第一篇：公务员职衔规范译法及国家机关名翻译
职衔职称的英语表达法
广播员，报幕员Announcer
立法机关 LEGISLATURE
中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
秘书长 Secretary-General
主任委员 Chairman
委员 Member
（地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress
政府机构 GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
国务院总理 Premier, State Council
国务委员 State Councilor
秘书长 Secretary-General
（国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for
（国务院各部）部长 Minister
部长助理 Assistant Minister
司长 Director
局长 Director
省长 Governor
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor 自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government
地区专员 Commissioner, prefecture
香港特别行政区行政长官 Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
市长/副市长 Mayor/Vice Mayor
区长 Chief Executive, District Government
县长 Chief Executive, County Government
乡镇长 Chief Executive, Township Government
秘书长 Secretary-General
办公厅主任 Director, General Office
（部委办）主任 Director
处长/副处长 Division Chief/Deputy Division Chief
科长/股长 Section Chief
科员 Clerk/Officer
发言人 Spokesman
顾问 Adviser
参事 Counselor
巡视员 Inspector/Monitor
特派员 Commissioner
外交官衔 DIPLOMATIC RANK
特命全权大使 Ambassador Extraordinary and plenipotentiary
公使 Minister
代办 Charge d’Affaires 临时代办 Charge d’Affaires ad Interim
参赞 Counselor
政务参赞 Political Counselor
商务参赞 Commercial Counselor
经济参赞 Economic Counselor
新闻文化参赞 Press and Cultural Counselor
公使衔参赞 Minister-Counselor
商务专员 Commercial Attaché
经济专员 Economic Attaché
文化专员 Cultural Attaché
商务代表 Trade Representative
一等秘书 First Secretary
武官 Military Attaché
档案秘书 Secretary-Archivist
专员/随员 Attaché
总领事 Consul General
领事 Consul
司法、公证、公安 JUDICIARY,NOTARY AND PUBLIC SECURITY
人民法院院长 President, People’s Courts
人民法庭庭长 Chief Judge, People’s Tribunals
审判长 Chief Judge
审判员 Judge 书记 Clerk of the Court
法医 Legal Medical Expert
法警 Judicial Policeman
人民检察院检察长 Procurator-General, People’s procuratorates
监狱长 Warden
律师 Lawyer
公证员 Notary Public
总警监 Commissioner General
警监 Commissioner
警督 Supervisor
警司 Superintendent
警员 Constable
政党 POLITICAL PARTY
中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
中央委员 Member, Central Committee
候补委员 Alternate Member
…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
党组书记 secretary, Party Leadership Group
社会团体 NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION 会长 President
主席 Chairman
名誉顾问 Honorary Adviser
理事长 President
理事 Trustee/Council Member
总干事 Director-General
总监 Director
工商金融 INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND BANKING COMMUNITIES
名誉董事长 Honorary Chairman
董事长 Chairman
执行董事 Executive Director
总裁 President
总经理 General Manager;C.E.O(Chief Executive Officer)
经理 Manager
财务主管 Controller
公关部经理 PR Manager
营业部经理 Business Manager
销售部经理 Sales Manager
推销员 Salesman
采购员 Purchaser
导演Director
演员Actor 画师Painter
指挥Conductor
编导Scenarist
录音师Sound Engineer
舞蹈编剧Choreographer
美术师Artist
制片人Producer
剪辑导演Montage Director
配音演员Dubber
摄影师Cameraman
化装师Make-up Artist
舞台监督Stage Manager
售货员Sales Clerk
领班Captain
经纪人Broker
高级经济师Senior Economist
高级会计师Senior Accountant
注册会计师Certified Public Accountant
出纳员Cashier
审计署审计长Auditor-General, Auditing Administration
审计师Senior Auditor
审计员Auditing Clerk 统计师Statistician
统计员Statistical Clerk
厂长factory Managing Director
车间主任Workshop Manager
工段长Section Chief
作业班长Foreman
仓库管理员Storekeeper
教授级高级工程师Professor of Engineering
高级工程师Senior Engineer
技师Technician
建筑师Architect
设计师Designer
机械师Mechanic
化验员Chemical Analyst
质检员Quality Inspector
高级农业师Senior Agronomist
农业师Agronomist
助理农业师Assistant Agronomist
农业技术员Agricultural Technician
中国科学院院长President, Chinese Academy of Sciences
主席团执行主席Executive Chairman
科学院院长President(Academies)学部主任Division Chairman
院士Academician
大学校长President, University
中学校长Principal, Secondary School
小学校长Headmaster, Primary School
学院院长Dean of College
校董事会董事Trustee, Board of Trustees
教务主任Dean of Studies
总务长Dean of General Affairs
注册主管Registrar
系主任Director of Department/Dean of the Faculty
客座教授Visiting Professor
交换教授Exchange Professor
名誉教授Honorary Professor
班主任Class Adviser
特级教师Teacher of Special Grade
研究所所长Director, Research Institute
研究员Professor
副研究员Associate Professor
助理研究员Research Associate
研究实习员Research Assistant
高级实验师Senior Experimentalist 实验师Experimentalist
助理实验师Assistant Experimentalist
实验员Laboratory Technician
教授Professor
副教授Associate Professor
讲师Instructor/Lecturer
助教Assistant
高级讲师Senior Lecturer
讲师Lecturer
助理讲师Assistant Lecturer
教员Teacher
指导教师Instructor
主任医师（讲课）Professor of Medicine
主任医师（医疗）Professor of Treatment
儿科主任医师Professor of Paediatrics
主治医师Doctor-in-charge
外科主治医师Surgeon-in-charge
内科主治医师Physician-in-charge
眼科主治医师Oculist-in-charge
妇科主治医师Gynaecologist-in-charge
牙科主治医师Dentist-in-charge
医师Doctor 医士Assistant Doctor
主任药师Professor of Pharmacy
主管药师Pharmacist-in-charge
药师Pharmacist
药士Assistant Pharmacist
主任护师Professor of Nursing
主管护师Nurse-in-charge
护师Nurse Practitioner
护士Nurse
主任技师Senior Technologist
主管技师Technologist-in-charge
技师Technologist
技士Technician
总编辑Editor-in-chief
高级编辑Full Senior Editor
主任编辑Associate Senior Editor
编辑Editor
助理编辑Assistant Editor
高级记者Full Senior Reporter
主任记者Associate Senior Reporter
记者Reporter
助理记者Assistant Reporter 编审Professor of Editorship
编辑Editor
助理编辑Assistant Editor
技术编辑Technical Editor
技术设计员Technical Designer
校对Proofreader
译审Professor of Translation
翻译Translator/Interpreter
助理翻译Assistant Translator/Interpreter
广播电视RADIO AND TELEVISION
电台/电视台台长Radio/TV Station Controller
播音指导Director of Announcing
主任播音员Chief Announcer
播音员Announcer
电视主持人TV Presenter
电台节目主持人Disk Jockey
省级机构有关人员职衔规范译法（英语）
一、中国共产党山西省委员会
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC
书记 Secretary 副书记 Vice Secretary
常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee
委员 Member
秘书长 Secretary-General
常务副秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
二、山西省人民代表大会常务委员会
The Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Shanxi Province
主任 Chairman
副主任 Vice-Chairman
秘书长 Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
委员 Member
三、省政府及有关部门
山西省人民政府
The People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省长 Governor
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
副省长 Vice Governor 秘书长 Secretary-General
常务秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General
副秘书长 Vice Secretary-General
厅长（局长、主任）Director-General
副厅长（副局长、副主任）Deputy Director-General
巡视员 Counsel
助理巡视员 Assistant Counsel
处长 Director of Division
副处长 Deputy Director
调研员 Consultant
助理调研员 Assistant Consultant
科长 Section Chief
副科长 Deputy Section Chief
主任科员 Principal Staff Member
副主任科员 Senior Staff Member
科员 Staff Member
办事员 Clerk
四、中国人民政治协商会议山西省委员会
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPPCC
主席 Chairman
副主席 Vice Chairman
常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee
委员 Member
秘书长 Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
五、山西省高级人民法院
The Higher People’s Court of Shanxi Province
院长 President
常务副院长 Executive Vice-President
副院长 Vice-President
审判委员会委员 Member of the Judicial Committee
审判员 Judge
助理审判员 Assistant Judge
书记员 Clerk
六、山西省人民检察院
The People’s Procuratorate of Shanxi Province
检察长 Procurator-General
副检察长 Deputy Procurator-General
检察委员会委员 Member of the Procuratorial Committee
检察员 Procurator
助理检察员 Assistant Procurator
书记员 Clerk
山西省政府机构英文译名
山西省政府机构英文译名
师晓华
山西省人民政府：The People’s Government of Shanxi Province
山西省人民政府办公厅： General Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府组成部门
省发展计划委员会： Development Planning Commission of Shanxi Province
省经济贸易委员会： Economic and Trade Commission of Shanxi Province
省教育厅：Department of Education of Shanxi Province
省科学技术厅： Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province
省公安厅： Department of Public Security of Shanxi Province
省国家安全厅： Department of State Security of Shanxi Province
省监察委员会（省纪检委）：Supervision Commission of Shanxi Province(Shanxi Commission for Discipline Inspection)
省民政厅：Department of Civil Affairs of Shanxi Province
省司法厅：Department of Justice of Shanxi Province 省财政厅：Department of Finance of Shanxi Province
省人事厅：Department of Personnel of Shanxi Province
省劳动和社会保障厅： Department of Labour and Social Security of Shanxi Province
省国土资源厅：Department of Land Resources of Shanxi Province
省建设厅： Department of Construction of Shanxi Province
省交通厅：Department of Communications of Shanxi Province
省水利厅：Department of Water Resources of Shanxi Province
省农业厅：Department of Agriculture of Shanxi Province
省林业厅：Department of Forestry of Shanxi Province
省商务厅：Department of Commerce of Shanxi Province
省文化厅：Department of Culture of Shanxi Province
省卫生厅：Department of Public Health of Shanxi Province
省计划生育委员会：Family Planning Commission of Shanxi Province
省审计厅：Department of Audit of Shanxi Province
省政府工作部门
省地方税务局：Bureau of Local Taxation of Shanxi Province
省环保局： Bureau of Environmental Protection of Shanxi Province
省广播电视局： Administration of Radio and Television of Shanxi Province
省体育局：Administration of Sports of Shanxi Province
省统计局：Statistics Bureau of Shanxi Province 省工商行政管理局：Administration of Industry and Commerce of Shanxi Province
省新闻出版局；Administration of Press and Publication of Shanxi Province
省质量技术监督局：Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of Shanxi Province
省药品监督管理局：Drug Administration of Shanxi Province
省旅游局：Tourism Administration of Shanxi Province
省民族宗教事务局：Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs of Shanxi Province
省粮食局：Grain Administration of Shanxi Province
省乡镇企业管理局：Township Enterprises Administration of Shanxi Province
省文物局：Cultural Relics Bureau of Shanxi Province
省国防科学技术工业办公室：Office of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense of Shanxi Province
省政府外事办公室：Foreign Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府机关事务管理局：Government Offices Administration of Shanxi Province
省农业机械管理局：Bureau of Agricultural Machinery Administration of Shanxi province
省物价局：Price Control Administration of Shanxi Province
省煤炭工业局：Bureau of Coal Industry of Shanxi Province
省法制办公室：Legislative Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府参事室：Counselor’s Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省监狱管理局：Prison Administrative Bureau of Shanxi Province
省公安厅交通管理局（交警总队）：Traffic Administration of Shanxi Public Security Department(Traffic Police Headquarters)
省地方铁路局：Local Railways Administration of Shanxi Province
省人民防空办公室：Civil Air Defense Office of Shanxi Province 省档案局：Archives Administration of Shanxi Province
省测绘局：Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of Shanxi Province
省公路局：Highway Bureau of Shanxi Province
省机械设备成套局：Machinery & Equipment Complete Sets Bureau of Shanxi Province
省万家寨引黄工程管理局：Administration Bureau of Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project of Shanxi Province
省地质勘查开发局：Bureau of Geological Surveys and Explorations of Shanxi Province
省煤田地质局：Bureau of Coal Geology of Shanxi Province
省煤炭基本建设局：Bureau of Coal Basic Construction of Shanxi Province
省改革和发展研究中心：Research Center of Reform and Development of Shanxi Province
省招生考试管理中心：Enrolment and Examination Administrative Center of Shanxi Province
省行政学院（省委党校）：School of Administration of Shanxi Proince(Party School of CPC Shanxi Provincial Committee)
山西日报社： Shanxi Daily Agency
省社会科学院： Shanix Academy of Social Sciences
省农业科学院：Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
省社会主义学院：Socialism Institute of Shanxi Province
中央部属单位：
新华社山西分社： Shanxi Xinhua News Agency
财政部驻山西财政监察专员办事处：Shanxi Resident Financial Supervision Office of Ministry of Finance
审计署驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Audit Office of CNAO(China National Audit Office)
中国证监会驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Office of China Securities Regulatory Commission
省通信管理局：Telecommunications Administration of Shanxi Province
省邮政局：Post Bureau of Shanxi Province
省气象局：Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province
省地震局：Seismological Bureau of Shanxi Province
省国税局：Shanxi Provincial Administration of State Bureau
省出入境检验检疫局：Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Shanxi Province
中国民航山西省管理局：Civil Aviation Administration of China, Shanxi Branch
省煤矿安全监察局：Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of Shanxi Province
第二篇：省级机构有关人员职衔规范译法(英语)
省级机构有关人员职衔规范译法（英语）
一、中国共产党山西省委员会
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC
书记 Secretary
副书记 Vice Secretary
常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee
委员 Member
秘书长 Secretary-General
常务副秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
二、山西省人民代表大会常务委员会
The Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Shanxi Province
主任 Chairman
副主任 Vice-Chairman
秘书长 Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
委员 Member
三、省政府及有关部门
山西省人民政府
The People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省长 Governor
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
副省长 Vice Governor
秘书长 Secretary-General
常务秘书长 Executive Vice Secretary-General
副秘书长 Vice Secretary-General
厅长（局长、主任）Director-General
副厅长（副局长、副主任）Deputy Director-General
巡视员 Counsel
助理巡视员 Assistant Counsel
处长 Director of Division
副处长 Deputy Director
调研员 Consultant
助理调研员 Assistant Consultant
科长 Section Chief
副科长 Deputy Section Chief
主任科员 Principal Staff Member
副主任科员 Senior Staff Member
科员 Staff Member
办事员 Clerk
四、中国人民政治协商会议山西省委员会
Shanxi Provincial Committee of the CPPCC
主席 Chairman
副主席 Vice Chairman
常务委员 Member of the Standing Committee
委员 Member
秘书长 Secretary-General
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
五、山西省高级人民法院
The Higher People’s Court of Shanxi Province
院长 President
常务副院长 Executive Vice-President
副院长 Vice-President
审判委员会委员 Member of the Judicial Committee
审判员 Judge
助理审判员 Assistant Judge
书记员 Clerk
六、山西省人民检察院 The People’s Procuratorate of Shanxi Province
检察长 Procurator-General
副检察长 Deputy Procurator-General
检察委员会委员 Member of the Procuratorial Committee
检察员 Procurator
助理检察员 Assistant Procurator
书记员 Clerk
山西省政府机构英文译名
山西省政府机构英文译名
师晓华
山西省人民政府：The People’s Government of Shanxi Province
山西省人民政府办公厅： General Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府组成部门
省发展计划委员会： Development Planning Commission of Shanxi Province
省经济贸易委员会： Economic and Trade Commission of Shanxi Province
省教育厅：Department of Education of Shanxi Province
省科学技术厅： Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province
省公安厅： Department of Public Security of Shanxi Province
省国家安全厅： Department of State Security of Shanxi Province
省监察委员会（省纪检委）：Supervision Commission of Shanxi Province(Shanxi Commission for Discipline Inspection)
省民政厅：Department of Civil Affairs of Shanxi Province
省司法厅：Department of Justice of Shanxi Province
省财政厅：Department of Finance of Shanxi Province
省人事厅：Department of Personnel of Shanxi Province
省劳动和社会保障厅： Department of Labour and Social Security of Shanxi Province
省国土资源厅：Department of Land Resources of Shanxi Province
省建设厅： Department of Construction of Shanxi Province
省交通厅：Department of Communications of Shanxi Province
省水利厅：Department of Water Resources of Shanxi Province
省农业厅：Department of Agriculture of Shanxi Province
省林业厅：Department of Forestry of Shanxi Province
省商务厅：Department of Commerce of Shanxi Province
省文化厅：Department of Culture of Shanxi Province
省卫生厅：Department of Public Health of Shanxi Province
省计划生育委员会：Family Planning Commission of Shanxi Province
省审计厅：Department of Audit of Shanxi Province
省政府工作部门
省地方税务局：Bureau of Local Taxation of Shanxi Province
省环保局： Bureau of Environmental Protection of Shanxi Province
省广播电视局： Administration of Radio and Television of Shanxi Province
省体育局：Administration of Sports of Shanxi Province
省统计局：Statistics Bureau of Shanxi Province
省工商行政管理局：Administration of Industry and Commerce of Shanxi Province
省新闻出版局；Administration of Press and Publication of Shanxi Province
省质量技术监督局：Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of Shanxi Province
省药品监督管理局：Drug Administration of Shanxi Province
省旅游局：Tourism Administration of Shanxi Province
省民族宗教事务局：Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs of Shanxi Province
省粮食局：Grain Administration of Shanxi Province
省乡镇企业管理局：Township Enterprises Administration of Shanxi Province
省文物局：Cultural Relics Bureau of Shanxi Province
省国防科学技术工业办公室：Office of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense of Shanxi Province
省政府外事办公室：Foreign Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府机关事务管理局：Government Offices Administration of Shanxi Province
省农业机械管理局：Bureau of Agricultural Machinery Administration of Shanxi province
省物价局：Price Control Administration of Shanxi Province
省煤炭工业局：Bureau of Coal Industry of Shanxi Province
省法制办公室：Legislative Affairs Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省政府参事室：Counselor’s Office of the People’s Government of Shanxi Province
省监狱管理局：Prison Administrative Bureau of Shanxi Province
省公安厅交通管理局（交警总队）：Traffic Administration of Shanxi Public Security Department(Traffic Police Headquarters)
省地方铁路局：Local Railways Administration of Shanxi Province
省人民防空办公室：Civil Air Defense Office of Shanxi Province
省档案局：Archives Administration of Shanxi Province
省测绘局：Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of Shanxi Province
省公路局：Highway Bureau of Shanxi Province
省机械设备成套局：Machinery & Equipment Complete Sets Bureau of Shanxi Province
省万家寨引黄工程管理局：Administration Bureau of Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project of Shanxi Province
省地质勘查开发局：Bureau of Geological Surveys and Explorations of Shanxi Province
省煤田地质局：Bureau of Coal Geology of Shanxi Province
省煤炭基本建设局：Bureau of Coal Basic Construction of Shanxi Province
省改革和发展研究中心：Research Center of Reform and Development of Shanxi Province
省招生考试管理中心：Enrolment and Examination Administrative Center of Shanxi Province
省行政学院（省委党校）：School of Administration of Shanxi Proince(Party School of CPC Shanxi Provincial Committee)
山西日报社： Shanxi Daily Agency
省社会科学院： Shanix Academy of Social Sciences
省农业科学院：Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
省社会主义学院：Socialism Institute of Shanxi Province
中央部属单位：
新华社山西分社： Shanxi Xinhua News Agency
财政部驻山西财政监察专员办事处：Shanxi Resident Financial Supervision Office of Ministry of Finance
审计署驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Audit Office of CNAO(China National Audit Office)
中国证监会驻太原特派办：Taiyuan Resident Office of China Securities Regulatory Commission
省通信管理局：Telecommunications Administration of Shanxi Province
省邮政局：Post Bureau of Shanxi Province
省气象局：Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province
省地震局：Seismological Bureau of Shanxi Province
省国税局：Shanxi Provincial Administration of State Bureau
省出入境检验检疫局：Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of Shanxi Province
中国民航山西省管理局：Civil Aviation Administration of China, Shanxi Branch
省煤矿安全监察局：Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of Shanxi Province
第三篇：我国家机构有关人员职衔规范译法
我国家机构有关人员职衔规范译法（英文）
一、全国人民代表大会常务委员会 STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS（NPC）委员长 CHAIRMAN 副委员长 VICE—CHAIRMAN 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 副秘书长 DEPUTY SECRETARY—GENERAL 委员 MEMBER 全国人民代表大会…委员会
…COMIMITTEE／COMMISSION OF THE NPC 主任委员 CHAIRMAN 副主任委员 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
二、中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S POLITICAL CON-SULTATIVE CONFERENCE（CPPCC）主席 CHAIRMAN 副主席 VICE—CHAIRMAN 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 常务委员 MEMBER OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE 政协全国委员会…委员会...COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CPPCC 主任委员 CHAIRMAN 副主任委员 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
三、中华人民共和国 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA（PRC）主席 PRESIDENT 副主席 VICE-PRESIDENT
四、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会 PRC CENTRAL MILITARY COMMISSION（CMC）主席 CHAIRMAN 副主席 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
五、最高人民法院 SUPREME PEOPLE’S COUT 院长 PRESIDENT 副院长 VICE—PRESIDENT 审判委员会委员 MEMBER OF THE JUDICIAL COMMITTEE 审判员 JUDGE 助理审判员 ASSISTANT JUDGE 书记员 CLERK
六、最高人民检察院 SUPREME PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE 检察长 PROCURATOR—GENERAL 副检察长 DEPUTY PROCURATOR—GENERAL 检察委员会委员 MEMBER OF THE PROCURATORIAL COMMITTEE 检察员 PROCURATOR 助理检察员 ASSISTANT PROCURATOR 书记员 CLERK
七、国务院 STATE COUNCIL 总理 PREMIER 副总理 VICE—PREMIER 国务委员 STATE COUNCILLOR 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 副秘书长 DEPUTY SECRETARY—GENERAL 中华人民共和国…部
MINISTRY OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 部长 MINISTER 副部长 VICE-MINISTER 部长助理 ASSISTANT MINISTER 中华人民共和国国家…委员会
STATE COMMISSION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 主任 MINISTER 副主任 VICE—MINISTER 国务院…办公室
OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 主任 DIRECTOR（MINISTER）
副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR（VICE—MINISTER）...银行 BANK 行长 GOVERNOR（OF THE CENTRAL BANK）PRESIDENT（OF OTHER BANKS）
副行长 DEPUTY GOVERNOR（OF THE CENTRAL BANK）VICE—PRESIDENT（OF OTHER BANKS）中华人民共和国审计署
AUDITING ADMINISTRATION OF THE PEOPLEIS REPUBLIC OF CHINA 审计长 AUDITOR—GENERAL 副审计长 DEPUTY AUDITOR—GENERAL …局 BUREAU 局长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL 副局长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 注：如是正部级或副部级局长，可在其职务后加括号注其级别；个别局的局长、副局长，如：专利局局长、副局长可用 COMMISSIONER，DEPUTY COMMISSIONER...署 ADMINISTRATION 署长 ADMINISTRATOR 副署长 DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR 国务院…室 OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 主任 DIRECTOR（MINISTER）
副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR（VICE—MINISTER）...总会 COUNCIL 会长 PRESIDENT 副会长 VICE—PRESIDENT 新华通讯社 XINHUA NEWS AGENCY 社长 DIRECTOR 副社长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR...院 ACADEMY 院长 PRESIDENT 副院长 VICE PRESIDENT …领导小组 LEADING GROUP 组长 HEAD
八、各部（委、办、局）内职务名称 POSITIONS OF DEPARTMENTS，OFFICES，BUREAUX OF MINISTRIES／COMMJSSIONS 办公厅主任 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF THE GENERAL OFFICE 副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 局长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A BUREAU 副局长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 厅长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A DEPARTMENT 副厅长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 司长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A DEPARTMENT 副司长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 处长 DIRECTOR OF A DIVISION 副处长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR 科长 SECTION CHIEF 副科长 DEPUTY SECTION CHIEF 主任科员 PRINCIPAL STAFF MEMBER 副主任科员 SENIOR STAFF MEMBER 巡视员 COUNSEL 助理巡视员 ASSISTANT COUNSEL 调研员 CONSULTANT 助理调研员 ASSTANT CONSULTANT 科员 STAFF MEMBER 办事员 CLERK
第四篇：我国家机构有关人员职衔规范译法(中英文对照)
我国家机构有关人员职衔规范译法（英文）
一、全国人民代表大会常务委员会 STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS（NPC）
委员长 CHAIRMAN 副委员长 VICE—CHAIRMAN 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 副秘书长 DEPUTY SECRETARY—GENERAL 委员 MEMBER 全国人民代表大会…委员会
…COMIMITTEE／COMMISSION OF THE NPC 主任委员 CHAIRMAN 副主任委员 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
二、中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会 NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S POLITICAL CON-SULTATIVE CONFERENCE（CPPCC）主席 CHAIRMAN 副主席 VICE—CHAIRMAN 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 常务委员 MEMBER OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE 政协全国委员会…委员会...COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE CPPCC 主任委员 CHAIRMAN 副主任委员 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
三、中华人民共和国 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA（PRC）主席 PRESIDENT 副主席 VICE-PRESIDENT
四、中华人民共和国中央军事委员会 PRC CENTRAL MILITARY COMMISSION（CMC）主席 CHAIRMAN 副主席 VICE—CHAIRMAN 委员 MEMBER
五、最高人民法院 SUPREME PEOPLE’S COUT 院长 PRESIDENT 副院长 VICE—PRESIDENT 审判委员会委员 MEMBER OF THE JUDICIAL COMMITTEE 审判员 JUDGE 助理审判员 ASSISTANT JUDGE 书记员 CLERK
六、最高人民检察院 SUPREME PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE 检察长 PROCURATOR—GENERAL 副检察长 DEPUTY PROCURATOR—GENERAL 检察委员会委员 MEMBER OF THE PROCURATORIAL COMMITTEE 检察员 PROCURATOR 助理检察员 ASSISTANT PROCURATOR 书记员 CLERK
七、国务院 STATE COUNCIL 总理 PREMIER 副总理 VICE—PREMIER 国务委员 STATE COUNCILLOR 秘书长 SECRETARY—GENERAL 副秘书长 DEPUTY SECRETARY—GENERAL 中华人民共和国…部
MINISTRY OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 部长 MINISTER 副部长 VICE-MINISTER 部长助理 ASSISTANT MINISTER 中华人民共和国国家…委员会
STATE COMMISSION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 主任 MINISTER 副主任 VICE—MINISTER 国务院…办公室
OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 主任 DIRECTOR（MINISTER）副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR（VICE—MINISTER）...银行 BANK 行长 GOVERNOR（OF THE CENTRAL BANK）PRESIDENT（OF OTHER BANKS）
副行长 DEPUTY GOVERNOR（OF THE CENTRAL BANK）VICE—PRESIDENT（OF OTHER BANKS）中华人民共和国审计署
AUDITING ADMINISTRATION OF THE PEOPLEIS REPUBLIC OF CHINA 审计长 AUDITOR—GENERAL 副审计长 DEPUTY AUDITOR—GENERAL …局 BUREAU 局长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL 副局长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 注：如是正部级或副部级局长，可在其职务后加括号注其级别；个别局的局长、副局长，如：专利局局长、副局长可用 COMMISSIONER，DEPUTY COMMISSIONER...署 ADMINISTRATION 署长 ADMINISTRATOR 副署长 DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR 国务院…室 OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL 主任 DIRECTOR（MINISTER）
副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR（VICE—MINISTER）...总会 COUNCIL 会长 PRESIDENT 副会长 VICE—PRESIDENT 新华通讯社 XINHUA NEWS AGENCY 社长 DIRECTOR 副社长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR...院 ACADEMY 院长 PRESIDENT 副院长 VICE PRESIDENT …领导小组 LEADING GROUP 组长 HEAD
八、各部（委、办、局）内职务名称 POSITIONS OF DEPARTMENTS，OFFICES，BUREAUX OF MINISTRIES／COMMJSSIONS 办公厅主任 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF THE GENERAL OFFICE 副主任 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 局长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A BUREAU 副局长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 厅长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A DEPARTMENT 副厅长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 司长 DIRECTOR—GENERAL OF A DEPARTMENT 副司长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR—GENERAL 处长 DIRECTOR OF A DIVISION 副处长 DEPUTY DIRECTOR 科长 SECTION CHIEF 副科长 DEPUTY SECTION CHIEF 主任科员 PRINCIPAL STAFF MEMBER 副主任科员 SENIOR STAFF MEMBER 巡视员 COUNSEL 助理巡视员 ASSISTANT COUNSEL 调研员 CONSULTANT 助理调研员 ASSTANT CONSULTANT 科员 STAFF MEMBER 办事员 CLERK 文教科技有关部门常见职衔与英文翻译
（大学）校长 President/Chancellor（大学）副校长 Vice President（大学）代理校长 Acting President（中学）校长 Principal（小学）校长 Head /Master 学院院长 Dean of College/Head of College 教务长 Dean/Director of Teaching Affairs 总务长 Director in Charge of General Affairs 系主任 Department Chairman /Department Head 教研室主任 Head of the Teaching and Research Section 实验室主任 Laboratory Chief 班主任 Discipline Class Adviser/Head Teacher 教授 Professor 副教授 Associate Professor 客座教授 Visiting Professor/Guest Professor 兼职教授 Part-time Professor 名誉教授 Honorary Professor 终身教授 Lifetime Professor 外籍教授 Foreign Professor 指导教师 Graduate Teacher/Research Supervisor 讲师 Lecturer/Instructor
新加坡政府部门职衔标准华文译名
ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S CHAMBERS 总检察署 Attorney-General 总检察长
Solicitor-General 副总检察长
Quality Service Manager 优质服务经理
LEGISLATION DIVISION 法律草拟司
Parliamentary Counsel 国会法律顾问
Head 司长
Deputy Head 副司长
Senior State Counsel 高级政府律师
Deputy Senior State Counsel 副高级政府律师
State Counsel 政府律师
Legal Executive 法律执行员
LAW REFORM AND REVISION DIVISION 法律改革与修正司
Head 司长
Deputy Head 副司长
State Counsel 政府律师
Senior Legal Executive 高级法律执行员
Legal Executive 法律执行员
CIVIL DIVISION 民事司
Head 司长
Deputy Head 副司长
State Counsel 政府律师
Senior Legal Executive 高级法律执行员
Legal Executive 法律执行员
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIVISION 国际事务司
Head 司长
Deputy Head 副司长
Deputy Senior State Counsel 副高级政府律师
State Counsel 政府律师
Legal Executive 法律执行员
The Legal Profession(International Services)Secretariat 法律专业（国际服务）秘书处
Deputy Senior State Counsel 副高级政府律师
State Counsel 政府律师
Legal Executive 法律执行员
Corporate Support Officer 行政辅助员
CRIMINAL JUSTICE DIVISION 刑事检控司
Head 司长
Director 处长
Senior State Counsel 高级政府律师
Deputy Senior State Counsel 副高级政府律师
State Counsel/Deputy Public Prosecutor 政府律师/副检察司
Assistant Public Prosecutor 助理检察司
Legal Executive 法律执行员
Criminal Justice Division Registry 刑事检控注册处
Chief Legal Executive 首席法律执行员
Senior Legal Executive 高级法律执行员
Legal/HR Executive 法律/人力资源执行员
AUDITOR-GENERAL’S OFFICE 审计署 Auditor-General 审计总长
Deputy Auditor-General 副审计总长
Assistant Auditor-General 助理审计总长
Quality Service Manager 优质服务经理
Public Relations Officer 公关联络员
ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT 行政部
ADMIN BRANCH 行政组
Assistant Auditor-General(Director, Budgeting for Results)助理审计总长（论绩预算署署长）
Assistant Auditor-General(Director of Personnel 1)助理审计总长（人事署署长 1）
Director(Director of Personnel 2)署长（人事署署长 2）
Finance Officer 财务员
Personnel Officer 人事事务员
Registry Officer 档案员
COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS BRANCH
Assistant Director 助理署长
Logistics Officer 后勤员
电脑资讯系统组
第五篇：翻译技巧 反译法
第八节反译法
由于讲英语国家的历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性与我国不同，因此 这些国家人们的思维方式和生活习性亦与我国不同。这种差别体现在语言习惯 七，便产生了两种语言各自不同的表达形式。在表示否定意义时，这种差异显得 尤为突出。有的英语句子形式上是否定的而实质上是肯定的，有的形式上是肯定 的而实质上是否定的。在翻译某些英文句子时，应当特别注意两点：一是英语里 有些从正面表达的词语或句子，汉译时可以从反面来表达，即正说反译法；二是 英语里有些从反面表达的词语或句子，汉译时可从正面来表达，即反说正译法。例如：
(1)The kind of machine is far from being complicated．
这种机器一点也不复杂。
这个句子如果译成“这种机器离复杂甚远”就使人感到不知所云。
(2)He wrote three books in the first two years，a record never reached before．
他头两年写了3本书，打破了以往的记录。
原文从反面表达，译文从正面表达。如译成“这是他从前从未达到的记录” 则显得很别扭。
(3)I have read your articles，but，expect to meet an older woman．
我读过你的文章，但没料到你这样年轻。
本句如译成“我读过你文章，但我料想会见到一个年纪更大的女人”则不符 合汉语表达习惯。
从以上例中可以看出，有些句子从正面译不顺，不妨从反面译；反面译不 顺，则不妨从正面译，因为同一个概念，一个民族正着说，以为是合乎表达习惯 的，而另一个民族则认为反着说才顺口。因此，在恰当的场合灵活运用反译法不 失为确保译文语义明晰、文从字顺的有效手段。
一、正说反译法
英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的。一 些语言学家称这些词为“含蓄否定词”，另一些语言学家则称之为“暗指否定 词”。英语中的含蓄否定词或含蓄否定短语一般都要译成汉语的否定词组。
(一)名词
（1、Shortness of time has required the omission of some countries．
由于时间不够，没能访问某些国家。
(2)All international disputes should be settled through negotiations and avoidance
of any armed conflicts．
一切国际争端应通过谈判，而不是武装冲突来解决。
(3 1 There was complete absence of information on t11e oil deposit in that country．
关于该国的石油储量情况，人们毫无所知。
(4)Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom，but the want of it always leaves
room for．the suspicion of folly．
尽管有礼貌并不一定标志着此人有智慧，但是无礼貌却总是使人怀疑其
愚蠢。
(5)A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs Can create
problems．
不注意文化差异或当地风俗可能会产生问题。
作为名词用的含蓄否定词还有：defiance(不顾，无视)，denial(否认，否 定)，exclusion(排除)，freedom(不，免除)，refusal(不愿，不允许)和loss(失去)等。(二)动词或动词短语
(1)Scientists reject authority as an ultimate basis for truth·
科学家不承认权威是真理的最终根据。
(2)Water is a good lubricant, if you can devise a way to keep it from leaking out or evaporating.如果能设法使水不漏出来或蒸发掉，那么水就是一种很好的润滑剂。
(3)English differ from French in having no gender for nouns.英语和法语不同，英语名词没有性的变化。
(4)To preserve the fiction，he refrained from scolding his son until the guests left.为了不漏破绽，他强忍着不责骂自己的儿子，直到客人们离去。
(5)An investment in the money market fund has tied up the money until the end
of the term of the investment．
投资于货币市场的资金在投资期满之前是不能动用的。
类似的动词还有refuse(不愿，不肯，无法)，lack(缺乏，没有)，defy(不
服从，不遵守，不让)，forbid(不许)，stop(不准)和ignore(不理，不肯考虑)等。
(三)形容词或形容词短语
(1)My younger brother would be the last man to say such things．
我弟弟决不可能说这种话。
(2)They were watching the fluid situation with concern．
他们关切地注视着动荡不安的局面。(3)It is said that it is only a marginal agreement．
据说．那只不过是一个无关宏旨的协议。
(4)These official documents shall form an integral part of this contract．
这些正式文件是合同不可分割的组成部分。
(5)These elements are shielded SO that they are free from the influence of
magnetic field．
这些元件已加屏蔽，因此不受磁场的影响。
类似的形容词及其短语还有：absent(不在，不到)，awkward(不熟练，不 灵活，使用起来不方便)，bad(令人不愉快的，不受欢迎的，不舒服的)，blind(看不到，不注意)，dead(无生命的，无感觉的，不毛的)，difficult(不容易 的)，：foreign to(不适合的，与„„无关)，short of(不够)和poor(不好的，不幸的)等。
(四)介词或介词词组
(1)That kind of thing is very extraordinary.It seems against nature.不过那种事情很不寻常，似乎不符合自然规律。
(2)These planes were held back to protect our home inlands instead of being used
where they were badly needed．
这些飞机被留在后方保卫后方本岛，未用于其他急需的地方。(3)It was beyond your power to sign such a contract．
你无权签订这种合同。
(4)It is generally believed that the men who are habitually behind time are as
habitually behind success．
人们普遍相信，习惯不准时的人通常也不会成功。
(5)Only one of us has ever gone to live in the village and he was back in town
within five months．
我们中只有一个人真正在乡村生活过，不过这个人待了不到5个月就返回了城里。(五)副词
(1)Slowly the old man pulled the letter out of the envelope，and unfolded it．
这位老人不慌不忙地从信封里抽出信纸，然后打了开来。
(2)The officers and soldiers blazed away until they had no ammunition left．
官兵们连续不断地射击，直到用尽所有的子弹。
(3)The subversion attempts of the enemy proved predictably futile．
不出所料，敌人的颠覆活动证明毫无效果。
(4)Time is what we want most，but what many use worst·
时间是我们最缺少的，但许多人却最不善于利用时间。
(5)So far，experts have had about the same degree of success as stock—market
forecasters，which is to say they do badly．
到目前为止，汇率预测专家的成功率与股票市场上的预测者大体一样，这就是说他们做得不好。(六)连接词及其短语
(1)He is too careful not to have noticed it．
他那么小心，不会不注意到这一点的。
(2)Unless English team improves their game，they are going to lose the match.如果英格兰队不改进打法，就会榆掉这场比赛。
(3)The old lady would rather be buried with her money under a mountain of rock
than trust another bank．
老太太宁可和她的钱一起被葬入石山下，也不再相信任何一家银行了。(4)Until he spoke I had not realized he was foreign．
他要是不说话，我还一直不知道他是外国人。(七)某些固定短语
(1)The restaurant was anything but satisfactory．
这家餐馆太不让人满意了。
(2)Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with
dignity．
双方认为，那个和平建议他们可以接受，而又不失体面。(3)1 was at a loss to understand what she alluded to．
我无法领会她谈话中的所指。(4)The escaped criminal is still at large．
逃犯仍未捉拿归案。
(5)The islanders in this small country found themselves far from ready to fight the war．
这个小国的岛民们发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。
(6)There are many energy sources in store．The problem has been to use the
energy at a reasonable cost．
有许多能源尚未开发。问题在于要以一个合理的代价利用这些能源。(八)句子
(1)Let me watch you at it again．
再让我逮着，可饶不了你。
(2)If it worked once，it Can work twice．
一次得手，再次不愁。
(3)It’S human nature to want something better．
人总是不满足于现状。
(4)We are wiser than to believe such stories．
我们还不至于蠢到竟然相信这种谎言。
(5)Her grandfather is already 80，but he carries his years lightly
她祖父已80岁了，可是并不显老。
(九)某些含有否定意义的谚语和警句
英语中有些谚语和警句翻成汉语时，也可采用正说反译法，尽可能用简练的 汉语或相应的汉语成语来表达。例如：
(1)Seeing is believing．
百闻不如一见。
(2)Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven．
宁为鸡头，不为牛后。
(3)Let sleeping dog lie．
莫惹事生非。
(4)Bite off more than one Can chew·
贪多嚼不烂。
(5)Call a spade a spade．
直言不讳。
(6)A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
二、反说正译法
反说正译法指的是将英语中有些与not等否定词连用的词语或带有否定词缀 的词语译成汉语的肯定形式。这样做有时是为了将原文中某些否定形式所具有的 肯定含义清楚地表达出来；在另外一些时候也许是为了将译文组织得更加自然流 畅。当然，也常常可能两种目的兼而有之。(一)名词
(1)It was said that someone had sown discord among us.据说有人在我们中间挑拨离间。
(2)The dishonesty of the government officials was exposed by the newspaper.政府官员们的欺诈行为在报纸上披露了出来。(3)A look of disbelief replaced the smile on her face．
怀疑的神色取代了她脸上的微笑。
(4)He manifested a strong dislike for his mother’s job．
他对他母亲的工作表示出强烈的厌恶情绪。(5)These slums ale a disgrace to the city government.这些贫民窟是市政府的耻辱。
(6)They were puzzled by the sudden disappearance of their guide.他们向导的突然失踪使他们感到困惑不解。
(7)There has been serious disagreement between the two countries over this
question．
关于这个问题两个国家之间存在着严重分歧。(二)动词
(1)T}le employer could dismiss any employee who had ever displeased him·
雇主可以解雇任何曾得罪过他的雇员。(2)How he longed to unsay his tactless words!
他多么希望收回他那些不得体的话啊!(3)The mother gently disengaged her hand from that of her sleeping daughter·
母亲小心翼翼地从熟睡的女儿手里抽出自己的手。
(4)We are now unprovided with the techniques necessary for the manufactoring of
rags into paper．
我们目前缺乏用破布造纸所需的技术。
(5)The thief jumped over a neighboring garden wail and disappeared among the crowds．
这个小偷从邻居的花园墙头上翻了出去，在人群中消失了。(三)形容词
(1)This kind of bird is unusual winter visitors to America.这种鸟冬季很少到美国来。
(2)It was inconsiderate of her to mention the matter in his hearing.她实在轻率，竞当着他的面谈论此事。(3)All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。
(4)APEC will have to be non-discriminatory and it will have to seek to be open
rather than closed in its approach．
亚太经济合作组织必须一视同仁，而且态度上必须是开放的，而不是封闭的。(5)Peter was an indecisive sort of person and could not be a good leader.彼得这人优柔寡断，当不了好领导。(四)副词
(1)The show was，unfortunately，one of the dullest we have ever seen.可惜的是，这次演出是我们所看过的最乏味的演出。(2)She carelessly glanced through the note and got away.她马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。(3)All things invariably divide into two．
事物都是一分为二的。
(4)“I don't know if I ought to have come，”he said breathlessly，grasping Sandy’s arm．
“我不知道我该不该来”，他气喘吁吁地说，一把抓住了桑迪的胳膊。(5)Johnson believed that the Minister of Education had in fact dishonorably
resigned from office．
约翰逊认为该教育部长辞职实际上是很丢面子的。(五)短语
(1)His escape was nothing short of being miraculous·
他的脱险可以说是个奇迹。
(2)The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of lung cancer.调查结果清清楚楚地说明，人死于肺癌。
(3)It would be foolish，not to say mad，to sell your house.你要卖房子真蠢，简直是疯了。(4)There is nothing like mineral water to quench one’s thirst．
矿泉水是解渴的最好饮料。
(5)She meant to help，no doubt，but in fact she has been a hindrance．
她的的确确是想帮忙的，可实际上却成了累赘。(6)The enemy’s spies were not going to lose sight of us．
敌人的密探一直在监视我们的行踪。
(7)A11 men between 18 and 45 without exception are expected to serve in the
army during the War．
所有18岁至45岁的男子统统要在战时服役。(六)句子
(1)For many years there was no closeness between the two countries．
两国关系曾疏远了很多年。
(2)The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us．
这些事件引起了我们的注意。
(3)The United Nations Organization has not，so far，justified the hopes which the
people of the world set on it．
到目前为止，联合国辜负了世界人民寄予的希望。
(4)A book may be compared to your neighbor；if it be good，it cannot last too
long；if bad，you cannot get rid of it too early．
书好比邻居，如果是本好书，相伴得越久越好；如果是本坏书，越早摆脱掉越好。(5)Knowledge about the most powerful computers man has ever developed is too
valuable not to share．
人类已经开发出功率极大的计算机，这方面的知识极为宝贵，应为人类共享。
三、英语中的双重否定旬
英语中的双重否定句，除了有时可以译成汉语的双重否定句外，一般说来应 译成肯定句。不过，它是一种特殊的强调句式。以have to(不得不)为例，两个 “不”字去掉以后意思不变，但语气强度就差多了。例如：
(1)There is no evil without compensation．
恶有恶报。
(2)There is not any advantage without disadvantage．
有一利必有一弊。
(3)There is no grammatical rule than has no exception．
条条语法规则都有例外。(也可译为“世上没有不例外的语法规则”。)
(4)It never rains but pours．
不雨则已．雨必倾盆。
(5)The charging of a condenser from a battery is not unlike the filling of a tank
from all oil reservoir．
电池给电容器充电就像油罐给油箱加油一样。
(6)We can’t be too careful in doing this kind of experiment．
我们在做这类实验时应尽可能小心。(也可译为“我们在做这类试验时
无论怎样小心也不过分”。)(7)I 8nl not reluctant to accept your proposal．
我非常愿意接受你的建议。(也可译为“你的建议我并非不愿接受”。)当然，有的英语双重否定句译为汉语的双重否定句更为通顺。(1)There is no story without coincidence．
无巧不成书。
(2)The significance of this report and importance Can never be overemphasized．
这个报告的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调，也不算过分。
四、委婉式肯定
英语中的这种句子是一种迂回的表示肯定的方式，字面上看似否定，实际上 是委婉的肯定。例如：
(1)I couldn’t feel better·
我感觉好极了。
(2)He can’t see you quickly enough-
他很想尽快和你见面。
(3)I couldn’t agree with you more-
我太赞成你的看法了。
f41 He didn’t half like the girl-
他非常喜欢那姑娘。
五、否定的陷阱
英语中的一些否定结构如果按字面意义理解很容易出错，这些结构我们称之 为“否定的陷阱”。下面就是一些有代表性的结构。(一)cannot„too(怎么„„也不)(1)You cannot be too careful in proofreading.校对时，越仔细越好。
(2)We shall never be able to stress too much for his kindness.不管我们怎么感谢他，都不足以报恩于万一。
(3)The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated 这次大会的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。(二)not„because(并非因为„„而)(1)Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time．
不要因为时间紧而敷衍搪塞。
(2)This project is not placed last because it is difficult to be put into practice
此方案并非因为它不好实施而被放在最后。
(3)The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished．
发动机并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转的。(三)for all„(尽管„„，不，说不定)(1)You may leave at once for all I care．
你尽可立即离去，我才不管呢。
(2)For all we knew，the files we were supposed to fetch were already on
their way．
说不定该由我们去取的文件已在途中。
(3)She seemed as fresh as ever，for all that I never saw her drink or eat．
尽管我从未见到她喝点什么或吃点什么，她似乎仍然精神饱满。(四)both„not(并非两者„„都)(1)Both the instruments are not precision ones.这两件东西不都是精密仪器。(2)But you see，we both cannot go together．
但是我告诉你，我们俩不能同时都走。(五)all／every„not(并非„„都)(1)All towns did not look like as they do today．
在过去，城镇并不都像今天这样个个千篇一律。(2)All that glitters is not gold．
发光的并一定都是金子。
(六)It be+a．+n．+that„(再„„也难免)(1)It is all ill wind that blows nobody good．
坏事未必对人人都有害处。(也可译为“再坏的事也不是对人人都有害处”。)(2)It is a good workman that never blunders．
智者千虑，必有一失。(也可译为“再聪明的工匠也难免出错”。)(3)It is a long lane that had no end．
路必有弯。(也可译为“再长的胡同也有尽头”。)最后值得一提的是，在英汉翻译过程中，反译法的使用必须要针对具体情况 灵活掌握，切不可一概而论，机械套用。有些英语词语或句子正译、反译皆可，两者并无实质性差别，究竟采用何种译法主要依据个人行文习惯或视具体的上下文而定。
(1)We have found your terms and conditions agreeable．
译文l：我们同意你方条款。
译文2：我们对你方条款没有异议。
(2)Much to our regret，the packing of the landed goods is quite different from
that you have promised．
译文l：十分遗憾，到货的包装与贵方承诺的相差很大。
译文2．十分遗憾，到货的包装与贵方承诺的大不相同。
(3)The works of art were left intact，the money gone·
译文l：艺术品还在，钱却不翼而飞。
译文2：艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而飞。
1．将下列句子译成汉语，并注意将斜体部分反说正译。(1)The doubt was still unsolved after our repeated explanations·
(2)We are not completely satisfied with your manner of doing business·
(3)After the ship unloads at the dock，the goods will go to the container freight(4)Students，with no exception，are to hand in their papers tomorrow afternoon．(5)The thought of returning to our native land never deserted us at that time．
(6)It is generally believed that there is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise．(7)The system of gas supply in the city leaves nothing to be desired．(8)The significance of these incidents wasn't lost on them．
(9)Their undisguised effort to persecute the leaders of opposition party met with
nationwide condemnation．
(10)Suddenly she heard a sound behind her，and realized she was not alone in the room.2．将下列句子译成汉语，并注意将斜体部分正说反译。
(1)While trade is good in my company，money is very tight at present.(2)The Foreign Minister doubted the desirability of a negotiation to be held at that time．
(3)Charles dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the 0ld man．
(4)In your eagerness to secure profits，you have failed to give due consideration to the sellers’ standpoints．
(5)If the weather holds a few days，the team of the explorers will set off．
(6)While I liked his work，I pointed out areas where improvement was possible．(7)In the event of any contingencies beyond our control，we shall not be held
responsible for the late delivery of the goods．
(8)In the absence of a settlement through negotiation，the case under dispute call be
submitted to arbitration．
(9)Cowards die many times before their death；the valiant never taste of death but
0nce．
(10)One of the advantages of the fibre-optic communications is freedom from direct
effect of interfering radio transmission．
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