高考英语单项选择精品教案-并列句和状语从句

第一篇：高考英语单项选择精品教案-并列句和状语从句

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专题九 并列句和状语从句

高考命题聚焦

1．(2011年高考山东卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.A．even if

B．if only C．in case

D．so that 解析：句意：他准备好了相机，以便他看到好的东西就随时拍下来。even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句； if only“如果„„就好了”，引导虚拟条件句；so that 引导目的和结果状语从句，均不符合句意。由句意可知应选in case，意为“以防万一”。答案：C 2．(2011年高考天津卷)________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A．If

B．As C．Although

D．Unless 解析：句意：虽然有规律的锻炼很重要，但在临睡觉前锻炼却从来不是个好主意。if可引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；as 可引导时间状语从句，表示“当„„时”，若引导让步状语从句，句子需用倒装；分析前句“有规律的锻炼很重要”和后句“临睡前锻炼却不好”可知，前句为后句的让步状语，故选C项，although 表示“虽然”，可引导让步状语从句；unless 表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句。答案：C 3．(2011年高考江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or ________ it is convenient to you.A．whenever

B．however C．whichever

D．wherever 解析：句意：请打电话让我的秘书安排一个会议，在今天下午或是任何你方便的时候。whenever无论何时；however无论如何；whichever无论哪一个；wherever无论何地。此处or连接的是和this afternoon并列的两个时间状语(从句)，故只有A项正确。答案：A 4．(2011年高考陕西卷)________ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.A．Since

B．While C．If

D．As 解析：句意：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。since因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as因为。根据句意选while。答案：B 5．(2011年高考福建卷)It was April 29,2011________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.A．that

B．when C．since

D．before 解析：句意：2011年4月29日，威廉王子与凯特·米德尔顿步入了婚礼殿堂。分析句子结构可知，April 29,2011为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。此题易误选A项that，认为这是强调句型“It's/was＋被强调部分＋that...”的应用。若选 that 的话，April 29,2011前要加介词on。答案：B

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核心考点突破

一、句子的分类

二、并列句的基本概念

并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。

三、常见的并列句

1．表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，not...but...等。

(2011年高考山东卷)Find ways to praise your children often，________you'll find they will open their hearts to you.A．till

B．or C．and

D．but 句意：如果你能找到一些方法来经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。本题所考查的句式为“祈使句＋and/or＋ 陈述句”。本句中前面的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示条件下的结果，故用 and 连接；or表示“否则”，与句意不符。

C 2．表选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...，otherwise等。Either you are right，or I am.要么你对，要么我对。Don't drive so fast，or/otherwise you'll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。

3．表转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas，while等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.简说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。

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Some men are rich，while/whereas others are poor.一些人很富有但其他人很贫穷。

4．表因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。

The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。

5．when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(1)sb.was doing sth.when...(2)sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...(3)sb.had just done sth.when...。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。

We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。

典例2](2011年高考浙江卷)One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.A．after

B．while C．since

D．when 句意：一个周五，我们正在打包裹动身去过周末，就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。表示“正在做某事„„就在这时(突然)„„”用be doing sth.when…，所以D项正确。

D 6．while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。

一、时间状语从句 1．when，while和as when引导的从句的谓语动词既可是一个持续性动词，也可是非持续性动词；while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比；as引导的从句的谓语动词可以是持续性动词，也可以是非持续性动词，有“随着”之意，多用于主从句动作同时发生。

2．as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when，once等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一„„就„„”。3．till，until和not(...)until till，until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某一时间才停止”。not(...)until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“直到……才……”。not(...)until还可以用于强调句和倒装句。4．before和since 若表达“没过……就，过了……才”之意时，须用连词before，句式为“It was/will be＋时间段＋before...”；since意为“自从……”，句式为“It is/has been＋时间段＋since...”。

5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time等名词短语引导时间状语从句时，分别表示“每次……，每次……，下次……，第一次……，任何时候……”。

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Mary made coffee ________her guests were finishing their meal.A．so that

B．although C．while

D．as if 此处的while表示“当„„的时候”，表示两个动作同时发生；“玛丽煮咖啡”和“她的客人吃完饭”这两个动作是同时进行的，因此要用while。

C

二、让步状语从句

1．让步状语从句表示尽管有某种不利于主句动作发生的条件存在，主句中的情况依然会出现。引导让步状语从句的连词比较多，常见的有：although，though，while；even if＝even though；no matter＋疑问词＝疑问词＋ever；whether…or...。

although与though两者意思相近，用法也相近，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。2．as引导让步状语从句要倒装

as引导让步状语从句时，状语、表语及谓语动词的一部分应置于as之前。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。

Tim is in good shape physically ________he doesn't get much exercise.A．as

B．even though C．unless

D．as long as 句意：尽管Tim锻炼得不多，但他的身材保持得很好。此处的even though表示让步，意为“即使”。

B(2011年高考辽宁卷)No matter how________，it is not necessarily lifeless.A．a desert may be dry

B．dry a desert may be C．may a desert be dry

D．dry may a desert be 句意：一个沙漠无论多么干旱，也不一定就没有生命。how 与形容词和可数名词单数连用的顺序为：how＋形容词＋a(n)＋可数名词单数，与其用法一样的还有so，too等。如：so difficult a question 如此难的一个问题；It's too long a journey to make in one day.旅程太远，一天之内到不了。故选B。

B

三、条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless(＝if...not)(除非)，so(as)long as(只要)，in case(以防万一)，on condition that(条件是)，supposing(that)(假设)，provided/providing(that)(假如)等。

(2011年高考江苏卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.A．Otherwise

B．If not C．But for that

D．If so 句意：听起来好像汽车的发动机出了故障。如果这样的话，我们最好马上把它开到维修厂(修理一下)。otherwise否则，要不然； if not如果不是这样的话；but for that 要不是那样。以上三项均不符合句意和语境。if so“如果这样的话”，符合句意和语境。if so 相当于 if something is wrong with the car's engine。

D(2011年高考湖南卷)Jack wasn't saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him________he had done something very clever.第 4页

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A．as if

B．in case C．while

D．though 句意：杰克什么也没说，但是老师朝着他笑，就好像他做了非常明智的事情一样。

as if 好像；in case以防万一；while当„„时候，而，却；though尽管。由句意可知应选A项。

A

四、地点、原因状语从句 1．地点状语从句

地点状语从句是表示主句谓语动词的动作发生的地点的状语从句，引导词有where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等。2．原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since，now(that)，for，seeing(that)，considering that等，每个连词的含义不尽相同。

Today，we will begin________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A．when

B．where C．how

D．what 句意：今天我们从昨天我们停止的地方开始，以便我们不遗漏任何一点。where引导地点状语从句。

B

五、目的、结果状语从句

1．引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防万一”，符合题意。ever since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”；even if引导让步状语从句，意思是“即使”。

D

五、目的、结果状语从句

1．引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。

Leave your key with a neighbor ________you lock yourself out one day.A．ever since

B．even if C．soon after

D．in case in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防万一”，符合题意。ever since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”；even if引导让步状语从句，意思是“即使”。

D She had a tense expression on her face，________she was expecting trouble.A．even though

B．as though C．so that

D．now that 题意：她表情紧张，好像预料到麻烦要来。as if/though引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”。而even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”。

B 高考秘笈

状语从句的易错点

________you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A．However a serious problem

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B．What a serious problem C．However serious a problem D．What serious a problem

C 该句意“无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”，由此可知，应由however引导让步状语从句，语序为“however＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词”。如果对however的词性不明确，会导致误选A项。

考查状语从句的题目，应着重考虑以下几点。

1．要根据前后句的逻辑关系判断是哪一种状语从句。2．注意when/while/as引导时间状语从句时的异同。3．注意区别until和till的不同用法。

4．一些名词短语和副词以及一些固定句式都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。5．注意because/as/since/now that等引导原因状语从句时异同。

6．although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。7．no matter who/what/where/how等可引导让步状语从句，相当于whoever/whatever/wherever/however等。但whoever/whatever/ whichever还可引导名词性从句。

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第二篇：并列句和状语从句

1.Mary made coffee____ her guests were finishing their meal.A.so that

B.although

C.while

D.as if 2.The little boy won’t go to sleep ____ his mother tells him a story.A.or

B.unless

C.but

D.whether

3.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.A.once

B.when

C.if

D.unless 4.______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A.However to face the challenge

B.What a serious problem C.However serious a problem

D.What serious a problem

5._______ our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept his as a member.A.Until

B.Unless

C.If

D.After

6.______ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A.As

B.While

C.Until

D.Once 7.John thinks it won’t be long ____ he is ready for his new job.A.when

B.after

C.before

D.since 8.---Our holiday cost a lot of money.---Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter ______ you enjoyed yourselves.A.as long as

B.unless

C.as soon as

D.though

9.The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.A.before

B.until

C.as

D.since

10.The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _______ they have the interest.A.wherever

B.whenever

C.even if

D.as if

11.Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a large one _____ it becomes available.A.as soon as

B.unless

C.as far as

D.until

12.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ________ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A.although

B.unless

C.because

D.if 13.Tom was about to close the window ________ his attention was caught by a bird.A.when

B.if

C.and

D.till 14.Tim is in good shape physically _______ he doesn’t get much exercise.A.if

B.even though

C.unless

D.as long as

15.Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break _____ she got to her office.A.since

B.that

C.when

D.until

16.Today, we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A.when

B.where

C.how

D.what 练习二

1._______ well prepared a gymnast is, he still needs a lot of luck in performing.A.Whatever

B.Although

C.No matter

D.However

2._______ the activities might seem childish, in reality they require a lot of strength and determination.A.When

B.As

C.While

D.Once 3.Too high house prices can be brought under control, ______ the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.A.even if

B.as if

C.so that

D.provided that

4.A small car is big enough for a family of three ______ you need more space for baggage.A.once

B.because

C.if

D.unless 5.It is morning _____ we have four classes, not afternoon.A.when

B.which

C.that

D.why 6.How can you keep fit ______ you smoke so much? A.as

B.while

C.when

D.for

7.It’s really dangerous to work on the roof.______ , you should take care of yourself.A.Therefore

B.However

C.Otherwise

D.Yet

8.I’m not sure whether I will have anything else to do tomorrow.______ , I will try every possible means to come to the party.A.Even though

B.Anyhow

C.If so

D.Instead

9.The police helicopter managed to land on the roof and rescued all the people _______ the fire burnt up to the top of the building.A.after

B.before

C.until

D.while

10._____ the Customs Office, he will have to declare this sort of things he carries with him to the customs officer.A.No matter who will come through

B.Who comes through C.No matter whom comes through

D.Whoever comes through 11.Your article must be sent by e-mail _____ it can meet the deadline.A.or else

B.so that

C.in case

D.for fear 12.You can imagine ________ one feels ______ everybody dislikes him.A.when, if

B.if, when

C.if, how

D.how, if 13.Why not stay at home _______ the road is so slippery after the heavy snow? A.since that

B.after that

C.then that

D.now that

14.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers ______ it was too late to tell them.A.as

B.that

C.until

D.when 15._________ , I could not memorize the test.A.However hard did I try

B.However hard I tried

C.However I tried hard

D.However I had tried hard

16.I don’t think Maria will be disappointed at the news, but I will see her _______ she is.A． as if

B.so that

C.in case

D.even though

17.During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up ____ old shabby houses were torn down.A.where

B.in what

C.in which

D.which

18.Many people cannot learn any lessons from the mistakes ________ they get hurt somehow.A.whether

B.unless

C.if

D.when 练习三

1.---What should we do since we can’t make a compromise after lengthy talks?---_______ you apologize and take back what you’ve said _____ it is all over between us.A.Not only, but also

B.Either, or

C.Neither, nor

D.Whether, or 2.---Some Chinese students find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.---Exactly, _______ they’re learned a lot about grammar and known many words.A.if only

B.now that

C.as if

D.even if

3.It was on my way home _____ my father made the promise ______ I can do well in next exam he will buy me whatever I want.A.that, that

B.where, that if

C.that, if

D.that, that if

4.Napoleon’s story proves that to be a hero has nothing to do with size, with a smart mind and a brave heart.A.and

B.so

C.or

D.but 5.---My son is addicted to drugs.He isn’t hopeless, is he?

---Yes, _______ he mends his ways and starts all over.A.if

B.when

C.even if

D.unless 6.---When shall we go planting trees in the hill?

---______ it begins to rain, so they don’t need watering.A.Not until

B.While

C.Till

D.Unless

7.You can’t complain of being lonely ____ you don’t make any effort to communicate with others.A.when

B.until

C.unless

D.once 8.---Did Jack come back early last night?

---Yes.It was not eight o’clock _____ he arrived home.A.before

B.that

C.when

D.until 9.______ I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right to do so.A.As

B.If

C.While

D.When

10.He is a nice listener, ______ he feels the time is right he will give you his thoughts.A.until

B.after which

C.if

D.and when 11.His children are well-behaved, _____ those of this sister’s are very naughty.A.and

B.whereas

C.thus

D.so

12.We missed our train, and _______ the next train was delayed, ______ we had to wait for two hours.A.on top of that, so B.as a result, then

C.what was worse, however

D.because, therefore 13.How long do you think _____ the computer company launches a new model? A.it will be before

B.will it be until

C.will it when

D.it will be that

14.Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ______ we basically change the way we live.A.but

B.although

C.unless

D.once 15.If I were rich, I should help them out.______ , I can do nothing.A.As is often the case

B.As is it

C.As the case is often

D.As it is 16.Young ______ he is, he knows a great deal about advanced technology.A.as

B.although

C.so

D.yet 17.Stop making so much noise _______ my neighbor will start complaining.A.or else

B.but still

C.and then

D.so that

18.You can’t attend the party tonight because it is stormy.____, you still haven’t got over your high fever.A.Therefore

B.however

C.Moreover

D.Thus 19.How long do you suppose it is _______ he arrived there ? A.when

B.before

C.after

D.since

20.This study shows that _____ languages may differ;the order in which young kids learn the parts of speech appears to be the same across different languages.A.since

B.so

C.while

D.but 参考答案：

一．1—5CBDCB 6—10 DCAAC 11—16 ACABCB 二．1—5 DCDDA

6—10 CABBD 11—15 BDDCB

16—18 CAB 三． 1---5 BDDDD

6—10 AACCD 11—15 BAACD 16—20 AACDC

第三篇：英语状语从句

（三）状语从句

（一）时间状语从句

例题 I didn’t manage to do it _____ you had explained how.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.since 分析 时间状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句动作发生的时间。引导这种从句的词有after, before, as, when, while , till , until, since, once;连接副词immediately 等；起连接作用的短语as soon as, by the 不能用形容词such.例如：

● Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4.so+ adj.(adv.)+that+从句●The boy is so old that he can go to school.5.so + adj.+ a(an)+单数名词

●He is so good a student that we all like him.time, hardly…when, no sooner…than等。例如： ● I was writing a letter when he came in.● She did not go to bet until she(had)finished her homework.● It is nearly six years since we began to learn English.● Once you begin, you must go on.● By the time I arrived at the station, the train had left.时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态用法，应注意下面两点： 1． 要用一般现在时替代一般将来时，例如： ● I’ll let him know when he comes.2.要用一般过去时替代过去将来时，例如： ●He said he would wait here until I came back.例题的意思是：“直到你说明怎么办之后，我才设法把这件事做好。”根据题意，须由until 引导此例的时间状语从句，所以正确答案应为B。

（二）地点状语从句

例题 When you read the book , you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.A.at whichB.at whereC.the place whereD.where

分析 地点状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的处所或方向，这种从句通常用连接副词where，wherever(无论在哪里，无论到哪里)引导。例如： ● Where there is oppression, there is struggle.例题的意思是：“你看书时，最好在有问题的地方做一个记号。”此复合句中的从句是个地点状语从句，须用连接副词where 引导，所以正确答案应为D。

（三）结果（程度）状语从句

例题 She told us _____story that we all forgot about the time.A.such an interestingB.such interesting aC.so an interestingD.a so interesting

分析 结果状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作所引起的结果。这种从句由such…that, so…that, so that等引导。其用法举例如下： 1． Such +a(an)+(adj.)+单数可数名词+ that+从句

● He left in such a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.2.such+(adj.)+复数可数名词+从句

●He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.3.such+(adj.)+不可数名词+that+从句

●He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exam.在“such+ adj.+ n.+that+ clause”这个结构中，其中名词由many, much, few, little 修饰时，须用副词so,例题中的结果状语从句由“such+ an + adj.+单数可数名词+that”引导。属于第一种情况，所以正确答案应为A。

（四）目的状语从句

例题 I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.A.sinceB.so thatC.as ifD.unless 分析 目的状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的目的。这种从句用连词so that, in order that 等引导。目的状语从句的谓语动词中常有情态动词may/might, can/ could, will/ would 和should.例如：

● He is working hard so that he may pass his examination.例题中有一个目的状语从句，所以正确答案应为D。

（五）条件状语从句

例题_____he comes, we won’t be able to go.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even 分析 条件状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示主句的动作发生的条件、假定等。条件状语从句通常由连词if, unless和起连接作用的短语so/ as long as(只要)，so far as(就…)，suppose(that)(假定)等引导。例如：

● If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.● He will not come unless he is invited.● Suppose he is absent, what shall we do?

● As long as we don’t lose heart , we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.例题的选项中只有unless 可以引导一个条件状语从句，所以正确答案应为B。

（六）让步状语从句

例题 _____, he doesn’t study well.A.As he is cleverB.He is as cleverC.Clever as he isD.As clever he is

分析 让步状语从句在复合句中作状语，表示某种不利的情况或障碍，但这些因素并不能阻止主句的动作的发生。这种从句通常用连词although, though, as, however等；连接代词whatever, whoever等；起连接作用的短语even if though, no matter how what who 等引导。例如： ● Although/ Though the task was difficult, they managed to complete it in time.● Young as he is, he knows a lot.用as 引导让步状语从句时，常用倒装语序，如上面例句所示。● Nobody believed him no matter what / whatever he said.● He will never succeed.however/no matter how hard he tries.● Even if/ though an icy wind blew from the north, we always slept with our windows open.例题中有一个as 引导的让步状语从句，故从句中的表语clever 须放到as 前面去，所以正确答案应为C。

第四篇：状语从句教案

高一英语语法教案

高一英语【北师大版】必修一语法 【一】分词作状语的区别

（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。He went out，shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better 2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。

Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)作宾补时，如果动词和宾语之间是主动关系，用现在分词； 如果是被动关系或者表示状态，用过去分词

we left him crying outside the gate.we found his hands tied behind his back.we found the world outside changed.状态

用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系 【二】分词作定语的区别 1.现在分词做定语：

从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示 1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动)

Do you know the boy standing at the door?

à Do you know the boy who is standing at the door?

A developing country needs aids.àA country that/which is developing needs aids.They lived in a house facing the south àThey lived in a house that faced the south.The man wearing a red tie is our head.àThe man who wears a red tie(戴红领带)is our head.The workers working in the factory are well-paid.àThe workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.在这家工厂工作的工人报酬很好 2．过去分词做定语

从功能上看，过去分词做定语表示1）被动（及物）；2）完成（不及物）。做定语：相当于一个定语从句（被动），有时侯也表示完成的 The broken window was repaired this morning.The window broken yesterday was….àThe window that/which was broken yesterday was…..昨天被打破的玻璃今早被修好了

The sold hamburgers are not to my taste.The hamburgers sold in this chain are not to…..这家连锁店卖的汉堡不适合我的口味 The hamburgers that/which are sold in this chain are not to….The arrived guests will be led in.（此过去分词表示完成）The guests arrived just now will….刚到的客人将会被带进来 The guests who arrived just now will be….The book that was written by Wang sells well.àThe book written by Wang sells well.The tie that is worn by our head is made in Shanghai.àThe tie worn by our head is made in SH The shoes(that were)made in a small factory are of bad quality.小厂产的鞋子质量差

反之，一个定语从句可以转化为分词做定语的结构

The man I introduced to you yesterday had just returned from Japan.The man introduced to you by me yesterday had just…昨天我给你介绍的那人刚从日本回来

He is a man who is loved by all.à He is a man loved by all.他是个大家所热爱的人 The leaves that have fallen are collected by the cleaners.àThe fallen leaves are collected…

That letter I received last week was from Li.à The letter received last week was from Li.【三】状语从句的省略

一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则：

（1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时且从句中含有BE动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：

① 连词（as, as if , once）+ 名词

如：Once(he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.庞龙曾经是个工人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。

②连词（though, whether , when）+形容词

如：Work hard when(you are)young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。

③连词(whether, as if ,while)+介词短语

如：He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。

④连词(when , while , though)+ 现在分词

如：While(he was)holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W.Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。

⑤ 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as)+ 过去分词

如：The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.这次展览比被预料的有趣的多

⑥ 连词(as if ,as though)+ 不定式

如：Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好象要说什么。

（2）当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是 it，从句中又含有系动词be 的某种形式时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。如：Unless(it is)necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。

各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下：

一、时间状语从句中的省略

When(she was)very young, she began to learn to play the piano.她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。

While(I was)at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。

When arriving, send me a telegram.(When you arrive, send me a telegram.)到达之后，来个电报。

Before leaving, turn off all the lights.(Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)走之前，请关闭所有的灯。

Don’t come in until(you are)asked to.不叫你请你不要进来。

Whenever(it is)possible, you should come and help.不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。

You should let us know the result as soon as(it is)possible.你应尽快让我们知道结果。

注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.二、地点状语从句中的省略

地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver)possible, where(ver)necessary，Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。

Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。

三、条件状语从句中的省略

常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如：

Send the goods now if(they are)ready.货物如果准备好了，请送过来。

He will come if(he is)asked.如果叫他来，他就来。

If(it is)necessary, ring me at home.如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。

Come along with me if(it is)possible.如果有可能和我一起去吧.。

If(it is)true, this will casue us a lot of trouble.如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。

There are few people nowadays, if(there are)any, who remember him.很少有人能记起他。

You should stay where you are, unless(you are)asked to leave.你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。

四、让步状语从句中的省略

He is a good man, though sometimes(he is)rather dull.他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。

Even if(I am)invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture.即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告。

五、比较状语从句中的省略

She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you(do).她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。

She has finished the work earlier than(it has been)expected.【四】with复合结构

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重

要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二

部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1.with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2.with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3.with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4.with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5.with或without-名词/代词 +分词。下面分别举例：

1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)

3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)

5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语)Without anything left in the cupboard, shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)

二、with结构的用法

在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with结构的特点

1.with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如： With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)She fell asleep with the light burning.→(The light was burning.)With her hair gone,there could be no use for them.→(Her hair was gone.)2.在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明：

1.with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

2.with结构作状语时,不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。

例如： With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3.with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和特点,而“介词with+名词或代词(组)”组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、原因,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合结构,也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。

4.with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构,但在结构上,with结构由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰,结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导,结构严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上,with结构可以作定语,独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with结构则不能。

独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with结构较口语化,较常用。例如： There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+复合宾语”结构,在句中作定语)A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构,作主语)The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格结构,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构,作状语,表示伴随情况)board, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语)1.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished 2.----Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.----Sorry.With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.(2007 福建)A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled 3.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.（2005 北京）A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on 4.________ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides C.As for D/ Because of 5.It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)A.for B.with C.from D.of 6.The young woman _______ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.A.with B.because C.on D.like 7.Everyone should go to sleep with the light turned off.A.as B.with C.for D.on 8._______ so many homework to do, Mary won’t have time to play with her friends this morning.A.Without B.With C.By D.Because 9._______ the door open, the noise of the machines is almost deafening.A.Because B.As C.With D.Because of 10._______ his mother out, he had to stay at home alone.A.As B.For C.Because D.With 11._______ all things considered, her proposal is of greater than his A.Like B.With C.On D.Without 12._______ time permitting, we will visit the Summer Palace.A.By B.On C.With D.As 参考答案：1-5ABAAB 6-12ABBCDBC 文 章来源

第五篇：状语从句教案

状语从句 联系链： 1。引导词的角度

（1）可以同时用于名词性从句和状语从句的引导词：when , whatever , that , where(2)可以同时用于形容词性从句和状语从句的引导词：as , that , where , when 2.功能的角度

（1）状语从句具有副词的功能

（2）定语从句具有形容词的功能

（3）名词性从句具有名词的功能 3.从句所作成分的角度

（1）名词性从句充当：主语，宾语，表语，同位语

（2）形容词性从句充当：定语

（3）副词性从句充当：状语 4.句子结构的角度

(1)状语从句和名词性从句成分完整(2)定语从句成分不完整 5。语序角度

状语从句

倒装

特殊句式 6。连词角度

主从句的逻辑关系

两个句子的关系

并列句 知识链

1。状语从句

时间状语从句

地点状语从句

原因状语从句

目的状语从句

条件状语从句

结果状语从句

让步状语从句

比较状语从句

方式状语从句 2。功能角度

在整个主从句中作状语 3。从句关系角度

主从句中的主谓不一致

4。主从句位置角度

可前可后 5。语境角度

主从句逻辑关系

选择连词

部分连词引起的倒装 6。时态的角度

时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句一般用现在时 模型链 状语从句

定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类（见下表）1．时间状语从句：

在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：

(1)表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when（当……的时候）, while（当……的时候）, as（当……的时候）, as soon as（一……就……）, once（一旦……）等。如： Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思）我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。

As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。

(2)表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后，主要连词有：after（在……之后）, before（在……之前）, when(=after)等。如：

After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。

It was not long before I forgot it all.(It is / was / will be …before…是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）

我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义)(3)表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。例如：

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

（4）表示持续性或瞬间性，主要连词有：since（自从）, ever since（自从）, until（直到……才/为止）, till（直到……才/为止）等。如： It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was… since…是常用句型）

我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长）自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。

The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.(ever since可以放在句末，since则不能)这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。

My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。

Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上发生了意外。

I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.(但Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.“till”不位于句首)他告诉我了我才知道。2． 地点状语从句

地点状语从句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的： Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)哪有问题，你最好在哪做个记号。

He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。

3．原因状语从句

表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）, because(因为), since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：

I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。

Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会。

Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。

As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。

4.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（万一）等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：

Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形，或省略should）

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

5.结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致..), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

What has happened that you all look so excited? 发生了什么事，使你们都显得如此兴奋？

He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。（such是形容词，后接名词）

The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。（so是副词，后接形容词或副词）

Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that….Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。

但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。例如：

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。

I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.我当时囊肿羞涩，连一份小小礼物都买不起。6． 条件状语从句

表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）, suppose（假设）, supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。

Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。

If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床。

We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。

As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。

He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。

Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？

7． 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导：

Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。

She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）8． 比较状语从句

比较状语从句常由than（比）, as（与……一样）等词引导： It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。The busier he is, the happier he feels.（常见句型）他越忙越开心。9． 让步状语从句

让步状语从句由although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）, whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。如：

We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。

It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although不能与 but连用)Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。

However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。

No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：

Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：

It was hard work;;I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。