第一篇:外国电影名称翻译的标准研究
外国电影名称翻译的标准研究
摘 要:随着社会经济的迅速发展,外国电影已融入到人们的日常生活中。人们在谈论某个电影的好坏时,首当其冲的则是电影名称,一个好的电影名称要能够简单明了的概括出电影的主要内容,对电影的主题进行直接的揭示,对观众产生很强的新引力。
关键词 :外国电影名称;翻译;标准
鉴于电影名称的重要性,对翻译电影名称的标准进行了研究,在这之前我们需要先了解一下外国电影名称翻译的方法和翻译的基本原则,本文在分析外国电影名称翻译方法的基础上,对外国电影翻译时需要遵循的原则及电影名称翻译标准做如下分析。
一、外国电影名称翻译的方法
(一)音译
英文电影中在很多情况下都使用地名或人名作为影片的名称。对于国内观众比较熟悉的地点或人物,我们在翻译电影名称时可以采用直接音译的办法,在有效传达影片信息的同时,还能够很好地保留期历史文化内涵。例如“Roek”译为“洛奇”;“roy”译为“特洛伊”;“King Hong”译为“金刚”等。但在进行音译时要考虑到具体的情况,并不是所有的这类影片都适用于音译。例如“Erin Brockovieh”如果进行音译,则十分绕口,阻碍了影片的传承。我们根据影片的具体内容,将其翻译为“永不妥协”这样更符合影片的主要内容,同时也是对影片中人物精神的一种赞扬。
(二)直译和意译
直译要求在进行翻译过程中,不要轻易改变原名的句子结构、用词等,最大限度的把持原状,在此基础上要做到通俗易懂。当原名翻译过来后的表面意思与影片所涉及的深层含义相差不多时,我们应当采用直译的方式进行翻译,这也是此种情况下的最佳翻译方式。例如,我们可以把“Top Gun”直译为“最好的枪”;“Dead Poets Societ”直译为“死亡诗社”;“Legends of the Fall”直译为“秋日传奇”。进行意译时主要考虑的是片名的意义,翻译后的名称能够大概的表达影片意思即可,也不像直译一样注重原名的语言形式,在翻译时比较随意,但是我们不能对其应有内容进行删除,也不可以随意添加新的内容。意译适用于表面意思和深层含义相差较大的情况,此外,当直译过来的影片名称对于本地观众来说比较难以理解时,也要采用意译的方式进行大胆翻译。
(三)音译与意译相结合
这种音译和意译相结合的方式主要适用于那些没有太多的实际意义的电影名称。这种情况下按可在进行适当音译的基础上,根据本地区观众的实际情况进行意译,这样在形式和内容上都能达到要求。
二、翻译时应遵循的原则
掌握了以上几种翻译方法,在翻译中我们还要坚持以下几个原则。
(一)娱乐原则
电影具有很强的娱乐性和商业性。一个好的片名能为电影带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益。因此,在翻译影片名称时要依照娱乐性原则,在突出电影主要内容的情况下,使名称诙谐幽默,引起人们的兴趣。
(二)信息原则
在对影片名称进行翻译时,新的影片名要最大限度的将原片名的全部信息都表现出来,保留原片名的形式及其深层次的含义。如果能做到这一点那就再好不过了,但是在实际中,常常由于各地文化的差异,在某些方面会出现一些不协调的状况,这还需要我们在尽量保持原有信息的情况下,根据实际情况进行调整。
(三)美学原则
电影是艺术的一种,任何艺术类型都有很强的美学价值。因此,在翻译电影名称时要尽量使其具有美学效果。例如对美国电影“One Flew Over the Cuckoo‘s Nest”,我们将其翻译为“飞越疯人院”,这原本是一部十分严肃而且有教育意义的影片,经过这样的一种翻译,为影片添加了幽默诙谐的成分,更加的生动,且在吸引人们观看完电影后,还能引起人们对“疯人院”这个名词的深思。
综上所述,我们在对影片名称进行翻译时,要从整体出发,按照三种原则来进行,找到其最好的结合方式,发挥片名在影片中的重要作用。
三、外国电影名称翻译的标准
(一)对影片内容要有真实的反映 一部电影的名称,首先要做到的是对电影内容进行准确的提炼和总结,这也是电影名称的一个最基本的作用。电影名称是电影中重要的一部分,这是观众在接触某一个影片时最先接触到电影信息,人们在谈论某部影片时最先提到的总是影片的名字,影片名称要对影片整体内容有着精炼的概括。很多人把翻译看作是一种艺术,在进行日常的翻译工作时有许多的标准,其中最重要的一点就是:翻译人员要全面透彻的了解原文的内容和文字,可见翻译工作必须要真实的反映原文内容。一个成功的电影名称翻译,必须要做到的就是对电影的主要内容有真实全面的反映,忠实于原内容,必须具有其承载和概括电影或相关内容的功能。对于那些使用关键事物的名字、事件发生的地名、事件的主人公名字来充当电影片名的影片来说,达到这个标准是十分的容易,因为这些名称就能很好地反映出影片的内容。此外,当电影片名为描述某个事件的短语时,也能够十分轻松的达到这个标准。
例如:我们将“Back to the Future”译为“回到未来”、“Titanic”译为“泰坦尼克号”,“Gandhi”译为“甘地”,通过这样的翻译,能够通过影片的名称更直接的把电影的主要内容和信息传递给观众,充分激发观众的兴趣,在兴趣和好奇心的引导下,观众通过多种方式观看电影。还有一部分影片在进行名称的翻译时,为了能够真实具体的反映影片内容,需要翻译者对影片十分的了解,准确的抓住影片的中心思想,此时,可以对电影的原名进行改动,在改动不合适的情况下,可以对其进行完全的替换,以成为一个合格的影片名称,发挥其基本功能。
例如:“Ghost”一般译为“猛兽”、“鬼”,但是为了准确的概括影片的内容,我们把它翻译为“人鬼情未了”,对于“NottingHill”的 翻译,我们没有直译为“诺丁山”,彻底的抛弃了其原有的名字,根据影片内容将其翻译为“摘星情缘”,这种例子还有很多,为了真实的概括影片的内容,我们放弃了对影片名字的直译,取得了更好地效果。真实反映影片内容,是在翻译国外电影名称时要首先考虑的一个标准。
(二)对观众有足够的吸引力
电影的名字在某种程度上决定着一个电影的票房,好的电影名是一部成功电影中必不可少的要素,电影名称的好坏关键还是要看它对观众有没有吸引力。因此,除了以上的两个标准之外,再翻译电影名称时另外的一个重要标准就是要能够吸引观众。所以在进行翻译时要尽量的追求创新,增添美感或者悬念,同时还要有强烈的感官冲击。我们可以采取减词、增词、模仿、遣词造句以及自由跟风等方式进行翻译。比如,我们将影片“Speed”译为“生死时速”,把原本一个单词的片名,翻译成让人听到后就会联想到激烈搏杀场面的名字,我们还把“Piano”翻译成“钢琴别恋”,也是把一个单词扩展为一个短语,短语中又影射着一段吸引人的故事,这些翻译方式,能够使翻译后的影片名称更加吸引观众,更能满足观众的心里需求,勾起观众的观影兴趣。
(三)要很好地展现原片名的历史文化内涵
语言的发展离不开文化的发展,离开了文化语言也就不存在了。任何一种语言都是被某个民族所掌握的,具有很强的民族性,是对该民族传统文化的反映,同时也在某种程度上也是一种文化。在进行电影名称的翻译工作时,要充分的考虑到电影所拥有的历史文化内涵,在翻译的过程中,努力做到更好地展现这种文化内涵。让翻译过来的影片名称既有文化价值又有美学价值。当一部电影的名称中所包含的历史文化方面的内涵在翻译后能够被其他民族认可,那么我们在这种电影名称的翻译中通常采用直译,例如我们将“Star war”翻译成“星球大战”,把“sound of Music”翻译成“音乐之声”等,这些影片名称在进行翻译后,仍能很好地展现原片名的文化内涵。但是有的影评名称就不能进行直译,例如我们不把“Seven”译为“七”而是“七宗罪”;不把“IronMan”翻译成“钢铁人”而是“钢铁侠”;不把“Cleopatra”翻译成“克里奥佩拉”而是“埃及艳后”等,这些都与影片国家的历史文化有关,在美国文化里,奉行个人英雄主义,所以把“人”译为“侠”;人们一般对埃及没有什么了解,不明白“克里奥佩拉”是什么,所以根据埃及的一些特点,结合影片内容将其译为“埃及艳后”,如果对这些片名进行直译,那么影片名称中所含的当地历史文化得不到很好地展现,我们要找到合适的词语进行替换,这样能够更好地实现对影片美学价值和文化价值的传承,更容易被人们接受。因此,充分的展现和继承原片名和历史文化内涵也是我们在进行影片名称翻译时要遵循的一个标准。
(四)影片名称要简单易懂
在对影片名称进行翻译时,要保证译名简单、易懂。没有谁喜欢既长又难懂的片名,如果片名过长,人们难以记住,导致影片的普及工作出现障碍。所以人们在对影片名称进行翻译时,一般翻译为四个字,这样比较简洁,词语的结构一把为主谓、偏正、动宾和并列,例如“小鬼当家”、“永无止境”、“怒火攻心”、“的士速递”等,这种片名既简单又易懂,同时还有很强的节奏感。
以上就是对国外电影名称翻译标准的研究与介绍,希望有关人员在翻译国外电影的名称时,充分参照以上标准,做好影片的传播工作。总 结:
本文首先介绍了电影名称的特点,然后对在进行外国电影名称翻译时的具体方法和原则进行了简单的论述,结合这些特点、方法和原则对外国电影名称翻译的标准进行了研究,研究中结合具体的例子对每种方法进行了阐述,希望都过自己的研究能够帮助翻译人员做好影片名称的翻译工作,吸引更多的人去观看影片。参考文献:
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从交际翻译理论看幽默对话翻译——以《老友记》第一季为例 105 模糊数词在英语习语中的构成形式及其修辞功能 106 重新诠释玛格丽特的人生悲剧根源
从爱伦·坡《黑猫》探讨人性的善良与邪恶 108 以姚木兰和斯嘉丽为例看东西方女性意识差异 109 中西跨文化交际中的礼貌问题之比较分析 110 从女性主义看《呼啸山庄》
从后殖民视角解读《孤独的割麦女》 112 论英语新课标下高中生跨文化意识的培养 113 浅析《红字》中象征手法的运用
English Teaching and Learning in China's Middle School 115 英文电影名汉译中的功能对等 116 论《小镇畸人》中人物的怪诞性
二元对立模型在伍尔夫《达洛卫夫人》中的应用 118 初中英语教学中的角色扮演 119 “误译”现象的合理性探析 120 如何有效地扩展大学生英语词汇
On Characteristic Features of the Main Characters in The Moon and Sixpence 122 观春潮:浅析“戏仿”背后海明威性格阴暗面 123 从归化与异化的角度研究《金锁记》的翻译策略 124 中西餐桌礼仪文化差异
A Naturalistic Approach to Jude’s Tragedy in Jude the Obscure 126 浅析托妮·莫里森《宠儿》中人物的身份建构 127 从社会符号学角度浅谈汉语“一”字成语翻译 128 从言语行为理论研究广告英语中的隐喻 129 《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中阶级面面观
A Contrastive Study on Traditional Festivals in Chinese and Western Cultures—from the
Perspective of the Disparity between Spring Festival and Christmas Day 131 美国战争电影的人性和文化透视--以《拯救大兵瑞恩》为例 132 中西建筑文化差异及其形成背景分析 133 通过会话原则分析手机短信语言
从目的论看《生活大爆炸》的字幕翻译 135 英语电影片名翻译策略研究
浅析《恋爱中的女人》的圣经意象原型——从原型批评角度解读 137 从情景喜剧《老友记》浅析美国俚语的幽默效果 138 英文电影题目翻译的异化与归化研究
“黑人会飞”——托妮•莫里森小说《所罗门之歌》中的黑人神话研究 140 从合作原则违反角度分析《破产姐妹》中的幽默话语 141 从《葡萄牙人的十四行诗集》探究布朗宁夫妇的爱情 142 Judy’s Double Character in Daddy-Long-Legs 143 从校园流行语看中美学生思维方式的差异 144 从麦当劳看美国快餐文化
论亨利•詹姆斯的世态小说的特征—以《黛西•米勒》和《贵妇画像》为例 146 论企业对员工过度压力的管理
论简·奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观 148 从目的论的角度来看新闻英语中委婉语的翻译 149 目的论下进口汽车说明书的翻译研究 150 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 151 《傲慢与偏见》中的对立与统一
152平衡的维系——《天钧》中的道家思想 153 英语广告语中隐喻的研究 154 商务信函中的语气结构分析
155 论《永别了,武器》中战争对人物的影响 156 论被动句的翻译
157 从《蝙蝠侠:黑暗骑士》与《叶问》看中美电影中塑造英雄方式的差异 158 《红字》中替罪羊形象的分析
159 文化全球化语境下中英婚姻习俗的对比研究 160 从《爱玛》看简•奥斯丁的女性主义意识 161 从生态女性主义视角解读《喜福会》
162 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》中哈克和吉姆的人物形象分析
163 A Contrastive Study on Language Features of Chinese and English Proverbs 164 李安电影中的文化融合现象
165 语音歧义和语义歧义的语言学分析 166 爱伦坡侦探小说中恐怖气氛的营造方法 167 大学英语课堂教学师生互动建构浅析
168 从唯美主义的角度论《道林.格蕾的画像》中的主要人物 169 英语幽默语的语用研究
170 解读《金色笔记》中的女性主义 171 论奥康纳短篇小说的创作特色
172 哈代的悲观主义和宿命论在《德伯家的苔丝》中的体现 173 《哈利•波特》系列作品中颜色的象征意义
174 《简爱》中女主人公的人生观分析 175 情景教学法在小学英语课堂中的运用
176 《基督山伯爵》与《肖申克的救赎》中男主人公的形象比较 177 普通话对英语语音的迁移作用 178 探析《夜访吸血鬼》中的孤独
179 试析英汉颜色习语折射出的中西文化异同 180 《红色英勇勋章》主人公刻画手法分析 181 商务英语信函中名词化结构的翻译
182 英语文学作品与改编电影的差异——以 《傲慢与偏见》及其版改编电影为例 183 学前英语游戏教学法
184 美国个人主义和中国集体主义的对比与分析
185 Living in the Crack: A Study of the Grotesques in Winesburg, Ohio 186 应用多媒体资源提高英语新闻听力 187 目的论指导下的导游词英译策略研究
188 从《看得见风景的房间》看女性身份的遗失和找寻 189 论西尔维娅•普拉斯诗歌中的死亡意象
190 从跨文化的视角分析美国动画“辛普森一家”中的习语现象 191 多媒体技术在英语语境教学中的应用
192 虽不起眼,但不可或缺:从《洛丽塔》中的小人物看亨伯特悲剧的必然性 193 The Tragic Color of Tender Is the Night 194 浅析《黛西米勒》中男女主人公矛盾情感背后的文化冲突 195 从女性意识的角度解读《荆棘鸟》中的女性形象 196 文明的樊笼—解读《野性的呼唤》 197 商务英语翻译中的隐喻研究
198 高中英语词汇教学中文化意识的培养 199 华盛顿•欧文与陶渊明逃遁思想对比研究 200 汉英礼貌原则对比浅析
第三篇:浅谈影响英语电影名称翻译的原因
浅谈影响英语电影名称翻译的原因
摘要:外国电影作为文化传播的另一种载体相对书籍更容易被人们所接受,然而一部外国电影往往在中国大陆、香港、台湾被译作几个不同的名字。针对这一现象,笔者从尤金·A·奈达(Eugene A.Nida)的“功能对等”理论出发,分析“两岸三地”电影名称翻译时的异同,并从文化、商业和政治三方面因素结合实例分析电影名称差异的根源。关键词:功能对等,电影名称,翻译,异同
随着中国经济的发展和改革开放的不断深入,外国文化不断涌入中国,国人通过报纸、电视、网络等各种媒体途径了解世界的机会与日俱增。尤其中国加入WTO以来,对异域文化了解程度加深,而电影作为老少皆宜、通俗易懂的媒体手段对国人的影响越来越大。从解放前中国无电影到改革开放初期每年从国外引入寥寥几部电影,到如今每月都不间断地有外国大片在影院上映,电影已经成为人们生活的一部分,更是世界文化交流的一种不可或缺的方式。
电影作为一种意识形态,被译成文字音频从而使国人能够看懂,而电影名字作为电影主要内容以及风格的载体更是重中之重。一个好的电影名称能够充分体现电影的主要内容,恰当地体现电影的风格,从而吸引观众眼球,赢得影院票房,获得商业价值和艺术价值的双丰收。然而笔者却发现,同一部电影在中国大陆与香港、台湾常被译为不同的电影名称。本文力图通过功能对等理论分析大陆与港台地区电影名称翻译的共性与两岸三地对电影名称翻译不同的原因。
1、电影名称翻译的理论基础
尤金·A·奈达(Eugene A.Nida)指出:“翻译不仅仅指词汇意义上的对等还指语义、风格和文体方面的对等,翻译传达的信息既包含表层词汇信息也包含深层的文化信息”。“动态对等”中的对等包括四个方面:(1)词汇对等,(2)句法对等,(3)篇章对等,(4)文体对等。在这四个方面中,奈达认为:“意义是首要的,其次形式。形式对等有可能会掩藏源语的文化意义并阻碍文化交流。”因此,根据奈达的理论,在翻译的过程中,译者应当把动态对等的四个方面作为翻译的准则,并准确地在目的语中再现源语的文化内涵。在电影名称翻译的过程中也存在着功能对等现象。电影名称的翻译不是死译或逐字翻译,严格遵守形式只会破坏电影名称的深层含义和美感。在电影名称的翻译过程中应体现出翻译对等的原则,意义对等为首要,形式其次,尽量用最贴切、最自然的对等译名来体现原作名。如果站在观众的立场上,他们更希望电影译名既要包含整个电影浓缩的主旨也简明扼要的体现电影风格。但是由于中国大陆与与港台地区国情不同、文化背景不同、风俗习惯不同等诸多原因,导致英语电影引进后出现“一片多译”现象。
2、造成“一片多译”现象的原因
2.1文化因素
内地片名的翻译特点是忠于原作,直译为先。早期的电影翻译理论讲保留原片的原本风貌,直译片名是最佳的翻译方法。因此,内地对于引进电影片名的翻译大多采取直译,注重形式,对仗工整,稍有忽略内在含义或内容的表达。例如Brokeback Mountain直译为《断背山》,The Lord of the Ring翻译为《指环王》,The Day after Tomorrow直接翻译为《后天》(台湾则译为《明天过后》)。
香港片名的翻译特点则是语不惊人死不休。香港在影片译名上带有区域性语言的特征,经常使用一些夸张的词汇,例如:“终极” “魔鬼”“战警”“情陷”“疯狂”“激情”。译者通常使用异化的方式,对电影名称进行深度修辞再创作,创意性较强。例如The Lord of the Ring在大陆被译为《指环王》,在香港却被译作《魔戒》;Mr.and Mrs.Smith在大陆译为《史密斯夫妇》,在香港被译为《史密夫决战史密妻》;Moulin Rouge则被浪漫的译作《情陷红磨坊》。
台湾影名翻译特点可以概括为:传统文化的坚守者。台湾电影译名既有内地片名翻译特点也有香港译名的特点,翻译在风格上和内地译名相似,但仍以形式和为主。和香港译名相比,台湾译名更“素”一些,在译入语的选择上,台湾译名更能体现出中国传统思维方式的特点。例如,Shooter在内地被译为《生死狙击》,在香港被译为《辣手枪》,在台湾被译为《狙击生死线》。Taxi 4在内地被译为《的士速递4》,在香港被译为《终极杀阵4》,在台湾则被译为《终极杀阵:最后冲刺》。Novecento.Un monologo在内地被译为《海上钢琴师》,在台湾被译为《一九九零的传奇》。台湾译者习惯在施瓦辛格主演的电影上加上“魔鬼”二字,例如:Terminator被译为《魔鬼终结者》,Universal Solder被译为《魔鬼命令》。内地译名在注重内容方面比台湾稍有逊色。不过近些年电影收到受到商业化浪潮的冲击,台湾译名越来越激进。比如Up in the Air被译为《型男飞行者》;The Prestige变成了《顶尖对决》等。
2.2商业因素
电影作为一种商业文化,除了满足人们的精神追求外,最根本的目的还是为了谋取利益。在上映前的宣传上商家更是在电影名称翻译中做足了功课,一个好的电影名称可以吸引更多的观众眼球,勾起人们的观影欲望,而两岸三地观众的口味喜好不同也成了电影名称地域性差异的商业因素。例如在1994年台湾引进一部获1973年多项奥斯卡大奖的电影The Sting,在大陆被译为《骗中骗》,在台湾被译为《刺激》在当是大为叫座。一年后《肖申克的救赎》上映时,台湾译者认为此篇和《刺激》类似,都属于高智商复仇电影,因此便译为《刺激1995》,同时也获得了很高的票房。1998年台湾引入一部电影Return To Paradise大陆被译为《重返伊甸园》,因此电影也有牢狱情节,在台湾被译为《刺激1998》,依旧热卖。在爱情主题电影上台湾观众更喜欢偏富浪漫色彩的词汇,例如《霸王别姬》在台湾被译成《再见,我的妾》,《燃情岁月》被译为《真爱一世情》,《云上的日子》则被译为《云端的情与欲》,《西西里的美丽传说》被译为《真爱伴我行》。富有传奇色彩的奇幻电影则一律被赋予“神鬼”二字。例如The Bourne Identity在大陆被译为《伯恩的身份》,在台湾被译为《神鬼认证》,The Mummy Returns在大陆被译为《木乃伊2:木乃伊归来》,在台湾则被译为《神鬼传奇2》,New Blood在大陆译为《热血青年》,在台湾则被译为《神鬼战阵》,Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of The Black Pearl在大陆被译为《加勒比海盗:黑珍珠号的诅咒》,在台湾则被译为《神鬼奇航:轨道船魔咒》。
2.3政治因素
在翻译电影名称时,不仅要考虑当地文化习俗、观众喜好、受欢迎程度,还要考虑时代气氛、国情等政治因素,力图与时代背景、发展趋势想融合,做到不突兀、不冲突。
例如获得第50届戛纳电影节青年电影奖,由Sean Mathias执导的作品Bent。该片以1930年代的纳粹德国为背景,讲述了一名同性恋男子在纳粹集中营的经历。主人公麦士原本沉溺于纵欲的同性恋生活,但是纳粹对于同性恋者的迫害,使得他不得不与室友鲁迪开始逃亡,但是最终还是被纳粹抓到并关押起来。为了生存,麦士死不承认自己是同性恋者,甚至为了自保打死重伤的鲁迪。在被送往集中营的火车上,麦士与被挂上同性恋标志的贺斯成为朋友,在集中营里纳粹迫使两人来回搬运石块,折磨他们。麦士想尽办法让纳粹相信自己是犹太人,虽然纳粹讨厌并迫害犹太人,但集中营里的犹太人的待遇比同性恋者好得多。麦士与纳粹进行性交易以取得能够挽回贺斯生命的药物,而麦士的好友贺斯宁死也不愿让麦士的尊严遭到践踏。此片以浓厚政治立场阐释同性恋面对生存、尊严,与政治、社会发生冲突时,必须采取的立场与手段,非常发人深省。
此片于1997年在英国首映,大陆译者考虑到当是正直香港回归,又是以同性恋、国籍、纳粹等敏感词汇为主题的电影,如果电影名称中出现同性恋之类的词汇或许不能被国人所接受,所以在翻译时规避了一些列敏感词汇,将此片翻译为《生命中不能承受之情》,符合当时社会状况,也比较容易让国人产生好奇。而香港因为之前类似以主人公命名的电影居多,所以这次也不例外,将本片直译为《本特》。3.结语
中国大陆、香港、台湾在影片名称翻译时都遵从了“功能对等”理论,在影片的风格、意义和美感上与原名保持了一致性,但是由于“两岸三地”文化背景、意识形态等诸多差异性的存在,以及电影名称在翻译时所处时代背景,票房盈利等政治、商业因素等,导致同一部电影被翻译为不同名称。随着中国大陆国际化的深入,“两岸三地”文化交融的不断加深,笔者相信这一现象将会逐渐消失,电影名称翻译在大陆、香港、台湾将会更加规范化并得到逐步统一。
参考文献:
[1] 封霁芯.功能对等与电影名称翻译[J].新西部(下半月).2008(09)[2] 毛发生.两岸三地外语影片片名的翻译比较[J].西安外国语学院学报.2002(04)[3] 张彩虹.内地、港台电影译名异同的背后[J].电影文学.2012(24)[4] 郑玉琪,王晓冬.小议电影片名的英汉翻译原则[J].中国翻译.2006(02)[5] Nida,Eugene A.Language,Culture,and Translating..1993
第四篇:英语电影名称翻译及方法
English Film Title Translation and the Methods of
Current Title Translation
班级:外语系英语09-01班 学号:...............姓名:.......English Film Title Translation and the Methods of Current Title Translation
Abstract: This paper begins with the prevalence and impact of English film in China.It discusses the importance of English film title translation and the methods and theories of current title translation.Also, this paper summarized some of the methods.Key words: English film;title translation theory;principle
I.Introduction
Film can create miracles---just like all those people who sit in the theater thinking from reality to dream world know.Fascinating stories with perfect pictures, shocking music, and great close-up scenes make you forget yourself completely.The aftertaste of a classic film is endless.The thought of the scenes make you get goose bumps, an exciting or eager showing in your eyes.People call movie the seventh art after the literature, drama, music, dance, painting and sculpture.But, it’s not just an art.It is an art that has lots of audiences and that suits both refined and popular tastes.Today, cross-cultural communication is more active than ever.The main channel of cultural transmission is movie, in which the spirit of national culture and ideology can be characterized by the content;And the influence of movie is so large that it can't be matched by other art forms.There are two reasons for that.On one hand, economic and cultural development stimulates the emerging film and television-dubbing career to flourish.On the other hand, the popularity of cable television and home video as well as the improvement of the technology(video, VCD and DVD)play an important role in fueling the film’s spreading.Since the first movie introduced to China in 1896, the Chinese film industry has undergone enormous changes.Shoot technology innovation makes the film a great audio-visual impact to the audience, and watching movies has become very common and very stylish entertainment in people’s lives now.In addition, the demand for foreign films, especially English films, is growing highly.Facing to these foreign language films, the primary task is translated them into Chinese, and the translation of the film title is one of the most important part.II.The functions of English film title translation
The film title is a link connecting the audience and film;it has the enormous influence to the film box office.First, except actor's exquisite performing skill, philosophy dialogue as well as gorgeous picture, whether a good film can attract the audience has the direct relation with a film title which is pregnant with meaning and can make people think a lot.The film title is a film's brand trademark.In the multitudinous film advertisement newspaper, the film title is always in the extremely striking position, and it is playing the role which leads attention directly.As a film, the title is seen firstly by the audience.Therefore, every movie screenwriter and director will highly summarize his movie content, and take as the title the one that can both express one's ideas expressively and appeal eyeballs.Second, the film express certain ideas to the audience to pass certain information, and the film title should also highlight the video content, convey the theme information and establish the entire film emotional tone.Film titles can not only summarize the content of the film succinctly , reveals the theme of the film, and make the audience seize the film's style and substance , but also inspire the imagination of the audience and watching desires with its distinctive form of language.Excellent film titles like the outstanding literary works, should be concise the summary of the content of films, succinctly revealing the theme, and stimulate the audience's imagination.The perfect unity of a good title and the good content will allow the audience to get the influence of the arts and the joy of beauty.III.Film title translation
Since the first English language film was introduced to China, there are already three decades till now.This period, the translator made constantly efforts and improvements, and formed some common translation methods.Currently, there are more and more English films introduced into China.The translation industry also formed a relatively fixed translation theory, specifically;there are the following three theories:
A.The literal translation or free translation
Literal translation and free translation are two representative methods of translation in the history of translation.Due to variations in people's understanding of literal translation and free translation, there are someone accept both of these methods, someone accept just one, someone accept neither.However, in terms of the perspective of describing translation or transfer translation, literal translation and free translation is always meaningful.Literal translation and free translation is designed to faithfully express the ideological content of the original and reproduce the original art.Simply put, the literal translation means the translation methods and sentence structure is more similar to the original sentence, but does not rule out some adjustments at the phrase level.Free translation means discarded the original expression, and find a synonymous expression equivalent to the original, or make major changes or adjustments to the original sentence structure.1.Literal translation
Carefully understands the literature name and film title, we can find different types.Therefore, the translation methods vary.The following types suit for the Literal translation.Protagonists name or description for the title.Such as: Hamlet
(哈姆雷特)Romeo and Juliet
(罗密欧与朱丽叶)David Copperfield
(大为·科波菲尔)
The place where the story happen for title,Such as:
Wuthering Heights
(呼啸山庄)Chicago
(芝加哥)Stories for titles, such as: The merchant of Venice
(威尼斯商人)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
(汤姆索亚历险记)Gulliver's travels
(格列佛游记)The other types, such as: Great Expectations
(远大前程)Pride and Prejudice
(傲慢与偏见)The Call of The Wild
(野性的呼唤)
These titles are just a few words, but they reveal the author's intention and the true state of mind.It represents the author's effort and reflected the monumental piece of substance and essence of the film.Therefore, for those that can be translated literally must be translated by literal to keep the work formerly original and make the title and content unite in harmony.Especially when it comes to the film named after the main character.The hero is the typical character live in specific times and specific environments that are created by the author, such as Shakespeare’s Hamlet and a-Q in the works of Lu Xun.They have a distinct character, image, and destiny.The principles and methods of translation of film title or translation of literary works are the same.Both of them take the breadth of its audience and the diversity of appreciation level into account, therefore, the translation should be simple and popular, easy catchy and implying the subtle meaning.Film title suitable for literal translation should be translate as literal as possible in order to convey the information formerly and maintain the perfect unity of the original title and content.That should be a basic principle and method of the film title translation.This type title just needs to be image, vivid, concise in the text, and it can fully reproduce the content of formerly.Such as: description of a walk in the clouds is the love story of a pair of young men and women filled with the vineyards of grapes flowers, so the film is literally translated as the Walk in the Clouds, while maintaining the formerly known as the meaning and full of poetic.Such cases are: the age of innocence(The Age of Innocence), natural born killers(Natural Born Killers), the perfect world(better world), death on the Nile(Death on the Nile)rain man(Rain Man)superman(superman), citizen(Citizen Kane), Schindler’ s list(Schindler's List)
2.free translation
Certain English film title contains very few words and the language is simple.It is apparently lightly, but the connotation is actually rich and pregnant with meaning, does not reveal.If this kind of film title translates literally, it will be difficult to reach its contents, reveal its charm.Therefore, when translation must rest on the entire book content, the original book title intention, and unit the target language characteristic, sets up a new name.In order to concise its content to reflect its implication, and executes the literary talent slightly to make the translated name and the original work style coordinates.For example: Gone With the Wind
(飘)Waterloo Bridge
(魂断蓝桥)Speed
(生死时速)Dr Jekyll and Mr.Hyde(化身博士)
B.Integration of literal translation and free translation
English and American films have a number of titles in simple and concise, but moral implication and difficult to grasp.In addition, some titles originated from allusions, meaning rich and obscure, hard to check.It is difficult to understand the implied meaning of the original title.People must think about the whole content or check allusions, carefully wondering and hashing, accurately understand the intent of author when translate them.Based on the foundation of literal translation of original titles ,translator plus word or change word to some key words to make translation semantic clearly , such as: a Farewell to Arms
(永别了,战争)Ghost
(人鬼情未了)One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest
(飞越疯人院)Who Shall Live and Who Shall Die
(生死大权)Night Killer
(来者不善)
C.The literal translation adds the explanation
Due to the different style of film and different points between British and Chinese language, some titles translated by word will be too abstract, implicit and irrelevant with story content.People may feel dull, and it cannot make any guiding effects.Therefore, for these titles, translator should appropriately plus a text which can reflect hero image or film content when translate them.Based on the foundation of literal translation, according to the content of film, it will play a finishing touch to the characters and film content for example,Oscar(猎犬奥丝卡传奇), it will bursting bald if literal translation for AO SI KA(奥丝卡), also will be easily confused with Oscar Ward.Adding the word of dog , it generally works very well.And Comeback(故里噩梦), plus the word of nightmare ,it greatly enhance the attraction and literary character.Lime Light(舞台灯光), Patton(巴顿将军), Legal Eagles(法网神鹰), this is the case.Film title translation is not only the conversion of language but also a cultural exchange.Translation needs follow the correct principles and methods, needs more inspiration and rigorous attitude , in order to make the translation of well-known and widely accepted.In recent years, we widely introduce the foreign works and films, but the introduction of the original books and films are very scarce, these are mostly translated works.Taking the important role of a film title into account, the film producer make efforts to find a proper title that can lead full content, highlight the theme and must be simple and concise, have a profound message.Moreover, the producers try to make the title to be a pair of eyes that can reveal the individuality and give the deep impression to the audience.From the title, people can understand the content of the work, the hero's image, and have a desire for the whole film.People named the film like this, the same as the film title translation.Someone may think the translation of film names is an easy shot, but translating well was not an easy thing actually.It is necessary to conform to the language specification, and should be full of charm;it is necessary to be faithful to the original content of the title, and should be reflect to the original language features of the title.So the translation of film names is the artistic recreation.However, it is not until after more than 100 years of the introduction of first foreign films in China, translation of film names begin to get its due attention.Early research on the subject, such as Brief Discussion on Foreign Film Tittles Translations(Lin Qiuyun, 1996)and Discussion on the Translation of Film Names(Ning zhishou life, 1997), simply emphasizes the translation skills and ignore the cultural and commercial characteristics of the movie title.After entering the 21st century, based on the original translation theory, scholars began to study the features of the film titles from different perspectives.Fore example, He Ying(2001)analysis the characteristics of the movie title from the source of the movie title ,style , feature and category , and made a literal translation, free translation, transliteration and another translation.Fang Yongbin, Wang Xiaotong(2005)study from the advertisement feature and cultural characteristics.Now, researchers increasingly attach importance to the film title value reflected in cultural exchanges, business profits and the artistic.IV.The principle that film titles translation should follow
A.Cater for the content of the original film, reflecting the themes of the original film, outstanding original film style
A good film should have a clear theme.Battle about cops and robbers or description of love, to reflect social ethics or science fiction.Film styles vary with different themes.Cops-and-gangsters films give a twist, such as
Speed
《生死时速 》
The Rock
《石破天惊》
The French Connection;
《法国贩毒网》
Romance or romantic lingering, or patience, often give the taste, such as
Waterloo Bridge
《魂 断蓝桥》 The Bridges of Madison County
《廊桥遗梦》 The Piano
《钢琴别恋》 Ghost
《人鬼情未了》
Social and ethical topics serious, warning or enlightenment to people, such as The Kramer VS Kramer
《克雷默夫妇》 Rain M an;
《雨人 》
Fantastic, fantasy, and horror and science fiction films are often set in one about the fantasy world that does not exist in the real world, such as
The E.T.《外星人 》 Batman
《蝙蝠侠》 Jurassic Park
《侏罗纪公园》
Translations should be able to properly reflect the content of the original movie, its themes, and highlight their style.United States 1939 film taken of Waterloo Bridge Love Story about a pathetic: in 1914, during the first world war, in London, in an air raid alert, luoyi·kelaoning and ballet dancer Myra met Captain young military officers on Waterloo Bridge, they just clicked immediately, and soon fall in love.However, as the war lovers cannot become family members.The heroine buried on the Waterloo Bridge under the wheels, and eliminating kill.Translator translate title is relevant to the Waterloo Bridge movie content, reflects the original tragic, is just right.Translator use “broken souls” to make it more acceptable to the audience.United States comedy Mrs.Doubtfire, talking about a story of a divorced man Daniel Hillard dressed up as a fat old woman going to his ex-wife's domestic every day in order to be able to see the children.Comedy scenes continue to appear in the film did some marvelous impressions.The translation is FEI MA XIAN SHANG(肥妈先生).The use of “MOM” and “Sir” highlighted the comedy style very well.YUN ZHONG MAN BU(云中漫步),the translation of the United States film A Walk in the Clouds are rated as the best.Original title literally means “in the cloud”.Description of a pair of young men and women filled with scent of grape vineyards in the moving story of love.Vineyards in the movie named “cloud” covers a wide, green a, enveloped, is like a dream, love the heroine walks in the park.How romantic and poetic!This translation is in line with the film theme of romantic love, to read “full of poetic, one Kiss, saw a cloud-like grape flowers smell the aroma of melts your heart all into” and “translation of Jacob was decent, image better, meaning long”(He Yue sensitivity, 1997), really colorful, and dominated!B.Concise, easy to remember
Film is an art suit for both refined and popular tastes, and it is a popular form of entertainment too.In a sense, it is a commodity should be widely circulated.In order to make it easier to spread, movie title should be concise and easy to remember.This probably is the “usefulness“ said by He Yuemin.Actually many films translation is consistent with the requirements.Such as: Star Wars
《星球大战》
Terminator
《未来战士》
My Fair Lady
《窈窕淑女》
On the Golden Pond
《金色池塘》
Bathing Beauty
《出水芙蓉》
It is not difficult to see that these translations use only a few words to translate all the content and meaning of the original movie.Moreover, most of them only four words, just as Chinese idioms, reading full of rhythm, easy catchy and easy to remember and spread.Also some translation of the movie title failed to meet this requirement.Feng HuaZhan(1980), said he saw a movie called the Qipulian·Bolongbeisiku.This title makes him very disgusted, because it is hard to remember and struggled to speak.C.Film title conformed to the Chinese language standard, and suited to our viewers enjoys habit.It should be said that some films do not need translator design, just translate it with the corresponding Chinese according to the equivalence principle.Of course, the premise is not to cause the audiences understand difficulties and must conform to the Chinese language standard.For example, the American adventure spy film named North by Northwest.Someone will translate it to XI BEI PAIN BEI(西北偏北).Through the title, viewers do not know what the film about, and it is not in line with Chinese language specification.Therefore, this translation is not desirable.Another translation of the film DIE HAI FENG YUN(谍海风云)is a good translation.Which give the suspense, highlights the style of spy film, clear and concise, while correspond to the Chinese language specifications.English films always use the owner's name or location as the title of the story.There is also the case in our China film, but less.Chinese films’ habit is to use the title to summarize the content of substance.Therefore, the translation of English film Hamlet as HA MU LEI TE(哈姆雷特)is in line with our habits.Oliver Twist translated as WU DU GU ER(雾都孤儿)is better than translated as the AO LIE FU TUI SI TE(奥列佛 退斯特).Because the former give us the place where the story take place(fog city, London)and the identity of the main character(an orphan).The Chinese audience can accept it easily.The American film Gone with the Wind(LUAN SHI JIA REN;乱世佳人)based on the same name novel is a good example.The ”LUAN SHI(乱世)“ explain the background of the story(the civil war), ”JIA REN“ named the heroine of the movie and showed the heroine’s frustrated experience.Look at an example.There is a film about American campus life, called Mr.Holland's Opus, The film tells the story of a remarkable music teacher, Holland.Holland works hard for 30 years in his teaching positions.He was ”not rich, not famous, but his achievements beyond fame and wealth ".He influences every student of the school.He is the Orchestra's conductor, each student is his notes, and every student is his works(Opus).Name of the literal translation is the HE LAN XIAN SHENG DE ZUO PIN(贺兰先生的作品), but now it is translated into the CHUN FENG HUA YU(春风化雨).The new translation has a deeper meaning than the formerly and show the movie extraordinary story, allows viewers to experience a teacher’s permeated personality charm.(Cai Weidong, 2000:104-105).At the same time, wonderful translation is like a piece of art, for people to enjoy the beauty of art.V.The conclusion When the importance of English film titles translation increasingly be reflected,I believe that people will intensify research on this area of expertise, moreover, the translation theory and principles I mentioned will make some significances on the development and improvement of the title translation.After continuous efforts, the translation of English film titles will be more standardization, and the usefulness, the literariness and the scientific nature of the translation will greatly enhance.Bibliography [1] Searle, John R.Speech Acts [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.1969.75.[2]贺莺.电影片名的翻译理论和方法[J].外语教学,2001(1)[3]林秋云.外国电影片名翻译简论[J].上海科技翻译,1996(3)[4]陈炼 陈育.外国电影片名的翻译[J].湖南商学院学报,2003(9)
第五篇:外国电影推荐
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