Oombrella will save money.C．It's impossible to turn an ordinary umbrella into a smart one.D．Oombrella is a magic device that can make us fly.解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“According to a company spokesperson，it will retail at79($86)，but the early bird price on Kickstarter is59($64)．”可知，Oombrella的早期购买者可以省些钱。故选B。

答案：B

★7.What's the purpose of the author writing the passage? A．To introduce readers a new type of umbrella.B．To show readers how to predict the weather.C．To remind readers to take an umbrella at any time.D．To persuade readers to buy the high－tech umbrella.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的句子“Giving Many Poppins's magic umbrella some serious competition is the all high－tech ‘Oombrella’”可知，文章是介绍一种新型的伞。故选A。

答案：A

C(2017·南昌十校联考)In 1800，only three percent of the world's population lived in cities.Only one city—Beijing—had a population of over a million.Most people lived in rural areas，and never saw a city in their lives.In 1900，just a hundred years later，roughly 150 million people lived in cities，and the world's ten largest cities all had populations exceeding one million.By 2000，the number of city dwellers exceeded three billion;and in 2008，the world's population crossed a tipping point—more than half

of the people on Earth lived in cities.By 2050，that could increase to over two－thirds.Clearly，humans have become an urban species.In the 19th and early 20th centuries，many people viewed cities negatively—crowded，dirty environments full of disease and crime.They feared that as cities got bigger，living conditions would worsen.In recent decades，however，attitudes have changed.Many experts now think urbanization(城市化)is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth's growing population.Harvard economist Edward Glaeser，author of TriumphoftheCity，is one such person.Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people” reduces the cost of transporting goods，people，and ideas.While the flow of goods has always been important to cities，what is most important today is the flow of ideas.Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily，and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand.Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land.This leaves more space for open country，such as farmland.City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside.Their roads，sewers，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate.City apartments require less energy to heat，cool，and light.Most importantly，people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.So it's a mistake to see urbanization as evil;it's a natural part of development.The challenge is how to manage the growth.【语篇解读】 本文讲述了随着人们对城市看法的改变，城市化进程不断加快。许多专家认为这是好事。

★8.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The history of modern cities.B．Changes taking place within cities.C．How cities have grown over time.D．Why modern cities are changing.解析：段落大意题。第一段讲述了随着时间的推移，城市人口激增。故选C项。答案：C

9．How have experts' attitudes towards cities changed in recent decades? A．They now view the weaknesses as strengths.B．They no longer see city－living as attractive.C．They accept city life in spite of its problems.D．They think city－living provides more benefits.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many experts now think urbanization(城市化)is good news, offering solutions to the problems of Earth's growing population”可知，许多专家认为城市化进程是件好事。故选D项。

答案：D

10．Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with? A．Cities provide more economic opportunities.B．City people get along better with each other.C．Overcrowded cities result in problems.D．Cities limit the flow of ideas.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages”可知，他认为城市能为人们提供更多的经济发展机会。故选A项。

答案：A

11．According to Paragraph 4，what would be the result of moving people out of cities? A．Economic production would be reduced.B．There would be less farmland available.C．People would travel less frequently.D．House values would fall greatly.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world's population to live on about four percent of the land.This leaves more space for open country，such as farmland”可知，城市居民居住面积占地少，能够留出更多的土地进行耕种；由此可以推断：若让人们搬出城市，耕地的面积将大大减少。故选B项。

答案：B

D(2017·九江十校联考)(导学号 58210011)A cute white cat peeks out of a hole with only its head visible.A long－eared rabbit licks its lips while looking up at a carrot.These aren't real scenes in a natural park.Instead，they're paintings in tree holes on a road in Shijiazhuang，Hebei Province.Hundreds of people are visiting the artistic road to take photos of

the new paintings.The creator of these eye－catching paintings is Wang Yue，23.She describes her tree hole paintings as“a beautiful journey”through which she adds fun and vitality(活力)to her hometown.“When I saw the trees by the roadside had lost all their leaves，and the ugly tree holes became obvious，I thought that if I could paint some interesting scenes in these holes they might add some color to the city，”said Wang Yue.But Wang was worried that her watercolor paints could hurt the trees.When Wang got permission from city officials，she gathered her color palette，brushes and a stool and got to work.Her first painting was of rosy clouds，but many passers－by couldn't understand it.“Perhaps it was too abstract，”said Wang Yue.After that，she began to paint animals.Using her paintbrush she creatively placed a raccoon(浣熊)，a squirrel and a cat in the holes.Wang's friends shared her works on their micro blogs and she became a hit.Her next aim is to tell stories rather than painting individual animals.“I was glad to let people see life's beauty.I hope more artists can join me in painting the tree holes，”she said.【语篇解读】 石家庄女孩王月用“树洞画”让栩栩如生的小猫、松鼠以及各种风景在树洞“安家”，为黯淡的冬季带来了色彩。

12．Why did Wang Yue begin to create paintings in the tree holes? A．To practice painting and have fun.B．To prevent the tree leaves from falling.C．To have passers－by take photos of her paintings.D．To make the city more colorful and lively.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She describes her tree hole paintings as‘a beautiful journey’through which she adds fun and vitality to her hometown.”和第三段中的“I thought that if I could paint some interesting scenes in these holes they might add some color to the city.”可知她这样做主要是为了让城市更有活力，更有色彩。故D项正确。

答案：D

13．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Wang's first painting hurt the trees and city officials stopped her work.B．Wang's first painting wasn't popular because she wasn't skillful then.C．Wang became successful partly because of her friends' micro blogs.D．Wang would continue to centre her works on individual animals.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话“Wang's friends shared her works on their micro blogs and she became a hit”可知因为她的朋友在博客上分享了她的行为，别人才知道这件事情。故C项正确。

答案：C

★14.Which is the best title for the text? A．Paintings in tree holes become popular B．Paintings bring grey road to life C．Wang Yue—a girl who has become a hit D．Join in painting the tree holes 解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲的是石家庄女孩王月用“树洞画”为黯淡的冬季带来色彩。A，D项与文章无关。C项并非中心思想。B项概括了文章主旨。

答案：B

第二篇：高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专项限时训练[29]

高考英语二轮复习专项限时训练·阅读理解（二十九）

A

No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student.Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once.Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward.But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both.I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry.Poetry is “ a criticism of life”, and “ a heightening(提升)of life”.It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it “can save your life”.It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry.Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else.But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.1.To have a better understanding of a poem, one should________.A.discuss it with othersB.analyze it by oneself

C.copy it down in a notebookD.practise reading it aloud

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of poetry?

A.Extending your lifeB.Saving your life

C.Criticizing lifeD.Heightening life

3.According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students________.A.to understand life.B.to enjoy poetry.C.to become teachers.D.to become poets

4.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?

A.More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry.B.Poetry is more important than any other subject.C.One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry

D.Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses

5.The phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by

A.“build a booth”B.“provide equipment”

C.“leave a certain amount of time”D.“set aside enough space”

B

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud.Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction（分散注意力）to others.Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy（读写能力）and thus in the number of readers.As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud.As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way.Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening.Indeed this argument remains with us still in education.However, whatever its advantages are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.By the end of t he century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader.The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term

“reading” referred to.6.Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

A.Because silent reading had not been discovered.B.Because there were few places for private reading.C.Because few people could read for themselves.D.Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.7.The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed_______.A.a change in the position of literate people

B.a change in the nature of reading

C.an increase in the number of books

D.an increase in the average age of readers

8.Educationalists are still arguing about__________.A.the importance of silent reading

B.the amount of information provided by books and newspapers

C.the effects of reading on health

D.the value of different types of reading material

9.What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?

A.To explain how present day reading habits developed.B.To change people’s way to read.C.To show how reading methods have improved.D.To encourage the growth of reading.C

Sherlock Holmes is considered by many people as the greatest detective in fictional literature.He is, in fact, more famous than his own creator, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.In the popular series of stories, Holmes is described as “tall and lean, pope-smoking, always in his cape and speaks in a splendid manner”.Doyle gave Holmes’ address as 221-B Baker Street, London, and to this day some visitors to London still go to Baker Street to search for 221-B.Of course, there never was really any such address.Holmes’ flat was supposed to be shared by the lovable, but sometimes clumsy Doctor Watson who went around with Holmes trying to solve crimes before Holmes did.Poor Dr Watson lost out to Holmes every time.Doyle gave Holmes a masterly skill of deduction---the ability to come up with interesting conclusion from the simplest clues found at the scene of a crime.Doyle said that the description of Holmes was modeled on one of his lecturers at Edinburgh University where he studied medicine.That man was Dr Joseph Bell.Sherlock Holmes first appeared in Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet published in 1887.Holmes was so loved by all that when his author killed him off in one of his stories, readers wrote in anger to complain.They refused to allow Holmes to die!Holmes was brought back to “life” and appeared in further stories.The stories of Sherlock Holmes have been reprinted many times ever since then.Today we can watch Holmes at work on cinema and television screens as well as on stage.10.Sherlock Holmes was________.A.the greatest detective who ever lived

B.Dr Joseph Bell

C.Arthur Conan Doyle

D.only a character made up by Arthur Conan Dolye

11.Dr Watson was________.A.tall and learn

B.lovable but always clumsy

C.lovable but sometimes clumsy

D.lovable and never clumsy

12.Holmes was supposed to have lived_______.A.with Dr WatsonB.with Dr Joseph Bell

C.with the greatest detectiveD.with Doyle

13.Doyle made up the description of Holmes_______.A.from his own imagination

B.based on a famous London doctor

C.based on Dr Joseph Bell at Edinburgh University

D.based on a model of Holmes

答案与解析

1.D 根据第一段内容可知答案。

2.AB、C、D三个选项在文章中第三段都提到了。

3.B 根据文章中第三段第二句话I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry.可知答案。

4.A 结合本段主题及It also deserves a place …more central than it presently occupies.可知答案。

5.C 根据第三段第一句话I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both.及in the classroom(在课堂上)可知答案。

6.C从文中第三段的前两句可以看出。

7.B 从最后一段可找到答案。

8.D 文中第四段的第一句话作了明确说明。

9.A 作者写此文的目的正是向我们说明现代的阅读习惯是如何变化的、发展的。

10.D 从第一段前两句话可知：Holmes(福尔摩斯）被公认为是虚构文学中最伟大的侦探家，事实上他比他的创作者Arthur Conan Doyle 先生还出名，由此可知Holmes是Arthur Conan Doyle 笔下虚构的一个人物形象。

11.B 由第一段倒数第二句话可知：福尔摩斯和很可爱但有时难免笨拙的华伦医生住在一起。华伦医生伴随福尔摩斯左右并试图在福尔摩斯之前破案，但可怜的他每次都输给福尔摩斯。由此可知答案。

12.A 由第一段倒数第二句可知在小说中Holmes即福尔摩斯被安排和华伦医生住在一起，故选A。

13.C 由第二段第二句话可知福尔摩斯的原型来源于爱丁堡大学的Joseph Bell 博士。

第三篇：浙江省2016高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解

科普知识阅读理解（1）

科普知识（阅读理解）由(2012山东,D)改编

For those who are tired of doing the laundry,Samsung has found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES)this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install(安装)a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.Last year,it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year,it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it’s not just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates(电价)varying depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.1.What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?()A.The machine will be a big success.B.Their wives like doing the laundry.C.The machine is unrelated to their life.D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.2.What can we learn about the new laundry machines?()A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B.They can be controlled with a smartphone.C.They are difficult to operate.D.They are sold at a low price.3.We can conclude from Samsung’s statements that

.A.the app connection makes life easier B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning C.smartphones can shorten the drying time D.we should refresh clothes back at home 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?()A.The laundry should be frequently checked.B.Lazy people like using such machines.C.Good technologies also cause problems.D.Television may help do the laundry.语篇解读:本文属于科普知识类。对于那些讨厌洗衣服的人来说,Samsung为他们找到了解决办法:一种智能洗衣机可以通过灵巧的手机来控制,使得生活更加便利,但是好的技术同样会产生问题。

答案及剖析:1.D 事实细节题。第二段提到,出席产品展销会的人员说“my wife already does that”,这是他们对新型智能洗衣机的普遍反应。由此可知,他们都非常熟悉智能洗衣机的操作流程,故选D。

2.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“...when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).”可得出答案。

3.A 推理判断题。文章第六段提到,如果你早晨甩干的衣服忘记拿出来了,你可以拿出手机重启烘干机,这样你的衣服就焕然一新了。由此可以推断出这种新型洗衣机给生活带来了便利。

4.C 主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“...enable laziness.Rather than...users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.”可知,先进的技术同样会带来问题,故选C。【疑难词汇解读】

from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.Depression，which researchers agree has its origin in the genes，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently.Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.“Most patients in China just don’t get help，”a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital，I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel？’”

In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that they will be stricken_off_the_rolls.“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it.Because they feel the most secure about themselves，” an American doctor says.Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.1．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression.B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work.C．Depression is a commonly­existing problem only in rich countries.D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression.2．Compared to normal people，the depressed people are likely to be________.A．very unconfident and often absent­minded B．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks C．working efficiently and productively D．either weak or lazy 3．Depression becomes more serious in China because of________.A．the understanding of the problem B．the lack of treatment and doctors C．their unwillingness to tell it to their boss D．the doctors’ careless work 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists.5A．Dreaming does harm to one’s mood.B．Dreaming affects the quality of sleep.C．It’s hard to find out the secrets of dreaming.D．It’s not so important to know the cause of dreaming.4．What does the text focus on? A．Dreams and memories.C．The benefits of dreams.B．Dreams and emotions.D．The patterns of dreams.5．In which part of a magazine can this text be found? A．Entertainment.C．Science.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了梦的好处，即可以改善学习和情绪。

1．解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，为了证实梦对学习有帮助，Robert Stickgold做了这次实验，而实验结果表明选手的技能有所提高，根据本段最后一句“Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.”可推知，梦对学习各种技能都是有帮助的，故选B。答案： B 2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Another important task of dreams...emotions(情绪)．”和最后一句“In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood...”可知，梦有助于改善心情，故选C。答案： C 3．解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“There’s probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesn’t have to be.”可知，作者认为关于我们为什么会做梦的解释不止一个，但也没必要非要有一个解释。答案： D 4．解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了梦的好处：有助于改善学习和情绪。答案： C 5．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章主旨可知，文章是关于梦的科学研究方面的知识，所以最可能在杂志的有关科学的栏目里找到此文章，故选C。答案：C。

B．Tourism.D．Advertisement.

第四篇：【北京市特级教师二轮精讲】2014届高考英语二轮复习专题精讲：第9讲 阅读理解经典精讲(下)

第9讲 阅读理解经典精讲（下）

开篇语

试题简介

（1）一般考五篇文章，包括故事，新闻，科普知识，问题议论及应用文。有的地区最后一

篇采取七选五的方式考核。

（2）文章本身和所附问题共约2000-2200词。

（3）要求在40分钟左右完成。

（4）会有少量生词出现，有的注了中文，有的则需猜测。

（5）有的旧词是以新的意义出现的。

（6）不但考查语言而且考查对英美文化的了解。

（7）阅读时会碰到的十大语言难点（长句的结构、词义的辨别、连词、替代、后置定语、非谓语动词短语、省略、跳跃、各种否定和虚拟语气。）

（8）所附问题可分四类（概括中心、推理判断、词义辨别、细节的理解）。

（9）主观题量逐年增加。

应试要点

（1）先将文章大概扫读一遍，再行阅读

（2）如有标题，应仔细看，它与全文中心有关

（3）遇有生词又猜不出意思，跳过去继续看

（4）每段的首句尾句常与本段中心有关

（5）概括全文中心意思要包括各段内容

（6）猜词要依据原文上下文来确定

（7）infer是指原文没有明说但可猜出之意

（8）推理判断要以作者态度为准

（9）有的题可根据常识理解

（10）找具体信息时用跳读的技术

（11）概括中心时用略读的技术

（12）答题时要看清题目要求，四个选项都要看

（13）各类文章有不同特点，议论文要注意论点论据，记叙文要注意七个w

（14）不改变以往做题习惯,先看题还是先看文章各有利弊

备考措施

（1）每日坚持读2-4篇文章，日日不断

（2）高三一年应读够1000篇左右

（3）半数文章要精读，即句句细看

（4）半数文章可泛读，即只读懂意思，不查单词，不做题

（5）适当练习长句分析，分清主谓宾定状

（6）练习限时阅读，提高阅读速度

（7）掌握构词法知识

（8）养成好习惯，扩大眼幅，减少回读，默读不出声音

第五篇：【北京市特级教师二轮精讲】2014届高考英语二轮复习专题精讲：第12讲 阅读理解2013新题赏析之新题型

第12讲 阅读理解2013新题赏析之新题型

阅读表达

阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答（请注意问题后词数要求）。

A nurse of 78 this weekend celebrates 60 years of walking the wards-and she has no plans to retire.Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953-when the National Health Service

(NHS)was just five years old-and is believed to be the oldest nurse in Britain.The diabetes(糖尿病)specialist had to retire at 65 but returned as a nurse within two weeks and still does up to four seven-and-a-half hour shifts(轮班）each week.Mrs.Reid said: “Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job.” Working for the NHS has been my life.I have no other hobbies because I have worked all my life.Jackie has worked at a number of different hospitals--including one in Scotland.Her specialist field has been diabetes for the past 40 years.She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease.She currently works at Southend

Over the last 60 years she has treated tens of thousands of patients.Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts.She said: “There‟re lots of things I would say to the government.If you are going to get good care you have to have the resources(资源), you can‟t do it without enough money.They shouldn‟t need the cuts that there are in the NHS.It‟s hard now because there‟s a shortage of staff.”

Jackie has lived alone in Grays, Essex, since her husband died three years ago.The couple have two daughters Michelle, 50, and Karen, 54.Jackie added: “My youngest daughter worried about me-she doesn‟t think I should work as much as I do.I constantly say „don‟t worry about me, I‟m fine‟, but she never believes me.I don‟t like the thought of giving it up and will try to keep going forever.”

56.In which year was the NHS set up?(within 2 words)

____________________________________

57.What does Jackie think of nursing?(within 6 words)

____________________________________

58.When did Jackie retrain in the field of diabetes?(within 6 words)

____________________________________

59.What does Jackie wish the government to do?(within 7 words)

____________________________________

60.Why does Jackie‟s daughter worry about her?(within 8 words)

____________________________________

七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Public Speaking Training

Get a coach

public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that‟s right for you.Focus on positives

Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well.Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren‟t doing well., so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn‟t do.If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it‟s going to give you lots of dos and don‟ts, walk away!Your brain is so full of what you‟re going to be talking about..As far as we‟re concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.You are a special person not a clone

Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you‟re not.A.You aren‟t like anybody else

B.You already do lots of things well

C.Turn your back on too many rules

D.Check the rules about dos and don‟ts

E.Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

F.The one thing you don‟t want is for them to fall asleep

G.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

第12讲 阅读理解2013新题赏析之新题型

阅读表达

56.In 1948.57.It‟s hard but she loves it.58.After her daughter developed diabetes.59.Not to make cuts in nursing.60.Because she thinks her mother works too hard.七选五

51.E52.B53.C54.G55.A