第一篇:孔子说 英文版(下)
礼之用,和为贵。有子说:“礼的应用,以遇事和顺为可贵。”
In conducting the rites, seeking harmony is the most valuable principle.里仁为美,择不处仁,焉得知? 孔子说:“选择住处要选在风俗淳美的地方,否则怎么能算明智呢?”
One should choose to dwell in such a place where there are men of benevolence.Otherwise, how can one be said to be wise?
名不正,则言不顺。孔子说:“名分不正,说话就不能顺理成章。”
If names are not rectified, what is said will not sound reasonable.其身正,不令而行;其身不正,虽令不从。孔子说:“执政者行为端正,不发命令老百姓也会跟着走;执政者行为不端正,纵三令五申老百姓也不会听从。”
If the ruler acts properly, the common people will obey him without being ordered to;if the ruler does not act properly, the common people will not obey him ever after repeated injunctions.巧言令色,鲜矣仁!孔子说:“一贯花言巧语,伪装和善的人,不会有什么仁慈。”
A man who speaks with honeyed words and pretends to be kind cannot be benevolent.巧言乱德。孔子说:“花言巧语足以败坏道德。” Sweet words will ruin one’s virtue.群居终日,言不及义,好行小慧,难矣哉!
Those who spend the whole day long merely chatting idly, saying unreasonable things and parading their cleverness will accomplish little.人而无信,不知其可也。孔子说:“一个人不讲信用,怎么可以立身处世。”
How can one be acceptable without being trustworthy in words?
人莫不饮食也,鲜能知味也。孔子说:“人人都喝水吃饭,却很少有人能品尝出其真正的滋味。”
Everyone drinks and eats, but few know the real taste of what has been drunk or eaten.人无远虑,必有近忧。孔子说:“一个人如果没有长远打算,忧患很快就会出现。” Worries will soon appear if one gives no thought to a long-term plan.人一能之,己百之。人十能之,己千之。孔子说:“别人用一份力气可以做到的,自己要用百分的力气去做。别人用十分力气可以做 到的,自己要用千分的力气去做。”
If others succeed by making one ounce of effort, I will make a hundred times as much effort;if others succeed by making ten times as much effort, I will make ten hundred times as much effort.仁者,人也,亲亲为大。孔子说:“仁就是爱人的意思,爱自己的父母是最大的仁。”
Being benevolent means to love people.The greatest benevolence is to love one’s own parents.三军可夺帅也,匹夫补课夺志也。孔子说:“军队可以丧失主帅,一个人不可丧失志气。”
An army may be deprived of its commanding officer, yet a man cannot be deprived of his will.三人行,必有我师焉。则其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。孔子说:“有几个人在一起走路,其中便一定有值得我学习的人。我选取那些优点而学习,看出那些缺点而检查改正。”
When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from.I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。仁以为己任,不亦重乎?死而后已,不亦远乎? 曾子说:“读书人要刚强而有毅力,因为他们肩负重任而前程远大。以实现仁德于天下,这担子还不重吗?为此目的,至死方休,这还不遥远吗?”
Zeng Zi said, “A scholar must be resolute and steadfast, for his burden is heavy and his road is long.To practice the virtue of benevolence in the world is his burden.Is that not heavy? Only with death does his journey come to an end.Is that not long?”
士见危致命,见得思义。子张说:“读书人遇到国家危难时肯献出生命,不轻取不义之财。”
Zi Zhang said, “It is satisfactory for a gentleman to lay down his life when his country is in danger, and to keep in mind what is right in the face of gain.”
逝者如斯夫!不舍昼夜。孔子站在河边感叹道:“过去的时光就像这河水一样,日夜不停的流去。”
Standing by the side of a river, Confucius sighed, “Time is going on like this river, flowing away endlessly day and night.”
岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也。孔子说:“到了严寒的季节,才知道松柏树是不落叶的。”
Only when the winter turns cold can we see that the leaves of pines and cypresses are the last to wither and fall.为政以德,譬如北辰居其所而群星共之。孔子说:“执政者如果用道德来治理国政,自己就会像北极星受群星环绕一样受到百姓们的拥护。”
He who rules his state on a moral basis would be supported by the people, just as the Polar Star is enriched by all the other stars.温故而知新,可以为师矣。孔子说:“温习学过的知识时,能从中获得新知识的人,就可以做老师了。”
I f one is able to acquire new knowledge by reviewing old knowledge, he is qualified to be a tutor.我非生而知之者,好古,敏以求之者也。孔子说:“我不是生来就有知识的人,而是由于爱好古代文化,靠了勤奋和敏捷求得知识的。” I was not born with knowledge, but, being fond of ancient culture, I was eager to seek it through diligence.吾日三省吾身:为人谋而不忠乎?与朋友教而不信乎?传而不习乎? 曾子说:“我每天都再三反省自己:为别人办事是否尽心竭力了呢?同朋友交往是否以诚相待了呢?老师教的功课是否用心复习了呢?”
Zeng Zi(a disciple of Confucius’)said, “Every day I examine myself once and again: Have I tried my utmost to help others? Have I been honest to my friends? Have I diligently reviewed the instructions from the Master?”
吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。孔子说:“我十五岁有志于做学问。三十岁立身处世站稳了脚跟;四十岁掌握了各种知识遇事不迷惑;五十岁知道了上天赋予了自己的使命;六十岁对别人的话能辨别是非曲直;七十岁即使随心所欲也不会有越规的行为。”
Confucius said, “Since the age of fifteen, I have devoted myself to learning;since thirty, I have been well established;since forty, I have understood many things and have no longer been confused;since fifty, I have known my heaven-sent duty;since sixty, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other people’s words;and since seventy, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.”
无欲速,无见小利。欲速则不达,见小利则大事不成。孔子说:“做事不要图快,不要贪图小利。一味图快反而达不到目的,贪图小利就办不成大事。”
Do not make haste;do not covet small gains.If you make haste, you cannot reach your goal;if you covet small gains, your efforts will not culminate in great achievements.小不忍,则乱大谋。孔子说:“小事上不能忍耐,就会坏了大事。”
Lack of patience in small matters will bring destruction to overall plans.性相近也,习相远也。孔子说:“人的本性都差不多,只是由于习俗不同,便相距越来越远了。”
Men are similar to one another by nature.They diverge gradually as a result of different customs.学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。孔子说:“只读书不思考,就不会分析。只空想不读书就不明事理。” It throws one into bewilderment to read without thinking whereas it places one in jeopardy to think without reading.学而不厌,诲人不倦。孔子说:“学习努力而不满足,教导别人不知疲倦。”
Study hard and never contented, and never be tired of teaching others.学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知,而不愠,不亦君子乎? 孔子说:“对学过的知识按时去实习它,不也是很好的事吗?有朋友自远方来,不是很快乐的事吗?不为别人不了解自己而抱怨,不是很有修养的君子风度吗?”
Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar? Is it not a gentleman after all who will not take offence when others fail to appreciate him?”
言顾行,行顾言。孔子说:“说话要照顾到行动,行动要照顾到说话。”
When a man speaks, he should think of his acts;when he acts, he should think of what he said.一张一弛,文武之道也。孔子说:“有紧有松,才是周文王、武王治理国家的办法。”
The principle of kings Wen andWu was to alternate tension with relaxation.益者三乐,损者三乐。乐节礼乐,乐道人之善,乐多贤友,益矣。乐骄乐,乐佚乐,损矣。孔子说:“有益的快乐有三种,有害的快乐也有三种。以得到礼乐的调节为快乐,以宣扬别人的长处为快乐,以多交贤良的朋友为快乐,这是有益的快乐。以尊贵骄傲为快乐,以尽情游荡为快乐,以吃吃喝喝为快乐,这是有害的快乐。”
There are three kinds of beneficial pleasure.Equally there are three kinds of harmful pleasure.The three beneficial kinds include: to prepare for the rites and music;to give publicity to others’ good qualities;to make friends with those who are virtuous.The three harmful kinds are as follows: to be arrogant about one’s position;to loiter to one’s heat’s content;and to indulge in food and drink.益者三友,损者三友。友直,友谅,友多闻,益矣。友便辟,友善柔,友便佞,损矣。孔子说:“交朋友有三种人可以交,有三种人不可以交。同正直的人、诚实的人、广见博闻的人交朋友,是有益的。同谄媚奉承的人、当面恭维背后毁谤的人、夸夸其谈的人并无真才实学的人交朋友,是有害的。”
There are three kinds of people one may make friends with.Equally, there are three kinds of people one should not make friends with.It is beneficial for one to make friends with those who are upright, honest, and erudite.It is harmful for one to make friends with those who today, those who flatter people but slander them behind their backs, those who brag but are not erudite at all.有德者必有言,有言者不必有德。孔子说:“道德高尚的人一定会有有益的名言传世,但有名言传世的人不一定都是道德高尚的人。”
A virtuous man must have said something of note;but someone who has said something of note is not necessarily a man of virtue.有教无类。孔子说:“我对凡来求学的人,都无区别地加以教育。” In educating people, I treat everyone the same.Note: This could also be translated as: “Everyone is entitled to be educated.”
愚而好自用,贱而好自专。孔子说:“愚笨的人却喜欢自作聪明,卑贱的人却喜欢自作主张。”
A foolish man likes to think himself clever and a man in low post likes to take liberties to make decisions on his own.朝闻道,夕死可矣。孔子说:“早晨学得真理,当天晚上死掉也不后悔。”
If one learns the truth in the morning, one would never regret dying the same evening.知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。孔子说:“懂就说懂,不懂就说不懂,才是聪明人。”
If you understand what you learn, say you do;if not, say you do not.Only then are you an intelligent man.知之者不如好知者,好知者不如乐知者。孔子说:“懂得学业的人不如喜爱学业的人,喜爱学业的人不如以从事学业为快乐的人。” To be fond of knowledge is better than merely to acquire it;to take delight in it is still better than merely to be fond of it.知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。孔子说:“聪明人不受欺骗,品德高尚的人没有忧虑,勇敢的人无所畏惧。”
A wise man is never cheated, a virtuous man is never worried and a courageous man is never afraid.知者不失人,亦不失言。孔子说:“聪明人不会失人,也不会失言。”
A wise man shall not let a man slip into uselessness, nor shall be waste his words.知者乐水,仁仁者乐山。知者动,仁者静。知者乐,仁者寿。孔子说:“聪明人喜欢水,有仁德的人喜爱山。聪明人好动,有仁德的人好静。聪明人生活快乐,有仁德的人能享高寿。”
The wise take delight in water, the benevolent in mountains.The wise are active while the benevolent are still.The wise enjoy life while the benevolent achieve longevity.志士仁人,无求生以害仁,有杀身以成仁。孔子说:“志士仁人,没有贪生怕死而损害仁德的,只有牺牲自己而成全仁德。”
A man of benevolence and lofty ideals should not, at the expense of benevolence, cling cravenly to life instead of braving death.He will, on the contrary, lay down his life for the accomplishment of benevolence.志于道,据于德,依于仁,游于艺。孔子说:“志向在道,根据在德,依靠在仁,游习于六艺之中。”
Stick to the way to your goal, base yourself on virtue, lean upon benevolence, and take your recreation in the six arts(i.e.music, the rites, archery, carriage driving, classic books and arithmetic.)
质胜文则野,文胜质则史。文质彬彬,然后君子。孔子说:“一个人朴实多于文采,就未免显得粗俗,如果文采多于朴实,就未免显得虚浮,文采和朴实配合适当,这才是君子风度。”
One would seem uncouth with more simplicity than refinement, and seem superficial with more refinement than simplicity.Only when these two qualities are well-balanced can one become a real gentleman.中人以上,可以语上也;中人以下,不可以语上也。孔子说:“对具有中等接受水平以上的人,可以传授高深知识;对中等水平以上的人,不可以传授高深知识。”
Advanced knowledge can be transmitted to those who are above the average, but never to those who are below the average.主忠信,无友不如己者。过则勿惮改。孔子说:“要重道德,慎交友,有过错,随时改正。”
A gentleman should pay great attention to loyalty and sincerity, and not make close friends with those morality is inferior to this.If he makes a mistake, he should not be afraid of correcting it.自古皆有死,民无信不立。孔子说:“自古以来,人都会死的。如果失去人民对政府的信任这一项,也就失去了立国之本了。”
Man has been destined to die since time immemorial.But if people close their trust in the government then the country has lost its basis.《孔子说》 蔡希勤
北京:华语教学出版社
2006
第二篇:孔子英文
孔子:Confucius
1、性相近也,习相远也。
By nature, men are nearly alike;by practice, they get to be wide apart.2、过而不改,是谓过矣。
Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.3、己所不欲,勿施于人。
What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.4、言必信,行必果。
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.5、君子以文会友,以友辅仁。
The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by their friendship helps his virtue.6、三军可夺师也,匹夫不可夺志也。
The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.后生可畏,焉知来者之不如今也?
A youth is to be regarded with respect.How do you know that his future will not be equal to our present?
7、有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?
Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?
8、人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?
Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?
9、父在,观其志。父没,观其行。三年无改于父之道,可谓孝矣。
While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will;when his father is dead, look at his conduct.If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.10、不患人之不己知,患不知人也。
I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me;I will be afflicted that I do not know men.11、诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。
In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence--“Having no depraved thoughts.”
12、关睢乐而不淫,哀而不伤。
The Kwan Tsu is expressive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive.13、父母在,不远游,游必有方。
While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance.If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.
第三篇:孔子说 英文版
不听老人言,吃亏在眼前。
If an old dog barks, he gives counsel.爱之,能勿劳乎?忠焉,能勿诲乎?
孔子说:“爱他,就不能让他贪图安逸。忠于他,就不能不对他进行教诲。”
Confucius said, “To love him means not to let him indulge in comfort;to be loyal to him means to teach him.”
饱食终日,无所用心,难矣哉!
孔子说:“整天吃饱饭没事干的人,不会有什么出息。”
He who always has full stomach but does nothing meaningful is simply a good-for-nothing.博学于文,约之以礼,亦可以弗畔矣夫!
孔子说:“君子广泛地学习文化典藏,并用礼来约束自己,就可避免离经叛道了。”
A gentleman will not go astray so long as he studies extensively and regulates himself with the rites.不愤不启,不悱不发。
孔子说:“我教学生的方法是:不到他们苦思冥想也不能明白的时候,不去开导他们;不到他们心里想说又总说不明白的时候,不去启发他们。”
I will not enlighten my students until they have really tried hard but failed to understand.I will not instruct them until they have something to say but fail to make themselves understood.不患人之不己知,患其不能也。
孔子说:“不怕别人不了解自己,就怕自己没有真才实学。”的、Do not worry that your abilities are not appreciated.Just make sure that you possess them.不患无位,患所以立。
孔子说:“不愁没有职位,只愁没有任职的本领。”
Don’t worry about having no official position, but do worry about your ability to fulfill a post.不义而富且贵,于我如浮云.孔子说:”用不正当的手段得来的富贵,对我来说就像浮云一样.” Ill-gotten wealth and rank are just like fleeting clouds to me.不在其位,不谋其政。
Do not get involved in the government affairs that are not your responsibility.大德不逾闲,小德出入可也。
子夏说:“人在大节上不能超越界限,在小节上有些出入是应当允许的。”
Zi Xia said, “As long as one does not step out of bounds in big matters, it is permissible for one not to be meticulous.”
当仁,不让于师。
孔子说:“面临仁德时,不必让老师先行。”
In the face of benevolence, do not give precedence even to your teacher.道不同,不相为谋。
孔子说:“政治主张不同,不互相探讨谋划。”
People who follow different political paths do not take counsel with one another.道之以政,齐之以刑,民免而无耻;道之以德,齐之以礼,有耻且格。
孔子说:“靠行政命令和刑罚来制约人民,老百姓只知避免犯罪遭刑罚而不会有廉耻之心;如果用道德和礼教来引导人民,老百姓不仅知道犯罪是耻辱的事情,而且能自己改正错误。” Regulated by the edicts and punishments, people will know only how to stay out of trouble but will not have a sense of shame.Guided by virtues and the rites, they will not only have a sense of shame but also know how to correct their mistakes of their own accord.德不孤,必有邻。孔子说:“有道德的人是不会孤立的,一定会有志同道合者相从。”
A man of virtue can never be isolated.He is sure to have like-minded companions.弟子,入则孝,出则悌,谨而信,泛爱众而亲仁。孔子说:“少年在家里孝顺父母,敬爱兄长,做事谨慎认真,说话诚实,博爱大众而亲近有仁德的人。”
At home, a young man should be dutiful towards his parents;going outside, he should be respectful towards his elders;he should be cautious in deeds and trustworthy in words;he should love everyone yet make close friends only with those of benevolence.发愤忘食,乐以忘忧,不知老之将至云尔。
(叶公向子路问孔子的为人,子路不知如何回答)孔子对子路说:“你为什么不这样说:他的为人,发奋用功便忘记吃饭,快乐便忘记忧愁,不晓得衰老会要到来,如此而已。” The Duke of Ye asked Zi Lu about Confucius, Zi Lu failed to give a reply.Confucius said to him afterwards, “Why did you not say something like this: He is the sort of person who can be so diligent that he forgets his meals, so happy that he forgets his worries and is even unaware of approaching old age.”
父母在,不远游,游必有方。孔子说:“父母在堂,不出远门,如必须外出,一定要让父母知道去处。”
When one’s parents are live, one should not go far away.If one has to, one should tell them where one is going.父母之年,不可不知也。一则以喜,一则以惧。孔子说:“父母的年龄(生日)不能不时时记到心里。一方面为他们长寿而高兴,另一方面为他们又老一岁而忧虑。”
One must always keep in mind one’s parents’ birthdays.One the hand, one is glad to offer birthday congratulations;on the other, one is worried to see they grow one year older.富而可求也,虽执鞭之士,吾亦为之。孔子说:“财富如果来路正当,就是替人执鞭的下等差役我也可以干。” I would pursue wealth so long as it could be obtained legitimately, even by being a common cart driver.富与贵,是人之所欲也;不以其道得之,不处也。贫与贱,是人之所恶也;不以其道得之,不去也。孔子说:“金钱和地位,这是人人都想得到的,但君子不会用不正当的方法得到它。贫穷和下贱,这是人人都厌恶的,但君子不会用不正当的方法摆脱它。”
Everyone desires money and high position, but a gentleman would not accept them unless he got them in a right way.Everyone hates poverty and low status, but a gentleman would not get rid of them in an unjust way.工欲善其事,必先利其器。孔子说:“工匠要想做好他的工作,一定要先准备好他的工具。”
A craftsman must prepare his tools beforehand in order to do his work well.躬自厚而薄责于人,则远怨矣。孔子说:“多自责而少责备于人,自然就可以避免怨恨了。”
Being strict with oneself and lenient to others is sure to save one from ill will.古者言之不出,耻躬之不逮也。孔子说:“古人不轻易说大话,因为怕自己说得出而做不到。”
In ancient times, people didn’t say things lightly, as they would be ashamed not to be able to match up to their words.过而不改,是谓过亦。孔子说:“有过错不改正,才是真错。”
Not to correct the mistake one has made is to err indeed.过犹不及。孔子说:“过头和达不到是一样的。”
Going to far and not going far enough are equally bad.好学近乎知,力行近乎仁,知耻近乎勇。孔子说:“好学足以破愚所以接近于智慧,身体力行足以忘私所以接近于仁爱,知耻足以起懦所以接近于勇敢。”
To be eager to learn indicates wisdom because it may eliminate stupidity.To practice what one knows indicates benevolence because it makes one selfless.To have a sense of shame indicates courage because it clears one of cowardice.后生可畏,焉知来者之不如今也? 孔子说:“年轻人是大有作为的,谁能断定他们将来不如我们这一代呢?”
Young people have great potential for achievements.Who can say that they will not be our equals in the future?
已所不欲,勿施于人。孔子说:“自己不想做的事情,就不要加给别人。” Do not impose upon others what you do not desire yourself.见善如不及,见不善如探汤。孔子说:“追求善良,要争先恐后;避开邪恶,要像开水烫手一样急迫。”
Striving to be the first and fearing to lag behind when seeking goodness;retreating as quickly as if hurt by boiling water when avoiding vices.见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内省也。孔子说:“遇见才德好的人,就应该向他看齐,遇到无德才的人,就应反省自己有没有和他同样的毛病。”
When you meet a man of virtue, learn from him.When you meet a man without virtue, examine yourself to see if you have the same defects as he has.敬鬼神而远之,可谓知矣。孔子说:“对鬼神采取敬而远之的态度,可以算是聪明了。”
If one respects the spirits of the dead and the gods while keeping them at a distance, then he can be called wise.君子不器。孔子说:“君子应有广博的知识。”
A gentleman should not be like a utensil.(He should have broad knowledge and not be confined to one use.)
君子不以言举人,不以人废言。孔子说:“执政者不因人说好听的话就提拔他们,也不因他是坏人就鄙弃他说过的正确的话。” A gentleman does not promote a man whose words are pleasant to his ear, neither does he distain his correct words for he is an unpleasant man.君子耻其言而过其行。孔子说:“君子以说得多,做得少为耻辱。”
A gentleman takes it as a disgrace to let his words outstrip his deeds。
君子成人之美,不成人之恶。孔子说:“君子成全别人的好事,不去促成别人的坏事。”
A gentleman helps others fulfill good deeds and never helps them in bad deeds.君子固穷,小人穷斯滥矣。孔子说:“君子虽遇穷困,但能坚持,小人一遇穷困就胡作非为了。”
When gentleman become impoverished, they can still persevere in virtue;when petty men are impoverished, they will act in defiance of virtue.君子和而不同,小人同而不和。孔子说:“君子将有原则的团结而不盲从附和,小人只是盲从附和而不讲原则。” A gentleman unites with people of principle and never follows others blindly.A petty man follows others blindly without regard to principle.君子谋道而不谋食。君子说:“君子用心力于学术思想体系的研究,不用心力于谋求衣食。”
A gentleman devotes himself to studying the academic system of ideology instead of seeking food and clothing.君子求诸己,小人求诸人。孔子说:“君子严格要求自己,小人苛刻要求别人。”
A gentleman sets strict demands on himself while petty man sets strict demands on others.君子去仁,恶乎成名?君子无终食之间违仁,造次必于是,颠沛必于是。孔子说:“君子离开了认得还怎么称得上君子呢?君子在任何时候都不会忘记实行仁德。” How can one be called a gentleman if one betrays benevolence? Under no circumstances should a gentleman forget to practice benevolence.君子食无求饱,居无求安,敏于事而慎于言,就有道而正焉,可谓好学也已。孔子说:“君子吃饭不求饱足,居住不求舒适,办事敏捷,说话谨慎,向得道之人学习以改正自己的缺点,这样就可以说是好学了。”
A gentleman seeks neither a full belly nor a comfortable home.Instead, he is quick in action yet cautious in speech.He learns from virtuous and accomplished men in order to correct his mistakes.Such can be called a man with eagerness to study.君子坦荡荡,小人长戚戚。孔子说:“君子心胸坦荡,小人忧心忡忡。”
A gentleman is always broad-minded while a petty man is always full of anxiety.君子泰而不骄,小人骄而不泰。孔子说:“君子心情平和而不傲慢,小人傲慢而心情不平和。”
A gentleman always keeps even-tempered without being arrogant while a petty man is arrogant without being even-tempered.君子以文会友,以友辅仁。曾子说:“君子用文章学问聚会朋友,藉朋友帮助培养仁德。”
Zeng Zi said, “A gentleman makes friends through his learning and cultivates virtue and benevolence through those friends.”
君子忧道而不忧贫。孔子说:“君子忧虑的事天下有道无道,而不是物质生活的贫穷。”
What a gentleman worries about is not poverty but if there are right principles throughout the country.君子有九思:初思明,听思聪,色斯温,貌思恭,言思忠,事思敬,疑思问,忿思难,见得思义。孔子说:“君子要考虑九件事:看的时候,要考虑是否看明白了。听的时候,要考虑是否挺清楚了。脸上的颜色,要考虑是否温和。容貌态度,要考虑是否端庄。与人交谈,要考虑是否诚恳。对待工作,要考虑是否认真负责。遇到疑难,要考虑如何向人请教。将要发怒时,要考虑会有什么后患。要得到什么,先要考虑是否应该得到。”
A gentleman concentrates on the following nine things: seeing clearly when he uses his eyes;hearing acutely when he uses his ears;looking mild when it comes to facial expression;appearing sedate when it comes to demeanor;being sincere when he speaks;being conscientious when it comes to his office responsibility;seeking advice when he is in the face of difficulty;foreseeing the consequences when he gets angry;asking himself whether it is right when he wants to gain something.君子有三戒:少之时,血气未定,戒之在色;及其壮也,血气方刚,戒之在斗;及其老也,血气既衰,戒之在得。孔子说:“君子有三件事要警惕:年少时,血气还没有稳定,要警惕贪恋女色;到了壮年,血气正旺盛,要警惕争强好斗;到了老年,血气已经衰竭,要警惕贪得无厌。”
A gentleman should maintain vigilance against three things: In youth when the vital spirits are not yet settled, he should be on guard against lusting for feminine beauty;in the prime of life when the vital spirits are exuberant, he should be on guard against being bellicose;in old age when the vital spirits are on the decline, he should be on guard against insatiable avarice.君子欲讷于言而敏于行。孔子说:“君子应该说话谨慎,做事勤劳敏捷。”
A gentleman should be careful in speech and quick to act.君子之过也,如日月之食焉。过也,人皆见之;更也,人皆仰之。子贡说:“执政者的过错,好比日蚀月蚀一样挂在天上,对他的过错,人人都能看见;改正之后,大家更敬仰他。”
Zi Gong said, “The gentleman’s errors are like an eclipse of the sun and the moon;the whole world will see it when he errs, and he will be respected by all when he mends his ways.”
君子贞而不谅。孔子说:“君子重信义而不拘小节。”
A gentleman pays attention to faithfulness rather than small matters.苛政猛于虎。孔子说:“苛税暴政之伤民甚于虎也。” Tyranny is more cruel than a tiger.克己复礼为仁。一日克己复礼,天下归仁焉。(颜渊问老师什么是仁)孔子说:“克制自己的言行合于礼就是仁。一旦能做到这样,人们就会承认你是仁人了。”
(Yan Yuan asked what benevolence was.)Confucius said, “One who restrains himself in order to observe the rites is benevolence.Once you can do this, you will be unanimously considered a man of benevolence.”
老者安之,朋友信之,少者怀之。孔子说:“我愿老年人得到安逸,朋友们相互信任,少年人得到关怀。”
I wish for the old to live in peace and comfort, friends to trust each other and the young to be taken good care of.摘自《孔子说》 蔡希勤
北京:华语教学出版社
2006
第四篇:孔子说廉
孔子说廉之一:政者,正也
孔子说:“政者,正也,子帅以正,孰敢不正?”(《论语〃颜渊》)意谓做官,就是首先端正自己,你自己端正了,谁还敢不端正?
这是鲁国执政季康子问政于孔子,孔子回答的话。鲁哀公十一年(前484年),孔子结束了周游列国的生活,回到鲁国。鲁国大权在握的季康子遵照其父季桓子“相鲁,必召孔子”(《史记〃孔子世家》)的遗嘱,花钱把孔子请回国内,不时找他问政,这是其中一次。
回到鲁国后,年轻的哀公也问孔子:“请问怎样才能把政事治理好?”孔子也从正己的角度作了回答:“政者,正也。君为正,则百姓从正矣。君之所为,百姓之所从也。君所不为,百姓何从?”(《礼记〃哀公问》)他认为国家的管理者行得端、做得正,人民就有了方向,也跟着正道直行。如果管理者心术不正、行事不正,百姓怎么能遵守秩序和法律,怎么能正道直行?
身正不怕影子斜。身正,心里没鬼,说话办事方显浩然之气,自然有人愿意服从。不正,心里总是有鬼,说话办事老让人觉得贼头贼脑,岂能让人心服口服?
孟子说:“枉己者,未有能直人者也。”(《孟子〃滕文公下》)人格扭曲、行为乖张的人不可能引导别人做到行为正派。他提出“正己而物正”(《孟子〃尽心上》)的要求,意谓自己正了,所行的事也就正了。火车跑得快,全靠车头带。
儒家强调正己修身的立论基础,是以个人为开端。在个人、家庭、国家一连串的关系中,个人“正心、修身”是起始,从这个点划出一条射线,向外延伸,接着是“齐家”,接着是“治国”,最后是“平天下”;“正心、修身”也是中心,中心确定了,从己身这个主体到家国天下,画出的是一个个同心圆,圆半径的大小则取决于天命。也就是孟子说的“得志,与民由之;不得志,独行其道”。
2003年,时任德国总统约翰内斯〃劳访问南京,在其精彩的演讲中,他引用孔子“政者正也”、“居之无倦,行之以忠”等精辟名言,使得听讲者惊诧不已。他说,这两句话“德国人或许可以将其理解为是对执政者依法治国的一种告诫”。他还说:“我们赞叹中国,赞叹其古老的文化和五千年悠久的历史。中国的先哲孔子在德国也广为人知。时至今日,他的至理名言依然能给人以启迪。”
孔子说廉之二:苟子之不欲,虽赏之不窃
孔子说:“苟子之不欲,虽赏之不窃!”(《论语〃颜渊》)意谓假如你们当官的没有贪财的欲望,就是奖赏偷盗,老百姓也不会去偷盗!
孔子周游列国回到鲁国后,鲁国执政季康子苦于盗贼太多,请教孔子该如何治理,孔子讲了这两句话。
孔子的回答,并非就事论事,而是独具慧眼,透过现象看本质,引出为官者清正廉洁方面的问题——认为把贪污腐败问题治理好了,盗贼问题也就随之平息了。他说:“天下有道,盗其先变乎!”(《荀子〃正论》)意谓天下政治清明,盗贼就会率先改变自己!
孔子周游列国14年能回来,是弟子冉有给季康子提出的建议,然后鲁国“以币迎孔子”(《史记〃孔子世家》),使得孔子回到了母国。此时的孔子,虽身无一职,但终因桃李满天下,加之不少弟子又在康子手下任职,所以,鲁国当权者都把他当“国老”(《左传〃哀公十一年》),对他倍加敬重。因此当康子请教如何治理遍布鲁国的偷盗问题时,孔子不留情面,抓住了关键,击中了要害。
子贡做了官,孔子告诫他:“临官莫如平,临财莫如廉,廉平之守,不可攻也。”(《说苑〃政理》)一个为官公平,再加上一个廉洁,把这两条做到了,在这个世界上,没人能打倒你。
世间凡是倒台的,都是自己打倒自己的。按正道行事,不贪不占,光明磊落,又有谁能打倒你?大凡因贪污受贿而沦为阶下囚的,他们缺少的不是经世致用的本事,而是无欲则刚的信念。
当年齐国闹旱灾,春天没有食物可吃,饿死了不少人。齐景公找到孔子求对策,孔子说:“遭遇饥荒之年,国君应乘劣马驾驭的马车,祭祀只用下等的牲畜。”(《礼记〃杂记下》)提出用这种办法,缩减政府开支,控制铺张浪费,从而救民于水火。
大旱之年,百姓连饭都吃不上,救民如救火,作为一国之君,倘若还在花天酒地而不拯救百姓,君位还能保住吗?
孔子九世孙孔鲋做了60年的官,他在讲到为官之道时说:“一人善射,百夫决拾。”(《孔丛子〃答问》),意谓一个人善于射箭,就有一百个人争着效仿他——这讲的是为上者的表率作用。
孔子说:“上者,民之表也,表正则何物不正?”(《大戴礼记〃主言》)意谓居于上位的君臣,是民众的表率,表率正了还有什么不正呢?
孔子说廉之三:欲而不贪
孔子说:“君子惠而不费,劳而不怨,欲而不贪,泰而不骄,威而不猛。”(《论语〃尧曰》)
意谓君子为政惠民,不劳民伤财;让民众做事,但并不被怨恨;有欲望,但不贪婪;泰然,但不傲慢;威严,但不凶猛。
这是回答子张问政时讲的话。
作为君子治政的五种美德,“惠而不费”,强调的是为政利民、无费于财的思想;“劳而不怨”,讲的是合理劳民的意思;“泰而不骄”,讲的是待民的一种谦恭态度;“威而不猛”,讲的是虽有威严形象,但能和民的意思。
我们重点看看“欲而不贪”。
孔子对这句话作了如下解释:“欲仁而得仁,又焉贪?”意谓为政者自己如果追求仁德便会得到仁德,又有什么可贪的呢!
孔子的仁学思想,包括两个层面:对人,讲的是爱人利物;对己,讲的是去私慎独。以仁(人)为本,便有了爱他利他的境界,他怎么可能为满足自己的欲望而把国家或他人的财物贪为己有呢!
欲望,人皆有之,包括孔子,关键是要做到“欲而不贪”。一个卫国人钓到一条鳏鱼,大得装满车子,孔子的孙子子思问:“鳏鱼是很难钓到的,你用什么方法钓到的?”那人说:“我开始下钩的时候,用的是一条小鱼做鱼饵,鳏鱼经过的时候,连看也不看。回来我换了半只小乳猪做鱼饵,鳏鱼就上钩了。”
子思感慨道:“鳏鱼虽然不容易捕获,但因贪图鱼饵而死;士人虽然胸怀治道,却因贪恋禄位而死啊!”(《孔丛子〃抗志》)
子思到了齐国,齐王对子思说:“现在诸侯混战,天下纷乱,没有霸主,齐国强大人口众多,我想谋求霸业,您看怎么样?”子思说:“不可以啊,因为您不能去除您的贪利之心。”齐君说:“贪利有什么坏处?”子思说:“水性清纯而泥沙让它浑浊,人性安适而嗜欲使它紊乱。所以能拥有天下的人,一定不是图谋占有天下的人;能得到良好名誉的人,一定不是求取名誉的人。如果明白这个道理,就能抛弃贪利之心。”这就是说,去掉贪心,也才有可能拥有天下。
在儒家看来,为政成功与否全在得民心。得民心者得天下,不得民心,自身尚且难保,遑论天下。孔子拈出为政五德,“欲而不贪”最为切直,为政者能够“惠而不费”、“劳而不怨”、“泰而不骄”、“威而不猛”,功夫尽在“欲而不贪”。政治是公益事业,唯有不贪者能服众,唯有不贪者能得民心,唯有不贪者能致太平!
孔子说廉之四:无禁则淫,无度则失,纵欲则败
孔子说:“中人之情,有余则侈,不足则俭,无禁则淫,无度则失,纵欲则败。”(《说苑〃杂言》)
意谓就一般人的性情而言,手里的钱多了,就会奢侈挥霍,不足就节俭。没有禁令就放纵,没有节度就逸乐,放纵欲望就败亡。
接着孔子说:“饮食有量,衣服有节,宫室有度,畜聚有数,车器有限,以防乱之源也。故夫度量不可不明也,善欲不可不听也。”意谓饮食要有定量,衣服要有节制,住宅要有限度,聚敛要有常数,车辆器物要有限额,以此来杜绝祸乱的根源。所以法度不能不明确,教育的话不能不听从。
孔子说的“度量”和“善欲”两条,体现的是以法治国和以德治国并重的原则。
这就是说,一方面须设立一定的法律条令给予指导、调节和节制,使人举足有措而适归于治;一方面要通过教育,让人有是非标准和是非之心,知道哪些该做,哪些不该做。
孔子认为,“凡夫之为奸邪、盗窃、靡法、妄行者,生于不足,不足生于无度。无度,则小者偷盗,大者侈靡,各不知节。”(《孔子家语〃五刑解》)意谓凡是邪恶、偷窃、犯法、恣意妄行的人,是由于不满足,不满足是因为没有限度。没有限度,往小的说是偷盗懒惰,往大的说是奢侈浪费,都是没有节制造成的。
人由好变坏,是一个渐进过程,不是一开始就变坏的,是由细微的变化慢慢积累起来的。“千里之堤,溃于蚁穴”,只有注意平时的防微杜渐,才能防止由量到质的变化。
俗话说:“苍蝇不叮没缝的鸡蛋。”如果鸡蛋没“缝”,苍蝇即便是有通天的本事,也无奈何于鸡蛋的。所以,关键还在自己。
有些人变坏,除了个人的原因,也有制度方面的问题。制度不健全,或者虽有制度但监督不到位,这都有可能让意志不坚定的人走向堕落。因此,制度的完善与落实,也是不可忽视的一个大问题。
中国文化,自古以来都甚为看重为政清廉的品德。宋代清官包拯说:“廉者,民之表也;贪者,民之贼也。”(包拯《乞不用赃吏》)
做官贪得无厌,必定会给他带来祸害的,这种祸害,有时是致命的。
近些年来,媒体披露的一些倒台的高级干部,有的甚至走上不归之路,也是渐渐变坏的。这些人不乏宏图大志,但中途或晚年倒台,都是因“无禁、无度、纵欲”由量变引发质变造成的。“吃着碗里,看着锅里”,贪心过重,失去控制,完蛋是迟早的事。
孔子说廉之五:临官莫如平,临财莫如廉
孔子说:“临官莫如平,临财莫如廉,廉平之守,不可攻也。”(《说苑〃政理》)意谓当官为政没有比公平更好的美德,面对财货没有比廉洁更好的节操。一个人如果拥有廉洁公平的操守,就可以经受各种考验,立于不败之地。
子贡将出任信阳的长官,向孔子辞行,孔子给他讲了一番为官的道理,其中说到这四句话,希望他能做一个公正廉洁的官员。后来,子贡也的确在自己的从政生涯中,忠实地践行了老师的教诲,做出了不一般的业绩。
我们先看看孔子讲的“平”。
为政公平,处事公正,这是孔子提倡的为官之道。孔子周游列国,在卫国待的时间最久,不少学生和朋友都是卫国的大官。有人担心卫灵公重用孔子,所以跑到卫灵公那里中伤孔子,说他想叛乱。卫灵公派人捉拿孔子,于是孔子和他的学生四散逃走。
孔子的学生子皋慌乱中跑到城门下,城门已闭,出不去,有个守门人认识他,把他拉到城门旁的暗室中藏了起来,所以抓捕的人没有捉住他。
这个守门人受过刖刑,被砍掉双足,罚来看门,而执行刑罚的正是子皋。子皋问守门人:“当初因我坚守法令而砍掉了你的脚,今天正是你报仇的时候,你为什么要保护我?”守门人说:“我受断足之刑,那是我罪有应得,也是没办法的事。然而当您审理此案的时候,仔细揣摩法令,想使我免去酷刑,这我是知道的。等到刑罚判定,您面有愁容,我也知道您的好心。这并不是您私心偏袒我才会这样,而是您的天性和仁爱之心使然。这就是我之所以报答您的原因。”
子皋逃脱后,找到了孔子,向老师汇报了自己这番遭遇,孔子深有感触,他说:“善为吏者树德,不能为吏者树怨。概者,平量者也;吏者,平法者也。治国者,不可失平也。”(《韩非子〃外储说左下》)意谓善于做官的人树立恩德,不善于做官的人树立仇怨。“概”是推平量器的(工具),官吏如概,是平正执法的。治理国家的人,不可失去平正。
孔子年轻时给季氏当仓库会计,办事即以公平著称,故而司马迁在《史记》中夸奖他:“料量平”(即出纳钱粮计量公平准确)。
再看看孔子讲的“廉”。
孔子说过“委利生孽”的话(《大戴礼记〃四代》),意思是积利不当会产生祸害。通过不正当的手段获取财富,如同踏在薄冰上,迟早要掉到冰窟窿里,万不可心存侥幸。
宋代陈师道说:“百年富贵今谁见,一代功名托至公。”意谓历史上那些家财万贯、地位显贵的人,今天谁还能记住他们?功勋或美名,只会记在那些一心为公的人身上。这两句话可谓深得孔子所谓廉平之旨。
孔子说廉之六:见小利则大事不成
大凡见小利而动心的人,没有几个能成大事的。只有抛弃小利的干扰,才可能有实现目标的大思路、大智慧和大手笔。
孔子说:“无欲速,无见小利。欲速则不达,见小利则大事不成。”(《论语〃子路》)
意谓不要图快,不要贪占小利益。图快反而达不到目的,贪占小利则办不成大事。
子夏做了莒父(今山东高密县东南)的长官,临行前,向孔子请教如何把官当好,孔子告诉他这段话。
孔子对弟子们的优点与缺点了如指掌,回答弟子提问时总是因人而异,针对性很强。同样都是问如何把官做好,子张有点眼高手低,孔子告诫他“居之无倦”(《论语〃颜渊》),而子夏的毛病是“常在近小”(《四书集注》),孔子便以开头这段话告之。
重点看看题目这句话。
孔子曾告诫为官者:“好见小利,妨于政。”(《大戴礼记〃四代》)他认为:“隐小物以害大物者,灾必及身矣。”(《韩诗外传》卷六)意谓关心小事以致损害大事,灾祸就必定降临到他身上来。
做人成事要学会权衡利弊,不可因小失大,包括对财富的追求。
司马迁在《史记〃货殖列传》里说:“天下熙熙,皆为利来;天下攘攘,皆为利往。”正是因为利益有如此大的诱惑,孔子才告诫我们不可因利而误入歧途。
自古以来,“获利显而伏隐患,得利近而播远忧”。一个人琢磨着怎样才能更好地占便宜的时候,也一定是他要开始吃大亏的时候。
中央电视台播放过这样一个节目:台湾商人马爱珍一生历经磨难。26岁时,当飞行员的丈夫葬身蓝天,当时她已有4个月的身孕,还带着两个女儿。面对困境,她曾两次自杀。后来听了母亲的话,放弃了轻生的念头,开始经商。经过几个月的奔波,她赚到的第一笔钱,是她为原来打工的公司争取到的一个订单,老板要给她50%的利润,她只要了20%,10万台币。她在为买方进货时,明确告诉对方出厂价格,然后由买方看情况给提取1%到3%的佣金。后来有了钱,她注册了自己的公司。现在她的公司在世界7个国家设有分公司。
面对业务伙伴,要掌握利人为先的技巧,信守共同赚钱的互利法则,宁亏自己,不亏他人。这样,才有未来。
古往今来,凡成大事者——无论是从政,还是经商——没有一个是见小利而动心的。何以?凡见小利而心动者,没有大眼光,必定因小失大,得不偿失。这样的人,是成不了大气候的。
孔子说廉之七:无度则失
人生能否成功,取决于我们能否把自己的欲望保持在一个合理的范围内。不节制的欲望一旦突破界限,就可能覆水难收,铸成大错。
孔子说:“中人之情,有余则侈,不足则俭,无禁则淫,无度则失,纵欲则败。”(《说苑〃杂言》)意谓就一般人的性情而言,手里的钱多了,就会奢侈挥霍,不足就节俭。没有禁令就放纵,没有节度就逸乐,放纵欲望就败亡。
接着孔子说:“饮食有量,衣服有节,宫室有度,畜聚有数,车器有限,以防乱之源也。故夫度量不可不明也,善欲不可不听也。”
意谓饮食要有定量,衣服要有节制,住宅要有限度,聚敛要有常数,车辆器物要有限额,以此来杜绝祸乱的根源。所以法度不能不明确,教育的话不能不听从。
孔子说的“度量”和“善欲”两条,体现的是以法治国和以德治国并重的原则。
这就是说,一方面须设立一定的法律条令给予指导、调节和节制,使人举足有措而适归于治;一方面要通过教育,让人有是非标准和是非之心,知道哪些该做,哪些不该做。
孔子认为,“凡夫之为奸邪、盗窃、靡法、妄行者,生于不足,不足生于无度。无度,则小者偷盗,大者侈靡,各不知节。”(《孔子家语〃五刑解》)意谓凡是邪恶、偷窃、犯法、恣意妄行的人,是由于不满足,不满足是因为没有限度。没有限度,往小的说是偷盗懒惰,往大的说是奢侈浪费,都是没有节制造成的。
人由好变坏,是一个渐进过程,是由细微的变化慢慢积累起来的。“千里之堤,溃于蚁穴”,只有注意平时的防微杜渐,才能防止由量到质的变化。
俗话说:“苍蝇不叮没缝的鸡蛋。”如果鸡蛋没“缝”,苍蝇即便是有通天的本事,也无奈何于鸡蛋的。所以,关键还在自己。
近些年来,报纸上披露的一些落马的高级干部,有的甚至走上不归之路,大都是渐渐变坏的。这些人曾经不乏宏图大志,但中途或晚年倒台,都是因“无禁、无度、纵欲”而背离了信仰和人民,最终滑向堕落的深渊。“吃着碗里,看着锅里”,贪心过重,失去控制,完蛋是迟早的事。
——上述文章均摘自《中国纪检监察报》
第五篇:《孔子》观后感(英文)
Today,I watched a movie called confucius ,which is about Confucius ,who is a great thinker, educator and sage to the Chinese people.As we all know, Confucius has a great influence on China even Asia.But not everyone knows his experience of travelling around China and conveying his ideas, which we can learn from the movie.What impressed me most is the friendship between Confucius and Nanzi.They were both great politician in their period.Also they were intimates.Sadly ,because of their identity, they had few chances to communicate with others.I'd like to have a intimate, who has the same perspective with me so that we can learn and work together.