第一篇：常用工具句型翻译
十四、常用工具
COMMON TOOLS
339、There are many tools in my tool storage unit(tool chest, tool box).我的工具柜（工具盒、工具箱）里面有很多工具。
340、Get me a hammer(hacksaw, file, scraper, chisel, socket, wrench, hook spanner, adjustable wrench, pipe wrench, ratchet wrench, open end wrench, screw driver, hand vice, pliers, pocket knife).给我拿一把手锤（钢锯、锉刀、刮刀、凿子、套筒扳手、钩扳手、活动扳手、管扳手、棘轮扳手、开口扳手、螺丝刀、手钳、扁嘴钳、小刀）。
341、Straightedge rule(square rule, slide gauge, inside and outside micrometer, steel tape, feeler, dial gauge, depth micrometer, wire gage, radius gage, thread pitch gage)is a kind of common measuring tool.直尺（角尺、游标卡尺、内径和外径千分尺、钢卷尺、塞尺、千分表、深度千分尺、线规、半径规、螺距规）是一种常用量具。
342、The precision of this fitter level(cross-test level)is 0.02mm/M.这个钳工水平仪（框架式水平仪）的精度为0.02毫米/米。
343、We have got the instrument(pressure gauge, thermometer, tachometer, current meter, universal meter)ready for the experiment(test).我们已经准备好做实验（试验）的仪器（压力表、温度计、转速计、电流表、万用表）。
344、That is an air(electric)powered grinder(portable grinder, angle grinder, straight grinder, drill, impact wrench, riveting hammer, hammer drill).那是一个气（电）动砂轮机（手持砂轮机、角型砂轮、直型砂轮、钻机、冲击扳手、铆钉锤、锤钻机）。
345、Our electrical tools are double insulated and approved to international safety standards.我们的电动工具都是双重绝缘的，并符合国际安全标准。
346、Hydraulic pump is the power unit of the hydraulic puller(hydraulic press, hydraulic pipe bender, hydraulic jack).油压泵是油压拉出器（油压机、油压弯管机、油压千斤顶）的动力装置。
347、A welder’s kit contains electrode holder, welding torch, helmet shield, portable electrode heating box and temperature measuring pen.一名焊工的成套工具包括焊钳、焊炬、面罩、手提式焊条加热箱和测温笔。
348、The diameter of this wire rope(hemp rope, sling)is three-fourth inches(3/4”).这钢丝绳（麻绳、吊索）的直径为3/4英寸。
349、The lifting capacity of this chain hoist(hydraulic jack, screw jack)is 5tons.这个吊链（油压千斤顶、螺旋千斤顶）的起重能力为5吨。
350、The vise(parallel-jaw vice)is available to all of the bench work.所有的钳工工作都可使用台钳（平口钳）。
351、Grease gun and oiler are the lubrication service tools for machinery.油枪和注油器都是机械润滑维护工具。
352、Torque wrenches offer the precision measurement needed to tighten fasteners.力矩扳手可以提供禁锢螺栓所需的精确力矩计量。
353、The measuring unit of torque wrench is pound-inch or kilogram-centimeter.力矩扳手的计量单位为镑-寸或者公斤-厘米。
354、Is the machine accompanied with some tools(spare parts, accessories)?
这台机器随机带有一些工具（备件、附件）吗？
355、Shall we use a special tool for this job?
我们干这活要使用专用工具吗？
356、Could you tell us how to use(operate, repair, maintain, clean, adjust)this new tool?
你能告诉我们如何使用（操作、修理、维护、清理、调整）这个新工具吗？
357、The tool gets out of order, we must remedy its trouble.这工具有毛病，我们必须排除它的故障。
358、The tool is out of repair, it needs an overhaul.这工具失修，需要拆修。
359、From your explanation I shall easily handle it.听了你的说明，我将易于操纵它。
360、The tools must be well kept.工具必须妥善保管。
十五、工程材料
ENGINEERING MATERIALS
361 There are some material warehouses(store yards)on the construction site.在工地上有一些材料仓库（堆场）。
362 Our store officer is responsible for the warehousing and issuing of materials.我们的仓库管理员负责保管和发放材料。
363 We use Scientific-management system for material shortage and its control.我们应用科学管理体系处理材料短缺及其调节。
364 These materials are imported from abroad(supplied by the Seller).这些材料是从国外进口的（卖方供应的）。
365 What is the feature about it?
这些材料的特性是什么？
366 The construction material answers our purpose satisfactorily.这种建筑材料能满足我们的需要。
367 The average traffic fuel(gasoline)consumption of this lorry is 0.3 liter per kilometer(l/km).这台货车的平均行车柴油（汽油）耗量为每公里0.3公升。
368 Hydraulic oil(lubrication oil)which having a viscosity of about 4.5°Eat 50℃ can be used for this vehicle(machine).具有恩氏粘度4.5°E(50℃)的液压油（润滑油）可用于此车辆（机器）。
369 This special oil comes from the “SHELL” company(CALTEX, MOCBIL,GULF, ESSO, CASTROL, BP).这种特种油来自“壳牌”公司（加德士、飞马、海湾、埃索、卡斯特罗、英国石油公司）。
370 Cement steel and timber are the most important construction materials used in civil engineering.水泥、钢材和木材是土建工程中最重要的建筑材料。
371 Typical structural steel shapes include beams, channels, angles and tees.典型的结构型钢包括工字钢、槽钢、角钢和丁字钢。
372 There are four broad classifications of steel : carbon steels, alloy steels, high-strength low-alloy steels and stainless steels.钢材大致辞可分为四类，即：碳素钢、合金钢、高强度低合金钢和不锈钢。
373 Copper, zinc, lead, aluminium, bronze and brass are nonferrous metals or alloys.铜、锌、铅、铝、青铜和黄铜都是有色金属或合金。
374 This alloy is mainly composed of element chromium and nickel(titanium, vanadium, manganese).这种合金主要由元素铬和镍（钛、钡、锰）组成。
375 The standards “GB” and “YB” provide the method of testing for materials in our country just like the standard ASTM in America.在我们GB（国标）和YB（冶标）规定材料的试验方法，正如美国的ASTM标准一样。
376 We have asbestos(rubber, plastic, glass, paint)products of all kinds.我们有各种石棉（橡胶、塑料、玻璃、油漆）制品。
377 Bolt(screw, nut, stud, spring washer, pin, ball bearing, roller bearing)is the most commonly used machine part.螺栓（螺钉、螺帽、双头螺栓、弹簧垫圈、销、滚珠轴承、滚柱轴承）是最常用的机械零件。
378 Cast iron cannot compare with steel in tensile strength.铸铁在抗拉强度上比不上钢。
379 Erection of the equipment will be carried out according to the specifications and drawings.设备安装将按照说明书和图纸进行。
380 All site erection works will be performed by the Buyer under the technical instruction of the Seller.所有的现场安装工作都应在卖方的技术指导下由买方完成。
381 The construction company is fully in charge of the administration of all erection work.建设公司完全负责全部安装工程的行政管理。
382 Our company cover all construction activities, that is : piling , civil engineering, mechanical erection, piping, electrical, instrumentation, painting and insulation work.我们公司涉及所有施工活动，包括：打桩、土建工程、机械安装、配管、电气、仪表、油漆和保温绝缘工作。
383 What is the feature of this cracker(cracking furnace, heating furnace, reactor, mixer, centrifuger, belt-conveyer)?
这台裂解器（裂解炉、加热炉、反应器、搅拌器、离心机、皮带输送机）的特点是什么？
384 The spherical tank(gas holder , container)will be shipped in the condition of edge prepared and bent plates.球罐（气柜、容器）将以板加工和弯板的条件发货。
385 I think that the on-site training will be necessary for the tank.我想槽罐焊接工作的现场培训是必要的。
386 The cooler(condenser, separator, boiler, generator, scrubber, stripper, heat exchanger)is a pressure vessel.It is subject to the pressure vessel code.这台冷却器是一个压力容器，它必须服从压力容器法规。（冷凝器、分离器、锅炉、发生器、洗涤器、汽提器、热交换器）
387 The pressure vessel must be inspected by our authoritative organization-Administration of Labour.压力容器必须接受我们的权威机构劳动总局的监察。
388 The new reciprocating(centrifugal, opposed-balanced)compressor will be installed next week.下周将安装这台新的往复式（离心式、对置平衡式）压缩机。
389 The distilling column(absorber, column evaporator, regenerator, column washer)is a kind of equipment for outdoor installation.蒸馏塔（吸收塔、蒸发柱、再生塔、洗涤塔）是一种室外安装的设备。
390 The TG70 steam turbine has a operation speed of 9600 rotations per minute(RPM).TG70型蒸汽透平的运转速度为每分钟9600转。
391 What do you think of this erection work?
你看这项安装工作如何？
392 This low(middle, high)pressure blower(pump)will be assembled in the No.3 workshop.这台低（中、高）压鼓风机（泵）将在三号车间里予以装配。
393 We are adjusting(installing, checking, aligning , leveling, purging)the equipment.我们正在调整（安装、检查、找正、找平、清洗）这台设备。
394 The working team will finish the job next week.工作班组将在下周干完这活。
395 We can adjust the levelness of the machine by means of shim and screw jack.我们可以利用垫铁和螺丝千斤顶来调整机器的水平度。
396 After seven days , the grouted mortar will have concreted, then we shall tighten the anchor bolts.灌浆在七天以后凝固，我们就将拧紧地脚螺栓。
397 The alignment of the coupling should be performed by two dial gauges.靠背轮的找正对准应用两只千分表来进行。
398 The maximum allowable misalignment of the coupling is 0.02mm.靠背轮找正的最大允许偏差为0.02毫米。
399 How many radial(axial)clearnance are there in this bush(journal bearing , thrust bearing)?
这个轴套（轴颈轴承、止推轴承）的径向（轴向）间隙是多少？
400 Does the bolt fit the nut?
螺栓与螺母不配。
401 We prefer welding to riveting.我们认为焊接比铆接好。
402 Do you know how to assemble(adjust)this new machine?
你知道如何装配（调整）这台新机器吗？
十七、工艺管道
PROCESS PIPING
403 The design of the process piping is performed directly on a model of the project.工艺配管的设计是直接按照工程项目的一个模型完成的。
404 The model is an actual working tool for piping.模型是配管用的实际工具。
405 Piping erection work include: prefabrication, placing, aligning, welding and bolting.管道安装工作包括：预制加工、安置、对准、焊接和连接。
406 Our piping prefabrication workshop covers a total area of 1000m2.我们的管道预制加工厂拥有一千平方米的面积。
407 We can perform the pipe by following operations: cutting and mechanical chamfering, manual and automatic welding.我们可以对管子进行下列预制加工：切割和机械加工坡口，手工和自动焊接等。
408 The computer generates isometric drawings and prints out bill of materials.计算机绘出管道空视图，并打印出材料明细表。
409 We shall complete the manhour requirements for the site fabrication(site erection)of this drawing.我们将制订这张图纸现场制作（现场安装）所需的工时条件。
410 Seamless steel tube is made in sizes for 1/8 to 24 inches.无缝钢管制作的尺寸从八分之一寸到二十四寸。
411 Spiral-welded steel pipe is available in sizes from 6 to 36 inches.螺旋焊接钢管的尺寸从六寸到三十六寸。
412 Two types of end are standard on steel pipes and fittings, that is flanged and screwed.钢管和管件有两种标准端部型式，即：法兰和丝扣。
413 This pipe is made of carbon steel(stainless steel ,cast iron, plastic).这管子是碳素钢（不锈钢、铸铁、塑料）制成的。
414 We usually use elbow(bend, flange, tee, reducer)as a kind of pipe fitting.我们常用弯头（弯管、法兰、三通、大小关）作为一种管件。
415 What is the installation elevation of this pipeline?
这条管线的安装标高是多少？
416 This pipeline will be installed on the No.8 pipe rack.这条管线将安装于八号管廊架上。
417 The transfer medium in this pipeline is liquid ammonia(process air , soft water, alkali liquor, acidic gas).这条管线的输送介质为液氨（工艺空气、软水、碱液、酸性气体）。
418 This is a gate valve(check valve, butterfly valve, cut-off valve, magnetic valve, remote valve, relief valve, throttle valve, cock).这是一个闸阀（止回阀、蝶阀、切断阀、电磁阀、遥控阀、安全阀、节流阀、旋塞）。
419 Please explain the method of field test and flushing(blowing off)of the pipelines.请说明管线的现场试验和冲洗（吹净）方法。
420 We shall conduct the clean water for the hydrostatic test of the austenitic stainless steel pipe.我们将为奥氏体不锈钢管的水压试验引进净水。
421 We need a piping material list(list of piping support, bill of welding rod).我们需要一份配管材料表（管架一览表、焊条明细表）。
422 The welding(heat treatment)of pipes have been carried out with incorporated programming.管子的焊接（热处理）现已按照编写的程序完成。
423 We can carry out various treatment for the inner surface of pipes, such as sanding , chemical pickling, purging and passivation.我们可以进行管子内壁的各种处理，诸如：喷砂、化学酸洗、冲洗和钝化。
424 The outer surface of this pipeline will be painted in green(red, yellow, blue, white, black ,grey, brown)colour.这条管线的外表面将涂刷绿（红、黄、蓝、白、黑、灰、棕）色。
十八、质量管理
QUALITY CONTROL
425 Total Quality Control（TQC）is a better quality control system.全面质量管理（简称TQC）是一种较好的质量管理体系。
426 TQC over the project will be strengthened.对于这个工程的全面质量管理将要加强。
427 To maintain the best quality of the construction work is the important responsibility of the field controllers.保持施工工作的优良质量是现场管理人员的重要职责。
428 We possess skilled technician and complete measuring and test instruments used to ensure the quality of engineering.我们拥有熟练的技术力量和齐全的检测手段，可以确保工程质量。
429 Field inspection work is handled(executed, directed)by our Inspection Section.现场检查工作由我们的检查科管理（实施、指导）。
430 Our site quality inspector will report to the Project Manager everyday.我们的现场质量检查员将每天向工程项目经理汇报。
431 I want to see the certificate of quality(certificate of manufacturer, certificate of inspection, certificate of shipment, material certificate, certificate of proof).我要看看质量证书（制造厂证书、检查证明书、出口许可证书、材料合格证、检验证书）。
432 Here is the report of chemical composition inspection.这是化学成份检验报告。
433 Is it OK(good, guaranteed, satisfied, passed)?
那是正确的（好的、保证的、满意的、合格的）吗？
434 We shall take the sample to test its physical properties(mechanical properties, tensile strength, yield point, percentage elongation, reduction of area, impact value, Brinell hardness).我们将取样试验其物理性能（机械性能、抗张强度、屈服点、延伸率、断面收缩率、冲击值、布氏硬度）。
435 We have received Certificate of Authorization for the fabrication and erection of pressure vessels.我们具有压力容器制作和安装的授权认可证书。
436 The welds passed the examination of radiographic test(ultrasonic inspection, magnetic testing).这焊缝通过射线透视检查（超声波探伤、磁力探伤）合格。
437 Are you a qualified nondestructive testing(NDT)person?
你是具有资格的无损检测人员吗？
438 Let us go to the laboratory to check the radiographic films.请到试验室去检查透视片子。
439 This job will have to be done over again.这活必须返工重做。
440 The defect must be repaired at once.缺陷必须立即修理。
441 This problem of quality needs a further discussion.这个质量总是需要进一步研讨。
442 The ISO standards have been used by our company in this project.国际标准（ISO）已为我公司采用于此工程中。
443 The testing results fulfill quality requirement.试验结果达到质量要求。
444 Check list(quality specification)has been signed by the controller(inspector, checker).检验单（质量说明书）已由管理员（检查员、审核人）签字。
十九、试车和开车（30句）
TEST RUN AND START-UP
445 We shall put the machine to trial(test run)after the erection work has been finished.这台机器安装工作完成以后就将进行试车。（试运转）
446 The mechanical completion check list of the unit has been approved by both of the Buyer’s and Seler’s representative.这个装置的机械竣工检验表已由买方和卖方的代表审定。
447 We should start the installation according to the instruction and operation manual.我们应该根据说明书和操作手册来开动这个装置。
448 The systematic hydrostatic test(dry run , hot test, dynamic test, actual start-up)is scheduled for next Monday.系统水压试验（学习、加热试验、动力试验、实际开车）定于下星期一进行。
449 We have planned to finish the adjustment of the machine before Tuesday.我们计划在星期二以前完成机器的调试工作。
450 Before initial start-up of the installation, we must check the equipment carefully.在装置初次开动以前，我们必须仔细地检查这些设备。
451 Shall we begin the test run at once?
我们立即开始试车好吗？
452 The compressor is loaded up with the medium of air(nitrogen, process gas).压缩机以空气（氮气、工艺气体）加载运转。
453 The turbine had been running for 4 hours before carrying a full load.透平在满载前已经运转了四个小时。
454 We shall soon put the chemical installation into commissioning test run.(performance test)
我们将很快地把这个化工装置进行投料试生产。（性能考核）
455 According to the schedule, the first batch process will be produced on October first this year.根据进度表，今年十月一日将首次批量生产。
456 The machine is in good working order.这台机器运转良好。
457 The machine is out of order, will you see to it , please.这台机器运转不好，请你去检看一下。
458 I felt the machine shake seriously.我感到这机器震动严重。
459 The machine parts went hot.这机器零件发热。
460 The noise of the machine is very loud.这台机器噪音很大。
461 The machine is knocking badly.这台机器敲击声厉害。
462 If there arises any abnormal temperature(unusual noises, vibration), it is necessary to stop the machine and investigate the cause.如果产生不正常的温升（异常噪音、振动），必须停车查明原因。
463 You must turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the motor.如果电动机有什么毛病时，你必须关掉开关。
464 We have planned to finish the adjustment of the machine before Tuesday.我们应该渐渐地增加压缩机的压力，并逐步投入满负荷运行。
465 The rotation number of the machine is on the increase.机器的转数在增加。
466 After a few hours running , we shall check the machine;and replace the oil , if necessary.在数小时运转后，我们将检查机器；并在必要时换油。
467 We shall select the suitable grease in accordance with the lubrication chart.我们要根据润滑表来选用合适的油脂。
468 What is the trouble with the machine?
这机器有什么故障？
469 I think the trouble lies here.我想故障在这里。
470 It is necessary that we should repair it at once.我们必须立即修理它。
471 We shall give the machine another trial at 10 o’clock.我们将在十点钟把这台机器再试一次。
472 The machine runs perfectly well , it had been operating with a continuous run of 72 hours.这强机器运转很好，它至今已连续运转了七十二小时。
473 The result of the test run satisfied us.试车结果使我们很满意。
474 It is not doubtful that the test run will be successful.试车将会成功是无疑的。
二十、在宴会上（26句）
AT THE BANQUET
475 How do you do ?
你好吗？
I am very glad to meet you.见到你很高兴。
476 Take this seat, please.请坐这个座位。
Sit down, please.请坐。
477 Allow me to introduce myself.I am Wang Dong.请让我自我介绍一下，我是王东。
May I introduce Mr.Yu.请让我把于先生介绍给你。
This is Mr.Li(Mrs.wu, Miss Liu, Comrade Yang).这位是李先生（吴夫人、刘小姐、杨同志）。
May I ask your name?
请问你叫什么名字？
478 Welcome to China(Shanghai, Nanjing, Anhui).欢迎你来中国（上海、南京、安徽）。
Welcome to our construction site(factory).欢迎你到我们工地（工厂）来。
479 Did you have a nice trip?
旅途顺利吗？
Is this your first trip to China?
这是你第一次来中国吗？
480 I hope you will have a pleasant work here.希望你在这里工作愉快。
Hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望你在这里过得愉快。
481 Please don’t stand on ceremony , if you please.别客气，请随便。
Make yourself at home.请别拘束。
482 Try some of this Roast Duck.尝尝这个烤鸭。
483 Help yourself to that fish.请吃那个鱼。
484 Do you want some desert?
你要点甜食吗？
485 Would you like a bowl of soup?
你要一碗汤吗？
486 What would you like to drink?
你想喝点什么？
487 Have a glass of beer(red wine, liquor), please.请喝一杯啤酒（红酒、白酒）。
Please try this “Mao Tai” Fenjiu, Gujing, Tequ, Qingdao Beer), it is the best drink in our country(province, city).的酒。
请尝喝这茅台洒（汾酒、古井酒、特曲酒、青岛啤酒），这是我国（省、市）最好488 This is a course of Chinese dish, help yourself.这是一道中国菜，请吃。
Do you prefer Chinese or Western food? 你喜欢中餐还是西餐？
Shall we have some rice(bread)? 吃点米饭（面包）吗？
489 I don’t know what name of this dish, let us take a look at the menu.我不知道这菜的名称，让我们来看一下菜谱。
It is called “Jiaozi” in Chinese, it means meat dumpling.这仪器中文名叫“饺子”，意思是肉馅面食。
490 Here is the Western tableware: knife, fork and spoon.这是西餐用具：刀、叉和匙。
This is a pair of Chinese chopsticks, try it and see if you like it.这是一双中国筷子，试试看你是不是喜欢它。491 I am very glad you like it , do have more.我很高兴你喜欢这菜，请多吃些。No, thanks, I have had enough.谢谢，不要了，我够了。
492 Here’s to the health of our friends-to your health!为朋友们的健康干杯！
493 May the friendship between us continue to grow-to our friendship and cooperation!为我们之间的友谊进一步增长——为友谊和合作干杯！494 Here’s to you(everyone)!向你（大家）祝酒！Congratulations!表示祝贺！Good luck!祝你好运！Cheers!祝你愉快！Bottoms up!干杯！
495 Would you like a cup of tea(milk, coffee, cocoa, orange juice, mineral water)? 你要一杯茶（牛奶、咖啡、可可、桔子汁、矿泉水）吗？ Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 你喜欢什么，咖啡还是茶？
496 Try our filter cigarettes “ZHONGHUA”(SHANGHAI, DAQIANMEN), please.请尝吸我们的过滤咀香烟“中华牌”（上海牌、大前门牌）。497 We give a warm send-off to you!我们热烈欢送你！
498 Thank you for your work in promoting the modernization of our country.感谢你为促进我国的现代化而做的工作。
499 I wish you a pleasant journey!祝你旅途愉快！Bon voyage!一路顺风！500 Good-by!再见！Good night!晚安。
Hope to see you again.希望能再见到你。
第二篇：翻译工具
最近翻译文献，在这过程中，对各大在线翻译网站和翻译软件进行了比较。总结下心得，为大家推荐一二。
在线翻译网站
排名1.雅虎宝贝鱼
http://fanyi.cn.yahoo.com/
横向比较后，雅虎宝贝鱼脱颖而出，成为了排名1的在线翻译网站。其提供英语词典和全文翻译两项服务，翻译准确率、词库量和语言逻辑性上表现都很好。尤其是它的全文翻译功能，很多译文很符合中文语言习惯，几乎可以直接使用，不是Google的脑残文可以比的。
排名2.有道
http://dict.yodao.com/
有道是网易做的垂直搜索网站，其中有道海量词典只提供单词和词组查询，但就像其名字一样，其词汇量非常大，论文中很多生僻的专业名词都是考它搞定的。
有了以上两个就差不多可以搞定论文翻译了，Google可以排名3，就不详细介绍了。桌面翻译软件
排名1.Lingoes 灵格斯词霸
http:///
您还在用金山词霸吗？恭喜您OUT了。郑重向您推荐Lingoes灵格斯词霸。Lingoes是免费的桌面翻译软件，其体积小，并提供数十种扩展词库，并提供多种在线全文翻译功能，而且占用内存少。使用它，你几乎可以不需要其他翻译软件了。不足是，当有新版本更新后，原理的版本就无法使用了，需要重新下载新的版本安装。还有取词功能不够灵敏。排名2.有道桌面翻译软件
不多介绍了，是有道海量词典的桌面版，功能和性能都与网络版海量词典相同，而且只有2.4M大小，桌面取词功能也很强大。唯一不足的是不具备全文翻译功能。
第三篇：句型翻译
句式1：there be句型结构
★此句型是由there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义。be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。现在有 there is/are „ 过去有 there was/were„
将来有 there will be…/there is /are going to be...现在已经有 there has/have been„ 可能有 there might be …
肯定有 there must be …/there must have been… 过去一直有 there used to be „
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。
★翻译练习(要求用There be 句型)：
1、一年有多少个月？
2、我家有5口人。
3、我们学校有各种各样的课外活动。
4、你们城里有多少所幼儿园？
5、他们工厂有很多新机器。
6、现在有许多同学在教室学习。
7、房间有许多家具，墙壁上有许多照片。
8、在我们村庄附近有一家医院。
9、今天的报纸有许多新消息吗？
10、这个星期六有音乐会吗？
11、花园里有一个游泳池。
12、别匆匆忙忙。有的是时间。
13、在屋子里有一张写字台、一台计算机和几堆书。
14、我们学校下星期将有一个晚会。
15、在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。
16、过去我们村庄有一所小学。
17、晚会的活动内容有音乐、跳舞、唱歌和游戏。
18、在学校前面有一条小河。
19、然而，还存在一些问题，如水、空气污染和交通拥挤。20、从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。
参考答案：
1.How many months are there in a year? 2.There are five people in my family.3.There are all kinds of after-class activities in our school.4.How many kindergartens are there in your city? 5.There are a lot of new machines in their factory.6.Now there are many students studying in the classroom.7.There is much furniture in the room.There are many photos on the wall.8.There is a hospital near our village.9.Is there much news on today’s newspaper? 10.Is there going to be a concert this Saturday? 11.There is a swimming pool in the garden.12.Don’t hurry.There is enough time.13.There is a writing desk, a computer and a few piles of books in the room.14.There will be an evening party in our school next Monday.15.In front of the cave, there stands(grows)a tall pine tree.16.There used to be a primary school in our village.17.There is music, dancing and games at the evening party.18.There lies a small river in front of our school.19.However, there exist some problems, such as, water pollution, air pollution and crowdedheavy traffic.20.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea
句型2：动词不定式 动词不定式：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，非谓语动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词，由to＋动词原形构成，但在有些情况下to可以省略。在句中不能单独作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作除了谓语之外的任何成分，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成时、进行时、完成进行时和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。翻译下面的句子：
1、骑自行车到那儿要花我们半小时。
2、照顾老人是我们的职责。
3、我们要在十五分钟写完这篇作文是很难的。
4、尊重别人就是尊重自己。
5、当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
6、司机没能及时看见另一辆车(fail)。
7、我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
8、他答应一小时后回来。
9、我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。
10、我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。
11、没有人能告诉我哪里能买到这本书。
12、我们打算在那儿呆一个星期。
13、我认为我们学好一门外语非常重要。
14、什么时候出发去伦敦还没有决定。
15、史密斯先生不知道离开那里还是留在那里。
1.To get there by bike will take us half an hour.2.It's our duty to take good care of the old.3.It is very difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.4.To respect others is to be respected.5.It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.6.The driver failed to see the other car in time.7.I happen to know the answer to your question.8.He promised to return in an hour.9.I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer.10.I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.11.No one could tell me where to buy(get)the book.12.We have meant(planned, intended)to stay there a week.13.We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.14.When to leave for London has not been decided yet.15.Mr.Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.句型3：动名词
动名词：动名词(the Gerund)是非限定动词，由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。它具有动词的特征与名词的特征，在各类应试中都是一项重要的测试内容。英语动名词有两个特点，1、它是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征，例如它能带自己的宾语、状语等，这时就叫动名词短语；
2、顾名思义，动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词，因此，动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语等。因为它作为名词来使用，所以动名词也有像名词一样的“所有格形式”。翻译下面句子：
1、在夏天，游泳是最好的锻炼方式。
2、生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针一样。
3、早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
4、考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
5、他当选为我们的主席使我们很开心。
6、同他争论是无用的。
7、学而不实践是没好处的。
8、他的爱好是集邮。
9、他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。
10、他设法避免(escape)患那种疾病。
11、听完了那个滑稽故事，我们忍不住笑了。
12、犯罪嫌疑人(suspect)否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。
13、我期待着您下一次的到来。
14、我们最好把这事推迟到下个星期讨论。
15、他因打断了我们的谈话而向我们道歉。
16、那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。
1.Swimming is the best exercise in summer.2.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.3.Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.4.Cheating in an exam ruins one's character.5.His being elected our chairman made us very happy.6.It is no use arguing with him.7.It is no good learning without practice.8.His hobby is collecting stamps.9.His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.10.He managed to escape suffering from the disease.11.After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing.12.The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.13.I'm looking forward to your coming next time.14.We'd better postpone discussing it till next week.15.He apologized for interrupting us.16.The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.句型4：状语从句
状语从句：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类:(一)、时间状语从句常用when，as，while，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as，hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, the moment等连词引导。
1、你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的（once)。
2、我一有他的答复就给你打电话(as soon as/the moment)。
3、我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了（before)。
4、不久他就把自信车还给我了（before)。
5、每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们(whenever)。
6、他告诉我了我才知道这件事(till)。
7、不亲眼看到，他就不会相信(until)。
8、我每次去他家，他都出去了(every time/each time)。
9、昨晚我写信时他在看电视(while)。
10、随着年龄的增加，她开始变聋了（as, go deaf)。
11、趁年轻我们应该努力学习（while)。【趁热打铁】。
1.Once you see him, you will never forget him.2.I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.3.He ran off before I could stop him.4.It was not long before he returned the bicycle to me.5.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.6.I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.7.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.8.Every time I went to his house, he was out.9.He was watching TV last night while I was writing a letter． 10.As she got older, she began to go deaf.11.We should work hard while we are young.(Strike while the iron is hot.)
（二）原因状语从句
一般用 because, since, now that, as和for引导。偶尔也用considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）引导。
12、他没有回答我的问题仅仅是因为他不会（because)。
13、既然你没有事可做，为什么不帮我呢(since/now that)？
14、由于天越来越晚，我们就回家了(as)。
15、我们必须戒除粗心，由于它会导致错误(for)。
16、由于今于是星期天，我们没有去上学(because并用于强调句型）。
17、他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿（because)。
18、既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧（since/now that)。
19、考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了（considering that）。
12.He didn’t answer my question simply because he couldn't． 13.Since you have nothing to do，why don’t you help me.14.As it was getting late, we went home．
15.We must get rid of carelessnessfor it often leads to errors/mistakes.16.It is because today is Sunday that we don’t go to school.17.He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.18.Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and make a decision.19.Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.（三）地点状语从句
是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导。20、武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处(the Yangtze and the Han River)。
21、有志者，事竟成。
22、哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。
23、他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。
24、村民们在污染严重的地方种植了许多树。
25、年轻人应该到最需要的地方去。
26、我把相片放在我每天都能看到的地方。
27、无论我们去哪里，我们都要全心全意地为人民服务。
28、请站在原地。
20.Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.21.Where there is a will, there is a way.22.You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.23.He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.24.The villagers have planted many trees where the pollution is very serious.25.The young should go where they are most needed.26.I keep the photo where I can see it every day.27.Wherever we go, we will serve the people heart and soul.28.Please stay where you are.（四）引导目的状语从句 的主要连词有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（万一）等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。
29、我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。30、最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。
31、我早晨早早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车。
32、他努力学习以便将来能更好地为人民服务。
33、我们把收音机音量开大以便每个人都能听到那条重要的消息。
29.Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.30.(You had)Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.31.I got up early in the morning so that I could catch the first bus.32.He studies hard in order that he can serve the people better in the future.33.We turned the radio up so that everyone might hear the important news.（五）引导结果状语从句 的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。
34、我们把收音机音量开大，结果每个人都听到了那条重要的消息。
35、他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。
36、我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。
37、这村子太小，所以这地图上没有（show)。
38、Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。
39、他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。
40、我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块（black and blue)。
34.We turned the radio up, so that everyone heard the important news.35.He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.36.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.37.The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.38.Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much.39.He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.40.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.（六）条件状语从句：
表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就„„而言）, on condition that（条件是„„）, suppose（假设）, supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。
41、只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法(as/so long as)。
42、万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿(in case)。
43、如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床(if)。
44、只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间(on condition that)。
45、他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话(unless/if...not)。
46、据我所知，他是一个DNA专家(as far as)。
47、假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办(suppose/supposing)？ 41.As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.42.Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.43.If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.44.We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.45.He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.46.As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.47.Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?
（七）方式状语从句：
方式状语从句常由as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导。
48、入乡随俗(as)。
49、她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的(as if)。50、事情就如你喜欢的那样(as)。
51、我按你的建议把计划修改了(as)。
52、天看起来好像要下雨(as if)。
53、我爱你就像你是我的儿子(as if)。
48.Do in Rome as the Romans do.49.She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.50.Things are just as you like.51.I have changed the plan as you suggested.52.It looks as if it is going to rain.53.I’ve loved you as if you were my son.．.（八）比较状语从句：
比较状语从句常用as …as，than, not so…as, the more…引导。
54、你和他在一起呆的时间越长，你就会越了解他(the more, the more)。
55、上海下的雨比北京的多(than)。
56、我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大(as...as...).57、结果不如我预料的那么好(not as/so...as...)。
54.The longer you stay with him, the beter you will know him.55.It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.56.Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.57.The result was not as/so good as I had expected
（九）让步状语从句：
让步状语从句由although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）, whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。
58、我们就是失败十次也不泄气(even if/even though)。
59、我认为我们还是买这件，虽然它会占去更多的空间(although/though)。60、无论它有多贵，我也要买下它(however/no matter how)。61、不管他们是谁，别让他们进来(whoever/no matter who)。
62、无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错(whatever and however)。63、不管你信不信，这是真的(whether)。
64、不论你走那条路都要三个小时(whichever way)。65、不管你什么时候去看他, 他都在用功(no matter when)。66、不论你做什么, 好好地做(whatever/no matter who)。67、虽然他工作很努力，但还是不能按时完成任务（as)。68、虽然他很年轻，但他懂得很多(as)。
58.We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.59.I think we should get this one, although it may take up more space in the room.60.However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.61.Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.62.No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.63.Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.64.No matter which(whichever)way you take, It takes you three hours.65.No matter when(Whenever)you go to see him, he is always working hard.66.No matter what do you do, do it well.67.Hard as he worked, he couldn't finish the task on time.68.Young as he is, he knows a lot.
第四篇：翻译句型
句型
1.leave sb the choice of...or...要么„，要么„（选择类经典句）
Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么英勇奋战，要么屈膝投降。
The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年过三十，要么结婚，要么单身。
2.be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事（使动类经典句）
The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全国同胞都在注视着我们。如果我们有幸使他们摆脱强加于身的暴政，我们将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。
他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。
The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。
If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all I have.3.it was the memory / memories of 追溯到„，回顾历史（回忆类经典句）
Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.（回顾历史，）人们可能会把 1964 年东京奥运会和 1988 年汉城奥运会分别视为日韩两国发展的转折点。
It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of “Zero Ground”.“零地带”这个术语可以追溯到 1945 年广岛和长崎遭受原子弹袭击的历史时刻。
4.on the premise / ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presuposition that 基于一个前提„（假设类经典句）
中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。
The Chinese government declared the implementation of the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is but one part of China.Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.对投资者的建议是以利率将继续下跌为依据的。
5.be bound to 必定„；一定„（意愿类经典句）
西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣。
The Great Development of Western China is bound to be a bridge between China and other countries, promoting common economic development and prosperity for the whole world.Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.正义之战必胜，侵略之战必败。
6.a matter of sth/doing sth 与„有关的情况或问题（描述类经典句）
Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart.“Eventually, being 'poor' won't be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills.”
请思考一下同一个人在八年前与现在所说的话。“说到底，‘贫穷’与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里，还不如说是技艺不精。”
Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.处理这些问题全凭经验。
7.This is the similar case with/when 这恰如；正如；也会（比较类经典句）
这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称赞。
This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us with our hands clapping in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart's musical pieces.除此以外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育，信息，旅游等消费也会大量增长。
Besides, this is also the case with the citizen's expenditure on education, information, traveling, etc.8.be exemplified by 这一点也证明了„；这点反映在以下事实：„（举例类经典句）
This American desire to keep the children's world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们，这一点也证实了美国人想把儿童世界和成人世界隔离开的愿望。
美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限，这一愿望还反映在以下事实：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们。
The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company.This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人就读同一所学校，这个事实多少说明了这一点。
9.constitute„（不用于进行式）是；认为（判断类经典句）
历史雄辩地说明，中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。
History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.My decision does not constitute a precedent.我的决定不应视为先例。
The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.这一失败是我们外交上的重大挫折。
10.witness...见证„（发生类经典句）
a time or event witnesses sth / sb in a particular situation or doing a particular thing.经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础。
The rapid development in the past 20 years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China.在下一轮的会谈中，我们将宣布中东地区永久停火协议，对此我抱有乐观态度并充满希望。
I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.同传训练方法
首先声明：以下方法必须以非凡的努力为前提，否则同传便无法实现
自我训练：提高同声传译技能的一条重要途径就是自我训练。毕竟不是人人都有机会得到专门化的职业训练。有些译员已经在一线工作了很长时间，具有良好的语言基础和心理素质，如果了解同声传译训练的内容和主要方法是可以进行自我训练的。但同声传译的训练是一个艰苦的过程，学习者一定要有恒心、耐心和决心，并制定切实可行的学习计划，循序渐进逐步提高自己的同声传译水平。当然并非人人都可以进行同声传译的学习，它要求学习者要有扎实的双语基础、良好的心理素质，有一定的连续传译的基础并对同声传译有浓厚的兴趣。以下介绍同声传译专业训练的基本步骤和常用方法。
① 影子练习: 影子练习(shadowing exercise)又叫原语或单语复述练习。就是用同种语言几乎同步地跟读发言人的讲话或事先录制好的新闻录音、会议资料等。该训练的目的是培养译员的注意力分配（split of attention）和听说同步进行的同声传译技能。做影子练习时，开始的时候可以与原语同步开始，经过一段时间的练习后，可以在原语开始后半到一句话跟读原语。跟读原语时不仅仅是鹦鹉学舌，要做到耳朵在听（原语）、嘴巴在说（同种语言复述）、脑子在想（语言内容）。在跟读完一段5-8分钟长度的讲话或新闻之后，应该可以概述出原语的主要内容。在影子练习的后一阶段，可以安排“干扰”练习，就是在听、说同步进行的同时，手也动起来。要求学员从999开始写起，按倒数的形式往下写999、998、997„。影子练习视个人的基础可以进行3-5周（每周2-4小时）的训练，练习形式相对自由，在听广播、看电视、听报告时都可以做此练习。学员在练习中产生了想用译入语同步陈述时就可以转入下一阶段的 练习了。
②原语概述: 原语概述练习是影子练习的延续。就是学员用原语跟读完一段讲话内容后，停下来凭记忆力对刚刚跟读的内容用同种语言进行概述，归纳讲话内容的核心思想。如： “On April 8 we have noticed the news of Japanese Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa’s resignation.This is an internal affairs of Japan.Prime Minister Hosokawa has made a valuable effort to promote Sino-Japanese friendly relations.We hope that Sino-Japanese relations can continue stable and healthful development.” 就可以概括为：“Japanese Prime Minister resigned.We hope this will not have impact on Sino-Japan relations.”开始做该类练习时，间隔时间可以相对短一点，在学员掌握要领之后再逐渐加长。原语概述练习的目的是培养学员短期记忆力、边听、边说、边想（抓核心内容）的习惯。
③译入语概述: 译入语概述练习是在原语概述练习进行一段时间后将概述原语内容用译入语进行。目的是巩固听说同步并逐渐过渡到真正的同声传译。练习时译员不必过度强调句子结构和具体内容，而是培养用简练的译入语传达原语的中心思想和主要信息点。如：“The protection of the environment is a vital component of continued economic development.Here and in Hong Kong decades of explosive growth have taken a toll on the environment resulting in air and water pollution, destruction of the natural environment, traffic congestion and deforestation.Not only does this discourage further economic investment and encourage industries already here for relocate, but it also makes it increasingly difficult for Guangdong to enter into the next level of economic development.” 可以用译入语--汉语概述为：“环境保护是经济持续发展的重要因素。// 过去广东和香港在这方面已有过教训。// 环保是广东吸引更多投资使经济更上一层楼的保障。//”
④视译: 视译（on-sight interpreting）是指同传译员拿着讲话人的发言稿，边听发言、边看原稿、边进行同声传译。在练习时，第一步可以找一些有译文的发言稿，边听发言录音，边做“同声传读。”逐渐过渡到脱离译稿只看原文进行口译。视译时可以用很短时间对原文通读一次，了解发言的主要内容并对语言、专业难点做“译前准备”。
⑤磁带练习: 同声传译是实践性很强的活动，其所涉及到的技巧要靠平时的练习才能为学习者掌握。因此，要在平时做很多的练习才能成为真正合格的同传译员。一般正规训练同传译员的机构都要求受训者除课堂接受的训练外要进行近300磁带时(tape-hours)精听、精练。磁带练习的内容要丰富多彩、题材广泛、音调齐全，要包括中英两种语言。最好是国际会议发言录音或录象。在练习时，可以把自己的翻译录下来，进行分析，找出不足的地方及误译、漏译的地方。任何技能的掌握都是靠平时的日积月累，靠艰苦练习。
⑥模拟会议：这一练习主要针对有组织的课堂教学。自学同传的译员可以自我组织几个或更多爱好者一起来做这个练习。练习要求使用同声传译设备。事先给学员布置好模拟会议题目，如：“环境保护与经济的可持续发展”、“人口控制与经济发展”、“互联网时代的教与学”等，要求学员自己准备5-10分钟的发言两篇（中、英各一篇），由学员自己组织会议、轮流发言、轮流翻译。这一练习形式不但锻炼了学员的口译技巧，同时也使学员掌握了公众演说技巧—口译中另一重要的技巧
第五篇：英语句型翻译
一、A + a 结构
这种结构通常是指一个大句子后面带有一个小结构，翻译方法通常可以将前者翻译成中心句，后面翻译成同位语，介词短语或是分词和定语从句。
例1：现在我们有16个系，下设39个专业。
There are 16 departments with 39 specialties in our school.(后面翻译成with的介词结构，这种形式是最常见的方法。)
例2：北京有10个区9个县，总面积1万6千800平方公里。
There are 10 districts and 9 counties in Beijing with an area of 16 thousand 8 hundred square kilometers.(方法和上句一样。)
例3：中国在2000年悉尼奥运会上，获得28枚金牌，在奖牌榜上名列第三。
China won 28 gold medals at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Game, ranking the 3rd on the medal tally.(这句是将后面的句子翻译成分词结构。)
二、A + a1 + a2 结构
这种结构通常是指在主句后面同时出现了两个小句子，翻译的方法通常是将后两者同时变化成定语从句或是同位语的结构，还可以把其中两个变成介词或是同位语结构，这种结构十分常见。
例1：在过去的1年里，中国贯彻扩大内需的方针，经济得到稳步发展，人民生活水平得到显著提高。
Last year, China implemented the policy of enlarging domestic demands, which led to stable economic development and significant improvement of people’s life.(这种方法就是把后面两句全部变成定语从句，a1和a2同时形成并列结构。)
例2：黄河流经中国的9个省和自治区，全长5464公里，流域面积75万2443平方公里。
The Yellow River runs 5464 kms across 9 provinces and autonomous regions with drainage area of 752,443 square kms.(这句就是把最前句和最后句变成介词结构，中间变成谓语结构。)
三、A + a + B 结构
这种结构和A + a1 + a2非常类似，我们在翻译的时候就是要区分第三个句子究竟能不能和前一个句子连在一起，也就是说最后一个句子和前者有没有密切的关系，当然在有些情况下，这两个句子结构区分起来比较复杂，也比较难以区分。
例1：现在只有5个国家的妇女收入占男性收入的80%以上，而中国妇女的收入相当于男性收入的80.4%。
Now, there are only 5 countries where women’s salaries make up 80% of men’s, while the income of the Chinese women equals to 80.4% that of man’s.(这句话把含有80%的这个小句子翻译成了前者的从句，而后面的一个句子又重新起了一句，很显然前两个句子和第三个句子没有什么逻辑关系。)
例2：据世界卫生组织的报告显示，到2020 年，世界老人将超过10亿，其中7亿生活在发展中国家。目前，全世界60岁以上的老人大约有5.8亿。
According to a report of WHO, by 2020 it is estimated that the population of senior citizens will increase to 1 billion, including 700 million live in the less developed countries.There are 580 million people more than 60 years old all over the world at present.(这句话则比上一句更具有特点，很显然，我们应该把“其中”这样的句子归类为前者，后面再重新起一句，前者形成分词结构。)
四、A + B + b 结构
这种结构和A + a1 + a2也非常类似，我们在翻译的时候就是要区分第二个句子究竟能不能和前一个句子连在一起，也就是说第二个句子和前者有没有密切的关系，当然在有些情况下，这两个句子结构区分起来比较复杂，很难区分。
例1：1990年，只有32%的3岁到6岁的儿童进入幼儿园，但是到1998年年底中国已经有18万幼儿园，接收了2400万儿童。
In 1990, only 32% of children from 3 years old to 6 years old entered kindergartens, but by the end of 1998 there were kindergartens with 24 million children in China.(很显然前面说的一件事情，后面说的两件事情具有逻辑关系，所以我们把后面两句放在一起翻译，并且形成with的介词结构。)
例2：我国于1999年10月已进入人口老龄化国家的行列，我们80岁以上的老人已达1100万，并以年均5%的速度增长。
China has become an aged society since October 1999.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.(这句话的翻译方法和上句同样，第三个句子形成with的介词结构。)
五、A + a1 + a2 + a3 结构
这种结构实际上就是以上几种结构的延伸，这样的延续可能多个，而不止三个，其实方法都是一样，就是将后三者变成并列层次，要么是定语从句，要么是同位语，要么是介词结构。
例1：奥林匹克公园占地1215公顷，其中包括760公顷的森林绿地，50公顷的国际展览体育中心以及405公顷的中华民族园。
The Olympic Games Park covers an area of 1215 hectares, including 760 hectares woods and grassland, 50 hectares International Exhibition Sports Center and 405 hectares Chinese Ethnic Park./The Olympic Park covering 1215 hectares includes 760-hectare woods and grassland, 50-hectare International Exhibition Sports Center and 405-hectare Chinese Ethnic Park.(这句话提供了两种翻译版本，前者是将后三者变成介词短语，第二种把后三者直接变成了表语，总之就是要体现出A句和后几句的差异和关系。)
例2：在奥林匹克公园主建筑区内将建成容纳8万人的主体育场、2个大型综合体育馆、运动员村和国际展览体育中心。
In the main building area of the Olympic Games Park, a main stadium which accommodates 80 thousand people, 2 large sports complexes, the athletes’ village and the International Exhibition Sports Center are now under construction.(这句用的方法还是把后面的四者都变成了主语，和“奥林匹克公园主建筑区”这句形成结构上的差异。)
六、A + a + B + b 结构
这种结构就是把两个A + a结构放在一起，其实方法和第一种很像，但是要形成两个主句和两个从属成分。
例1：2000年，全国共有普通高中14600所，在校生1201万人，职业中学2万所，在校学生1295万人。
In 2000, there were 14.6 thousand regular senior high schools in China with 12.01 million students at school and 20 thousand vocational schools with 12.95 million students at
school.(这句的翻译方法就是用A + with + and + B + with的机构，这种方法出现的频率是最高的。)
例2：2000年，全国有妇幼保健院609个，医务工作者7.2万人，妇幼保健所、站2598个。基层医务工作者7.5万人。
In 2000, there were 609 women and children health centers with 72 thousand health and medical workers and 2598 local women and children health centers with 75 grass root health and medical workers.(这句的翻译方法和上句同样。)
例3：我国于1999年10月已进入人口老龄化国家的行列，并以年均3%的速度持续增长，我 们80岁以上的老人已达1100万，并以年均5%的速度增长。
China has become an aged society since October 1999 with an average annual growth rate of 3%.The number of the aged people over 80 years old reached 11 million with an average annual growth rate of 5%.(这句话说明了两个事实，所以在翻译的时候，我们可以分割成两个A + a结构来进行翻译。)
七、A + B + C 结构
这种结构就是把三个不相关的句子放在一起，那么在翻译的时候我们要注意逐句翻译。而且还要注意看看句子中是否存在有小结构，就是A的下部分有没有a1或是a2等结构。
例1：根据第五次全国人口普查，全国共有12亿9335万人，其中祖国大陆包括31个省，自治区和直辖市，不包括福建省金门，马祖岛和现役军人12亿6580万人，香港特别行政区678万人，澳门特别行政区44万，台湾包括金门，马祖岛共计2228万人。
According to the 5th population census, there were 1 billion 293 million 350 thousand people in China, including the total number/ population of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities excluding Jinmen and Mazu islands in Fujian province and of servicemen of China’s mainland was 1 billion 265 million 830 thousand.The population of Hong Kong SAR was 6 million 780 thousand and that of Macao was 440 thousand as well as that of Taiwan Jinmen and Mazu Islands was 22 million 280 thousand.(这句话总共阐述了三个事实，一个是人数有多少，然后是除了某些地区有多少人，这个部分包括了两个小部分，第三个部分包括了三个地区的人口数量，所以这个句子在翻译的时候首先要分成三个句子，然后再处理三个句子里面的成分，看看是否能够形成连带结构。)
八、A + 倒 A 结构
这种结构就是指前后说的是同一件事情，但是所表达的对象是不一样的。
例1：我很喜欢游泳，你也很喜欢游泳。
I like swimming.So do you.(这个句子就是有两个不同的说话人，但是说的是同样一件事情，所以可归类为后面是前者的“倒”着表达的形式。这种句子翻译的方法就是用so或是否定句中用either。)
例2：2008年，上海的老年人口已经达到了400万，同样北京于同年也达到了400万。
In 2008, the population of senior citizens in Shanghai was 4 million.So was Beijing.(这句翻译的方法雷同于上句。)
九、A + —A 结构这种结构指的是前者说的事情和后者的事情刚好相反来说。例1：我很喜欢你，你也很喜欢我。I like you, and vice versa.(这句话很显然就是前者和后者刚好掉个位置，但是说的同一件事情，翻译的方法就是用vice versa。)
例2：美国人民喜欢******主席，******主席也很喜欢美国人民。
The American people like President Jiangzemin, and vice versa.十、考察完全的名词结构
这种结构一般没有很多的数字，但是名词很多，平时要注意积累词汇，当然更难的则是将词汇和数字结合在一起。
例1：20世纪90年代，我国人口文化素质提高速度之快，是建国以来少有的。这一变化趋势反映了10来我国落实扫除青少年文盲，普及9年义务教育和大力发展高等教育等措施所取得的成果。
Our people’s education level has increased sharply since 1990s.This tendency reflected
our achievements through eliminating illiterates among the young and the middle aged, universalizing the 9-year compulsory education and developing higher education in the past 10 years.(这个句子当中就没有很多的数字，但是名词特别多，包括青少年文盲、九年义务教育和高等教育等等词。)
例2：近年来，中央政府给西藏的财政补贴每年都达12亿元以上，总投资46亿元的62项援藏工程以及中央国家机关有关部委和15个对口支援省、市投资的32亿元援建的716项工程已全部竣工并投入使用。
In recent years, the annual financial subsidy from the central government to Tibet reached 1.2 billion yuan.The 62 aid-Tibet projects with a total investment of 4.6 billion and 716 projects with an investment of 3.2 billion from ministries, commissions, central government institutions and other 15 provinces and cities had been finished and put into operation.(这个句子不但有很多很大的数字，而且还有像财政补贴、有关部委、对口支援和竣工等词，所以这种句子有很大难度，首先要解决数字问题，再解决词汇问题。)
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