第一篇：英语泛读教程3第三版(刘乃银)答案
英语泛读教程3第三版（刘乃银版）答案
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第二篇：英语泛读教程3第三册课文翻译UNIT11
UNIT11 非言语交际
话语的影响力受说话的方式影响。在讲话的时候，非言语交际是一个至关重要的因素，你可
以在适当的场合使用适当的面部和身体运动。
设想你在参加一个晚会。晚会期间你对周围的人有了种种印象。艾伦看上去悠然自得，性情平和。玛格丽特却是神经紧张，性格暴躁。卡伦落落大方，直言快语；而埃米却是心存芥蒂，言
辞含糊。埃里克见到你很高兴，而马克则明显不是。
你是怎样得出这些结论的?令人吃惊的是，你得出这些结论并不是基于人们说了些什么话，而是由于他们以非言语方式，――即通过他们的姿势、手势，和面部表情所表达出来的东西。假设你坐在马克旁边，他说，“这个晚会太棒了。非常高兴今晚能和你在一起。”然而，他的身体却微微 挪到一边，并不断地看屋子对面的某个人。不管他嘴上如何说，你知道那晚他并不高兴和你在一起。
在进行演讲时，类似的事情也往往发生。下面一则故事讲的就是一个学生最初两次在教室里所作的演讲，以及每次演讲时他的非言语行为所产生的效果：
丹·奥康纳的第一次演讲并不很成功。尽管他事先选择了一个很有趣的话题，做过仔细的研究，并非常认真 地练习过，他却没有考虑到非言语交际的重要性。轮到他讲时，他的脸掠过惊恐的神色。他像个死囚犯似的从椅子上站起来，步履沉缓地走上讲台，那样子像是走向断头台。他说的相当不错，可演讲的同时他的那双手却自行其事。他的手一会儿摆弄他的演讲稿，一会儿抚弄衬衫上的扣子，一会儿又在讲台上敲打。整个演讲过程丹低着头，并不断地看表。不管他嘴里在讲什么，他的身体在表明，“我可不想在这儿！”
最后终于讲完了。丹跑向他的座位，一下子瘫在位置上，如释重负的样子。不用说，他的演讲不怎么成功。
幸运的是，人们指出他在非言语交际方面的问题时，丹认真地去改正。他的下一次演讲就完全两样。这次他从座位上站起来，迈着大步很自信地跨上讲台。他控制着双手，集中注意力与听众进行目光接触。这确实是个进步，因为丹和上次一样紧张。不过，他发现自己越是显得自信，就越变得自信。演讲结束后他的同学都非常热情。“讲得真棒，”他们说。“你看上去真正关心你所讲的话题，而且你把这种关心传给了听众。”
事实上，丹第二次演讲的措词并不比第一次特别好。他的非言语信号改变了一切。从他离开座位到又回来，他的行为表明，“我有自信，能稳住阵角。我有些值得一听的话要讲，我想要你们也这样认为。”
姿势、面部表情、手势、目光接触――这些都影响着听众对演讲者的反应。我们如何运用这些和其它一些身体动作来进行交流，是一个叫做身势学的令人感兴趣的研究领域所要研究的课题。它的创始人之一雷·伯德惠斯特尔估计，身体运动可以传达出超过七十万个可能的身体信号。临床研究证明，在一些情况下，这些信号占了很大一部分说话者要表达的意思。现代研究也证实了希腊历史学家希罗多德在两千四百多年前所讲的：“人们信任自己的眼睛甚于自己的耳朵。”当一个说话者的体势语言与他或她的话不一致时，听者倾向于相信体势语言，而不是说出来的话。下面是会影响你说话效果的非言语交际的几个主要方面。
个人外表
如果你是切尔，你可以穿着一身头饰比衣服还要多的奇装怪服，上台做奥斯卡金像奖授奖致辞。如果你是艾伯特·爱因斯坦，你可以穿着一条皱巴巴的裤子、一件运动衫，和一双网球鞋在一个国际科学会议上发表讲话。虽说听众肯定会对你的穿着评头论足，你的声望却不会受到损坏。事实上，它还能提高你的名气。你会成为不受常规约束，人们期望与众不同的极少数人中的一个。
现在来设想一下，如果一个公司的总裁穿戴得像切尔一样，在股东会议上讲话，或者美国的总统穿着皱巴巴的裤子和一双网球鞋在全国电视节目上讲话，将会有什么样的事情发生。这两位老总很快就会失业的。除去个别的古怪之人，听众期望每一个演讲者应该外表与演讲的场合一致。美国总统周末在戴维营接受简短的采访时，可以穿高尔夫球运动服或骑马的装束拍照。但同是这位总统，向国会联席会议发表讲话时却要穿传统的西服,戴领带。同样，一位商业主管在阿卡普尔科的冬季销售会上可能会穿休闲裤和便衫，因为在此氛围中，穿着西服会显得太正式。但是回到旧金山、芝加哥或纽约，同一位商业主管将会穿上光洁而笔挺的西服。
许多研究已经证实，个人的外表在做演讲时起着重要的作用。听众总是先看到你，而后再听到你讲话。正如你要使你的语言适应听众和当时的场合，你也应合适地穿戴打扮。尽管你演讲的感染力有时可以克服个人外表所造成的坏印象，但事情往往难遂人愿。（在一项对高级商业主管的调查中，有百分之八十四的人透露说，他们的公司干脆不雇用那些在招聘会上穿戴不整的人。）不管在什么情况下演讲，你都应当尽力去留下一个好的第一印象――会使听众对你的演讲更加接受的第一印象。
身体的动作
新手们在演讲时往往不知道该拿自己的身体怎么办。有的人在讲台上不停地走来走去，害怕一停下来，就会把什么都忘掉。另外一些人则像一台恒动机，不断地把身子的重力从一只脚移到另一只脚，晃动肩膀，摆弄演稿，或把口袋里的硬币弄得叮当响。还有一些人变成了雕像，自始至终面无表情直挺挺地站着。
这些古怪动作通常都是由于紧张。如果你易于慌乱无措，你的教师将会发现这一点，以便你在以后的演讲中努力加以控制。只要稍稍集中精力，这些毛病就会随着你在众面前讲话渐渐从容而消失。
在开始演讲前和结束演讲后那一刻怎么做，这与你在演讲中怎么做同等重要。在你站起来演讲时，要尽力显得镇静、从容、自信，虽然你紧张得直恶心。走上讲台时，不要靠在讲台上，也不要慌忙开讲。给自己一点时间先平静下来。把演讲稿按你的需要摆放好。在你等待听众注意的时候，要静静地站好。与你的听众进行一下目光接触。到那时――只有到那时――你才能开始演讲。
到演讲结束时，停止讲话后要与听众保持片刻的目光接触。这会给人一定的时间来理解你的结束语。除非你要留在讲台上回答问题，不然就收起讲稿回到座位上去。这样做时，要保持镇静自若的风度。不管做什么，不要在结束演讲之前就开始整理讲稿；不要以一声如释重负的长叹或像“哟！总算讲完了！”这样的话来结束你的演讲。
所有这些建议都是常识性知识，然而令人惊讶的是太多的人都需要这种知识。在练习演讲时，花一点时间演练一下你在开始和结尾 的表现。这可能是你提高在听众心目中的形象所能做的最容易，也是最有效的事情之一。
手势
演讲中很少有那些方面比决定手该干什么会给学生们带来更大的苦恼。“我应该把双手紧握起来放到后面？让它们垂放在身体两侧？把它们放进口袋里？放到讲台上？手势怎么办？我该什么时候打手势――怎样打？”即使那些通常在日常会话中能富有表现力地运用手势的人，在听众面前讲话时也觉得双手成了笨拙的附属物。
多年以来，人们写的关于打手势的废话，比演讲的任何其它方面的都要多。熟练的手势能够增加演讲的影响力；但是普遍认为的公众演说家必须掌握一整套优雅的手势这一点却是无稽之谈。有些出色的演说家经常打手势；有些则从来不打。首要的原则是：不管打什么手势都不应把注意力吸引到手势本身上去，从而分散了你要传达的信息。手势应该显得自然，由衷而发，应该帮助阐明或进一步证实你的观点，还应该适合于听众和场合。
在你从事演讲的这一个阶段，有比如何打手势更重要的事情值得你注意。随着经验的积累和信心的增强，你会自然而然地学会打手势。在这同时，注意不要使打手势和表达思想本末倒置。不要使劲儿地挥动双手，不要把双手绞在一起，不要压指关节，或玩弄指环。一旦你消除掉了这些分神之事，忘掉你的双手。考虑考虑如何和你的听众交流，你的手势可能就会随之而来――就像在谈话中的手势那样。
目光接触
眼球本身并不表达什么感情。然而通过运动眼球和它周围的面部――尤其是上眼睑和眉毛――我们就能够传达一系列复杂的非言语信息。这些信息是如此地深刻，以至我们把眼睛看成是“心灵的窗户”。我们依靠双眼来判断一个演讲者的真 诚、智力、态度和感情。
与你的听众建立一个交际纽带的最快的办法，是亲切而愉快地正视他们。避开听众的目光最会失去听众。最好的情况下，不愿同听众进行目光接触的演讲者，会被看成是犹豫不定，心神不安。最坏的时候，他们会被看成是言不由衷或不诚实。难怪教师们要求学生，在演讲中百分这八十到九十的时间都要看着听众。
起初，你会觉得这样令人惊惶不安。不过经过一两次的演讲，你就应该能像在随便的谈话中那样比较自在的迎接听众的目光了。在看你的听众时，要注意他们的反应。他们能听见你吗？听懂你的话了吗？他们是否醒着？你的眼睛会帮你回答这些问题。
仅仅看着你的听众还是不够的；你如何看他们也很重要。目光呆滞地盯着看，几乎和不进行目光接触一样糟糕。恶狠狠地瞪着眼睛或一连串受惊吓的、迷惑的瞟视也是如此。同时也要警惕死盯着听众的某一部分看而忽略其余的人的倾向。在演讲课上有些学生只看老师所在的那一处。另外一些人则避着不看靠近老师的地方，而是把目光盯着看一两个有同情心的朋友。你的目光应与所有的听众接触。当在一小群人（比方在班里）面前演讲时，你通常可以很快地从一个人看到另一个人。对于很大一群人来说，你可能要扫视听众，而不是竭力与每个人都进行目光接触。不管你的听众的规模有多大，都要让你的眼睛传达自信、真诚和 信念。它们应该表达出这样的意思：“很高兴能和你们在一块儿谈话。我深信我所说的话，我希望你们也能相信这些话。” 你的行为更重要
梅尔文·施纳伯
一名和平队成员被紧急召往埃塞俄比亚的一个小镇，去处理志愿者把埃塞俄比亚人当狗一样对待的 有关报道。那个志愿者做了什么，以至会传达出这样的信息？
一个在尼日利亚的志愿者很难在课堂上维持纪律，据说学生们不尊敬他，因为他不自尊。这是怎么回事？
这两个志愿队员都没有在言语上得罪当地人。但他们俩都没有意识到他们通过非言语行为所传达的信息。
在第一例中，那个在健康中心工作的志愿队员要到候诊室叫下一名病人。她叫人时像在美国做的那样――用手指点着下一位病人，并招手让他过来。这在美国是可以接受的，但在埃塞俄比亚她用指头指的手势是对小孩们用的，招手的手势则是对狗用的。在埃塞俄比亚，人们指人时，伸出一只手臂和手，招呼人时伸出一只手，手掌朝下，连续不断地握起。
在第二例中，那个志愿队员坚持要让学生们直视着他，以表示专心致志，而在埃塞俄比亚，人们认为持续的目光接触是不尊敬人。
英美人一个极其简单的手势在另外一种文化里可能会带有侮辱性的，令人尴尬的，或者至少是让人摸不着头脑的含意；同样，事情反过来也是如此。如果一个外国客人在一家纽约的餐馆里咚咚地擂桌子，并朝着服务员嘘嘘，那么如果他们只被扔出门外就算很走运了。如果外国的学生鞠躬，美国人会觉得他们过于礼貌。
接受语言的武断性――狗在法语里叫chien,在约鲁巴语里叫aja――比接受非言语交流中那些富 有感情的行为举止的差异要容易得多。从许多方面来说，这些差异和语言一样具有武断性。
我们总以为，我们谈话和打手势的方式是“自然的”，而觉得那些行为方式与我们不同的人有点 违背自然。这种想法使我们对跨文化的行为举止视而不见。个人很可能会对自己以非言语方式表达的信息漠然不知，因为主人往往很少说他们又犯了一个社交上的错误。说别人无礼也是无礼的；因此主人给予来访客人一个“外宾特许状”，容许他们在社交礼仪上出些错误。他们也从不知道哪些会酿成大错，到知道时已为时太晚。
另外，还有一点不利因素是，客人还没有融入新的环境，不能作为一个自由的行为者发现和采用话语之外的新的交流方式。他们受自己的文化限制，只能在自己的文化体系里作出反应。而事实上要想最大限度的理解，说另一种语言的客人也必须学会运用那个文化中非言语交流的工具。非言语交流――教授并测定其效果――这比进行正式的语言指导更难。但既然语言作为成功的关键要素已得到了充分的认可，就应该对那些定期居住在别国的人讲授非言语行为方面的知识，给他们提供实际的经历，意识和知觉。事实上，正是语言流利性的增强使得现在非言语方面的熟练更为重要。一个语言流利的客人如果不懂面对面交往的礼仪，会比那些说话不那么流利的客人更得罪人；当地人会把这种语言和非语言行为之间的不一致，看成是对跨文化交流中更为微妙的方面不尊重。因为非言语信号反映人们的感情状况，客人和当地人也许都无法说清楚到底在发生什么事。虽然很难弄清楚和平队教授的每种语言的所有非言语细节，我们可以希望让客人意识到非言语渠道的存在和重要性。我在此列出以下五种渠道：身势，空间关系，语速，视觉和触觉。
身势学――身体的运动（头、臂和腿等）。最初那个埃塞俄比亚一个健康中心的例子，是由于使用了在不同文化里有不同含意的身势语引起了问题。再举个例子。美国人扯喉咙的手势表示“我知道了”或“我遇到了麻烦”，而在瑞士却传达一个截然不同的信息。它的意思是“我爱你”。
美国人并不区分向大人和小孩示意要安静的手势。他们把一个手指放在嘴唇上就可以了，而埃塞俄比亚人对小孩示意安静用一个手指，对大人要用四个。对大人只用一个手指是不尊敬的。另一方面，埃塞俄比亚人对表示着重否定的手势则不加区分。他们对大人和小孩都来回地摇动食指，而美国人只对小孩使用这个手势。因此，如果客人意识不到这样的手势的含意，不仅会得罪主人，主人也会得罪他们。
吸进面颊和把手臂僵直地放在身体一边，在阿姆哈拉语里表示“瘦”的意思。注重节食的美国人如果听别人说他们苗条，会感到受了恭维，因此许多人就自然而然地以为这样对一个埃塞俄比亚朋友说也是恭维。殊不知在埃塞俄比亚和许多其它国家，这是轻蔑之意，因为体胖被认为更好，它象征着健康和地位，也表示一个人有足够的财富来获得这两样东西。
空间关系――人际空间的利用。站立、坐着或与人谈话时，美国人觉得近得令人难以忍受的距离，南美洲人、希腊人以及其它一些地方的人却觉得很自在。我们把他们这种异常的接近，在社交上解释为咄咄逼人和过于亲呢，使我们产生敌对、不适或受到威胁的感觉。如果退后到我们觉得舒服的距离，我们则被认为是冷淡、不友好或是不信任人。索马里看待我们，就像我们看待南美人一样，因为他们面对面之间的距离比我们更远。
语速――谈话时讲话的速度。作为美国人，我们希望对方能马上回应我们的话。在其它一些文化里，人们控制着交谈的速度，前后两句对话要留出一定的时间。对美国人来说这段时间让人感到不安。在我们看来，它会意味着对方害羞、漫不经心、厌烦或紧张。它会让我们重复、解释、提高嗓门，以及“纠正”我们说的话以适应对方。在跨文化的情况下，客人最好容忍交谈时的间隙，等待对方回应。
视觉――眼与眼的接触或回避。美国人相信目光接触是注意听的表现。我们认为没有目光接触，就谈不上人类的交往。而在许多国家，却有我们认为不适当的各式各样的目光回避。触觉――交流的触觉形式。人们谈话时在什么地方、怎么样，以及隔多长时间才可以接触对方，不同的文化有不同的形式。我们不必走出国界，就可以看到比我们盎格鲁血统的美国人相互接触更频繁的人群（比如印第安人和黑人）。在国外，美国人常常感到拥挤，被人推来推去，那里的人对公众场合身体接触更为宽容，甚至还需要它作为相互交流的一部分。如果当地的朋友在正式的招呼之后仍握着客人的手不放，那么他（她）就会感到很困窘。
非言语交流的这五个方面在每个文化里都存在着。其表现形式完全是武断的。对于什么具有普遍行，什么是某种文化特有的，没有定论。
当然，这并不是说增加了知识就能改变行为举止。事实上，在有些情况下，客人不应改变他们的行为举止，这取决于社交场合中地位、人物，和价值观。但是，本方法是想让人们意识到人际交往活动的一个领域，长期以来，这个领域一直无人问津，或是认为到外国去的人会小心处理，因为他们置身这个领域。
第三篇：英语泛读教程1 Glossary, Book 1
Unit 1 illiterate(a.)目不识丁的，文盲的 tenant(n.)房客，占用者
lyrical(a.)热情奔放的，感情丰富的 blaze(v.)发光，照耀
wilted(a.)枯萎的，凋谢的 chestnut oak 栗色的栎树
trample(v.)践踏；蹂躏；蔑视；侵犯 stubble(n.)残茎，茬子 squirrel(n.)松鼠 cornbalk(n.)
bluff(n.)悬崖
stalk(n.)茎，杆；叶柄，花梗 sprout(v.)发芽，抽芽 sick(v.)追逐，攻击 swirl(n.)漩涡，弯曲 snap(v.)猛地咬住；呵斥 copperhead(n.)
crawl(v.)爬行，缓慢行进 heap(n.)堆，堆积 loamy(a.)肥沃的 matted(a.)
greenbriar(n.)
poise(v.)grab(v.)抢先，抢占 crack(v.)破裂，断裂 whip(n.)
spurt(v.)喷出，（使）涌出 pellet(n.)小珠，小子弹 sling(v.)吊起，悬挂 gray-piled(a.)
loam(n.)沃土，肥土
writhe(v.)（因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚 viciously(adv.)邪恶地，恶毒地
limp(a.)无力的，松软的，无生气的 limber(a.)柔软的
riddle(v.)把...打得满是窟窿 quiver(v.)微颤，抖动 incubate(v.)孵化，培育 quail(n.)鹌鹑
devour(v.)吞灭，毁灭 pant(v.)喘气，喘息 shaggy(a.)毛发蓬松的 fleck(n.)斑纹，斑点 ridge(n.)背脊，峰 lark(n.)云雀，百灵鸟 pasture(n.)牧场，牧草地 agony(n.)苦恼，烦闷
posthole(n.)（插旗杆或电线杆的）洞 spud(n.)小锄头 mattock(n.)鹤嘴锄 dew(n.)水珠，露水
windlass(n.)卷扬机，绞盘 trail(n.)追踪
doom(n.)命运，厄运 coil(v.)盘旋，卷成一圈
drooping(a.)
vigilant(a.)trickle(v.)gush(v.)punch(v.)oppress(v.)consume(v.)conceive(v.)ecstasy(n.)surpass(v.)
evolutionary(a.)considerable(a.)identical(a.)manifesto(n.)mindful(a.)interactions(n.)commitment(n.)attachment(n.)shower(v.)sacrifice(v.)counseling advice
hardwired(a.)whip out dignity(n.)concrete(n.)periodical(n.)prolific(a.)regionalist(a./ n.)
resolve(v.)lure(v.)ponder(v.)stave off(v.)prognosis(n.)illusion(n.)fanfair(n.)dull(v.)recapture(v.)carved figure(n.)bead(n.)ribbon(n.)turquoise(n.)
Unit 2 log(n.)thaw(v.)icicle(n.)eave(n.)sparkle(v.)bundle(n.)strap(v.)calico(n.)shot(n.)mitten(n.)yarn(n.)barn(n.)leap(v.)barnyard(n.)stall(n.)bar(n.)slap(v.)glittering(a.)snatch(v.)slam(v.)snuggle(v.)trundle(n.)latch-string dot(n.)claw(n.)faint(a.)chore(n.)
plow(v.)quilting(v.)pane(n.)poker(n.)loft(n.)dash off clamber(v.)cub(n.)stroke(v.)cuddly(a.)observance(n.)resolution(n.)tidbit(n.)saddle(n.)integrity(n.)bulk(n.)chart(n.)post(v.)
emulate(v.)personify(v.)daring(a.)cattleman(n.)
steer(n.)graze(v.)regiment(n.)loot(v.)scout(n.)outfit(n.)bed down straggler(n.)scout(v.)plunger(v.)ebb(n.)quick sands rattlesnake(n.)bonanza(n.)on the hoof(a.)stock cattle(n.)mule(n.)dugout(n.)
Unit 3 orchard(n.)enrage(v.)monotonous(a.)versatile(a.)expedition(n.)insignificant(a.)gloomy(a.)costume(n.)vivacity(n.)imposing(a.)square(v.)stride(v.)studiously(adv.)loom(v.)chassis(n.)manifold(a.)
plague(n.)wig(n.)perchance(adv.)rub(n.)shuffle(v.)coil(n.)
Unit 4 conservation(n.)migratory(a.)sanctuary(n.)fact sheet habitat(n.)redstart(n.)warbler(n.)woodcreeper parrot canopy(n.)yield(n.)intensive(a.)fertilizer(n.)insecticide(n.)herbicide(n.)fungicide(n.)agronomic(a.)cropland(n.)diversity(n.)convert(v.)avifauna(n.)tropics(n.)compatible(a.)migrant(n.)overstory(n.)indigenous(a.)agroforestry(n.)understory(n.)organic(a.)mulch(n.)erosion(n.)toxicities(n.)hectare(n.)moist(n.)virtually(adv.)orchid(n.)amphibian(n.)rival(v.)benign(a.)respectively(adv.)revenue(n.)exceed(v.)credit(n.)conversion(n.)relentless(a.)acidification(n.)run-off(n.)micro-climatic(a.)deliberate(a.)temperate(a.)endangered(a.)ponder(v.)portion(n.)foster(v.)habitant(n.)revert(v.)radical(a.)cautiously(adv.)stroke(n.)autoimmune(a.)sclerosis(n.)rheumatoid arthritis catch-all(a.)deem(v.)rodenticide(n.)fungus(n.)rodent(n.)concoction(n.)unintended(a.)unanticipated(a.)conventional(a.)mortality(n.)prevalence(n.)peregrine(n.)falcon(n.)osprey(n.)unwitting(a.)contamination(n.)wrought(v.)fervor(n.)organochlorine(n.)severely(adv.)hazardous(a.)mart(n.)bend(n.)cut it close gauge(n.)verge on(v.)ominously(adv.)predicament(n.)dilemma(n.)viable(a.)neotropical(a.)accumulate(v.)predator(n.)rehydration(n.)stopover site(n.)doom(v.)entail(v.)toll(n.)breed(v.)collision(n.)degradation(n.)await(v.)exploit(v.)turf(n.)pounce(v.)capture(v.)anew(adv.)sumptuous(a.)repast(n.)nestling(n.)contaminate(v.)manifest(v.)
thorax(n.)abdomen(n.)antennae(n.)cuticle(n.)chitin(n.)skeleton(n.)exoskeleton(n.)spiracle(n.)trachea(n.)vein(n.)artery(n.)digestive system(n.)nourishment(n.)muscular(a.)gizzard(n.)grind up(v.)ganglia(n.)ganglion caterpillar(n.)larva(n.)larvae maggot(n.)grub(n.)pupa / pupae(n.)metamorphosis(n.)earwig(n.)nymph(n.)shed its skin moulting imago(n.)dragonfly(n.)damselfly(n.)nalad(n.)moth(n.)cockroach(n.)yolk(n.)spine(n.)swell up claw(n.)sticky pad(n.)hinge(n.)gnat(n.)knob(n.)halteres(n.)agile(a.)hover(v.)horsefly(n.)bulging(a.)compound eyes(n.)dusk(n.)ocelli(ocellus)vibration(n.)
Unit 5 times table stack(v.)flashcard(n.)yell(v.)jolly(a.)cinch(n.)to the core mean(a.)stick up(v.)clinch(v.)hedge(v.)pat(v.)spank(v.)hollow(n.)timber(n.)giant(a.)sponge(n.)release(v.)evaporation(n.)stabilize(v.)erode(v.)silt(v.)disastrous(a.)vibration(n.)vibrate(v.)whip(v.)lick(n.)make a fuss repeat the grade closed circuit television diploma(n.)college admission test polytechnic(n.)
inflammatory rheumatism waterworks pond creek(n.)swell(v.)limp(v.)pitch(v.)tumble(v.)dam(n.)recess time(n.)solemn(a.)presently(adv.)fairground(n.)sore(a.)birch tree barrel(n.)drag(v.)whopper(n.)carp(n.)freshet(n.)wrestle(v.)gill(n.)slippery(a.)wriggle(v.)washtub(n.)make a break conviction(n.)
Unit 6 paradise(n.)grief(n.)the just fasting(n.)bewildered(a.)satin(n.)shutter(v.)drapery(n.)coffin(n.)clap(v.)bear(v.)tray(n.)pomegranate(n.)persimmon(n.)goblet(n.)ravenously(adv.)undress(v.)velvet(a./ n.)saint(n.)yearn(v.)chop(v.)be beside oneself(v.)buzz(v.)embrace(v.)
doughnut(n.)pickpocket(n.)authentic(a.)deprive(v.)
huff(n.)tantrum(n.)tangle(n.)disguise(n.)sniff(n.)stamp(v.)pine wand(n.)mumble(v.)nap(n.)pucker up(v.)cinnamon(n.)
Unit 7 growl(v.)leash(v.)chase(v.)harness(n.)tent(n.)clan(n.)sledge(n.)rabies(n.)
Unit 8 waistcoat overcoat stiff(a.)neckcloth resemblance(n.)champagne cork(n.)fussy(a.)projector(n.)departure(n.)goalkeeper(n.)see to(v.)spit, spat(v.)under one’s breath clumsy(a.)cart(n.)hedge(n.)chest(n.)gallop(n.)in the act clink(v.)revolver(n.)splash(v.)drag(v.)hook(n.)strip(v.)surrender(v.)
Unit 9 canvas(n.)frame(n.)onlooker(n.)superimposed(a.)humidity(n.)intersect(v.)conservator(n.)merge(v.)stimulation(n.)adhere to(v.)buckle(v.)flake(v.)warp(v.)curator(n.)assess(v.)poplar(n.)serendipitously(adv.)cottonwood(n.)
resilient(a.)contract(v.)crack(v.)elastic(a.)withstand(v.)snap back(v.)gesso(n.)calcium carbonate(n.)barium sulfate(n.)primer(n.)batten(n.)mahogany(n.)perpendicularly(adv.)grain(n.)cradling(n.)crisscrossed(a.)brace(v.)infrared photography(n.)emissiography(n.)undeterred(a.)in situ vulnerable(a.)condense(v.)drip(v.)swell(v.)split(v.)pronounced(a.)skepticism(n.)restoration(n.)institute(n.)dime-store(n.)magnate(n.)season(v.)fluctuate(v.)flake off(v.)intrigue(v.)variable(a.)demonstrably(adv.)pliant(a.)humid(a.)verify(v.)low-end(a.)resolution(n.)pixel(n.)resolve(v.)single-lens-reflex mixed blessing crop(v.)compressed(a.)discard(v.)conspicuous(a.)undetectable(a.)
precision(n.)corrective(a.)
belated(a.)vital(a.)pilotless cargo ship dock(v.)ration(n.)orbit(v.)applaud(v.)hookup(n.)anonymity(n.)encounter(v.)inventory(n.)track(v.)capsule(n.)shuttle fleet(n.)resume(v.)staple(n.)fanatic(a.)fix(n.)premium(a.)real estate(n.)obligate(v.)mandatory(a.)quarterly(a.)compulsory(a.)sprout up(v.)upkeep(n.)bulk(a.)capture(v.)generate(v.)condo(n.)lock-in(n.)amount to(v.)obligatory(a.)spotlight(n.)acclaim(v.)balance beam(n.)rematch(n.)pavilion(n.)marathon(n.)ultimate(a.)referee(n.)stopwatch(n.)scorecard(n.)host(v.)dispel(v.)myth(n.)playful(a.)showcase(v.)corporate(a.)imposing(a.)lavish(a.)representational(a.)expenditure(n.)cobble(v.)dune(n.)cube(n.)pierce(v.)transparent(a.)rod(n.)porcupine(n.)quill(n.)sway(v.)fiber-optic(a.)filament(n.)dandelion(n.)botanic(a.)installation(n.)striking(a.)visual(a.)innovative(a.)cobblestone(n.)Ferris wheel(n.)alternating current(n.)globalise(v.)represent(v.)prototype(n.)curved(a.)clad(v.)porcelain(n.)tile(n.)allude to(v.)chinaware(n.)fruition(n.)aesthetic(n.)fabricate(v.)vanguard(n.)off-the-shelf(a.)assemble(v.)cubelike orient(v.)metropolitan area(n.)reverse(v.)
Unit 10 River Thames gallery(n.)stretch(n.landmark(n.)Westminster Abbey the Tower boundary(n.)solemn(a.)procession(n.)borough(n.)meridian(n.)radius(n.)prehistoric(a.)reconstruction(n.)generous(a.)reign(n.)sculpture(n.)inherit(v.)widow(n.)armour(n.)pottery(n.)miniature(n.)execute(v.)registry office(n.)
best man(n.)identification(n.)transit(n.)privilege(n.)bureaucrat(n.)bikini sunbathe(v.)rig(n.)sparkle(v.)kilt(n.)bagpipe(n.)tartan(n.)badge(n.)tattoo(n.)enroll(v.)
Unit 11 trivial(a.)celery(n.)immigrate(v.)disgrace(v.)disinfect(v.)
relish tray stiffly(adv.)in a row radish(n.)curly(a.)carrot(n.)slender(a.)stalk(n.)follow suit dip(n.)flake(n.)dash(n.)
revolting(a.)unison(n.)crunch(v.)zingy(a.)platter(n.)buffet(n.)retreat(n.)chase(v.)mortify(v.)nurse(v.)spectacle(n.)accent(n.)pluperfect(a.)diagram(n.)inflection(n.)mastery(n.)smugly(adv.)mutter(v.)blurt(v.)slip(a.)resolve to(n.)gee gizzard(n.)stew(v.)exclaim(v.)candied(a.)shred(n.)glistening(a.)prawn(n.)pop out giggle(v.)slurp(v.)grin(v.)
sanitation(n.)mimics(n.)secretarial college owe(v.)ritual(n.)endure(v.)recipe(n.)spaghetti(n.)repel(v.)stringy(a.)
chopstickful pint(n.)litre(n.)grub(n.)
compliment(n.)civility(n.)affront(n.)engrave(v.)specimen(n.)cordially(adv.)obligation(n.)promptly(adv.)double-sheet(n.)draft(v.)dispatch(v.)necessitate(v.)sufficient(a.)nullify(v.)exceed(v.)grace(n.)belated(a.)delinquent(a.)napkin(n.)tuck(v.)chin(n.)bib(n.)attain(v.)entitle(v.)revert(v.)exclusive(a.)well-bred(a.)convex(n.)tine(n.)etiquette(n.)merit(n.)hallmark(n.)clattering(n.)relish(n.)convey(v.)drawing room(n.)arise(v.)prior to
Unit 12 red-baked ground whitewash kiosk exuberant(a.)hub(n.)spiral(n.)pneumonia(n.)meningitis(n.)batter(v.)diminish(v.)engulf(v.)vitality(n.)curse(n.)collapse(v.)strap(v.)thriving(v.)pitiful(a.)scrap(n.)ulcer(n.)vicious(a.)pang(n.)content(a.)exacerbate(v.)stave off(v.)supplement(v.)inevitable(a.)maize(n.)staple(n.)deteriorate(v.)bedsit(n.)
fringe(n.)imminent(a.)consultant(n.)antirestroviral per capita frail(a.)brew(v.)decline(v.)thwart(v.)life expectancy tragedy ragged(a.)census(n.)porridge(n.)distracting(a.)
cramp(n.)extended belly striped shirt polio(n.)gravely(a.)dice(n.)condom check(v.)tidal wave sandals(n.)mock-leopard skin scrape(v.)serenity(n.)slip(v.)confine(v.)rigidly(adv.)
era(n.)stubborn(a.)nonprofit(a.)property(n.)tend(v.)minor(n.)presumably(adv.)matrilineal tribes descendant(n.)pot(n.)pan(n.)utensils(n.)bucket(n.)patrilineal(a.)precarious(a.)access(n)bereft(a.)alternatively(adv.)eviction(n.)miserable(a.)
approximately(adv.)whopping(a.)statistics(n.)prevalence(n.)exhaustive(a.)calculate(v.)formula(n.)transmit(v.)vital(a.)staffing shortages surveillance compile(v.)vacant(a.)vacancy(n.)dedicated(a.)
plague(v.)plow(v.)pledge(v.)unenviable(a.)potentially aggressive(a.)combat(v.)wane(v.)strain(n.)stunningly(adv.)swift(a.)progression(n.)full-fledged(a.)virulent(a.)onset(n.)menacing(a.)set in motion
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome antibody(n.)molecule(n.)parasite(n.)fungi(n.)bacteria(n.)opportunistic(a.)vaginal fluid semen(n.)swollen lymph glands sore muscles skin rash diarrhea(n.)fungal thrush(n.)vagina(n.)tumor(n.)medication(n.)saliva(n.)gum(n.)floss(v.)pregnancy(n.)delivery(n.)vertical(a.)abstinence(n.)monogamous(a.)barrier(n.)irritation(n.)antiviral(a.)baby formulas inborn(a.)
第四篇：新视野大学英语3读写教程课后答案
新视野大学英语读写教程第三册答案(1-7单元)如下
Unit 1 III 1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying 8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain IV 1 tell „on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me 5 reckoned with 6 call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around V G O D I K L B F A N VI 1 advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution 8 value 9 tool 10 manner VII 1 air-conditioned(装空调的；有冷气的)2 handmade（手工制作的）3 thunderstruck（非常吃惊的）4 heartfelt（衷心的；诚挚的）5 data-based（基于数据的）6 self-employed（自主经营的）7 custom-built（定制的；定做的）8 weather-beaten（饱经风霜的）VIII 1.well-informed（对„„非常熟悉的）2 new-found（新获得的）3 hard-earned（辛苦挣得的）4 soft-spoken（说话温柔的）5 newly-married（新婚的）6 widely-held（普遍认为的）7 well-meant（出于好意的）8 well-educated（受过良好教育的）IX 1 no matter how different it may seem form any other substance 2 no matter what a woman tries to do to improve her situation 3 no matter what excuse he gives 4 no matter what anyone else may think 5 no matter how they rewrite history X 1 just as we gained fame in victory we lost nothing in defeat 2 just as the head teacher plays a significant role in the school Jane plays a significant role f leader in the classroom.3 whoever was out there obviously couldn’t see him just as he couldn’t see them.she has been searching all her life for the perfect chocolate just as I have been searching for the perfect beer.5 you can make those kinds of comparisons just as you were doing the analyses a minute ago.XI 1.No matter how experienced a speaker you are and how well you have prepared your speech you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.2.Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him Jimmy cared about them.3.Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.4.If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.5.Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6.Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.XII 1.每当有人帮了你，无论事情大小，无论他地位高低，你都应该对他说声“谢谢”。2．蒸汽机的发明使船舶发生了变化，正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。3．尽管经理努力帮忙，他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。4．这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转，完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。5．如果你不知道自己想要什么，你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要对。6．吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。XIII 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 D 6 A 7 D 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 A 14 C 15 D 16 C 17 A 18 C 19 D 20 A第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第三册unit2答案 Unit 2 III 1 moderate 2 consume 3 advisable 4 modified 5 evidence 6 restricted 7 calculate 8 remedy 9 impact 10 sufficient IV 1 bounce back 2 summed up 3 Up to 4 at risk 5 went to zero 6 goes up 7 interfere with 8 derived from 9 In general 10 take in V G K O N J A C D F I VI 1 cost 2 pollution 3 potential 4 quality 5 chance 6 crime 7 interest 8 efficiency 9 strength 10 creativity VII 1 appearance 2 utterance 3 attendance 4 hindrance 5 maintenance 6 resistance 7 performance 8 existence 9.occurrence 10.acceptance VIII 1.world-famous 2 ice-cold 3 snow-white 4 waterproof 5 waist-deep 6 carefree IX 1 Mr.Howe my favorite professor has received a Distinguished Teacher Award.2 Yesterday I went fishing something I hadn’t done in years.Some women are normally inactive but then all of a sudden start a program of intense exercise an action that breaks the laws of sports science.4 Even a brief visit to Greece a modern country with ancient civilization gives you a deep sense of its culture.5 The ancient Chinese a people of inventors discoverers philosophers soldiers poets craftsmen gave the world many of its most useful things.X 1 His homework done his composition written Larry decided to go and see the film.2 The manager sat quietly in the office(his)eyes closed waiting for the telephone to ring.3 The room was a mess empty bottles and beer cans(being)everywhere.4 When I walked in Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table the newspaper spread before him.5 Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board tears streaming down her cheeks.XI 1.The defendant a woman of only 30 kept insisting on her own innocence.2.All tings considered dates beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.3.No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.4.Taking the popularity of the region into consideration it is advisable to book hotels in advance.5.If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible.6.Summing up the discussion he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.XII 1.作为补救缺铁的一种方法，专家推荐食用肉、鸡和鱼，它们是最好的铁质来源，也是唯一最容易被身体吸收的铁质来源。
2．铁质储量为零时，你会觉得虚弱，疲乏无力，喘不过气，这是缺铁第三阶段的典型症状。3.耐力运动员，尤其是女性，经常会缺铁，如果增食肉类食物或服用铁质补剂，能够恢复到健康状态。4．这位运动医学专家认为，感到劳累、工作效率差的人，最好食用牛肉、羊肉，它们含有最易被吸收的铁质。
5．铁质储量低的人应该去咨询医生，看看是否应通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。
6．一般说来，如果你忽视自己摄入的铁质含量，不在铁质储备失去之前注意警告信号，你会有危险。XIII 1 D 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 D 6 A 7 B 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 A 12 B 13 D 14 A 15 D 16 A 17 D 18 C 19 C 20 A第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第三册uni3答案 Unit 3 III 1 cultivate 2 comprehensive 3 controversial 4 suspend 5 insulted 6 preliminary 7 conventional 8 reform 9 worthwhile 10 publicity IV 1.His girlfriend’s father saw him as a man who could not make a living.2.The course was canceled over the students’ protest.3.The problem is so difficult that we cannot work it out without the help of our teacher.4.Children tend to do/try their utmost when they know their parents are making similar efforts.5.The new teaching program didn’t work well in the school at the outset.6.I was kind of excited when I received the letter that offered me an interview.7.The school is scheduled to open on September 1.8.They appeared to offer a free computer complete with software and a printer.9.In spite of hardships they made real efforts that have resulted in more progress than expected.10.Many people make things more difficult for themselves because they still operate on the principle that you should not ask for help or you might seem weak.V F M K D C G L O I B VI 1 cold 2 competition 3 debate 4 desire 5 fear 6 heat 7 interest 8 love 9 pleasure 10 enthusiasm VII 1 historic 2 atomic 3 optimistic 4 energetic 5 economic 6 heroic VIII 1.responsibility 2.rapidity 3.mobility 4.curiosity 5.publicity 6.complexity IX 1 In Britain as in America there is a great demand for educational reform.2.In Greece as in Italy people use a lot of olive oil in cooking.3.As in the Hyde School values such as courage integrity leadership curiosity and concern are the first most important lesson in some public inner-city schools in Maryland.4.In China as in Japan a large number of middle school students take supplementary classes in order to get into a famous university.5.As in the middle of the 1950s many young people went down to the countryside in the late 1960s and early 1970s.X 1 Once you’ve practiced a bit you’ll find that it’s quite easy.2.Once the meal was finished the discussions began.3.Once you show any fear he will attack you.4.Once parents make a commitment to the program they will be daily role models for their children.5.Once customers come to rely on these systems they almost never take their business elsewhere.XI 1.In his thinking as in his behavior he is very traditional.2.Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program they have to face the strain it puts on them.3.In the long run it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.4.As the school operates on the Character First principle moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.5.It is said that the meeting which is scheduled to be held this month will be put off till next month.6.The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.XII 1.跟在法国一样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。2．他一旦下定决心去干一件事，就根本拦不住他。
3．学校强调的观点是：家长和孩子一起参加学校的活动是值得的。
4．快下课时，老师让学生用最后的五分钟来展开激烈的讨论，依照1—10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。
5．为了避免引发针对他们的品格培养方案的争论，该校校长解释说，品格第一并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。
6．并非所有的家长都相信海德中学的办学原则，即如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩就自然会提高。XIII 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 D 6 B 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 A 13 C 14 C 15 A 16 B 17 C 18 A 19 D 20 B 第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第三册unit4答案 Unit 4 III 1.inspected 2.assembled 3.exaggerated 4.versions 5.universal 6.approved 7.recruit 8.evolved 9.dedicated 10.solemn IV 1.worked on 2.approve of 3.went ahead 4.for sale 5.come up with 6.refashioned into 7.rise to fame 8.captures my attention 9.evolved from 10.named after V C E F N O K A H L I VI 1.respect 2.influence 3.credit 4.confidence 5.support 6.acceptance 7.fame 8.insight 9.recognition 10.experience VII 1.intelligence 2.consequence 3.significance 4.ignorance 5.indifference 6.competence 7.brilliance 8.magnificence VIII 1.coexists 2.co-director 3.cooperate 4.co-pilot 5.co-author IX 1.Jimmy walked slowly to the corner of the playground his face covered with tears.2.The taxi sped away its lights disappearing into the distance.3.Their stomachs crying for food their back burning from too much sun both boys gathered their things and headed for home.4.Barbara just lay there her mouth trembling her eyes unfocused unable to say a word.5.Then the two players let him fall to the track his chest landing first his head following bouncing and finally lying still.X 1 Most snakes although with a threatening appearance aren’t really dangerous if you leave them alone.2.Women even though with the same abilities have failed to approach the income of men.3.Though with a severe lack of coal the principle was not forced to close the school.4.She is capable of making complete French meals even though with no cheese after salad.5.When in doubt about the result of your test call the test office.XI 1.Everything considered this city is the world’s most exciting city.2.Though with no approval from his parents he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.3.The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.4.It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.5.The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.6.One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.XII 1.这副画上一个神色严肃的男子，身旁站着一位女子，身后是所农舍。他们的原型分别是画家的牙医和姐姐。
2．公司的申请书，不管是代表自己还是代表他人，都应该有官员的签名。
3．做了脱口秀之后，约翰和妻子在广播和电视节目上出了名，这些节目给普通民众以启迪，而不只是向他们提供信息。
4．尽管有些人不赞同，可市领导还是决定实施这个计划，在湖边建造两个五星级宾馆，以吸引更多的游客。
5．那位著名画家去世了，曾经给他当模特的妻子立即担任了他装潢公司的总经理职务。
6．宴会上，他们的衣着都很华丽，但吸引我注意力的却是他们的交谈方式，使得我很想和他们交谈。XIII 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 B 11 A 12 C 13 A 14 C 15 C 16 A 17 D 18 D 19 A 20 D Unit 4 III 1.inspected 2.assembled 3.exaggerated 4.versions 5.universal 6.approved 7.recruit 8.evolved 9.dedicated 10.solemn IV 1.worked on 2.approve of 3.went ahead 4.for sale 5.come up with 6.refashioned into 7.rise to fame 8.captures my attention 9.evolved from 10.named after V C E F N O K A H L I VI 1.respect 2.influence 3.credit 4.confidence 5.support 6.acceptance 7.fame 8.insight 9.recognition 10.experience VII 1.intelligence 2.consequence 3.significance 4.ignorance 5.indifference 6.competence 7.brilliance 8.magnificence VIII 1.coexists 2.co-director 3.cooperate 4.co-pilot 5.co-author IX 1.Jimmy walked slowly to the corner of the playground, his face covered with tears.2.The taxi sped away, its lights disappearing into the distance.3.Their stomachs crying for food, their back burning from too much sun, both boys gathered their things and headed for home.4.Barbara just lay there, her mouth trembling, her eyes unfocused, unable to say a word.5.Then the two players let him fall to the track, his chest landing first, his head following, bouncing, and finally lying still.X 1 Most snakes, although with a threatening appearance, aren’t really dangerous if you leave them alone.2.Women, even though with the same abilities, have failed to approach the income of men.3.Though with a severe lack of coal, the principle was not forced to close the school.4.She is capable of making complete French meals even though with no cheese after salad.5.When in doubt about the result of your test, call the test office.XI 1.Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.2.Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.3.The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.4.It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.5.The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.6.One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.XII 1.这副画上一个神色严肃的男子，身旁站着一位女子，身后是所农舍。他们的原型分别是画家的牙医和姐姐。
2．公司的申请书，不管是代表自己还是代表他人，都应该有官员的签名。
3．做了脱口秀之后，约翰和妻子在广播和电视节目上出了名，这些节目给普通民众以启迪，而不只是向他们提供信息。
4．尽管有些人不赞同，可市领导还是决定实施这个计划，在湖边建造两个五星级宾馆，以吸引更多的游客。
5．那位著名画家去世了，曾经给他当模特的妻子立即担任了他装潢公司的总经理职务。
6．宴会上，他们的衣着都很华丽，但吸引我注意力的却是他们的交谈方式，使得我很想和他们交谈。XIII 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 B 6 D 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 B 11 A 12 C 13 A 14 C 15 C 16 A 17 D 18 D 19 A 20 D Unit 5 III 1.switch 2.decay 3.secured 4.loose 5.slid 6.privileges 7.interval 8.outline 9.preceding 10.shallow IV 1.reached for 2.feel for 3.trying to avoid breathing 4.so that 5.managed to accomplish 6.sense my thoughts 7.provide for 8.spared me 9.read about 10.go about V N I K G M L A F C D VI 1.pain 2.fear 3.tension 4.mind 5.stress 6.crisis 7.anger 8.anxiety 9.signs 10.hunger VII 1.growth: the act of growing or developing;physical or natural development 2.warmth: the state or quality of being warm;warm-heartedness and kindness 3.depth: the distance from the top to the bottom of something 4.truth: the state or quality of being true;the actual facts or reality of something 5.length: the measurement of how long something is in size 6.breadth: the distance from one side of something to the other 7.width: the distance from one side of something to the other;the quality of being wide 8.death: the state of being dead VIII 1.exposure 2.failures 3.disclosure 4.pressure 5.mountaineers 6.closure 7.profiteers 8.seizure IX 1.did he realize that the task was a little too difficult for the new secretary to finish on her own 2.did Mary stop weeping 3.will all the employees know the result of their performance evaluation 4.did she become aware how hard it was for her mother to have brought up her sister and her on her own 5.did I get to know what happened in the end to the main characters X 1.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desk, stretching themselves.2.The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a speech for the President.3.Seeing no prospect of success, we quitted the attempt to climb the mountain.4.Knowing that they were going traveling, the students began to make preparation.5.Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe sentence by the judge.XI 1.Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.2.Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.3.Mrs.Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.4.The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.5.These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.6.He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number.XII 1.直到60年代早期，人们似乎才普遍认同英国不再是以前心目中那样的大国了。2．在决定了租房之后，我们便着手与市内所有的房屋代理商联系。
3．我小心翼翼地替她擦身子，尽量避免弄疼她，因为她瘦的只剩皮包骨了。
4．我心间对这位老人涌起了一股感情。他那暗黄的皮肤松弛地裹在显得异常大的骨头上，深陷的胸部随着不均匀的呼吸一起一伏。
5．你在报上读到那位著名画家的消息了吗？他实际上是为了要成为视觉艺术大师的抱负而累死的。6．有迹象表明，这位老太太想孤独地离开人世，不让她的家人看到他们或许无力面对的人生插曲。XIII 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 D 6 B 7 D 8 A 9 C 10 A 11 C 12 A 13 C 14 B 15 A 16 D 17 D 18 A 19 B 20 A Unit 6 III 1.sensible 2.detect 3.precaution 4.occurrence 5.withstand 6.resistant 7.vertical 8.accidental 9.enclosed 10.fastened IV 1.come out of 2.watch for 3.resistant to 4.put out 5.After all 6.make a difference to 7.agree on 8.attach labels to 9.if necessary 10.In addition to V E J K O B L C H G N VI 1.sense 2.message 3.argument 4.image 5.idea 6.belief 7.knowledge 8.reputation 9.standard 10.habit VII 1-f cupboard 橱柜 2-I motorcycle 摩托车 3-l silkworm 蚕 4-k teardrop 泪滴 5-g bloodstain 血迹 6-a sawdust 锯木屑 7-e cabinet-maker 细木工匠 8-j steamboat 汽船 9-b arrowhead 箭头 10-h shirtsleeves 衬衫袖子 11-d windowpane 窗玻璃 12-c manservant 男佣人 VIII 1.encourage 2.enlarge 3.encircles 4.enable 5.endanger 6.enlightened 7.ensure 8.enforce 9.enacted 10.endear IX 1.so that the baby would not catch cold 2.so that more people would vote for him 3.so that his father might forgive him for his failure in the math exam 4.so that it would go on smoothly 5.so that you can judge for yourself X 1.She cycled from Shanghai to Beijing, which is pretty difficult for a woman of 50.2.He wore his swimming things in the office, which shocked his boss a great deal.3.They ran out of drink, which actually didn’t bother me because I wasn’t drinking.4.They will win the match, which will please my brother.5.She borrowed a book on literature, which suggests that her literature teacher was having some influence on her.XI 1.We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.2.A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.3.Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.4.If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.5.A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.6.In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them.XII 1.由于在地震中遇难的人大部分都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的，所以一定要改进建筑结构，以便它们能够抵御地震的力量。
2．人们应该在家里和工作地点储备些水和食物，这在可能发生地震时是特别必要的。3．在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信通过观察动物行为可以预测地震。4．除了努力改进建筑结构之外，地震多发地区的人们还应该在其他几个方面为可能发生的大地震做好准备。5．明智的做法是每个家庭都制定地震应急计划，而且所有的家庭成员都应该知道在地震过后的混乱中如何离开那个地区。6．由于剩下的几条可用电话线路将会很忙，所有的家人都应该往往在远离地震区域的某个朋友或亲戚家中打电话报平安。XIII 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 D 7 A 8 C 9 D 10 A 11 B 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 D 16 B 17 A 18 C 19 D 20 D、Unit 7 III 1.modernize 2.interpret 3.distributing 4.punctually 5.conservation 6.maximum 7.exported 8.conquer 9.classification 10.recreation IV 1.by name 2.in high gear 3.turned out 4.At times 5.as to 6.stem from 7.put in 8.on the subject of 9.in the interest of 10.work on V D G N B I M E J L A VI 1.life 2.economy 3.conversation 4.politics 5.country 6.garden 7.industry 8.literature 9.interview 10.meetings VII1.seaward: going toward the sea 2.backward: directed toward the back, the beginning, or the past;returning;behind in development 3.earthward: toward the earth 4.outward: toward the outside;away;on the outside, appearing to be true but perhaps not really true 5.southward: going toward the south 6.northward: going toward the north 7.homeward: going toward home 8.inward: moving toward the inside;on the inside;of the mind or spirit VIII1.interchangeable 2.intermingle 3.interconnected 4.interdependent 5.interplay 6.intermarriage 7.interpersonal 8.interactive IX1.As to what actually happened to the headquarters 2.As to where I should go to further my study 3.as to how different they are and why we want to keep them both 4.as to whether or nor I should remain at the college working as a teaching assistant 5.as to whether the old hard ware is to be replaced by new hardware X1.There is no use trying to help those who do not help themselves 2.it is no good trying to solve the issue between the nations by means of war 3.There is no sense refusing to accept it 4.There is no point in having a load of money 5.there is no harm in spending some time thinking about what sort of career you might wish to pursue XI1.An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.2.There’s/It’s no use complaining since nothing ever changes as the result of a complaint.What’s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happiness.3.Learn to accept the fact that some people you thought were friends turn out to be enemies.4.As you would expect from the book’s title, there are many references to what kind of man Gates is.5.The prosperity of the company stems from hardworking and thrifty of the entire staff.6.He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was put on for the first time Saturday night.XII1.至于那天晚上他是怎么死的，事实上我无法解释，而且也许不会有任何可能的解释了。2．做了一件事然后说自己本来不想那样做是没有用的；如果你不想做，你就不会做了。3．微软公司正在研究降低其产品成本的方法，以便发展中国家的人也能买得起。4．苹果公司也愿意将其部分软件与微软公司的产品捆绑在一起，以促进其销售。
5． 与评价父亲不同，人们评价母亲依据的是其为母之道的成功或失败。对于母亲来说，一切都取决于孩子最终成为什么样的人。
6． 人们会发现这个网站很有价值，因为我们投入了大量时间准备网站的信息。
XIII1 A 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 D 7 B 8 D 9 C 10 A 11 D 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 A 16 C 17 D 18 C 19 A 20 D 第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第三册unit8答案Unit 8 Section A Vocabulary III.1.mount 2.resembles 3.implication 4.prohibits 5.deliberate 6.debate 7.classified 8.guidelines 9.split 10.generated Exercises on Web course only: 11.categories 12.breed 13.commission 14.draft 15.confusion IV.1.within reach 2.fall into 3.in terms of 4.get around 5.regardless of 6.referred to 7.What if 8.in the first place 9.concerned about 10.identical to Exercises on Web course only: 11.in the wake of 12.comparable to 13.puzzling over V.1.K 2.E 3.M 4.O 5.F 6.H 7.N 8.A 9.I 10.B Collocation VI.1.duties 2.emotions 3.interests 4.experience 5.responsibility 6.love 7.characteristics 8.memories 9.information 10.belief Word Building VII.1.transposition 2.transatlantic 3.transmigrants 4.transformed 5.transnational 6.transoceanic 7.transshipped 8.transported VIII.1.nonexistent 2.non-stop 3.non-art 4.non-college 5.non-productive 6.non-profit 7.non-fiction 8.non-violent Sentence Structure IX.1.What if I say no 2.What if they don’t know
3.What if we can’t finish it on time 4.What if this happens to us someday 5.What if he has lied to us X.1.The Bosnian peace talks are continuing in Geneva today with the new proposals at the top of the agenda.2.All of Southern Africa is suffering from a severe drought with Mozambique and Zimbabwe among the worse-hit countries.3.The Europe Summit in Paris is drawing to an end with the US in danger of being completely isolated.4.With the King in prison, the chief commander came to power and ruled the country.5.With stability itself under threat, the reforms deserve all the support they can get.Translation XI.1.It sounds like a good idea, but what if it’s a trick?
2.Cities and towns in this area suffered a lot from the earthquake with Jiujiang and Ruichang among the worst-hit.3.He complained that they should not have got involved in it in the first place.4.For Mary’s sake, I can lend you my car to get around your transport problem.5.In theory it’s feasible to clone a child to harvest organs, but in practice it would be psychologically harmful to the child.6.He published an article under the name of Braver which stresses the idea that the process of cloning animals would work for humans as well.XII.1.你说你不会把时间浪费在约会上，但如果遇到吸引你的男子，你会怎么办呢？
2.为了帮助艾滋病患者，需要有新的措施，地方社团、非政府机构、政府和国际组织之间要建立密切的合作关系。
3.上周，该国际传出消息说，他们正密切关注该地区的情况。
4.在导致数百人死亡的污染事件发生之后，政府开始起草环境保护指导方针。
5.正如这篇文章的作者所警告的，克隆人类可能是一件使人更加悲伤而非更加高兴的事。6.在一些西方国家，有些父母准备克隆孩子，目的是进行非致使非致命器官的移植。Cloze XIII.1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.A 15.B 17.D 18.A 19.D 20.B Section B Reading Skills I.1.The title is actually a question.By using a question as a title, the writer tries to attract the readers’ attention.Obviously, it’s about the possibility or legality of human cloning.The writer will give us a thorough analysis as to who might take advantage of human cloning.2.The language is formal and serious.Besides, it is emotional.The evidence for this is the repeated employment of rhetorical questions.3.Altogether, there are seven questions, including the one in the title.Of the seven, four are rhetorical questions.They appear respectively at the end of Paragraph 2, Paragraph 3, Paragraph 4, and at the beginning of Paragraph 6.4.Rhetorical questions are mainly intended to stir up the readers’ emotions, to put them off guard, making them ready to accept the writer’s opinion.Rhetorically, this is called emotional appeal.By using rhetorical questions four times, the writer of this text is appealing to the readers to accept the idea “Don’t just say no to human cloning”.With all the above in view, we can see that the text is persuasive.Comprehension of the Text II.1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.T Vocabulary III.1.resigned 2.consent 3.governing 4.refusal 5.disposed 6.artificial 7.desirable 8.reproduce 9.violated 10.radical Exercises on Web course only: 11.probable 12.reflection 13.resume 14.panic 15.opposition IV.1.She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.2.It makes sense to buy the most up-to-date version.3.If the day turns out to be wet, we may have to change our plans.4.Upon reflection, she decided to accept his offer.5.For the sake of a successful exhibition we should try our best to collect more famous paintings.6.We reserved two tickets in the name of Brown.7.We had to resign ourselves to taking a loss on the sale.8.Economic and social inequalities can never be viewed as positive and constructive forces.9.If he did move to Beijing, he’d stand a chance of getting a job.10.These policemen are frightened at the prospect that they face a population which has the most advanced automatic arms at its disposal.
第五篇：口译教程UNIT 3 第三单元教案
UNIT 3 第三单元教案
来源： 口译-学院精品课程 作者：Jay J Yang
Speech Performance
演讲技巧
Unit Objective(单元目标)
After reading this unit you should
☆ understand the nature of interpreting speech.☆ know how to prepare for interpretation
☆ master the best performance as an interpretor.Warm-up(准备)
1.Two students are requested to sit at the Interpreting Desk or Booth, acting as interpretors of the class.Their performance is evaluated and graded by instructor.2.One or Two students are asked to present a piece of news or a weather forecast of the week.Theory of Interpretation III(口译理论三)
口译员的演讲技巧： 熟悉讲话场所；
演讲的六大要素：音量、音调、节奏、停顿、发音、吐词。
演讲的仪态：穿着、姿态、眼神、手势、表情。
Memoria Technica(记忆法)
Listen to the following sentences, and try to catch the key words and details, then repeat as accurately as possible:
1.The farmers in South China have enough food and clothing, and have been building new houses of more than three stories.Quite a few of them are leading a comfortable life.2.Nearly everybody agrees that money does not buy as much as it used to be.The purchase power is declining because of the inflation.3.All credit card organization charge interest on a monthly basis, which may work out as high as 25% a year.4.The rural industries in China have been developing rapidly, and employed more and more workers who were peasants for generations before 1978.5.We have prepared some souvenir for you, which are had-made by our own staff.We hope you will like them and we do hope you will be able to visit us again in the near future.6.Many foreign businessmen came to invest in the countryside in the forms of joint venture, cooperative, or wholely foreign-owned enterprises.7.Among the most popular books being written today are those that are usually classified as science fiction.8.If we can work together to our mutual benefit, arrangements will be made for one of representatives to make a trip to USA and discuss with you in person.Retell a piece of News: Americans and their Legs
Cultural Salon or Seminar(文化沙龙或研讨会)
In the last 20 minutes will be a cultural salon or seminar.Two or three students who have been asked to prepare a speech in advance on a given topic.Students in the booth will do the oral interpretation.Topic: Environment
Homework Assignments(课后作业)
Retell the following articles with the help of your study partners:
No.1: 广东省
地处中国南疆，临近港澳，与海南省隔海相望，是古代百越民族聚居之所，现为中国改革开放的综合试验区。广东省自改革开放以来，财政、金融、外贸、商业、工业、农业全面发展，成绩显著，硕果累累。一直走在全国经济发展的前列。省会广州市是华南最大的城市，被誉为“南国花城”。广东又是中国华侨最多的省份。潮汕、梅州和广州附近是全国著名侨乡。本省主要名胜古迹有陈家祠、佛山祖庙、中山纪念堂、七星岩、鼎湖山、深圳锦绣中华、世界之窗等。
No.2: 北京市
位于华北平原西北端，北依燕山山麓，是中华人民共和国首都，中央四大直辖市之一，是全国政治、经济、文化、科技、交通和旅游中心。北京具有50万年人类生活史、3000多年的建城史、700多年全国政权建都史，是中国七大古都之一，是中国历史文化名城之一，万物古迹和民情风俗丰富多彩，名胜荟集，有众多的古代宫殿建筑群、皇家园林、坛庙寺观、帝王陵寝、古塔石刻、名人故居，以及宏伟的古代、现代建筑、博物馆、纪念馆等，是中外游人向往的旅游胜地。现存明清故宫、长城以及周口店遗址已被联合国教科文卫组织列入《世界遗产名录》。北京已成为现代化的国际大都市。
No.3: Beijing to receive nearly 5 million overseas visitors in 2008
Beijing, as the venue of the 29th Olympic Games, will receive 4.6 to 4.8 million visitors from overseas in 2008.The overseas visitors are expected to bring Beijing 4.8 to 4.9 billion U.S.dollars of tourism revenue.During the period of the summer Olympics in 2008, the number of overseas audience and visitors to Beijing is estimated at 500,000 to 550,000.Currently, Beijing has 4,761 hotels which are equipped with a total of 572,500 beds, according to the official.By the end of July, Beijing has received 2.113 million overseas visitors who spent at least one night in the city, up 7.1 percent compared with the corresponding period of last year.While the figure stood at 3.629 million last year, up 15 percent year-on-year
No.4: GUANGZHOU CITY
Guangzhou, located in the center of the Guangdong Province and on the northern fringe of Pearl River Delta, is the capital of Guangdong and the center of the provincial politics, economy, science and technology, education and culture, and administrates ten districts as Yuexiu, Dongshan, Haizhu, Liwan, Tianhe, Baiyun Huangpu, Fangcun, Huadu and Panyu, and two county-level cities as Conghua and Zengcheng.Guangzhou covers an area of 7,434.4 square kilometers and its population is 7,006,900.Guangzhou is a hub of transportation and communications, and a trade port.Guangzhou, always with name of the “Southern Gate of China”, has been an important gateway for China's foreign connections, and the starting point of the Silk Road on the sea.Guangzhou, with a history of than 2,200 years, is one of the first historical and cultural cities promulgated by the State Council.Guangzhou was originally named Chuting, and later the Ram City, the Sui City(Sui means the ears of grain in Chinese), for it is a legend that in the ancient times five celestial beings befell onto Chuting on five colored rams with ears of grain in their mouths, and presented them to the local husbandmen and wished the place abundant harvests of all crops and out of famine Guangzhou is the cradle of the modern Chinese revolution, for the famous historic events such as SanVuanli Anti-British Struggle, Huanghuagang Uprising and Guangzhou Uprising took Place in Guanzhou.Guangzhou, reputed as “Floral City” with trees and other plants evergreen and everblooming is a key tourist city of our country, and has a great number of historical sites and over 12O units with historical relics Drotected by the state, the province and the city respectively, and among them the Southern Yue King Tomb, Guangxiao Temple, the Six-Banyan Temple and Huaisheng Temple are more than 1,000 years old.Additionally, there are many more as South Sea Hieron built in Sui Dynasty Five-Celestial Taoist Temple built in Ming Dynasty Zhenhai Tower, Lotus Tower, the Chen Clan Temple constructed in Qing Dynasty Yuying Hill House and such modem revolutionary and historical commemorative places as Huangpu Military Academy established by Dr Sun Yat-sefy the site of National Institute of Peasant Movement presided by Mao Zedong, the Cemetery of Guangzhou Uprising Martyrs, the Graveyard of 72 Huanghuagang Martyrs and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall.Guangzhou has witnessed the fine and continuously fast development in national economy since the reform and open-up poliCy was imPlemented, and has apace been one of the most advanced metropolitans in economic aspects over the country The suburbs have developed all-roundly and formed an industrial structtire with fresh and live farming and sideline products as a main factor in the course of the transformation from the traditional agriculture to a modern one.Guided by the product markets, the industry has increased fast and has gradually formed a basically outward industrial system with light industry as the dominant factor, heavy industry as the definite base, capacity to provide auxiliary items and respectively advanced technologic equipment.The service industry, including business trade, finance, tourism and information industry has developed very quickly and the proportion covering the GDP has increased remarkably.A market system network has been formed with complete types, an extensive coverage and a high open-up degree, as the economic system has been transforming into the market economy.The opening-up to the outside world has produced an omnibearing, multilevel and wide-range setup, and the outward economy has developed into a new phase.The urban planning and construction have quickened and the municipal visages have renewed with each passing day with the objectives of “a minor change in a year, a medium change in three years, and an immense change in 2010”, the urban construction and management have advanced to standardization and legalization, and the city image and environment have improved greatly.Guangzhou, as the nuclear city of South China, has borne more attraction, wider coverage and continuously enforced comprehensive service function-It is not only an energetic city with vitality but brings along the industrialization development and the rise of city group in Pearl River Delta as well.广 州 市
广州位于广东省中部、珠江三角洲北缘，是广东省省会，全省政治、经济、科技、教育和文化中心。辖越秀、东山、海株、荔湾、天河、白云、黄埔、芳村、花都、番禺１０个区，代管从化、增城２个县级市，总面积７４３４．４平方公里，人口７００．６９万。广州是我国南方的交通、通讯枢纽和贸易口岸，历来是我国对外交往的重要门户，是海上丝绸之路的发祥地，素有中国“南大门”之称。
广州有着２２００多年历史，是国务院颁布的全国第一批历史文化名城之一。广州最早称“楚庭”，又称羊城、穗城，相传古代商５位仙人，骑五色羊，羊衔谷穗，降临“楚庭”，把谷穗赠与百姓，祝福此地五谷丰登，永无饥荒。广州是中国近现代革命史的策源地，著名的三元里抗英斗争、黄花岗起义、广州起义均发生在广州。
广州还是我国重要的旅游城币，终年常绿、四时花开，有“花城”美誉。文物古迹众多，有国家、省、市三级文物保护单位共１２０多处。南越王墓、光孝寺、六榕寺、怀圣寺等都有１０００多年的历史。此外，还有建于隋朝的南海神庙，明朝的五仙观、镇海楼、莲花塔，清朝的陈家祠、余荫山房；和近代革命历史纪念地有孙中山先生创办的黄埔军校、毛泽东同志主办的农民运动讲习所旧址、广州起义烈士陵园、黄花岗七十二烈士墓。中山纪念堂等。
改革开放以来，广州市国民经济持续快速健康发展，一跃成为全国经济最发达的特大城市之一。农村经济全面发展，在从传统农业向现代农业转化中形成了以生产鲜活农副产品为重点的城郊型格局；工业经济快速增长，以市场为导向，逐步形成了一个以轻加工工业为主，重工业有一定基础，配套能力较强，技术设备较为先进，外向型经济初具规模的工业生产体系；商贸、金融、旅游、信息等第三产业发展迅速，占国内生产总值的比重明显提高。经济体制向市场经济转变加快，初步构筑起类型齐全、辐射面广、开放程度高的市场体系框架。对外开放形成全方位、多层次、宽领域格局；外向型经济发展进入新阶段。城市建设步伐不断加快，市容市貌日新月异。围绕城市建设“一年一小变； 三年一中变，２０１０年一大变”的目标，城市建设和管理向规范化、法制化推进；城市形象和环境有巨大改观。
广州作为华南地区中心城市的吸引力、辐射力和综台服务功能不断增强，不仅成为全国具有较强活力的特大城市；而且也带动了珠江三角洲工业化发展和城市群的迅速崛起。
No.5:
Yungang Grottoes
The grottoes are located at the foot of Wuzhou Mountain 16km west of Datong.Hewn out of cliff sides in a honeycomb pattern, they were built some 1,500 years ago during the Northern Wei Dynasty when Buddhism was thriving.They stretch for a whole kilometer from east to west.Within four decades, a thousand grottoes and some one hundred thousand Buddhist statutes were completed together with large numbers of niches and colorful decorations.Today 51,000 statutes remain, the largest 17 meters high and the smallest two centimeters.Mount Wutai
Wutai, as its name indicates, consists of five platform-shaped peaks.Called the East, West, South, North and Central Platforms, they stand at altitudes of over 2,500 meters above sea level.The mountain contains as many as 48 temples, which began to be built there during the years 25-220 AD.Hundreds of monks can be seen performing active duties in the temples.It is a tourist area combining natural landscape, historical relics, ancient architecture, arts, Buddhist culture and folk customs, making it an ideal summer resort.Hanging Temple
Built on the cliff of the Golden Dragon Canyon at the foot of Mt.Heng, the temple has a history of more than 1,400 years.The only one of its kind and with the features of singularity, exquisiteness and being breathtaking, it heads the list of China’s ancient buildings.Xu Xiake, the famous traveler of the Ming Dynasty, described it as the most magnificent sight under heaven.No.6 天坛
在故宫东南方数公里处，有一座巨大的祭天神庙，这就是天坛。天坛的总面积是270万平方米，比故宫还要大4倍。中国的皇帝号称“天子”，也就是“天的儿子”。天子的居所自然不敢大过“老天”的了。
除“天”之外，中国皇帝还有许多神祗需要祭祀，包括地神、水神、农业神、军事神、社会神、宗教神、市民神以及自己的祖宗牌位。因此，祭祀活动是皇帝的主要工作，一年四季不断，时间消耗甚多，而皇家的祭祀建筑也遍及京城各地且各有特色，成为北京的一道奇特风景。
今日天安门东侧的劳动人民文化宫是皇帝祭祖的地方，西侧的中山公园是祭祀丰收神即五谷耕地之所。在整个北京城里，北有地坛祭地，南有天坛祭天，东有日坛祭太阳，西有月坛祭月亮，其中的天坛最为光彩夺目，气宇非凡。
The Temple of Heaven
a place where the earthly ruler talks to the heavenly emperor
About 2km southeast of the Forbidden City towers Tian Tan, or the Temple of Heaven, where dynastic rulers in China used to worship the heaven.The temple plus subsidiary buildings and a surrounding garden covers an area five times the size of the Forbidden City.As Chinese emperors called themselves Tianzi, or the son of heaven, they had to cede supremacy to the heaven in terms of abiding.Chinese emperors had many other gods to worship apart from the god of heaven, including the gods of earth, water and war.They also worshipped their ancestors.As a result, religious activities were an important part of their busy work schedule.Temples of various kinds are scattered in Beijing.The best-known are the Temple of Heaven in the south, the Temple of Earth in the north, the Temple of Sun in the east, and the Temple of the Moon in the west.The Temple of Heaven is the grandest of them all.Guide to Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Memorial Hall
Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Memorial Hall, a national major cultural relic of Guangdong Province, was designed by Mr.Lu Yanzhi, a reputable Chinese architect, and sponsored by the local people of Guangzhou and overseas Chinese to commemorate Dr.Sun Yat-sen, the great forerunner of Chinese revolution.The Hall saw its const-ruction started in 1929 and completed in 1931 at where the Presidential Pa-lace had been.Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Memorial Hall, an octagonal building with grand presence, features a strong Chinese style.The 52m-high main hall accounts for 12000m2 out of the total 6.3 hectares of the whole complex.It spans as wide as 71 meters in the absence of a single pillar, thanks to the designer's ingenious application of the architectural mechanics and structural combination of steel framework and ferroconcrete.The main hall holds a 15m-wide, 20m-deep stage and 3238 seats.Dr.Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall is one of most symbolic buildings of Guangzhou, and it is also a major site for great convention and performance, a tourist attraction to visitors from home and abroad.宝墨园
宝墨园位于番禺沙湾镇紫坭村，建于清末，占地五亩，毁于五十年代。一九九五年重建，历时六载，扩至一百多亩，集清官文化、岭南古建筑、岭南园林艺术、珠三角水乡特色于一体，建筑、园林、山水、石桥等布局合理，和谐自然，构成一幅幅美丽壮观的景色。
正门的白石仿石牌坊，雄伟巍峨，巧夺天工。园中陶塑、瓷塑、砖雕、灰塑、石刻、木雕等艺术精品琳琅满目。惊世之作，当数已列入大世界基尼斯之最的瓷塑浮雕《清明上河图》。巨幅砖雕《吐艳和鸣壁》工艺精湛。荔岛中的聚家阁金碧辉煌，雍容华丽，阁内供奉万世师表孔子铜像，供游人瞻仰。此阁与宝墨藏珍、龙图馆、赵泰来藏品馆等珍藏的古今名画、书法、陶瓷、铜器、玉器等，体现了中华民族文化源远流长，形成独特的人文景观，简直是一座园林艺术馆。
全园水景，堪称一绝。荔景湾、清平湖、宝墨湖与一千多米长河贯通，水清如镜，长流不息，三十多座石桥，横跨旖旎河湖之上。若驾画舫轻舟，逍遥放棹，仿似置身蓬瀛。清平湖上的紫洞舫有如一座水上艺术宫殿。湖面上，虹飞紫带；湖周围，绿柳侵烟；喜看锦鲤千千红浪涌，游人个个笑颜开。紫竹园里的紫竹溪，专供小孩玩水观鱼，更是儿童的欢乐天地。
宝墨园四时青翠，百卉丛开，园林花卉景点，有聚有散，步移景换，美不胜收。诸如荔岛凝丹、玉堂春瑞、柳剪春风、千年罗汉、桂苑浮香、群芳竞秀、古榕长荫、茶王双璧，令人百看不厌。万紫千红的玫瑰园，沁人心脾的荷花池，清幽高雅的兰圃，惠风和畅的紫竹林，使人赏心悦目，尤是避暑胜地。
园内的观景楼、风味馆、怡味馆、紫竹居等为游人提供番禺风味小食，有驰名的沙湾姜埋奶、紫坭鱼皮角、荔湾艇仔粥、家乡菜式等，丰俭由人。
畅游宝墨园，令你潇洒自如！俯仰间均可饱览岭南园林秀丽风光，使人心旷神怡，留连忘返。回味无穷。
Baomo Garden is situated in Zini Village, Shawan Town, Panyu City,With an area of 5mus ,it was built at the end of the Qing Dynasty.but destroyed in the fifties of the 20th century.It took the people 6 years to rebuild Baomo Garden since 1995 and,now it is expanded to more than one hundred mus,Baomo Garden consists of the culture of an upright official Baozheng,ancient buildings in SouthChina,traditional gardening arts of South China,and Waterside scenery in the Pearl River Delta.The buildings, the gardens.the hills ,the water and the bridges are distributed reasonably and naturally ,and they make all the grand sights.The stone archways at the entrance are an imitation of ancient buildings, It is a wonderful workmanship that looks grand and lofty.In the garden, there are numerous pottery carvings.porcelain carvings, brick carvings, clay carvings.stone carvings and wood carvings.Among them there are the porcelain sculpture “Riverside Scene of Qingming Festival ”which has bee listed in the Guinness Book of Records and the large refined artistic brick sculpture“Wall of Blooming Flowers With Singing Birds”,The gallery in the Litchi Island is resplendent and magnificent, Teere is the statue of ancient Chinese sage Confucius who is knwn as the teacher of human for the people to worship.with Baomo Treasure Hall, Long tu Hall, Baomo Hall.Ju Bao Hall,Zhaotailai Gallery.all these galleries collect the ancient and moderm famous pictures, calligraphy, pottery , porcelain, bronze and jade articles etc.which show the long history of the culture in China and form the special humane attractions ,It is realy a gardening gallery.The view of the water in the garden is unique.Such a Litchi View Bay.Qingping Lake and Baomo Lake are connected with more than one thousand meter running river, and the water are as clear as mirrors,make the fascinating inverted image of the whole garden.over 30bridges have been built acrodd the limpid rivers and lakes.If you sail a small boat freely ,you may feel like being in a fairyland.The Zidong pleasure boat on the Qingping Lake is Like a Palace of Art over the water.The Zidai Bridge is like a rainbow over the lake, the green willows are like the mist around the lake.You may enjoy watching the colourful carps moving about forming red waves and people having smiles o their faces.The Bamboo Garden is especially for the children to wade the small brook.to view and admire the fish ,It is a paradise of the children.With perennial greenery and various blosoming flowers,the garden poddesses so many different scenes that one can hardly take them all in ,wherever you go.youwill get quite a different view.Such as “the litchis 'ripe scene on the Litchi Island ”,willow dike, thousand year old podocarpus, banyan on both sides of the road, and camellias etc.all these are worth appreciation much more times.The colorful Rose Garden, the refreshing Lotus pool.the quiet and graceful Orchid Garden, the breezing Banboo Garden, bll these please both the eye and the mind.And they are especially nice for summer.The Viewing Tower,the Local restaurants, the Purple Bamboo House etc.provide the people with Panyu cuisine in flavors, such as the well known shawan Town ginger milk Zini Village fish skinned dumpling, Liwan boat porridge and a series of hometown cuisine.Coming to Baomo Garden ,you'll fully enjoy the beautiful scenery of the gardening in South China,you 'll be relaxed and happy so much as to forget to gohome and finally be led
Reference(单元参考资料)
仲伟合主编：《英语口译教程》（上下册），高等教育出版社，2005年版。崔永禄、孙毅兵主编的《新编英汉口译教程》，上海外语教育出版社，2005年版。
Feedback and Comments(反馈与评论)
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