第一篇:新视野大学英语第三版 book 2 课后翻译
新视野大学英语第三版 book 2 unit 1 翻译 英译中:
English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language.Like other languages, English has changed greatly.The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods : Old English, Middle English and Modern English.The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language.During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world.The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English.Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言,经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样,英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段:古英语,中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪,当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国,他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期,英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初,它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天,由于美国电影、电视、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎,美国英语的影响力尤其显。
中译英:
中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成,发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中,一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来,所以,通常有“字如其人”的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝,而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person”.As one of the treasures o Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.新视野大学英语 第三版 book 2 unit 2 课后翻译 英 翻 中
A M00C(massive open online course)is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.M00Cs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher education.These classes are aimed at expanding a university's reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world.In addition to traditional course materials, M00Cs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and professors.M00Cs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course;inspire people to “try on” subjects that they wouldn't otherwise pursue or even try on education itself;provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging multimodal(多模式的)learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles;and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕课是一种网络课程,它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步,现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程,大学可以扩大影响的范围,从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生,扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料,慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛,支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流,使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来;它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程,至是尝试新的教育方式;它提供多种学习课程资料的方式,鼓励多模式学习,以各种
学习风格满足学习者的需求;另外,慕课促进教学的改善,使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。
中 翻 英
近年来,随着互联网技术的发展,我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习的平台,数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比,数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面,数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享;另一方面,它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间,人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。
In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.unit 3 课后翻译
英翻中 As an important part of the American culture value system, “individualism” is admired by most American people.Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happiness of individual members.In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either socially or economically.What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual.With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the consequences of the choices.Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant.Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had a strong effect on the family.作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分,“个人主义”受到大多数美国人的推崇。美国人认为家庭作为一个群体,其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。与许多其他文化相比,美国家庭成员的主要职责,不是在社会上或经济上提高整个家庭的地位。人们通常认为,什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为重要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任,因为所选择的自由承载了责任,即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由,因为他们希望孩子们能够独立和自力更生。在美国人强调个人自由的同时,父母与孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。
中翻英
孝道(filial piety)是中国古代社会的基本道德规范(code of ethics)。中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心,它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念,内容丰富,涉及面广。它既有文化理念,又有制度礼仪(institutional etiquette)。一般来说,它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务,包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的“东方文明”之根本。
Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society.Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being.With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years.It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue.The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range.It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes.Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth.Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization”.unit 4 课后翻译
英翻中 Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日,恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱,因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天,瓦伦丁被处死,不仅因为他是基督徒,而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来,2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在,人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节,他们发送贺卡、鲜花,赠送巧克力或其他礼品,或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国,这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。
中翻英 农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(Qixi Festival),是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动,年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此,七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentine's Day)。七夕节来自牛郎与织女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的传说。相传,每年的这个夜晚,天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。所以,在七夕的夜晚,人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河(the Milky Way)相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧,以获得美满姻缘。但随着时代的变迁,这些活动正在消失,唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。
July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.unit 5 课后翻译
英翻中 The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century.It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies.Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World.European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth.This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history.European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other.大发现年代,也被称为大勘探年代,是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期,始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁,当时西方帝国主义刚兴起,欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争,他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中,最杰出的是克里斯托弗?哥伦布,因为他发现了新大陆。欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国的崛起,旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促成了两边的互相交换:大量的植物、动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内最重大的活动之一。欧洲大勘探让绘制全球性的世界地图成为可能,从而使人们看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。中翻英 丝绸之路(Silk Road)是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆(Eurasia)的交通线路,由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主,故称“丝绸之路”。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁,丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展,对世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前,在新的历史条件下,我国提出了“一带一路”(One Belt, One Road)(即“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”)的战略构想。“一带一路”以合作共赢为核心,强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。
The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia.This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”.As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization.Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road”(namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road).The strategy of “One Belt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries.Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.unit 7 课后翻译
英翻中 The color and style of a wedding gown can depend on the religion and culture of the wedding participants.For example, in Western cultures brides often choose a white wedding dress, while in China the traditional wedding dress is in red.Though white has become the most preferred color for wedding gowns across the world today, this was not a widespread trend before the Victorian era.White became a popular option in 1840, when Queen Victoria wore a white gown at her wedding.The official wedding photograph was widely published, and many brides chose white to become the followers of the Queen.Many people believed that the color white symbolized virginity, though this was not the original intention.As far as the style is concerned, wedding dresses were once typically short in the front with a longer train in the back.This tendency continued until the late 1960s, when it became popular to revert to long, full-skirted designs.婚纱礼服的颜色和款式可取决于婚礼参与者的宗教和文化。例如,在西方文化中新娘通常会选择白色的婚纱,而在中国,传统的结婚礼服是红色的。虽然白色已成为当今婚纱礼服在世界各地最受青睐的颜色,可是这在维多利亚时期之前并不是一个普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成为了一个受欢迎的选择,那年维多利亚女王在她的婚礼上穿了一件白色的礼服。官方的婚礼照片被广泛刊登后,很多新娘都仿效女王选择白色。很多人相信白色象征着童贞,尽管这不是她们选择白色的初衷。就款式而言,婚纱礼服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是长长的裙摆。这种趋势一直持续到20世纪60年代后期,那个时期全长裙边的设计恢复了流行。
中翻英
中国是丝绸的故乡,因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术,刺绣(embroidery)就是其中的一种。刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一,至少有两、三千年的历史。从事刺绣的多为女子,因此刺绣又被称为“女红”(women's needlework)。刺绣在中国受到了人们广泛的喜爱。刺绣可用来装饰衣物,如在衣服、被子、枕套(pillowcase)等物品上绣上美丽的图案,也可制作成特别的饰品(ornament)。中国有四大名绣: 苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。各种绣法不仅风格有差异,主题也各有不同。在这其中,苏州的苏绣最负盛名。
China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery.Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts.Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called “women's needlework”.Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people.It can be used to beautify clothing and things.For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc.can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament.There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme.Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputation.
第二篇:新视野大学英语第三版 book 2 unit 4 课后翻译
新视野大学英语 BOOK 2 unit 4 课后翻译
英翻中
Valentine's Day on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries.It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love tokens between lovers.There are different origins regarding the festival.One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods.On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he had cured the jailer's daughter of blindness.The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “From your Valentine”.Later, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones.Today, people celebrate Valentine's Day in different ways, sending greeting cards and flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners.The holiday has now become popular all over the world.In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日,恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱,因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天,瓦伦丁被处死,不仅因为他是基督徒,而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来,2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在,人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节,他们发送贺卡、鲜花,赠送巧克力或其他礼品,或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国,这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。
中翻英
农历七月初七是中国的七夕节(Qixi Festival),是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动,年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此,七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”(Valentine's Day)。七夕节来自牛郎与织女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的传说。相传,每年的这个夜晚,天上的织女都会与牛郎相会。所以,在七夕的夜晚,人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河(the Milky Way)相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧,以获得美满姻缘。但随着时代的变迁,这些活动正在消失,唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛郎织女的传说一直流传民间。
July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine's Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, 新视野大学英语 BOOK 2 unit 4 课后翻译
with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.
第三篇:新视野大学英语第一册-课后翻译
新视野大学英语 第一册
Unit1 1.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验,从中我们能学到许多东西。
We can reap a lot from the rewarding experience of communicating with native speakers of English.2.在市长(mayor)的帮助下,我们最终获准接触这起交通事故的受害者。
With the mayor's help, we were at last allowed access to those people who suffered from the traffic accident.3.鲍勃和弗兰克一直不和。令他们尴尬的是,他们将到同一个部门工作。
Bob and Frank didn't get along well with each other.It was embarrassing that they were to work in the same department.4.小时候,我总告诉妹妹说狼(wolf)来了,把她吓得直哭。
As a boy, I used to intimidate my sister into crying by telling her that a wolf was coming.5.作科学研究不容易,不仅需要时间、精力和经费,还需要具有自制力和奉献精神。It is not easy to do scientific research;it requires time, energy and money as well as discipline and commitment.Unit 2 1.芬奇先生冲进她的房间,朝着她喊道: “难道你就不能把音乐关小一点?”
Mr.Finch burst into her room and shouted at her: “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”
2.我喜欢摇滚音乐,因为它通常节奏强,寓意深。
I like rock music because it usually has a strong rhythm and a powerful message.3.像往常一样,当他的父母不喜欢他的穿着时,便开始唠叨(bug)他。
As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start to bug him.4.代沟美国有,中国也有(as well as)。
Generation gaps exist in the United States as well as in China.5.桑迪的母亲比以前更烦她,而她与母亲的争论较之平常也就更多。
As her mother bugged Sandy much more than before, she argued with her mother a lot more than usual, too.Unit 3 1.既然你计划移居加拿大, 那你必须努力适应寒冷的气候。Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to a cold weather.2.他承诺帮助我们买下那幢房子, 但有点勉强。
He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.3.这是一次重要的会议, 请务必不要迟到。
This is an important meeting.Please see to it that you are not late for it.4.他是个有经验的商人;他做国际贸易已有好几年了。
He is an experienced businessman;he has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.5.她力劝我接受那个新职位, 虽然那职位报酬并不优厚。
She urged me to accept the new post, although the job is not very well paid.Unit4 1.不管是有意识还是无意识,人们往往用眼神、面部表情、形体动作和态度表露真情,从而使他人产生包括从舒适到害怕的一连串反应。
Consciously or unconsciously, people show their true feelings with their eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes, causing a chain of reactions, ranging from comfort to fear.2.想想你与一个陌生人的偶遇,把注意力集中在最初的七秒钟。你当时有何感想,你是如何 “解读”他的呢?
Think of your encounter with a stranger.Focus on the first seven seconds.What did you feel and think? How did you “read”this person?
3.当时你全身心地投入到了自己正在谈论的事情中,是那么专注,以至于完全没有感觉到害羞。
You were committed to what you were talking about and so absorbed in the moment that you lost all self-consciousness.4.虽然演说家常常传递着混合不清的信息,而听众则总是相信亲眼所见胜于耳闻。Public speakers often send mixed messages, but the audience always believe what they see over what they hear.5.如果你要给人留下好印象,其决窍在于始终如一保持自我,你最佳的自我。
If you want to make a good impression, the trick/skilled way is to be consistently you, at your best.Unit5 1.不管花多少钱,我们都要尽最大努力延长这位感染艾滋病毒的姑娘的生命。
We'll do our best to help the girl infected with the AIDS virus to live longer, regardless of the cost.2.请把电视机关掉,因为噪音会使她分心,以致无法专心做家庭作业。
Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework.3.由于缺乏资金和必要设备,这家公司过了很长时间才实施提高产品质量的计划。It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.4.上课时,鲍勃常常准备一些图画来说明课文中所讲述的内容。
It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.5.有能力、成功的商人善于利用各种资源来赚钱。
An able and successful businessman is good at making use of all the resources to make money.Unit 6 1.有了他父亲给的钱,他就能在附近的镇上买栋房子了。(afford)With the money given by his father, he could afford a house in the town nearby.2.那位年轻女士太激动,以至情不自禁地提出了婚姻话题。(bring up)The young lady was so excited that she could not restrain herself from bringing up the subject of marriage.3.恐怕你今天见不到他啦,一小时前,他刚被派去执行一项重要任务了。(mission)I'm afraid you can't see him today because he was sent on an important mission just an hour ago.4.她年轻时,常常在笔记本里记下一些摘引自诗歌的內容。(quotation)When she was young, she used to store quotations from poems in a notebook.5.不管他们是谁,他们都得对这次事故负责。(whoever)Whoever they are, they should take responsibility for the accident.Unit 7 1.一天当我沿着大街走的时候,钱包被人偷了。
The other day when I was walking along the street, I had my wallet stolen.2.我喜欢乘公共汽车上班,而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。
When I go to work, I prefer taking a bus rather than driving and that morning was no exception.3.在遭受武装袭击的受害者中,很少有人能够辨认出袭击他们的人,因为他们的注意力全 集中在枪上,而不是放在持枪人上。
Some victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users.4.这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的肇事者。The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months.5.我们珍惜自己行动的自由, 劳动的果实和我们的生命。
We hold dear/value our freedom to move about, the fruits of labor and, our own lives.Unit8 1.她对那可怜的病孩充满了同情。
She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.2.(谚)欲寻珍珠就要潜入水中。
He who would search for jewels must dive below.3.我原本打算昨天晚上去看电影,但却下了雨。
I intended to go to see a film last night, but it rained.4.许许多多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。
There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant.5.医学检查证实她身体状况良好。
Medical tests established that she was in good health.Unit9 1.在21世纪,人们将在家里通过因特网购货,并将货送到家里。
In the 21st Century people will order their goods at home through the Internet and have them delivered.2.对高层次经理来说,增长管理方面的信息和知识将更重要。
The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top managers.3.由于许多地方禁止抽烟广告,抽烟就将受到批评(under siege)了。
As smoking advertising is banned in many areas, smoking(cigarettes)will be under siege.4.做家庭作业时,每十个学生有八人将使用诸如博物馆和科学设施这样的资源。
Eight out of every ten students will use sources such as museums and science facilities in doing their homework assignments.5.正是我们的所为和我们的所不为才决定我们的将来。
It is what we do and what we do not do that determine our future.Unit10 1.你要么跟我们出去,要么待在家里,没有折中办法。(middle point)You have to either go out with us or to stay at home.There is no middle point.2.老师表扬了那些学习用功、考试考得好的学生。(give someone credit)
The teacher gave credit to the students who had studied hard and done well in the exam.3.我工作的地方有很多计算机。(where)Where I work there are plenty of computers.4.换言之,要保持自我,面对现实,不可贪财图利。(sell out to)In other words, be yourself and face reality, but don't sell out to convenience.5.那些缺乏真正内涵的人总是依赖外在因素——如外表或地位,以使自己感觉良好。(feel good)Those who lack genuine core values always rely on external factors – their looks or status – in order to feel good about themselves.
第四篇:新视野大学英语3课后翻译
Unit 11、No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家,无论你做了多么充分的准备,你都很难再这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。
2、Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.就想吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样,吉米也关心他们。
3、Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码,以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。
4、If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.老师回来时你敢告我状的话,我就不再和你说话了。
5、Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.有些老年人愿意独自过日子,但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。
6、Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.现在需要面对的问题是:如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。
1.在思维方面,与他的行为一样,他是非常传统的。(Use “as” with the meaning of
“ in the way that, in the manner that, like”.)
In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.2.教室一旦同意接受新的教学计划,他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。
(Use” once” as a conjunction with the meaning “from the moment that”.)
Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain itputs on them.3.从长远看,大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。(in the long
run, worthwhile)
In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一,所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重
视。(operate on)
As the school operates on the Character First Principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.5.据说,原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。(be scheduled to, put
off)
It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.6.这所学校把为学生做好人生准备当作其职责,办法是倡导一整套能使所有学
生受益的道德标准。(see… as)
The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.Unit 41、Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.从各方面考虑,这座城市都是世界上最令人激动地城市。
2、Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.尽管没有得到父母的赞同,他还是继续他的计划出国学习。
3、The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.这座桥是以以为英雄的名字命名的,这位英雄位人民的事业献出了生命。
4、It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength
据说,画家是以他的母亲为模特的。他母亲的面容沧桑却不失坚定。
5、The writer instantly rise to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.这位作家于1950年因出版一本小说而一举成名,小说的灵感来自于他和以为姑娘在农场的经历。
6、One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army.有个故事说,US是“山姆大叔”的缩写,“山姆大叔”原名叫山姆·威尔逊,他曾经和一名男子一起工作,这名男子和美国政府签订了一份合同,给军队提供肉食。
Unit 71、An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.因此,以盖茨为首席执行官的微软还能走多远依然是个有趣的问题。
2、There’s/ It’s no use complaining since nothing ever changes as the result of a complaint.What’s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happening.抱怨是没有用的,因为抱怨并改变不了什么。重要的是得采取措施预防类似事件发生。
3、Learn to accept the fact that some people you thought were friends turn out to be enemies.要学会接受这样一个事实:有些你认为是朋友的人结果却是敌人。
4、As you would expect from the book’s title, there are many references to what kind of man Gates is.正如你能从书名期待的那样,书中多次提到盖茨是个什么样的人。
5、The prosperity of the company stems from hardworking and thrifty of the entire staff.该公司的兴隆源于公司上下人人克勤克俭。
6、He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was put on for the first time Saturday night.就星期六晚上首次上演的那出戏,他什么也没说。
Unit 91、Word came yesterday that they were killed while trying to reach the summit.昨天传来消息说,他们在试图登上峰顶时遇难了。
2、Under no circumstances shall I mention to anyone that I have turned down the invitation to her wedding.我绝不会向任何人提起我曾拒绝她的邀请,没有去参加她的婚礼。
3、It made the headlines that the president’s wife threatened her husband with public exposure.总裁夫人威胁要公开揭发丈夫,这件事成了头条新闻。
4、That wealthy lady’s repeated demand for a premarital agreement greatly harmed her prospective husband’s self-esteem and ended up in his refusal to get married.那位富有的女士再三要求签订婚前协议,令其未婚夫自尊心大受伤害,结果以拒婚告终。
5、Make no mistake about it, some women would insist on the right to get a divorce if their husbands did not earn as much as they expected.确实有些妇女坚持认为,在丈夫挣的钱不如她们期待的那么高的情况下,她们有权要求离婚。
6、The casual discovery of the fingerprint shed some light on the murder he had been looking into.偶尔发现的指纹有助于弄清他一直在调查的凶杀案。
第五篇:新视野大学英语 第三版 Book 2 课文翻译
新视野大学英语 第三版 Book 2 课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长,那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言,我是一个乏味的怪物:一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲,一个还沉湎于语法规则的人,对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时,才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她:“欧洲之行如何?” 3 她点了三四下头,绞尽脑汁,苦苦寻找恰当的词语,然后惊呼:“真是,哇!” 4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中!我的学生以“哇!”来表示她的惊叹,我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题,有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同,或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷,他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责,因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。学生并不笨,他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说,杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary(静止处),虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery(文具用品)并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称 They've just ate。实际上,他们应该说 They've just eaten。因此,批评学生不合乎情理。对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反,学校只教零星的语法,高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是,学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识,因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通,可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味,所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时,他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳,就说:“它飞的不稳。”(It's flying so unsteady.)我小心翼翼地问:“儿子,鸟怎么飞?” “有问题吗?我说得不对吗?(Did I say anything incorrectly?)” 他一头雾水。“太好了,你说的是incorrectly而不是incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以,要用unsteadily来描述鸟飞,而不是unsteady。” 他对我的纠正很好奇,就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道:“副词是用来修饰动词的词。” 这又导致了他询问我什么是动词。我解释说:“动词是表示行为的词,例如:爸爸开卡车。„开‟是动词,因为它是爸爸在做的事。” 他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣,所以我们又罗列了几个动词:“飞行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。然后,他又好奇地问我,其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的名称。这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内,他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。也许,语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品:我们要常常查看路线图(核对语法)和调整汽车的引擎(调节词汇)。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。12 路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南,可是它不会告诉你一路上你究竟会看见什么树或什么花,你会遇见什么样的人,或会有什么样的感受。这里,词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见的点点滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇,你就有了灵活性,掌控自如。路线图会把你带到目的地,而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中。对学生来说,有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件,可是学校并没有教他们这些。就在今天早上,我跟儿子吃早饭时,我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。“爸爸,” 他说,“如果我是你的话,我不会这样做。牛奶会变酸。(If I were you, I wouldn't do that.It's sour.)” “哦,上帝!” 我满怀着无比的骄傲说道,“这是一句语法完全正确的句子。你用了were而不是was。” “我知道,我知道,”他愉悦地舒了口气,“这是虚拟语气!” 17 这下轮到我“哇!”了。Unit 2 Text A 人文学科:过时了吗? 当形势变得困难时,强者会去选学会计。当就业市场恶化时,许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。2 数据显示,随着学生肩负的学费不断增加,他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。换言之,大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。这种趋势可能会持续,甚至有加快之势。3 在未来几年内,由于劳动力市场的不景气,人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。在上一代大学生中,主修文科的学生数跌幅已近50%。这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱,而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小点缀。现在,实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐。在这儿,请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。自古以来,人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得崇高伟大,而使另一些人走向自我毁灭。几个世纪以来,这股内力被称作很多东西。著名的心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德称之为“潜意识”,或更为人熟知的“本能”。从一开始,人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力,就令我们心驰神往。这些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。历史学家、建筑师、作家、哲学家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、雕刻、风景画和传统的形式,捕捉到了这些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。这些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”,帮助我们了解人类的这些强烈愿望,并用以教育一代又一代人。从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量作品,正是文明的底蕴,它奠定了人文研究的基础。学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。无论我们这一生中从事什么职业,如果我们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵,我们都会受益匪浅。如果我们是在办公室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人,我们会有光明的职业前景。学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。在信息经济中,很多人都有能力创造出一个如新的MP3播放器那样的有用产品。然而,仅有很少的人具有能力创造出一个如iPod那样的精彩品牌。最重要的是,学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和自我意识,从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。也许,支持人文学科的最好论点是,人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。你知道世界闻名的电影《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗? 第一个登上太空的女宇航员萨利·赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。还有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝·帕特洛、蕾妮·齐薇格及马特·达蒙,也都如此。获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学科。甚至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳也主修人文学科。学习人文学科的有名人士确实可以列出一长串。显而易见,人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业做准备,不管
是医学、商务、科学或娱乐。如果我们仅学习数学,我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。如果我们还学了人文学科,那我们就能突破许多障碍,只要我们愿意付出努力,敢于想象。当然,在当下,如果我们单学人文学科,可能会失去很多机会。我们每个人都需要尽可能变得技能化、职业化,以满足现代生活的需要。事实上,技术知识和内在洞察力的结合越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某个医学院的招生部主任,有两个人同时申请我们学校,这两个人都学过基础的科学课程,一个主修哲学,另一个仅是医学院的预科生,我会选择那位哲学专业的申请者。总之,人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人,这些人具有洞察力,并理解全人类共有的激情、希望和理想。人文学科,这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库,教我们如何以不同的方式看待事物,同时也拓宽我们的视野。在现代社会中,人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关,也发挥着重要作用。我们在学习中花一些时间与人文学科——我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏——相伴,这难道不是明智的吗? 谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢!Unit 4 Text A 大学情侣 我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿,她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那会儿更为成熟。琳达,21岁,在大学一年级交过一个男友,她曾以为会跟那个男孩结婚,但他们已不再来往了。梅丽莎,19岁,还没有一个固定的男友。我的女儿不知何时才能遇到她们的那个“唯一”,她们伟大的爱。她们认为她们的父亲和我有着一段经典的、童话般的浪漫史,从一开始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。也许,她们是正确的,但在那时似乎并不是那么回事。在某种程度上,爱神恰恰在你最没准备时来临。谁曾想到,布奇和我最终会结婚呢? 他之所以成为我男友,只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算:我要找一个可爱的男友!我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。在那个命中注定的夜晚,我只是好奇,但对他而言,我认为是一见钟情。他凝视着我的脸,说:“你有一双美丽的眼睛。” 他整个晚上一直盯着我。我真的对他没那么感兴趣,其原因有二。首先,他看起来就像是一个野
小子,甚至还有些危险。其次,虽然他很可爱,却似乎有点怪异。3 他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍,装作与我“偶遇”,看到我时还假装惊讶。我喜欢被重视的感觉,但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。他很会说话,这会迷倒任何女孩。当我开始爱上他时,恐惧向我袭来。他那令人激动的“坏小子形象”简直太诱人了。究竟是什么吸引了我? 我,一直口碑极好。为了获得优异的成绩,我的注意力只专注在自己的学习上。但又怎么样呢? 大学应该是学习的好时间,可也应该有一些乐趣。我已几乎达成了伟大的教育目标,离毕业只有一学期之遥了。但我却还没有享受过任何乐趣,我的生活乏味,没有一点新鲜感!我需要一个男朋友,当然不是任何男朋友。他必须很可爱。于是我那个学期的目标就成为:雄心勃勃,抓住一个我能找到的最可爱的男友。4 我担心他会怎么看我。不错,我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的时代,但我是一个传统的女孩,对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。布奇看上去很出色!我对他的个性毫无免疫力,但我对此很害怕。那天晚上当他向大家宣布我是他女友时,我是同意的。但我随后突然清醒:“噢,我的天哪!我是他女友吗?这是怎么回事?” 紧接着,他在我耳边低声地甜言蜜语:“有一天我要娶你,我会成为一名律师。你会看到这一天的。” 我笑着对自己说:“我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。他是我男朋友,只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。” 果然,一个月后,我发现他所有的课程都不及格。因而,他将被大学除名。令我厌恶的是,他似乎屈从了自己的命运。我知道还有希望,所以我让他去学院的秘书那儿进行复议。我告诉他:“你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位,然后进入法律学院。”我以他的名义递交了呈请书,结果被批准了。校方同意复议布奇的情况。我们的男女朋友关系一经确定,他就协调了他的学习和社交生活,结果各门课都通过了。他最终学了法律。尽管布奇的性格有点野,但他在骨子里却是一个完美的绅士,这值得高度赞扬。的确,他有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴,擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看到了很惊讶,也很不以为然。但事实上,我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直是纯洁和负责的。我们坐在棕榈树下,手牵着手,听着浪漫的歌曲,观赏着日落,编织着和我们自己的孩子在一起的美梦,一直到永远。9 两年糊里糊涂地过去了。一天,布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我求婚。我心中充满了深情,也坦诚了对他的爱:“太太太太太浪漫了!” 可我随即从幻想中惊醒。我大喊出来:“天哪。不!我们现在结婚还太早了。我们甚至还没有大学毕业呢!” 我真的很喜欢他,但我对我们感情修成正果的机率却持悲观态度。五年后,我们结了婚。我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路,走上平坦易行的公路。它是一个永久、浪漫,有时又疯狂的爱情故事。它诠释了一对仍在疯狂地爱着对方的夫妇如何一起度过了29年之久的蜜月。我们的爱从漫不经心的互相吸引开始,但最终却发展出成熟的爱情和富足的生活。Unit 5 Text A 花钱还是存钱,学生进退维谷 你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑,且有被操纵的感觉? 我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。政府告诉我们要花钱,否则我们将永远走不出衰退;与此同时,他们又告诉我们,除非我们节省更多的钱,否则我们的国家会处于严重危险之中。银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。然后,同样是这些银行又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。这里还有一个大家熟悉的例子:如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单,我们会收到从信用卡公司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件:不还款是不可接受的。请立即缴付,否则后果自负!之后,一旦还款,我们就会收到一封跟进的电子邮件,语气和蔼可亲,说我们是多么宝贵的客户,并鼓励我们继续花钱。到底哪一个描述是正确的?有麻烦的失败消费者还是宝贵的客户? 这两者之间可是天壤之别!自相矛盾的情况还有,我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。一种从“纵容”的角度,让我们“买东西,花钱,现在就得到它。你需要这个!” 另外一种,我们可称之为“正直”的信息,它力劝我们:“努力工作,把钱存起来。控制你的欲望,不要买奢侈品,不要垂涎那些你并不真正需要的东西。” 这类信息来源甚多,有学校方面的,有家长方面的,甚至还来自提及传统价值观的政治人物。艰苦创业,忠于家庭、能推迟欲望是美国价值观的核心,它使我们的国家变得强大。但相反的信息,即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告,无所不在。虽然此类信息有时经过了乔装打扮,但仍随处可见,电视、电影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店,及公共汽车、火车和地铁上,比比皆是。广告侵入了我们的日常生活。我们时时被包围在花钱,花钱,花钱的信息中。最近有人说:“唯一可以逃脱广告的时候是当在床上睡着时!” 据计算,普通的美国人到18岁时,会看过60万则广告;到40岁时,看过的广告总数近百万。每个广告都在尽最大努力影响我们形形色色的购买决定——从我们吃的早餐麦片到我们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。决不会缺少怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告!现在,我们当然不能确切地记得广告上的产品,但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里:“要满足你的愿望。你应该拥有你想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以,你应该买下它——现在!” 一个著名的广告诠释得很完美:“我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让我感觉舒服的事。我从精美的东西里 得到乐趣,并感觉到它们给我的滋养。我过去常想着等一下再买,现在再也不会了。今天,我会购买全新的滑雪装备,看看新型的小巧灵便的轿车,买下那台我一直 想要的相机。我今天就要实现我的梦想,不会等到明天。” 6 当我们接受这些相互矛盾但很明确的信息时,会有什么事情发生呢? 这种控制我们花钱习惯的宣传活动会造成什么心理和社会上的影响呢? 一方面,我们希望买更多的东西,来满足我们的物质欲望。我们中的大多数通过善待自己来得到乐趣。与此同时,我们身体里面有一个微弱的声音与那些正直的信息在共鸣:“当心,要掂量掂量自己的生活,不要让注意力分散。推迟欲望。不要陷入债务。要等待!保留对自己生活的控制权。这会让你更坚强。” 总之,一个成功的学生所需要的很多技能可以应用到你的财务中去。把良好的财务状况看成是大学教育中的一个关键因素,因为对金钱的担忧会让人倍感压力,并让人分心。它们会让你感觉很糟糕,并阻止你专注首要目标,即成功完成学业。怎样才能成为一个聪明、有相关知识的消费者呢? 许多学校、社区组织,甚至一些银行都提供金融扫盲班。可以考虑向学校的财务援助办公室咨询,或向父母或其他值得尊敬的成年人请教如何建立一个预算方案。另外一个选择是找一个合作伙伴来帮你保持良好的财务状况,并在管理自己的金融事务中找到乐趣。最重要的是,如果你发现自己正陷入
财务困境,不要让你的自大妨碍你,在情况变得失控并惹上法律麻烦前,赶紧寻求帮助来解决问题。这一切都将帮助你成为一个拥有相关知识的消费者和储蓄者。学会了如何平衡支出和储蓄,你就会成为你自己的船长,驾驶着你的生活之船,乘风破浪,驶向成功和富有。Unit 6 Text A “关门者”,你是吗? 下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时,不妨问自己这样一个问题:项羽会怎么做? 项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河,突袭进入了敌方的领地。他下令砸锅烧船,令他的部队大为震惊。他解释道,他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气,但当他那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时,他们并不赞成他的做法。不过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋,在战场上和现代社会科学研究中都将得到肯定。项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人,他是一位经验丰富的领袖,由于他征战无数并达到了成功的顶峰,他深受尊敬。丹· 阿雷利极富启迪性的新书 《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对看似非理性的人类行为,譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向,进行了引人入胜的调查。大多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择,麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门课的学生也不例外。在调查作决策的一项实验中,几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们的选择机会消失,即使他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的,这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。在现实世界里,我们总会说:“保留我们的选择机会是对的。” 想要一个好的例子吗? 一个十多岁的女孩被足球、芭蕾舞、钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽,但她的父母不会让她停止任何一项活动,理由是它们有一天可能会派上用场!6 在这个实验里,学生要玩一个电脑游戏: 在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门,每扇门后都会提供一些现金。该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击100次,你点击获取的钱越多,你就玩得越好。学生每点击一次打开一扇门,他们会用掉一个点击数,但却不会得到任何钱。然而,随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱,三扇门显示的钱总有一扇比另外两扇多。这个游戏规则的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报,可还是会用掉一次点击数。所以,制胜战略是要迅速查看所有的门,然后只点击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。在玩游戏时,学生们注意到了一个视觉上的变化:如果有片刻没点击某扇门,那扇门就会慢慢缩小并消失。由于他们已了解了游戏规则,他们本应对要消失的门不予理睬。然而,在它们消失以前,他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小的门,试图让它们开启着。结果是,他们在匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时浪费了很多点击数以至于最后输了钱。为什么学生对那些变小的门如此依恋呢? 他们可能会争辩说,他们紧抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机会。但是,据阿雷利博士说,这不是真正的原因。在他们为将来多留一些机会的借口背后反映出的是所有的学生都不堪目睹眼前的选择机会被剥夺,尽管这种痛苦是临时的。阿雷利博士说:“每闭上一扇选择之门就如同经受了一次损失,人们宁愿付出很大的代价,也要避免情感的失落。” 在实验中,损失很容易用丢失的现金来衡量。在生活中,相应的损失就往往没那么明显,如浪费时间,错过机会。“有时候,这些门是慢慢关闭的,我们没有看到它们在悄然消失,”阿雷利博士写道:“我们可能花很多时间在工作上,却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在悄悄溜走。” 那么,我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢? 阿雷利博士说,一个办法是制止更多的超额预约。我们可以自己减少选择,将任务委派给其他人,甚至放弃一些点子,让其他人去做。他用婚姻作为例子:“在婚姻中,我们承诺不保留选择机会,我们就创造了获得最佳选择的有利局面。我们关上可选择的门,并告诉别人我们已作出选择。” 阿雷利博士说,自从进行了这个点击门的实验,他已经有意识地努力减轻自己的负担。他敦促我们辞去委员会的工作,删减送节日贺卡的名单,重新思考兴趣爱好,并记住像项羽那样的关门者给我们的启示。换言之,他是鼓励我们放弃那些似乎只有表面价值的东西,而去追求那些能真正丰富我们生活的东西。我们很自然、很偏执地相信选择越多越好,但阿雷利博士的研究却强有力地告诉我们事实并非如此。我们想在生活中得到越来越多选择的代价是什么? 我们能从更集中的精力和注意力中获得什么样的喜悦和满足? 当然,我们每个人都会有自己的答案。试想一下这些重要的问题:怎么做会使我们获得更多,是不断增加选择,还是只保持少数精心挑选的选择? 我们应关闭什么门,以便让机会和幸福之窗打开?