英文中关于“缘分”的译法及例句

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第一篇:英文中关于“缘分”的译法及例句

英文中关于缘分的译法及例句

“缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:

1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)

Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate.(W.J.F.Jenner 译)

2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)

It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)

3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)

Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad.I‘ve never met the right one.(S.Shapiro 译)

4.她无缘,小生薄命。(《西厢记》)

She lacks the karma;I‘m out of luck.(S.H.L.Idema 译)

5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)

My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.(M.Robers 译)

6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)

But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy!(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)

7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)

You are like a matching lute and zither set.You can appreciate each other‘s music.Fate has been too unkind to allow me

such blessings.If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life.(D.C.& V.H Mair 译)

8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。

(《围城》)

Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to “raise the bowl To the eyebrows.” I hope some other lucky guy falls in love

with you.(J.Kelly、N.K.Mao 译)

可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。

然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M.Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:

9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。

Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem.But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals;be disqualified for the finals)即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:

11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?

This is very strange.So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai.It seems

that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s.(林语堂 译)

关于“缘份”的英语

缘分 predestined relationship

缘 reason;cause;sake,relationship,edge;fringe,climb

无缘无故地 for no reason at all

世上没有无缘无故的爱,也没有无缘无故的恨。There is absolutely no such thing as love or hatred without any reason or cause.不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。I can“t tell the true shape of Lu Shan because I myself am on the mountain.花径不曾缘客扫。The garden path has never been cleared for the visit of a guest.血缘 blood relationship

人缘 relations with people

姻缘 predestined marriage

前世因缘 predestination

天赐良缘 a godsent marriage;a good marriage arranged in Heaven

天缘巧合 a luck coincidence

投缘的街坊们 congenial neighbors

化缘 beg for alms

有人缘 enjoy great popularity

喜结良缘 tie the nuptial knot

缔结姻缘 form marital tie

聊得投缘 talk congenially

有缘结识某人 be lucky to get acquainted with sb.无缘结识某人 have no opportunity to get acquainted with sb.与某人有一面之缘 happen to have met sb.once

婚姻是缘分。A couple”s conjugal fate is prearranged.他们的结合是美满的姻缘。Their wedlock is a happy marriage.有缘终相逢。Fate brings together people who are far apart.无缘不相逢。There is no meeting without predestination.我与烟酒无缘。Smoking and drinking don“t appeal to me.好事似乎与他无缘。Good luck seemed to be wholly denied to him.千里姻缘一线牵。Two beings destined to marry each other, though thousands of miles apart, are tied together with an invisible red thread by an old man under the moonlight.他们俩有情无缘。The are attracted to each other but are not fated to be conjugally tied.机缘凑巧,我找到一份工作。As luck would have it, I found a job.有缘千里来相会,无缘对面不相逢。As decreed by providence you have met him;otherwise you might have failed although you traveled a long way.我发现班里有几个同学和我挺投缘。I found quite a few classmates congenial to me.我在班里有人缘。I am popular with my classmates.真遗憾,我们一直无缘相见。It is a pity that we have no opportunity to meet each other.兄弟及表兄弟有血缘关系联系着。Brothers and cousins are united by ties of

consanguinity.他化缘为生。He followed the life of a mendicant.为盖新厂房他四处化缘。He went about seeking financial help from the sponsers to build new workshops.外缘 outer fringes

攀援 climb up

缘木求鱼 climb up a tree to look for fish

他若想那样解决问题,无异缘木求鱼。He would be milking a bull if he tried to settle the prblem that way.有巨人的肩膀可攀缘,侏儒看得比巨人还远。The dwarf sees farther than the giant, when he has the giant”s shoulders to mount on.缘故 reason;cause;sake

缘由 reason;cause

“缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:

1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)

Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate.(W.J.F.Jenner 译)

2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)

It„s partly fate, and partly a case of “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)

3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)

Who says there isn„t? It„s just that my marriage luck has been bad.I„ve never met the right one.(S.Shapiro 译)

4.她无缘,小生薄命。(《西厢记》)

She lacks the karma;I„m out of luck.(S.H.L.Idema 译)

5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)

My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.(M.Robers 译)

6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)

But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy!(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)

7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)

You are like a matching lute and zither set.You can appreciate each other„s music.Fate has been too unkind to allow me

such blessings.If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life.(D.C.& V.H Mair 译)

8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。

(《围城》)

Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren„t meant to “raise the bowl To the eyebrows.” I hope some other lucky guy falls in love

with you.(J.Kelly、N.K.Mao 译)

可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。

然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M.Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:

9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。

Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem.But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals;be disqualified for the finals)即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:

10.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?

This is very strange.So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band„s literary name is Sanbai.It seems that your life is always bound up with the Bai„s.(林语堂 译)

第二篇:英 译 汉 非谓语动词的译法

英 译 汉 非谓语动词的译法

一、英 译 汉 非谓语动词的译法

英语中非谓语动词包括分词、不定式和动名词。动名词与名词具有类似的功能,在翻译时可以参考名词性从句或抽象名词的译法, 下面, 我们主要通过一些实例说明动词不定式和分词的翻译方法。

例1.Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of having no religious values.美国人不喜欢被称为物质主义者, 因为他们认为指控他们只重物质利益, 没有宗教价值观是不公正的。(不定式作宾语)

例2.The writer's purpose may be simply to inform, or to make readers aware of similarities or differences that interesting and significant in themselves.作者的目的或许只是想告诉读者或者让读者意识到(存在于比较对象之间的)很有趣、值得注意的相似和不同之处。(不定式作表语)

例3.The aim of science is to describe the world in orderly language, in such a way that we can, if possible, foresee the results of those alternative courses of action between which we are always choosing.科学的目的在于用规律的语言来描述世界。这样, 如果可能的话, 我们就能预见到可供选择的两个行动方案的结果。我们经常遇到这种选择。(不定式作表语)

例4.It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows.科学家要做的事就是积累有关宇宙和宇宙中的一切事物的知识, 而且要是可能的话, 找出那些既能构成科学家所知事实的基础, 又能解释这些事实的共同因素。(不定式作主语)

例5.It is a difficult task to compare two systems of education which stem from different roots and often produce contrasting effects.两种教育制度体系源于不同的根基, 并常常产生对照鲜明的不同效果, 因而,要将它们作一比较, 确非易事。(不定式作主语)

例6.This tendency to escalate a situation into its worst possible conclusion is what I called awfulizing, and it can be a key factor in tipping the balance toward, illness or health.把一种情况逐渐地想象为最坏的结果, 我称之为“杞人犹天”, 这或许能打破你体内平衡, 或使你患病, 或使你健康。(不定式作定语)

例7.As never before, the nations of the world demonstrated a willingness to put aside ideological and individual differences to confront a common threat.世界各国决心要把意识形态分歧和各自的不同意见放在一边而来正视这个共同的威协, 这在以前从来没有过。(不定式作定语)

例8.To communicate precisely what you want to say, you will frequently need to define key words.要准确表达想要表达的内容, 就经常需要对关键词进行释义。(不定式作状语)

例9.To make calculations manageable even by computers, most of the models suppose either that the oceans are a shallow, motionless swamp or that they don't exist at all.为了使这些计算甚至可以用普通的计算机来处理, 大多数模型要么假设海洋是既浅又静止的沼泽, 要么假设它们根本不存在。(不定式作状语)例10.We can have greater confidence in the reality of a healing system that is beautifully designed to meet most of its problems.我们对下述事实应抱有充分而信心: 人体的健康机制十分精妙, 足以应付大部分疾病。(不定式作状语)

例11.Having disproved and disputed the theory for more than two decades, some biologists are now embarking an undertaking to interpret it in a new approach.20多年来, 某些生物学家一直对该理论持否定与争议的态度, 现在他们正在开始一项研究, 以新的方法解释这一理论。(现在分词做状语)

例12.The first cause of the liberation of women was the development of effective birth-control methods, freeing women from the endless cycle of childbearing and rearing.妇女的解放首先起因于有效的节育措施的出现, 从而将女人从生养孩子的无尽循环中解放出来。(现在分词做状语)

例13.At every crossways on the road that leads to the future, each progressive spirit is opposed by thousands of men appointed to guard the past.在通往未来道路的每一个十字路口上, 每一个具有进步思想的人都会遭到受命维护过去的千千万万名卫道士的反对。(过去分词做定语)

例14.The very first flight of Spacelab, manned by an international team of scientist-astronauts, demonstrated that a Nobel-prize-winning theory on the function of the inner ear was incorrect.正是这第一座由跨国科学家和宇航员操作的太空试验站, 证明了一项曾获诺贝尔奖的关于人体内耳作用的理论是不正确的。(过去分词做定语)

例15.But the details of this movement--what causes it, how it relates to other processes occurring in the ocean at the same time, and how it interacts with the earth's atmosphere--remain sketchy.但这种洋流的详细情况--诸如什么导致了这种洋流, 它与伴随它的其他海洋特征有什么联系以及它与地球的大气是怎样相互作用的--都还不太清楚。(现在分词做定语)

二、英 译 汉 状语从句的译法

英语状语从句表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等, 英语状语从句用在主句后面的较多, 而汉语的状语从句用在主句前的较多, 因此, 在许多情况下, 应将状语从句放在主句前面。下面我们通过一些实例说明它们常用的翻译方法。

例1.When the levels reached 6 percent the crew members would become mentally confused, unable to take measures to preserve their lives.当含量达到6%时, 飞船上的人员将会神经错乱, 无法采取保护自己生命的措 施。(时间状语从句)

例2.When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”.(83年考题)当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色 色的东西来。(时间状语从句)

例3.When tables and other materials are included, they should be conveniently placed, so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.当书中列有表格或其他参考资料时, 应当将这些内容编排在适当的位置, 以便 使学生在查阅时, 不必翻太多的书页。(时间状语从句)

例4.This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to contradict what the “law” would lead one to expect.每当发现一个事实使人感到与该定律应得出的预期结论相矛盾的时候, 就发生这种情况。(时间状语从句)

例5.Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a 'valid' or 'fair' comparison.(92年考题)既然对智力的评估是比较而言的, 那么我们必须确保, 在对我们的对象进行比 较时, 我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。(原因状语从句)

例6.The policies open to developing countries are more limited than for industrialized nations because the proper economies respond less to changing conditions and administrative control.由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些, 政府对这种经济的控制作 用也小一些, 所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性。(原因状语从句)

例7.For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.(95年考题)例如, 他们(测试)并不对社会总的不平等作出补偿, 因此, 测试不能告诉我们, 一个社会地位低下的年轻人如果生活在较为优越的条件下, 会有多大的才能。(结果状语从句)

例8.It also plays an important role in making the earth more habitable, as warm ocean currents bring milder temperatures to places that would otherwise be quite cold.由于温暖的洋流能把温暖的气候带给那些本来十分寒冷的地区并使之变暖, 因此, 海洋在使我们这个地球更适合人类居住方面也扮演一个重要的角色。(原因状语从句)

例9.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio.(84年考题)电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要, 而且现在人们认为电是想当然的事, 所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时, 就很少再去想一想电是怎么来的。(结果状语从句)

例10.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.(92年考题)如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话, 那么我们对所有被比较者来说, 前两个因素必须是一致的。(条件状语从句)

例11.Although television was developed for broadcasting, many important uses have been found that have nothing to do with it.虽然电视是为了广播而发明的, 但是电视还有许多与广播无关的重要用途。(让步状语从句)

例12.Though the cost of the venture would be immense, both in labour and power, many believe that iceberg towing would prove less costly in the long run than the alternative of desalination of sea water.这种冒险的代价, 不管是在人力还是在能源消耗方面, 都将是巨大的。然而, 许多人认为, 冰山牵引最终会证明比选择海水脱盐法花费要少。(让步状语从句)

例13.Therefore, although technical advances in food production and processing will perhaps be needed to ensure food availability, meeting food needs will depend much more on equalizing economic power among the various segments of populations within the developing countries themselves.因此, 尽管也许需要粮食生产和加工方面的技术进步来确保粮食的来源, 满足粮食需求更多的是取决于使发展中国家内部的人口各阶层具有同等的经济实力。(让步状语从句)

例14.Whether the characters portrayed are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends.无论书中描述的角色来自真实生活还是来自纯粹的想象, 他们都可能成为我们的伙伴和朋友。(让步状语从句)

例15.By many such experiments Galileo showed that, apart from differences caused by air resistance, all bodies fall to the ground at the same speed, whatever their weight is.伽利略经过多次这类实验证明, 一切物体, 不论其重量如何, 除了因空气阻力引起的差别外, 都是以同样的速度落向地面的。(让步状语从句)

三、英 译 汉 定语从句的译法

定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,两类定语从句在翻译方法上基本类似, 因此我们把它们放在一起介绍。在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法:

一、前 置 法

把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。

一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用得普遍。例如: 例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.例如, 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象, 并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。

例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.(92年考题)如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话, 那么对所有被比较者来说, 前两个因素 必须是一样的。

例3.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety.第一种方法是同义词法, 即给出一个与需要释义的词在意义上几乎相同的, 如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety.例4.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.(90年考题)相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有利条件而造成的。

例5.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations.(94年考题)科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式, 也就是对一切现象进行 思考并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。

例6.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童,上托儿所可以得到很多的益处。

二、后 置 法

当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是: 若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省略, 则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。

例1.All the water that flows through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster.在一秒钟内流过粗管子的全部水量, 一定会以某种方式通过细管子, 这只有靠加快流速才能做到。例2.Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand.也许,光是某种电波,其性质我们尚不清楚。

例3.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的, 在过去,许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

例4.This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.(91年考题)这种困境将是确定无疑的, 因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方法继续下去了, 而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

例5.“In short”, a leader of the new school attends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”(94年考题)新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简而言之, 我们所称谓的科学革命, 主要指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用, 这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。

例6.The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.(91年考题)食品的供应将赶不上人口的增长, 这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。

三、翻译成状语从句

英语中有些定语从句, 兼有状语从句的职能, 在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系, 说明原因、结果、让步、假设等关系, 翻译时应善于从英语原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系, 然后翻译成汉语中相应的偏正复合句。例如: 例1.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。

例2.However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel and much more money.不过, 对某些国家来讲, 用冰山化水比海水脱盐相比, 费用可能极为便宜, 因 为脱盐过程需要更多燃料和更多的资金。

例3.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.如果认为理性知识不必由感性知识得来, 那他就是一个唯心主义者。

例4.„it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process.(88年考题)„„直到60年前人们才找到开采铝矿的方法, 从而使低成本、大规模冶炼金属铝成为可能。

例5.In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories.(85年考题)在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。例6.Liquids, which contains no free electrons, are poor conductors of heat.各种液体, 由于不含有自由电子, 是热的不良导体。

我们讲了定语从句的各种翻译方法,在这里我们还需要提醒大家,在翻译含有定语从句的句子时,我们应该特别注意在分析句子的结构上面下工夫,务必要搞清定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。下面我们结合一个实例加以说明:

In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.曾经有人把这个句子翻译为:

事实上,在睡眠期间仍有一定基本量的活动,这种睡眠特别与防止肌肉活动有关。

在判断上述翻译的正误之前,我们首先分析一下这个句子中的定语从句所修饰的先行词,在这个句子中which引导的定语从句有两个可能被修饰的成分:a basic amount of movement和sleep, 一般来讲,定语从句往往修饰离它最近的那个名词,但是在这个句子中,却不是这样,因为,如果是修饰sleep, 我们就会翻译成上面的句子,但是从句子的意义来看讲不通,因此,这个定语从句是修饰前面的a basic amount of movement应该翻译为:

事实上,在睡眠期间仍有一定基本量的活动,这种活动特别与防止肌肉活动中断有关。

由此我们可以看出,确定定语从句的先行词是极为重要的,做出正确的判断的关键在于分析句子的结构和熟悉划线的句子所出现的上下文。另外,我们还需要注意一些比较复杂的定语从句结构,也就是那些定语从句里又含有定语从句的情况,在翻译这类句子时我们应该注意灵活运用我们在前面讲述的一些翻译技巧,尤其要注意分析各个定语从句之间的关系,例如:

Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.(90年考题)

上面句子的骨干结构为:Behaviourists suggest that the child „ will experience „ development, 这是一个复合句,在that所引导的宾语从句中,在主语child的后面是一个由who引导的定语从句,在在这个定语从句中又有一个由where引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词environment, 然后在这个定语从句中又有一个由which引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词stimuli, 这就构成了一个一套三的定语从句结构,在翻译成汉语时,考虑到定语从句太长,我们需要将个别的定语从句分开来翻译,这样我们可以将此句翻译为:

行为主义者认为,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力,那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。

第三篇:英文中各种笑

smile 微笑, laugh 大笑, giggle 咯咯笑

chuckle轻声地笑

snigger 窃笑 grin 咧嘴笑, smirk 傻笑,幸灾乐祸地笑;自鸣得意地笑,sneer 嘲笑,讥笑,titter v.吃吃地笑,偷笑

cackle(当坏事发生在他人身上时)不雅地大笑(v)咯咯的笑声(n)snicker 暗笑,偷笑

jeer讥笑,嘲弄

beam, v.微笑

simper v.傻笑,假笑

cachinnate v.大声笑,哄笑

chortle v.&n.开心地笑

guffaw n.vi.哄笑, 狂笑

tehee v.嗤嗤地笑

exult v.非常高兴,欢腾

glee n.欢乐,高兴(幸灾乐祸)

微笑laugh

Laugh, and the world laughs with you;weep, and you weep alone.你笑,世界也会跟着你一起笑。你哭,却只能独自一人。露齿而笑-grin

People who confess to feeling happy also grin more than others.承认感觉幸福的人们也会比别人更喜欢咧着嘴笑。轻声地笑-chuckle

She was roused by a chuckle which Mr.Dorset seemed to eject from the depths of his lean throat.多森先生从他那瘦弱的喉咙深处迸出一阵笑声,把她吓了一跳。咯咯笑-giggle

There was silence for a moment, then a giggle.沉默了片刻之后,有人在吃吃地笑。坏笑-snicker

The shuffle and snicker become the comedian's trademark.搅和与窃笑成为那个戏剧演员的标志。假笑 痴笑smirk

Look at his smile, really more of a smirk.看着他的笑容,那根本就是在得意地奸笑。憋笑,痴痴地笑-titter

He was abusing with anger, but hearers laughed, even Hai Xi Xi close tightly his mouth to titter.I definitely gloated over him.他怒冲冲地骂着,听的人却发出笑声,连海喜喜也抿着嘴偷笑,我当然更有点幸灾乐祸。狂笑-guffaw

All the boys burst out into a guffaw at the joke.听到这个笑话,男孩子们发出一声狂笑。欢笑-chortle

Father used to chortle over the funny funny papers every Sunday.父亲以前每个星期天看到滑稽报纸,总要哈哈大笑。

香港常常有些电影在广告上保证“全场笑声不绝”。这样的电影,我国古人会说“真堪绝倒”,英国人会说

have people rolling in the aisles。

按aisle是戏院里的通道。幽默电影会教观众笑得东倒西歪,坐在通道旁边的,恐怕更会笑得“倒在通道上翻滚”。所以,have people rolling in the aisles

就是“哄堂”、“教观众或听众绝倒”的意思,例如: Our play was a great success.We had them rolling in the aisles.(我们这出戏剧十分成功,使观众笑得东歪西倒。)

又中国人笑起来,往往会“笑痛肚皮”;英国人呢,则会 in stitches(笑痛胁部): stitch 是“胁部刺痛”的意思。例如:Tom had us in stitches with his jokes(汤姆的笑话我们笑痛了肚皮)。

Laugh and grow fat.[谚]常笑发福, 心宽体胖。

He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.[谚]先自嘲的人, 不会见笑于人。He laughs best who laughs last.[谚]最后笑的人笑得最好。

He who laughs at crooked men should need walk very straight.[谚]要笑别人驼背, 自己就要挺起胸膛走路。

第四篇:英文中的标点符号

英语中的标点符号与汉语很多都是相同的。逗号,句号,冒号,分号,问号,引号,感叹号,省略号,撇号,斜线,破折号

英语没有顿号,书名号,间隔号,着重号等

1.汉语中的某些标点符号为英语所没有。

⑴顿号(、):顿号在汉语中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用;英语中没有

顿号,分割句中的并列成分多用逗号。如:

She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box.注意:类似的情况下,最后一个逗号后可加and,这个逗号也可省略

--She slowly, carefully(,)and deliberately moved the box.⑵书名号(《》):英文没有书名号,书名、报刊名用斜体或者下划线表示。

Hamlet / Hamlet

《哈姆雷特》

Winter's Tale / Winter's Tale

《冬天的童话》

The New York Times / The New York Times

《纽约时报》

另外,英语中文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称和交通工具、航天器等的专有名词也常用斜体来表示。

间隔号(•):汉语有间隔号,用在月份和日期、音译的名和姓等需要隔开的词语的正中间,如

“一二•九”、“奥黛丽•赫本(人名)”等。

英语中没有汉语的间隔号,需要间隔时多用逗号。

⑷着重号:有时汉语用在文字下点实心圆点表示需要强调的词语,这些实心

点就是着重号。而英语中没有这一符号,需强调某些成分时可借助文字斜体、某些强调性词汇、特殊句型、标点停顿等多种方法。

⒉英语中的某些标点符号为汉语所没有。

⑴ 撇号

--Apostrophe('):

该符号主要表示①所有格,如

Shakespear's plays

/ the boy's book;

②数字、符号、字母或词形本身的复数,如

The teacher had

only four A's in his class.;

③省略了字母、数字或单词,如

let's(=let us)/ I've(=I have)。

⑵连字号

--Hyphen-):

该符号主要用于以下几种情况。

①复合词,如world-famous。

②派生词的词缀与词根或词之间,如co-worker。

③两个比分、比赛对手、地名、人名、数字之间,可视情况译为“比”“对”“至”等。④单词移行,把在一行写不开的单词按音节移到下一行,但必须注意:

a.单音节词不移行。

b.曲折变化后的词尾,如-er/-or/-ing等一般不移行。

c.数字、缩略词不宜移行。

d.易引起歧义的词不移行,如legend不宜移行为leg-end。

e.移行后行尾不宜只剩一个字母,如alone不宜移为a-lone。

f.带词缀的词应在词缀和词根处移行,如disappear移为dis-appear。

g.复合词在复合成分之间移行,如heartsick移为heart-sick。

⑶ 斜线号--Virgule或Slash(/):该符号主要起分割作用,如

It could be for staff and / or students.也常用于标音,如

bed /bed/。

⒊ 某些符号在汉英两种语言中的形式不同

⑴中文的句号是空心圈(。),英文的句号是实心点(.)。

英文的省略号是三个点(...),位置在行底;中文的为六个点(......),居于行中。在美国英语中,如果省略号恰好在句尾,就用四个点,如

I'd like to...that

is...if you don't mind....⑶ 英文的破折号是(-),中文的是(--)。

四、美国英语与英国英语在标点符号方面的细微差别

1. 引号的用法:

①属于引语的逗号、句号在美国英语中位于引号内,而在英国英语中多位于引号外;

②引语内再套用引语时,美国英语中双引号在外单引号在内,而英国英语中的单引号在外、双引号在内。

2. 冒号的用法:

①在小时与分钟之间,美国英语多用冒号,英国英语多用句号;

②美国英语中,信件或演说词的称呼语之后用冒号,而在英国英语中多用逗号。

英语标点

(punctuations of the English language)

1、逗号(comma),英文中逗号的作用和汉语是一样的。另外,逗号还使用于用who和which的定于从句。英文中的分号和逗号是同一符号。

分号隔开并列关系的单词和短语。需要注意的是,使用了分号的短语一般最后一项内容前都是用了and或者or,此时和汉语所不同的是and或or前也

应该使用分号(这是最最最常犯的语法错误之一,很多英语使用者都不知道),否则有可能造成歧义。比如,猫、狗和牛应该是“cat, dog, and ox”而非“cat, dog and ox”。

2、句号(period).英文中的句号的作用和汉语一样。英文中的简写符号和句号是同一符号,比如

Mr.、Ms.、etc.等等。如果句号作为简写符号使用,那么这个词语简写前后面的符号应该照常写上,因为简写号并非句号,也不遵循句号的语法。比如

Entreprise Co., Ltd或者I invited Tom, Jerry, etc..(注意两个点)。

3、冒号(colon):

英文中的冒号的作用和汉语一样。当冒号后是引用一个人说的话,也可以使用逗号。

4、分号

(semi-colon)

英文中的分号的作用和汉语一样。

需要注意的是,分号和逗号有时是可以互相交替的,比如如下的情况。

Tom met me, and later he met Joan.Tom met me;later he met Joan.当只有两个句子相并列时,分号可以和被逗号+连结词互替。但注意第二个例子里,but的转接意是需要用其他成份补充的。

第五篇:英文中的拟声词

走兽怎么叫:

1、狮子(lion)roar, howl;

2、老虎(tiger)roar, howl;

3、豹子(panther)howl

4、大象(elephant)trumpet;

5、豺(jackal)howl 6、狼(wolf)howl

7、狗(dog)bark,yap,yelp,bay,howl,growl,snarl,whine

8、狐(fox)bark,9、猫(cat)mew,miaow,miau,meow,10、鼠(mouse)squeak,cheep,peep “

11、猪(pig)grunt, whick, aqueak

12、野猪(swine)grunt

13、公猪(boar)girn

14、熊(bear)bruzz, growl

15、无尾猿(ape)gibber,gueriet

16、猴(monkey)screech, gibber, chatter, snutter, jabber, howl

17、骆驼(camel)nuzz, grunt

18、鹿(deer)call, bell, bellow

19、牛(cattle)cow,bleat 20、公牛(bull)bellow,low

21、母牛(cow)low

22、小牛(calf): bleat

23、水牛(buffalo)boo

24、羊(sheep,goat)baa, bleat

25、马(horse)neigh,whinny,nicker

26、驴(ass,donkey)bray, hee-haw

27、兔子(rabbit)mumble

虫子怎么叫:

1、青蛙(frog)croak

2、蟾蜍(toad)shriek

3、蛇(snake, serpent)

4、蜜蜂(bee)buzz,hum,bumble,drone

5、黄蜂(wasp)hum

6、蟋蟀(cricket)chirp(chirup)

7、甲虫(beetle)drone,boom

8、蚱蜢(grsshopper)chirp

9、蚊子(mosquito)hum,buzz,drone

10、苍蝇(fly)hum,buzz,drone

飞禽怎么叫:

1、公鸡(cock)crow

2、母鸡(hen)cackle,cluck

3、小鸡(chicken)cheep

4、火鸡(turkey)gobble

5、鸭(duck)quack

6、鹅(goose)cackle,hiss,creak,gaggle

7、鸽子(dove,pigeon)coo,crood,croud,croodle,8、鹌鹑(quail)curkle

9、鸠(stock-dove)murmur

10、斑鸠(turtle-dove)wail

11、天鹅(swan)chant,cry

12、乌鸦(crow,raven)caw,croak

13、白嘴鸦(rook)caw

14、鹧鸪(partrige)call

15、鹦鹉(parrot)prat,squawk

16、孔雀(peacock)tantle,scream

17、云雀(lark)sing

18、红雀(linnet)chirp

19、喜鹊(magpie)chatter,clatter 20、麻雀(sparrow)chirp

21、夜莺(nightingale)warble,pip,jug,jug-jug

22、画眉(mavis)guaver

23、布谷(cuckoo)cuckoo

24、鹤(stork)coniat

25、白鹤(crane)whoop Z0ad

26、燕(swallow)chirp,twitter

27、海鸥(gull): mew

28、鹰(eagle)scream

各类物体的响声:

1、金属磕碰声 当啷 clank,clang

2、形容金属的响声 当当 rattle

3、金属、瓷器连续撞击声 丁零当啷 jingle,jangle,cling-clang

4、鼓声、敲门声 咚咚 rub-a dub,rat-tat,rat-a-tat

5、脆响的(关门)声 吧嗒 clik

6、敲打木头声 梆梆 rat-tat,rat-at

7、重物落下声 咕咚 thud,splash,plump

8、东西倾倒声 哗啦 crash,clank

9、风吹动树枝叶声 飒飒 sough,rustle

10、树枝等折断声 嘎巴 crack,snap

11、不大的寒风声 瑟瑟 rustle

12、踩沙子、飞沙击物或风吹草木 沙沙、飒飒 rustle

13、飞机螺旋桨转动 呼呼 whirr

14、雨点敲击房顶 噼里啪啦 patter

15、水流动声 拔拉 splash,gurgle

16、物体受压 嘎吱 creak 喀嚓 crack.snap

17、溪水、泉水流动声 潺潺 murmur,babble,purl

18、液体、沸腾、水流涌出或大口喝水声 咕嘟 babble,gurgle

19、重物落地声 扑通 flop,thump,splash,pit-a-pat 20、笑声、水、气挤出声 扑哧 titter,snigger,fizz

21、雷声、爆炸声、机器声 隆隆 hum,rumble,roll

22、汽笛或喇叭声 呜呜 toot,hoot,zoom

23、油在锅里 滋滋 sizzle

24、鞭炮爆炸声 噼啪 pop

25、脚踏楼板声 登登 clump

或许拟声词大家用的不多,,但其处理与表意相当复杂。下面看看朱生豪先生如何处理的(译莎士比亚的小诗)

Song Hark, Hark!歌:听啊!听!

Hark, Hark!听啊!听!

Bow-woo.汪!汪!

The watching dogs bark!犬在门前狂吠!

Bow-woo.汪!汪!

Hark, Hark!I hear 听啊!听!我听见

The strain of strutting chanticlear 伸颈的雄鸡

Cry,Cock-a doodle-doo.喔喔啼

其他拟声词:

murmur, babble, bang, click, fizz, hush, buzz, beep boing boom clap cluck crackle chuckle crunch hiccup honk

ping pong plop pop poof thud tick-tock screech snap swoosh whack zap Argh!表示极度的沮丧和失望.Ah!羡慕,满意

Aha!满意,愉快,胜利

Ahem!唤起注意

Alas!遗憾,悲痛,不幸

Bah!轻蔑,厌恶

Brrr!寒冷

Blech!吃到或 看到一些另人反感的东西时的反应.Blah!咳!表示不喜欢,不赞成.Boom!碰!形容巨响.Crash!哗啦一声,形容物体相撞的声音.Darn!(Darn it!)愤怒,失望

Eek!唷!表示恐惧.Eww!呦!尝到,闻到或看到令人反感的东西时的反应.For goodness sake!惊奇,害怕

Gad!惊奇,不赞同

Gee!惊奇,赞美

God!(Good god!Great God!惊奇,恐惧

Geez!天哪.表示气愤和难以置信.此为感叹词 Jesus 的委婉说法.Gosh!哎呀!表惊讶.Grrrrr!格噜..表示生气的幽默用法.是幽默地模仿了动物被激怒时发出的声音.Gulp!不好!糟了!表示坏事即将发生.说这个词时,通常很小声.Good gracious!惊奇,恼怒

Goodness!惊奇,害怕,恼怒

Hi(嗨)Hush(嘘)Hem(哼)

Heaven forbid!惊奇,害怕

Heaven help me!惊奇,害怕

(Good)Heavens!惊奇,害怕

Help!求助

Hey!惊奇,喜悦,疑问,或唤起注意

Hmmm!思考

Ho(a)!惊奇,满足,喜悦或唤起注意

I-I-I-I-I!呀呀........!难以置信.读作: eye-y'eye-y'eye-y'eye-y'eye!I’ll be darned!惊奇

Jesus(Christ)!不满意,失望,痛苦,惊恐

Kaboom!轰!砰!表突然发生的爆炸声.Look out!警告

Mmmm!品尝满意

Mercy!惊奇

Mercy me!惊奇

My!惊奇,羡慕

My,my!惊奇

My goodness!惊奇,害怕

My word!惊奇

Ow!哎哟!表示疼痛.Oh!惊奇,诧异,害怕,疼痛

Oh, boy!激动,惊奇,惊喜(男女都可说)

Oh, dear!惊奇

Oh,my!惊奇,羡慕

Oh, no!害怕,惊奇,失望

Oho!惊奇

Oh-oh!遇到不顺心的事

Ouch 疼痛

Ow!疼痛

Oh, well!无可奈何

Pew!呦!表示味道难闻.Phew!咳!表示极度焦虑之后,如释重负.Piuck!呦!尝到,闻到或看到令人反感的东西时的反应.Pow!啪!砰!形容突然的袭击.Psst!唤起注意

Say!唤起注意,或想起什么

Shit!愤怒,厌恶,沮丧

Sigh!唉!咳!表示无奈和失望.说的时候,轻轻的,无可奈何的!Smash!哗啦!形容物体猛烈撞击,造成破碎或损坏.Thwack!啪!形容物体相撞发出急促的声音,但没有造成破损.打耳光就可以用这个滴.呵呵.Thank God!宽慰,感谢

Thank goodness!感谢 Tsk-tsk!不赞同

Tut-tut!不满,不耐烦

Ugh!厌恶

Unbelievable!惊讶

Wham!砰!描述快速移动的物体突然撞击在景致的物体上时所发出的声音.Whew!表示经理极度焦虑后的极大安慰.Whoa!嘿!嘿!用于阻止对方的行动.Whoops!嗨!突然想起要做某事

oops!哎呀!表示发生意外.撞到别人时可以用哦.Whoosh!呼的医生,嗖的一声.描述物体快速移动发出的声音.Watch it!警告

Watch out!警告

Well!惊奇,宽慰

Well, I never!惊奇,愤怒

Well,well!惊奇

Whoopee!高兴

Wow!诧异,惊讶,羡

拟声词的常见三种翻译处理方法:

一、译为汉语对应的拟声词,有的译为独词句,有的译为动词或名词的辅助成分。

1.Crack!The stick broke in two.喀嚓!棒子断为两截。

2.Only the venliator in the cellar window kept up a cealess rattle.只有地下室窗户上的鼓风机发出无休无止的呼呼声。

3.Round the corner of Croscent Bay, between the pile-up masses of broken rock, a flock of sheep came pattering.沿着新月海湾的地方,从一堆堆破碎的岩石堆中,一群羊叭嗒叭嗒地跑了过来。

二、有时可以将英文的拟声词译为汉语中较为抽象的“..........的叫,...........声”,有的则直叙其动作。

1.The cock in the yard crowed its first round.院子里的雄鸡已经叫头遍了。

2.He felt as if he must shout and sing, he seemed to hear about him the rustle of unceasing and inmumberable wings.他感到简直要大喊大唱,耳际仿佛传来无数翅膀的拍击声。

3.They splashed through the mire to the village.他们一路踏着泥水向村子去。

三、为增加效果,即使英文未出现拟声词,翻译时添加拟声词。1.The logs were burning briskly in the fire.木柴在火中哔哔剥剥烧的正旺。

2.“Impartinent!” snorted Imalds.伊梅尔达鼻子哼了声“没家教!”

3.Then a dog began to howl somewhere ina a farm house far down the road--a long, agonized wailing, as if from fear.接着,路尽头一所农舍附近响起狗的汪汪声,那是一声长长的哀鸣,似乎是因恐惧而发出的惊恐之声。

再看一段英国作家梭罗描写沃尔登湖冬景的一句(附翻译,就剩一句了)

I seldom opened my door in a winter evening without hearing it;Hoo hoo hoo, hooner hoo, sounded sonorously, and the first three syllables accented somewhat like how deardo;or sometimes hoo hoo only.”zb7+ B F

冬季傍晚,我一打开门常常听到“唿——唿——唿,唿——唿”的鸟叫声,声音哼悦耳,前三个音节听起来有点象英语的“你好哇!”有时便只是鸟叫而已。

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