第一篇：需求分析在国际航运业务英语函电中的应用
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需求分析在国际航运业务英语函电中的应用 作者：刘剑剑
来源：《海峡科学》2012年第11期
[摘要] 该文在简述需求分析理论的基础上，对国际航运业务英语函电进行目标需求分析，联系具体教学实践，阐述需求分析在课堂设计中的应用，指出需求分析理论有助于学生掌握英语函电的具体操作能力。
[关键词] 航运业务函电英语 需求分析 应用问题的提出
航运业务英语函电作为ESP（专门用途英语）的一种，具有英语应用文语言的规范性，又兼具航运业务的专业性特点，是航运界从业人员必须掌握的基本业务能力之一。因此即使是高职院校的航运相关专业，航运业务英语函电也是一门必修课。然而，笔者通过一系列的问卷调查，发现大部分学生认为这门课程枯燥，不知道该学些什么，或是该掌握什么。那么，该如何上好或者学好这门课呢？本文拟从需求分析理论视角来探讨这个问题，寻找相应的解决方法。2 需求分析理论
需求是指学生、社会或其他有关方面指望得到的东西和现存状况之间的距离[1]，对于需求进行分析的过程称为需求分析。需求分析应用在外语教育领域已有三四十年的历史，许多专家学者对需求做了许多详细的研究。需求分为目标需求和学习需求，认为学习者为什么学习语言，学习的最终目的是什么，这样的分析属于目标需求分析，即目标导向；为了达到最终的学习目标，学习者现状与目标的差距怎样，要跨越这种差距，学习者必须做什么，即学习者在当前学习过程中所需要的条件和需要做的事情。这样的分析就称为学习需求分析，它涉及到外语学习中行为的转变及学习的手段需求定义[2]。Yalden指出，需求分析在确定有关内容、目标和处理策略等方面起着关键作用[3]。Munby认为，教师通过需求分析能够更有效地使语言课程满足不同水平学生的需求[4]。Richards等人论证了需求分析的重要性[5]，他们认为分析需求，了解学习者的需要，并根据需求程度安排学习内容，可以使教学更具针对性和有效性。总之，需求分析是了解学生对于教学的要求，学习上存在的薄弱环节和问题的过程。教师通过需求分析了解特定教学对象的需求，优化课程教学内容和教学手段，从而提高教学的实效。因此，在外语教学过程中，需求分析是评估研究范畴中为实施和改进下一步教学计划而开展的一种诊断过程。它涉及到为了解决问题而先了解具体问题的一个过程以及需求的涵义。需求分析属于实证调查与研究。最终目的是为了形成决定、改进教学，而不是为了帮助使用某种主观推断或者评判的方式来改进教学[2]。
需求分析理论与高职高专英语教学大纲的要求是相吻合的。高职高专英语教学大纲提出，高职英语教学要以培养学生实际运用语言的能力为目标，遵循“实用为主，够用为度”的原则，突出教学内容的实用性和针对性。“实用、够用”的分析就是对于学生需求的分析。因此，在高职航运业务英语函电教学中有必要运用需求分析理论来指导教学组织和安排。需求分析理论在航运业务英语函电中的应用
为了解航运业务英语函电对于高职学生的实用性和够用性程度，我们在课程设置前进行需求分析。需求分析要了解的主要问题有：航运业务英语函电涉及的内容，使用的对象和范围等。需求分析的方法包括问卷调查、座谈、观察、资料收集、信息咨询等，我们采取了问卷调查、座谈和信息咨询等方法。结果显示，国际航运业务函电英语是航运业从业人员常用的一种业务联系方法，是必须具有的一种业务技能。航运业务英语函电涉及的内容广泛，既有货物相关内容，也有船舶运营管理内容。比如：货盘，货物作业，货物损坏，货短货差，货物单证，货物索赔等，再如：船盘，船舶碰撞，海事声明，共同海损，船舶代理委派，船舶来往账目，船舶修理，船舶物料补给等。除此之外，英语函电还涉及到人员管理方面，如船员派遣，人员伤亡，医疗救助等。航运业务函电英语的具体特点是兼具英语应用文规范性和航运业务专业性的特点。
因此，根据高职英语教学大纲提出的实用性和够用性原则，高职院校的国际航运业务英语函电课程教学内容应涵盖如下函电实例的学习：（1）货盘、货物作业、货物索赔、货运单证、准备就绪通知书、合同；（2）船盘、船舶动态、引航业务、检疫和证书、账务往来、宣载书、修理和加油、授权书、滞期通知、船舶事故；（3）船员派遣、人员伤亡事故、医疗救助等。
而在具体的课堂设计方面，则应考虑学生的具体目标需求和学习需求，学生应具备函电英语的具体操作能力，即能够编写英文函电进行业务沟通。
下面以人员伤亡（personal injury and dearth）主题课堂设计为例，讨论需求分析的应用。首先分析学生目前的学习需求和未来的工作需求。学生需要知道如何写好一篇关于人员伤亡的函电。那么需要知道在信函中应体现的内容，以及相应的语言形式。因此，学习函电实例之前，首先罗列出关于人员伤亡函电应该包含的要点：（1）事故发生的确切时间、地点以及伤亡人员身份；（2）事故发生时的状况并解释这些状况对于事故是否有关联；（3）事故描述和伤亡性质，并说明伤亡人员所接受的来自船舶或岸上的治疗；（4）事故原因分析，确认责任方；（5）如果有的话，说明事故见证者，包括船员以及事故发生地的示意图或照片。编写该类函电要遵循的原则：所以描述都应基于真实情况，不得有夸张成分；描述方式应准确，简洁和清楚。然后学习相关函电实例，要求学生找出反映上述内容的表述方式，领会语篇结构。最后总结相关句式表达。
如关于开篇句子：
I regret to inform you of the following accident，which involved one of the stevedores working on board my vessel yesterday.We hereby report to you with regret that a motorman accidentally fell into No.2 lower hold from tweendeck this morning.关于时间地点人员描述句子：
At about 9：15 a.m.on March 24th，a tank cleaner named Buddy Hobbies，aged 40，employed by ……
I regret to inform you that at about 7 a.m.on 15 February 2000，while loading at your port，one stevedore by the name of Hillman，aged 34，accidentally fell from the hatchway of No.3 hatch tweendeck into lower hold，and seriously injured his head and became unconscious at that moment.关于事故责任分析句子：
So far as I know from my experience，in no way should the accident be attributable to the breakage or imperfection of my ship’s installations.The true cause of the accident will certainly be clear if you send your representative to make a further investigation on the persons concerned.总之，国际航运业务英语函电的课堂教学应充分考虑到学生的具体需求，了解学生的学习现状与目标差距，弄清欠缺内容。解剖英文函电实例，既要从表层上分析语言的结构，又要从深层面分析编写的意图与期冀的效果，以便更加有效地帮助学生了解、学习和掌握航运业务函电英语，掌握并提高实际的操作技能。
综上所述，在国际航运业务英语函电课程设置和课堂设计中引入需求分析，能够明确教学目标，语言能力培养重点以及教学具体内容，既能保证教学内容符合学习者的需求，也可确保满足学生的学习需求和未来的就业需要。
参考文献：
[1] 刘夏芬.从需求分析看高校英语师范生职业能力的培养[J].浙江海洋学院学报（人文科学版），2009（26）： 79.[2] 余卫华.需求分析在外语教学中的作用[J].外语与外语教学，2002（8）： 20.[3] Yalden J.The Communicative Syllabus Evolution： Design and Implemen-tation[M].Oxford： Pergamon Press，1983.[4] John Munby.Communicative Syllabus Design[M].Cambridge University Press，1981.[5] Richards J，Platt Jandweber H.Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics[M].London： Longman Group，1985.
第二篇：国际航运业务英语与函电
国际航运业务英语与函电考试范围及题型
一、缩略语（10题 共20分）
Shipping documents
1.B/N: booking note 托运单
2.S/O: shipping order 装货单、关单、下货纸
3.M/R: mate's receipt 收货单、大副收据
4.B/L: bill of lading 提单
5.L/L: loading list 装货清单
6.M/F: manifest 载货清单、舱单
7.F/M: freight manifest 载货运费清单、运费舱单
8.D/O: delivery order 提货单
Charter party
1.LOA: length overall 船长
2.GRT: gross registered tonnage 总注册吨
3.NRT: net registered tonnage 净注册吨
4.DW: deadweight 载重
5.MOLOO: more or less at owner's option 船东选择或多或少
6.OSB: one safe berth 一个安全泊位
7.OSP: one safe port 一个安全港口
8.FIO: free in and out 出租人（船方）不负担装卸费
9.FI: free in 出租人不负担装货费用
10.FO: free out 出租人不负担卸货费用
11.LIFO: liner in, free out 出租人负担装货费用，但不负担卸货费用
12.FILO: free in, liner out 出租人不负担装货费用，但负担卸货费用
13.FIOST: free in and out, stowed and trimmed 出租人不负担装卸费用、积载及平舱费用
14.WWDSHEX-UU: weather working days Sundays and holidays excepted, unless used 晴天工作日，星期天和节假日除外，除非已使用
15.WWDSHEX-EIU: weather working days Sundays and holidays excepted, even if used 晴天工作日，星期天和节假日除外，即使已使用
16.CQD: customary quick dispatch 按港口习惯速遣、按港口习惯尽快装卸
17.DHD: dispatch half demurrage 速遣费是滞期费的一半
18.C/P: charter party 租船合同，租约
19.M/T: metric ton 公吨
二、短语翻译（20题 共20分）
1.提货 take delivery of the cargo
2.与你方结账 settle the account with you
3.向我方报价 quote us your freight rate
4.运费率 freight rate
5.航班 frequency of sailing
6.航期 transit time
7.加载货 additional cargo
8.随行就市 be subject to market fluctuation
9.预付运费 freight prepaid
10.亏舱 broken space/stowage
11.扫舱 sweep the cargo hold/hold sweeping
12.改航 diversion
13.卸载报告 outturn report
14.退关货 shut out cargo
15.转船货 transshipped cargo
16.克尽职责 exercise due diligence
17.易腐货 perishable cargo
18.固有的特性 inherent nature
19.装载疏忽 negligence in stowage
20.原残 original damage
21.工残 stevedore damage
22.通风不良 insufficient ventilation
23.有举证责任 bear the burden of proof
24.对„„提出投诉 lodge/file a complaint against sb for sth
25.建立业务关系 establish business relationship
26.港口使费 port disbursements/port dues and charges
27.委托代理 agency appointment
28.代理费 agency fee
29.揽货 canvass/solicit cargo
30.进港指南 guide to port entry
31.为进出口货载办理报手续
续 attend to customs declaration formalities for inward and outward shipments
32.货运单证 shipping document
33.免除公司责任 relieve the company of responsibility
34.货物查询单 cargo tracer
35.货物溢短单 overlanded/shortlanded cargo list
36.保赔协会 P&I club
37.倒签提单 anti-dated bill of lading
38.已装船提单 shipped/on board bill of lading
39.备运提单 received for shipment bill of lading
三、句子翻译（5题 共20分）
1.P25III
致亚丁湾（port of Aden）“ABC”船务代理行
代理先生：
申请验船师
请您安排劳氏（Lloyd's）验船师尽快来我船检查并证实甲板属具等（deck fittings）在本次航次从新加坡至亚丁途中遭遇风暴期间受损的程度。并再安排一位货物检验师在卸货之前来检查和确认所有船舱内所装货物的状况。
望迅速办理此事，不胜感谢。
“泰河”轮船长谨启
(签名)__________________
亚丁港20___年8月10日
M.V.“TAI HE”
Port of AdenAugust, 2000
ABC Shipping Agency
Port of Aden
Dear Sir/Agent
Re: Application for Surveyors
Would you be kind enough to arrange for a Lloyd’s surveyor to come on board my vessel as soon as possible to inspect and verify the extent of the damage to our deck fittings etc.which occurred during the storm we encountered on the present voyage from Singapore to Aden.Please also arrange for a cargo surveyor to inspect and confirm the condition of the cargo in all holds before breaking bulk.Your immediate attention to this matter will be much appreciated.Yours faithfully,(Signed)
Master of M.V.“TAI HE”
(Or:I wish to inform you that the deck fittings etc.of my vessel were damaged due to the storm we encountered on the present voyage from Singapore to Aden.You are kindly requested to arrange for a Lloyd’s surveyor to attend my vessel immediately to inspect and verify the extent of the damage.Please also arrange for a cargo surveyor to inspect and confirm the condition of the cargo in all holds before breaking bulk.I should be obliged if you could manage this matter without delay.)
2.兹有一批自行车货物500箱由上海装运到孟买，请给我们报价包括码头费、驳船费、卸货及其他费用在内的运费率。
We shall have a consignment of 500 cases of bicycles for shipment from Shanghai to Bombay.Please quote us your freight rate including dockage(wharfage), lighterage, unloading charge and other expenses.3.兹告知本公司可按贵方要求为你的货物保留足够的舱位。请将托运申请书填好寄来，以换取装货单，但运费须先付。
This is to inform you that we are able to reserve as requested sufficient space for your cargo.You are kindly requested to complete the shipping application and send it duly to us in exchange for our Shipping Order, but the freight must be prepaid.4.关于你本月4日的来信要求舱位增加货载之事，现在告知“ABC”轮舱位不能收容更多的货物，无法照办为歉。
With regard to the accommodation for the additional cargo as requested in your letter dated 4th of this month, we wish to inform you that the M.V.“ABC” has no more space allotted for that cargo.We regret that we cannot do what you wish.5.情况就是这样，托运货物标记（唛头）不清，船方不负责由此造成的任何后果。
Such being the case, the marks on the consignment are unclear, the ship will not be responsible for any consequences arising therefrom.6.你们尽可以放心，我们会采取一切可能的预防措施保护货物在航运和装卸中不受损失。You may rest assured that we will take all possible precautions against any damage to cargo in transit and cargo handling.7.如你所知，这些重件货的重量大大超过船舶装置的起吊能力，请尽快与港务局联系，安排岸吊卸这些货。
As you are well aware, the weight of these heavy lifts is far beyond the lifting capacity of the ship’s facilities.Kindly contact the harbour administration/ port authority as soon as possible to arrange a shore crane for discharge.8.码头工人这样搬运货物的方式，货物发生混票的情况是不可避免的。
The stevedores handled the goods in such a way that the mix-up of parcels is inevitable.9.P70III
关于“华兴”轮所载150箱橘子货损问题
（第184号提单）横滨——温哥华
致收货人：
你方2月25日编号BK-26函收到，获悉我船所载的第184号提单项下2000箱橘子货从横滨到温哥华航行中损坏150箱之事，我们甚感遗憾。
有关的这批货是装载在2号舱底舱和二层舱内，在装货前由横滨的劳氏检验员彻底检查过，舱室内的冷气和通风情况完全符合运输标准，使检验员和托运人均感满意。
在航海途中，我们也特别注意对上述货物有效的通风。从上所述，我们可以断定贵方所声称的橘子货损一定是该商品原有特性所致。这是我们无法控制的事情。因此我们对此项损失不能负责。
另外，我们愿借此机会提醒你们注意，托运人如不改进包装，今后将不可避免地发生同样损坏之事。
相信此事会得到你们充分的理解。
“华兴”轮船长
20_____年__月__日
To:(Consignee)
Dear Sirs,Re.Damage to 150 C/S Oranges B/L No.18
4Ex.M.V.“Hua Xing” Yokohama/Vancouver
Your letter Ref.BK-425 dated 25th February has been duly received.We learn with much regret that 150 out of 2000 cases of oranges under B/L No.184 carried by us were damaged on the voyage from Yokohama to Vancouver.The parcel/consignment in question was stowed in No.2 lower hold and tweendeck which, prior to loading, were thoroughly examined by the Lloyd’s Surveyor at Yokohama.The coolness and ventilation in the compartments came up fully to the standards of transit, which was to the entire satisfaction of the Surveyor and shipper.During the voyage, we also paid special attention to the effective ventilation of the said cargo.From the above, we may conclude that the alleged damage to oranges must have been caused by their inherent nature and this is a matter beyond our control.Therefore, we are not to be held responsible for this damage.In addition, we would take this opportunity to bring it to your notice that the recurrence of such damage will be inevitable in the future unless the shipper improves the packing thereof.We trust we shall have your full understanding in this connection.Yours faithfully,Master of M.V.“Hua Xing”
10.5月24日来信及时收到，经仔细考虑，我们决定正式委托你们作为我们在利伯维尔港的船舶代理。
Your letter of 24th May has been duly received.After careful consideration wehave decided to appoint you formally as our ship’s agents in Port of Libreville.11.随函附上“代理协议书”草稿一份，请细阅其中各项条款，并惠告你们是否同意。Enclosed please find a draft of “Agency Agreement” for your perusal and kindly inform us whether you agree or not to all the provisions therein.12.我们提醒你们注意：如果货物承运时已有破损情况，请出具清洁提单。
We wish to draw your attention to the fact that(to remind you that)no clean B/L will be issued in case the cargo coming for shipment is in damaged condition.13.为此，对于上述装船货物可能发生的任何索赔费，我们同意即期支付（pay on demand）。对你方的做法可能引起的一切后果，我们担保你们和/或你船东不受损害。
We hereby agree to pay on demand any claim that may occur on the said shipment and we indemnify you and/or your shipowner harmless against any consequences that may arise from your practice.14.应发货人的要求，我们在此授权您倒签提单并以发货人出保函和货物已在你们掌管下为条件，凭保函签发日期倒签的提单给发货人。
At the shipper’s request we hereby authorize you to issue the Anti-dated B/L to the shipper against the Letter of indemnity on condition that the shipper provides the Letter of Indemnity and that the cargo has been in your custody.四、给出细节写出信（20分）
必须包含给的内容，注意信件格式，字数120以上
范围？：
询盘与报盘 application？；
Cargo work 重件货 混票；
Cargo damage 分析各种“损”，勾损„„
申请代理 委托别人做代理
Shipping documents中的保函
五、给出要点写信„„？（20分）
表述出要点，符合业务与逻辑，考察语气、组织能力
简略整理的，难得资源共享下
有问号的地方是不确定„„
第三篇：国际航运业务英语与函电复习资料
国际航运业务英语与函电 复习资料
before breaking bulk(BBB)开仓卸货前,pilot on board(POB)引航员登船 heavy diesel oil(H.D.O.)重柴油,China Classification Society(CCS), American Bureau of Shipping(ABS), port of call挂靠港 estimated time of departure(ETD), Tally Certificate理货单, Chief Officer(C/O), China Ocean Shipping Agency中国外轮代理公司 deratting exemption certificate 免于除鼠证书, under separate cover在另函中, Freight Prepaid预付运费, Freight to Collect到付运费,customs formality通关手续, customs clearance通关, cubic feet(CBFT/CUFT)立方英尺, awkward cargoes大件货, securing系固, lashing绑扎, dunnage,垫舱IMDG Code国际货规, Dangerous Cargo Anchorage危险货物锚地, laytime statement of facts(SOF)装卸时间事实记录, within the stipulated time在规定时间内, shut out退关, all the parties concerned相关各方, indemnity letter(letter of indemnity, LOI)保函, the whole lot of一整票rough handling,野蛮装卸 outturn report卸货报告, logbook航海日志, log entry航海日志记录, tween-deck双层甲板间, lower hold底层舱, survey report鉴定报告, spare no effort不遗余力, bear the burden of proof 负有举证责任Steamship(S.S)机动船, shipment装船, , partial shipment分批货, PODPOC, POA port of departure,call,arrival, port of transshipment 中转港, port surcharge港口费, port capacity港口生产能力, port disbursement港口使费，transshipment not allowed转运不允许Customs海关, Immigration Office边检, Customs formalities海关手续, customs declaration报关通关, fumigation熏舱, entrusting party委托方, despatch money速遣费, demurrage滞期费, canvass cargoes拉票货物,Notice Of Readiness(N/R)装卸准备就绪通知书, general
agent总代理,sole agent独家代理Booking Note(B/N)托运单，Tally Sheet理货单, Cargo Manifest(M/F)货物舱单, Freight Manifest(F/M)运费清单S/O: shipping order 装货单M/R: mate's receipt 收货单、大副收据
6.M/F: manifest 载货清单、舱单5.L/L: loading list 装货清单
7.F/M: freight manifest 载货运费清单8.D/O: delivery order 提货单 Fixture Note定租确认书1.LOA: length overall 船长
2.GRT: gross registered tonnage 总注册吨3.NRT: net registered tonnage 净注册吨4.DW: deadweight 载重吨5.Notify Party通知人, Original Bill Of Lading正本提单, Negotiable可转让的, Overlanded/ Shortlanded Cargo List溢短装货物清单, Received For Shipment B/L收货待运提单;Anti-dated B/L倒签提单, Advanced B/L预借提单34.货物查询单 cargo tracerTamp Shipping不定期船运输, Chartering Broker租船经纪人, Voyage Charter航次租船, Time Charter期租, Bareboat
力(Demise)Charter光租， Cargo 船东Capacity选择或载货能多或少,MOLOO: more or less at owner's option
6.OSB: one safe berth 一个安全泊位8.FIO: free in and out 出租人（船方）不负担装卸费11.LIFO: liner in, free out 出租人负担装货费用，但不负担卸货费用
13.FIOST: free in and out, stowed and trimmed 出租人不负担装卸费用、积载及平舱费用
15.WWDSHEX-EIU: weather working days Sundays and holidays excepted, even if used 晴天工作日，星期天和节假日除外，即使已使用
16.CQD: customary quick dispatch 按港口习惯速遣、按港口习惯尽快装卸
17.DHD: dispatch half demurrage 速遣费是滞期费的一半
18.C/P: charter party 租船合同，租约19.M/T: metric ton 公吨Address Commission回扣佣金 委托佣金//////提货 take delivery of the cargo2.与你方结
账 settle the account with you3.向我方报价 quote us your freight rate4.运费率 freight rate5.航班 frequency of sailing6.航期 transit time7.加载货 additional cargo8.随行就市 be subject to market fluctuation9.预付运费 freight prepaid11.扫舱 sweep the cargo hold/hold sweeping2.改航 diversion13.卸载报告 outturn report16.克尽职责 exercise due diligence17.易腐货 perishable cargo18.固有的特性 inherent nature19.装载疏忽 negligence in stowage20.原残 original damage21.工残 stevedore damage22.通风不良 insufficient ventilation23.有举证责任
诉
系
费
理 bear the burden of proof24.对……建港委提立业口托出务投关使代揽 lodge/file a complaint against sb for sth25.establish business relationship26.port disbursements/port dues and charges27.agency appointment28.代理费 agency fee29.货 canvass/solicit cargo30.进港指南 guide to port entry31.为进出口货载办理报手续续 attend to customs declaration formalities for inward and outward shipments33免除公司责任 relieve the company of responsibility36.保赔协会 P&I club32、尽可放心rest assured34如你所知as you are well aware
三、句子翻译申请验船师请您安排劳氏（Lloyd's）验船师尽快来我船检查并证实甲板属具等（deck fittings）在本次航次从新加坡至亚丁途中遭遇风暴期间受损的程度。并再安排一位货物检验师在卸货之前来检查和确认所有船舱内所装货物的状况。望迅速办理此事,不胜感谢。Would you be kind enough to arrange for a Lloyd’s surveyor to come on board my vessel as soon as possible to inspect and verify the extent of the damage to our deck fittings etc.which occurred during the storm we encountered on the present voyage from Singapore to Aden.Please also arrange for a cargo surveyor to inspect and confirm the condition of the cargo in all holds before breaking bulk.Your immediate attention to this matter will be much appreciateYours faithfully,四、2.兹有一批自行车货物500箱由上海装运到孟买，请给我们报价包括码头费、驳船费、卸货及其他费用在内的运费率。We shall have a consignment of 500 cases of bicycles for shipment from Shanghai to Bombay.Please quote us your freight rate including dockage(wharfage), lighterage, unloading charge and other expenses.3.兹告知本公司可按贵方要求为你的货物保留足够的舱位。请将托运申请书填好寄来，以换取装货单，但运费须先付。This is to inform you that we are able to reserve as requested sufficient space for your cargo.You are kindly requested to complete the shipping application and send it duly to us in exchange for our Shipping Order, but the freight must be prepaid.五、关于你本月4日的来信要求舱位增加货载之事，现在告知“ABC”轮舱位不能收容更多的货物，无法照办为歉 With regard to the accommodation for the additional cargo as requested in your letter dated 4th of this month, we wish to inform you that the M.V.“ABC” has no more space allotted for that cargo.We regret that we cannot do what you wish.六、情况就是这样，托运货物标记（唛头）不清，船方不负责由此造成的任何后果。Such being the case, the marks on the consignment are unclear, the ship will not be responsible for any consequences arising therefrom.6.你们尽可以放心，我们会采取一切可能的预防措施保护货物在航运和装卸中不受损失。You may rest assured that we will take all possible precautions against any damage to cargo in transit and cargo handling.七、如你所知，这些重件货的重量大大超过船舶装置的起吊能力，请尽快与港务局联系，安排岸吊卸这些货。As you are well aware, the weight of these heavy lifts is far beyond the lifting capacity of the ship’s facilities.Kindly contact the harbour administration/ port authority as soon as possible to arrange a shore crane for discharge.八、码头工人这样搬运货物的方式，货物发生混票的情况是不可避免的。The stevedores handled the goods in such a way that the mix-up of parcels is inevitable
九、关于“华兴”轮所载150箱橘子货损问题横滨——温哥华致收货人：你方2月25日编号BK-26函收到，获悉我船所载的第184号提单项下2000箱橘子货从横滨到温哥华航行中损坏150箱之事，我们甚感遗憾。有关的这批货是装载在2号舱底舱和二层舱内，在装货前由横滨的劳氏检验员彻底检查过，舱室内的冷气和通风情况完全符合运输标准，使检验员和托运人均感满意。在航海途中，我们也特别注意对上述货物有效的通风。从上所述，我们可以断定贵方所声称的橘子货损一定是该商品原有特性所致。这是我们无法控制的事情。因此我们对此项损失不能负责。另外，我们愿借此机会提醒你们注意，托运人如不改进包装，今后将不可避免地发生同样损坏之事。相信此事会得到你们充分的理解。Damage to 150 C/S Oranges B/L No.184Ex.M.V.“Hua Xing” Yokohama/Vancouver Your letter Ref.BK-425 dated 25th February has been duly received.We learn with much regret that 150 out of 2000 cases of oranges under B/L No.184 carried by us were damaged on the voyage from Yokohama to Vancouver./////The parcel/consignment in question was stowed in No.2 lower hold and tweendeck which, prior to loading, were thoroughly examined by the Lloyd’s Surveyor at Yokohama.The coolness and ventilation in the co
mpartments came up fully to the standards of transit, which was to the entire satisfaction of the Surveyor and shipper.During the voyage, we also paid special attention to the effective ventilation of the said cargo.From the above, we may conclude that the alleged damage to oranges must have been caused by their inherent nature and this is a matter beyond our control.Therefore, we are not to be held responsible for this damage.In addition, we would take this opportunity to bring it to your notice that the recurrence of such damage will be inevitable in the future unless the shipper improves the packing thereof.We trust we shall have your full understanding in this connection.十、5月24日来信及时收到，经仔细考虑，我们决定正式委托你们作为我们在利伯维尔港的船舶代理Your letter of 24th May has been duly received.After careful consideration wehave decided to appoint you formally as our ship’s agents in Port of Libreville.十一、随函附上“代理协议书”草稿一份，请细阅其中各项条款，并惠告你们是否同意。Enclosed please find a draft of “Agency Agreement” for your perusal and kindly inform us whether you agree or not to all the provisions therein.十二、我们提醒你们注意：如果货物承运时已有破损情况，请出具清洁提单。We wish to draw your attention to the fact that(to remind you that)no clean B/L will be issued in case the cargo coming for shipment is in damaged condition.十三、为此，对于上述装船货物可能发生的任何索赔费，我们同意即期支付（pay on demand）。
十四、对你方的做法可能引起的一切后果，我们担保你们和/或你船东不受损害。We hereby agree to pay on demand any claim that may occur on the said shipment and we indemnify you and/or your shipowner harmless against any consequences that may arise from your practice..十五、应发货人的要求，我们在此授权您倒签提单并以发货人出保函和货物已在你们掌管下为条件，凭保函签发日期倒签的提单给发货人。At the shipper’s request we hereby authorize you to issue the Anti-dated B/L to the shipper against the Letter of indemnity on condition that the shipper provides the Letter of Indemnity and that the cargo has been in your custody.十六、集装箱运输的主要优越性 The main advantages of container serve are : easy handling of cargo;less risk of cargo damage or loss;low freight and prompt delivery.Especially, the development of “Multimodal Container Transport” system provides a highly efficient mode of cargo transport
十七、缩略语 B/R best regardsBCS,BCOZ becauseCFMconfirmDELY,DLVARdeliver FYG for your guidance HVB have been IFMN information IOW i owe u RMT remit RQST request RYTLX referring to ur telex SL
D sailed SUG suggestTKU thankyou VSL vessel FWD,FORWD forward DESPDdespatched 派送ROT regarding our telegramADFT AFT DRAFT 艉吃水BLFT BALE FEET 包装尺码 BM breadth moulded 型宽CFS CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION 集装箱货运站CIF COST OF INSURANCE AND FREIGHT 货价加保险和运费 CUFT CUBIC FEET 立方英尺 CY CONTAINER YA
RD 集装箱码堆场DOP DROPPING OUTWARD PILOTDWCT DEADWEIGHT CARGO TONNAGE 载重吨，受载吨FCL FULL CONTAINER LOAD 整箱货FDP FORWARD DEEP TANK STARBOARDSIDE FDFT FORE DRAFT 吃水、艏吃水 K/T KILO TONNGAGE L LOCAL TIMEL/TLESS THAN CONTAINER LOAD LH LOWER HOLD 底舱 LOA LENGTH OVER ALL 船舶全长LTD LOWER TWEEN DECK 下二层柜M/T,MT，METRIC TON 公吨 MAXDRF RGDS REGARDS 致敬，致意SWDFT SALT WATER DRAFT 海（咸）水吃水 SWL SAFE WORKING LOAD TEU TWENTY EQUIVALENT UNIT 20英尺标准集装箱 TKS THANKS 感谢 TP TWEENDECKPORTSIDE VHF VERY HIGH FREQUENCY W/T WTON WEIGHT TON 重量吨YLET YOUR LETTER 你的信 YR.YOUR 你的YRTYOUR TELEGRAM 你的电报
第四篇：国际航运业务英语与函电课后翻译答案
第五单元后是一句一句百度翻译出来的 准确性有待。。
尼玛一字一字的打出来手都累断了啊次奥！
Unit 3
p23：
1.兹通知贵方：“London”轮已于昨日安全抵达本港。正好可以在假期开始
前完成卸货。
2.兹通知贵方：由 “Yong Ming”轮托运给您地20箱货物已到港，请于即日起
三日内前来提货。
3.兹通知贵方：由于我轮自新加坡起航后遇到强大的东北季风，致使抵达本港
时间比预定时间晚35小时。
4.兹通知贵方：我船要求进行几项修理，恳请予以安排为盼。
5.请派一位称职的验船师来我船检查首尖舱舱壁。
6.兹向您报告：我船无线电发射台发生故障需要修理。
7.请于7月10日上午安排一艘较大的汽艇来接我船船员上岸。
8.贵方如能尽快安排一名电器工程师来我船修理冷却系统，我们将不胜感激。
9.请从速将上述零件的备用件寄给我们，不胜感激。
10.油驳船的费用请记入船主帐上。
11.所有费用请记入货物托运人帐上。
12.请将费用请记入船主帐上。
13.兹照船方要求，我们将为贵方在装货作业开始前提供必要的垫舱物料。
14.瑾以船舶代理人的身份通知您：依贵方要求，该船将于4月12日10：15
时由原泊位移至No.21 浮筒处锚泊。
Unit 4
P30
1.请为下列托运货物报全包价。
2.请告知大宗托运货物的最新运费率。
3.我方想了解航期、航行时间以及是否需预订货舱，如需预定货舱请提供所需的托运申请单。
4.请告知装船日期。
5.请告知最新运费，谢谢。
6.贵方于来信中询问运费，今荣幸地向贵方报价如下：
7.贵方8月10来信获悉，今就运费报价如下：
8.贵方6月26日来信获悉，我方将另函邮寄本公司最新运费单。
9.由于该货物将在安特为普转运，请提供联运提单。
10.所有费用与我方结帐，请在提单上注明“预付运费”
11.复7月4日函，我方就运费报价，请注意，此报价乃随行就市价。
12.我方非常希望能为贵方办理货物托运事宜。
13.我们不得不遗憾地告知贵方：完全是由于货舱不够的原因，我方无法收容贵方托运的货物。
14.我们遗憾地告知贵方：由于货舱不够，我方无法收容贵方来信中提出的加载货。
15.如需详细信息，请与我方联系。
16.如需详细信息，请与我方联系。
Unit 5
P38
1.我们遗憾地通知贵方：昨天我船发生一起码头搬运工受伤的事故。
2.我们遗憾地通知贵方：今天早上一名机匠意外从二层甲板跌入2号底舱。
3.发生此事故，我方非常遗憾，我们可以保证：次事件完全属于意外。
4.事故完全是由于其本人的过错引起的，非我方可以控制。
5.发生于我船上的不幸完全是由于其本人粗心大意所至。我方对此概不负责。
6.事故完全由贵方雇员引起，此点不容置疑，我方要求贵方对此付全责。
7.我们愿向贵方保证，此事故已引起我方的关注。
8.事故的详情请参阅三副的事故报告。
9.请贵方派代表前来我船进行全面的调查，不胜感谢。
10.特将以上信息提交贵方，此次事故的责任完全不在我方，请明察。
11.以上请注意。贵方对此事件的关注令我们非常感谢。
12.务请将此事件报告当地警方。
13.我方不能理解，对于这样一个责任十分明确的案子，贵方为何要求我方承担责任。因此除了拒绝贵方的索赔，我方别无选择。
14.我们遗憾的指出：贵方必须采取适当的措施以防类似事件的再次发生。
Unit 7
P57
1.我方相信贵方务必注意货物必须在规定的时间装运，若延迟将会造成我方的不便和经济2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.。。。我次奥 作业这题没交上
10.我方很遗憾必须拒绝装卸这些货物，因为我们不能分辨它们 属于哪类危险货物。11.我方会采取所有措施避免货物在途中发生的所有可能的损失。
12.我方仅告知贵方，我方收到温哥华代理的某日电报，要求我方将76号的从雅加达到香港的提单进行交付，因此要修改相应的装运提单。
Unit9
P79
1.如果你们有意，我们愿意做你们代理并笑纳你们的意见。
2.我们乐于接受你们的委任，作为你们在中国航运业一线的总代理。
3.你方传递给我们的任何资料都将受到高度赞赏。
4.十分欢迎你们的评论及建议，同时感谢你方首席给予我们作为你们代理的机会。
5.关于代理的佣金问题，我们根据国际航运业界的惯例，同意按运费总额的5％计算。
6.如果你们决定委任我方作为你们在本港的代理，我们必将竭诚提供不懈的服务
7.就船代问题而言，我们感到甚为抱歉的是，我们目前尚未准备考虑此事 损失。根据我方经验，这类货物要避免在炎热的季节装运。贵方必须知道被退关的货物产生的费用由船方负责。我方向贵方保证 为了能按期航行，对贵方来说被迫在雨天装货是必要的。由于这次延期的情况超出了我们控制的范围，我方深感抱歉。在我看来，上述货物是在驳船上或是从驳船卸上港时混合。请贵方将上述货物向驳船卸上岸时仔细分类。正如你所意识的，卸载上述危险货物没有适当的包装或标识将会造成有关方的不便。
8.根据进港指南，锚泊船要求引航必须夜晚悬挂上白下红旗、白天所有要求引航的船必须挂“G”字旗。
9.任何在我国领海区域行驶的船舶，船长必须遵守海关官员缉私船的信号和指示。
10.你船抵达我港前请作好充分准备，我方需要你们提前7天通知，以便及时办妥进港手续。
11.根据港口操作规章，船舶应按指示就近引航登陆。
12.在这个国家的任何船舶装有无油或含油混合物，垃圾，废物，危险性物质将被解除。船长或负责人的船只犯下这样的罪行将处以罚款美元……或监禁一年期„„
Unit 10 P91-92
1.请插入“测量”之前的“吨”在你溢/卸货物的货物清单里。
2.检查出口载货清单，我们发现有下列不符点„„我们假设上述错误是笔误，因此要求你做出必要的修改。
3.恳请贵方委托外代确认上述提单的毛重数量，使托运人通过银行议付。
4.在大副收据上模糊或模糊的措辞可能引起（导致）争议。
5.在规定的原因6的账单提单，承运人免除责任方面的货物，已从容器中被删除。
6.我的代理人告诉我们，上述的鹿特丹货物仍无人认领。
7.没有收货人或通知方出现在清单提单或货单上，所以不可能找到接收者。
8.你在我们的全套单据时间上的失误给我们造成了极大的不便。
9.我们保证你们完全无损并由收货人赔偿提出的索赔。
10.我们进一步承诺生成的提单为上述货物正式背书，只要这些文件为我们所有。
11.在案件的船只或任何财产，如果你受到应该被逮捕或拘留的威胁，我们会对你提过保释使该船只或财产获得释放。
12.就上述货物如果有任何诉讼或仲裁开始，我们同意，从时间上我们遵循你的要求，为您提供足够的资金来保护你
P135
1.有时经马六甲海峡的船只遇到两次大风，暴风雨天气。
2.可能是船只和货物持续在狂暴和恶劣天气期间航行害怕损失或损害，我在此
向声明受到的一切损失和损害在方便的时间地点从而和保留权利一样。3.我特此前声明的所有损失或损坏，如上面列举并无论何时何地需要有权要求
从各方赔偿。
4.十二月四日，19-----在巴拿马港。我注意到海上声明，已被公证先生xx
证明。
5.避免船只无法到达新加坡现有的国家和她的安全意识，雇主决定沿马来西亚
西海岸到麻坡海滩。
6.装载着1500吨以上货物的船最终在两艘拖船的协助下浮起，接着航行到目的地。
7.我特此证明上述是真实正确的。同时，我代表我的老板正式宣布共同海损并要求所有利益方提供共同海损担保。
8.如果你发现上述情况应实属共同海损，请将其调整到根据国际惯例会给出一个合理考虑的上海海运co。
9.经审阅，令人怀疑的是，业主在使船舶适航之前和在航次开始时是否尽职。10.只有在由雇主实力的书面证据产生的情况下，一般平均肯定成立，将所需的G.A.保证给我们。
11.我们发现调整为和，要求在我们的政策上汇给你2760美元来支付贡献。12.作为一个实践问题，一个劳埃德的标准形式的“无效果-无报酬”的救助协议签订了救助船只的船长，在危险的条件，意味着只有成功打捞服务要求报酬。
第五篇：国际航运业务英语与函电-前十五课练习答案
Re: Application for Surveyors
Would you be kind enough to arrange for a Lloyd’s surveyor to come on board my vessel as soon as possible to inspect and verify the extent of the damage to our deck fittings etc.which occurred during the storm we encountered on the present voyage from Singapore to Aden.Please also arrange for a cargo surveyor to inspect and confirm the condition of the cargo in all holds before breaking bulk.Your immediate attention to this matter will be much appreciated.(Or:I wish to inform you that the deck fittings etc.of my vessel were damaged due to the storm we encountered on the present voyage from Singapore to Aden.You are kindly requested to arrange for a Lloyd’s surveyor to attend my vessel immediately to inspect and verify the extent of the damage.Please also arrange for a cargo surveyor to inspect and confirm the condition of the cargo in all holds before breaking bulk.I should be obliged if you could manage this matter without delay.)
至亚丁港ABC船务代理行
请您安排劳氏检验师尽快来我船检查并证实甲板属具等在本次航从新加坡至亚丁途中遭遇风暴期间受损的程度。并再安排一位货物检验师在卸货之前来检查和确认所有船舱内所装货物的状况。望迅速办理此事，不胜感激。take delivery of the cargo提货;replenish bunkers加燃油;settle the account with you与你方结帐;quote us your freight rate向我方报价运费率;shipping application托运单frequency of sailing航班；transit time航期；additional cargo加载货；be subject to change with the market / market fluctuation随行就市；under separate cover / by separate post另函邮寄；freight to collect 到付运费;conference tariff公会运价表；sail to schedule按期开航 broken space/stowage亏舱
1.We shall have a consignment of 500 cases of bicycles for shipment from Shanghai to Bombay.Please quote us your freight rate including dockage(wharfage),lighterage, unloading charge and other expenses.兹有一批自行车货物500箱由上海装运到孟买，请给我们报价包括码头费、驳船费、卸货及其他费用在内的运费率。
2.The M.V.“Tai He” of our company is due to leave Shanghai for Lisbon on 5thOctober.Please fax us your instructions without delay if you have any consignment to be shipped by this vessel.我公司泰山轮定于十月五日离开上海开往里斯本，如果贵公司有货由该轮托运的话，请立即电示我们。
3.This is to inform you that we are able to reserve as requested sufficient space for your cargo.You are kindly requested to complete the shipping application and send it duly to us in exchange for our Shipping Order, but the freight must be prepaid.兹告知本公司可按贵方要求为你的货物保留足够的舱位。请将托运申请书填好寄来，以换取装货单，但运费须先付。
4.With regard to the accommodation for the additional cargo as requested in your letter dated 4th of this month, we wish to inform you that the M.V.“ABC” has no more space allotted for that cargo.We regret that we cannot do what you wish.关于你本月四日的来信要求舱位增加载货之事，现在告知ABC公司轮舱位不能收容更多的货物，无法照办甚歉。
1、我遗憾地告诉你，今天下午四时十分左右，我船发生一起事故。
I regret to inform you that an accident happened on board my vessel about 4:10 pm.Today.2、这事故涉及到一名绞车手在起吊货物操作中碰伤其左肩，估计很可能是骨折。A winch man,referring to this accident,hurt his left shoulder in the operation of lifting cargo up,and the hurt was reckoned likely to be fracture.3、我很抱歉这样的事故竟在我的船上发生了。根据我的调查，在发生事故时除了那些装卸工人外没有一名船员在场。I am extremely sorry for this accident when happened on board my vessel.In my investigation,at the time of accident,none of our crews was on the scene but the stevedores.4、本船船医向我建议，立即将受伤者送到岸上可靠的医院进行手术治疗。
Our ship's surgeon suggested me that we remove the injury to the reliable hospital instantly for operation.5根据本人经验所知，该事故的发生，从任何方面而言，绝不可能由于本船装置有故障或不完善所致。In my experience,the occurrence of the accident,in any way,is not caused by any trouble or imperfection of our ship's gear.6、该事故原因如贵方派代表向有关人员作进一步询查必能弄明其真相。
If you send your representative to make a further investigation as to the cause of the accident from related persons,the truth of the accident will certainly be as clear as noonday.甲
事由：码头工人意外事故
代理先生：
我遗憾地告知在XXXX左右，本船在你港装卸货时，一位名叫希尔曼的码头工人，34岁，不慎自3号舱二层柜舱口跌至低舱，头部受伤甚重，当即昏迷不醒。此事马上向我报告，经船医急救后，由他陪同用救护车将受伤者送往附近医院治疗。次日，船医打电话告知我，该工人因伤势过重，手术后五小时不幸死亡。据我所知，上述不幸事故纯系这个码头工人自己不小心所致，本船对此不负任何责任，特此说明，烦请特别关注为感。
Re:Accident of a Stevedore
Dear Agents:
I regret to inform you that at about 7am.on 17th May 2012,while loading at your port,one stevedore by the name of Hillman,aged 34,accidentally fell from the hatchway of NO.3 hatch tweendeck into lower hold,and seriously injured his head and became unconscious at that moment.The occurrence was reported to me instantly.Being given first-aid by ship's surgeon,the injured person,accompanied by the doctor,was taken by an ambulance to the near hospital for treatment.While the next day the doctor called me that unfortunately the aforesaid stevedore had died of the extremely serious injury in five hours after the operation.So far as I know,the aforesaid mishap was solely due to his own fault.I hereby state that my ship is not in any way responsible for it.Thank you for your kind attention to this matter.绕航deviation;无线电医疗咨询radio/medical inquiry;迅速遣返swift repatriation;办理出境手续go through exit formalities;偷渡者the stowaway;根据我国法规in accordance with our laws and regulation
你公司2012年5月17日NO.CN/452号函已收悉。我们称此机会代表Mr.Smith本人及其家属对你们对Mr.Smith在你港提留期间所给予的迅速治疗表示衷心的感谢。Mr.Smith说，如果没有你们及时和慷慨的帮助，他是不会如此快地回国的。他并表示在今后为促进我们两国人民的友好尽一切努力。请再次接受我们的谢意。我们随时准备报答你们的盛情。
We have been receipt of your letter dated May 17,2012 under Ref CN/452.We could like to take this opportunity of expressing,on behalf of Mr.Smith and his family,our sincere gratitude for the timely treatment you offered to Mr.Smith during his stay at yours.Mr.Smith said that he would not have been so quickly repatriated had he not received your timely and generous assistant.And he further expressed that he would make every effort to promote the friendship between the peoples of our two nations.Please one again accept our sincere thanks and we are always ready to repay your kindness.hold sweeping扫舱;diversion改航;outturn report卸载报告;shut-out cargo退关货;transshipped cargo船货;lashing and securing绑扎和紧固;exercise due diligence恪尽职守;the cargo/parcel in question/the parcel mentioned所谈及的这宗货;within stipulated time在规定时间内;on the present homeward voyage回航conform with the shipper’s request符合托运人要求;the stowage factors to be considered考虑记载因素to the entire satisfaction of the consignee使收货人完全满意;obvious discrepancy明显的不符合;due to the circumstances beyond our control由于我们无法控制的情况
1.Such being the case, the marks on the consignment are unclear, the ship will not be responsible for any consequences arising therefrom.情况就是这样，托运货物标记不清，船方不负责由此而造成的任何后果。
2.You may rest assured that we will take all possible precautions against any damage to cargo in transit and cargo handling.你们尽可放心，我们会采取一切可能的预防措施保护货物在航运和装卸中不受损失。
3.I regret to inform you that 300 bags of rice were shut out for the lack of(insufficient)space, which had been caused by our incorrect statement.Our ship will be responsible for all expenses incurred.我遗憾地告知，由于我方错误申报造成舱位不足，使300包大米货退关。我船愿承担由此引起的所有费用。
4.As you are well aware, the weight of these heavy lifts is far beyond the lifting capacity of the ship’s facilities.Kindly contact the harbour administration/ port authority as soon as possible to arrange a shore crane for discharge.如你所知，这些重件货的重量大大超过船舶装置的起吊能力，请尽快与港务局联系，安排案吊卸这些货。
6.The stevedores handled the goods in such a way that the mix-up of parcels is inevitable.码头工人这样搬运货物的方式，货物发生混票的情况是不能避免的。
乙
perishable goods易腐货；inherent nature固有的特性；negligence in stowage转载疏忽；original damage原残；vermin damage虫害；cargo damage alleged声称的货损；stevedore damage工残；insufficient ventilation通风不良；under the strict supervision严密的监控之下 ；unfounded viewpoint毫无根据的看法；during the rush loading在抢装货时；deterioration of contents内容物变质contaminated goods受污染货物；leakage of contents内容物渗漏；hoops off桶箍脱落；bear the burden of proof有举证责任；lodge/file a complaint against sb.for sth.对提出投诉；ample quantity of dunnaging mats and boards充足的垫席和垫货板；bung up and bilge free桶塞朝上，桶腰不受压
Re.Damage to 150 C/S Oranges B/L No.184
Ex.M.V.“Hua Xing” Yokohama/Vancouver
Your letter Ref.BK-425 dated 25th February has been duly received.We learn with much regret that 150 out of 2000 cases of oranges under B/L No.184 carried by us were damaged on the voyage from Yokohama to Vancouver.The parcel/consignment in question was stowed in No.2 lower hold and tweendeck which, prior to loading, were thoroughly examined by the Lloyd’s Surveyor at Yokohama.The coolness and ventilation in the compartments came up fully to the standards of transit, which was to the entire satisfaction of the Surveyor and shipper.During the voyage, we also paid special attention to the effective ventilation of the said cargo.From the above, we may conclude that the alleged damage to oranges must have been caused by their inherent nature and this is a matter beyond our control.Therefore, we are not to be held responsible for this damage.In addition, we would take this opportunity to bring it to your notice that the recurrence of such damage will be inevitable in the future unless the shipper improves the packing thereof.We trust we shall have your full understanding in this connection.你方2月25日编号BK-26函收到，获悉我船所载的第184号提单项下2000箱橘子货从横滨到温哥华航行中损坏150箱之事，我们深感遗憾。有关的这批货是装载在2号舱底和二层舱内，在装货前由横滨的劳氏检验所彻底检查过，舱室内的冷气通风情况完全符合运输标准，使检验员和托运人均感满意。在航行途中，我们也特别注意对上述货物有效地通风。从上所述，我们可以断定贵方所称的桔子货损一定是该商品原有特性所致。这是我们无法控制的事情。因此我们对此项损失不能负责。另外，我们愿借此机会提请你们注意，托运人如不改进包装，今后将不可避免地发生同样损坏之事。相信此事会得到你们充分的理解。
establish business relationship建立业务关系；port disbursements/port dues and charges港口驶费；agency appointment委托代理；agency fee代理费；canvass/solicit cargo揽货；port particulars港口细则；quarantine anchorage检疫锚地；Guide to Port Entry进港指南；ensure quick delivery保证快速交货；fumigation and disinfection(消毒)熏舱；render you untiring service为您提供竭诚服务；at the discretion of port operation凭港口调度意见；attend to Customs Declaration formalities for inward and outward shipments为进出口货载办理报关手续；The Business Regulations of China Ocean Shipping Agency中国外轮代理公司业务章程；report regularly ship’s movements and operation prospects定期报告船舶动态及作业计划
1.Owing to the rapid development of the trade between our two countries, we are sure that more ships of our company will call at your port and other ports of your country in future.由于我们两国之间的贸易迅速发展，我们肯定今后我公司将会有更多的船只停靠你港和你们国家其他港口。
2.We appreciate that the particulars of your port we required may cause you some extra work, for which we feel much regret.我们理解到，我们所需要的有关你港的具体情况资料能会使你们增加一些额外工作，为此我们深为抱歉。
3.Your letter of 24th May has been duly received.After careful consideration wehave decided to appoint you formally as our ship’s agents in Port of Libreville.五月24日来信及时收到，经仔细考虑，我们决定正式委托你们作为我们在利伯维尔港口的船舶代理。
4.Enclosed please find a draft of “Agency Agreement” for your perusal and kindly inform us whether you agree or not to all the provisions therein.请函附上“代理协议书”草稿一份，请细阅其中各项条款，并惠告你们是否同意。
5.To facilitate our consideration of the demand/requirements you made, please let us know the status of your company and scope of your business activities.为便于我们考虑你们所提的要求，请把贵公司的情况以及你们业务活动的范围见告。
6.We greatly appreciate your offer to act as our ship’s agents at the port of Algiers.As we have already had our long time丙
agents at the said port, we are very sorry that we are not prepared at present to appoint another one.我们对于你所提出作为我们在阿尔及尔港船舶代理一事深表感谢。由于我们在该港已有长期船舶代理，暂不拟委托另外的代理，甚歉。
7.Vessel must confirm her ETA at the specified Pilot Boarding Ground to the port authority two to three hours before arrival.船舶必须在抵港前2至3小时向港务局确认其规定的引水登船地点及预计抵达时间。
shipping documents货运单证；relieve the company of responsibility免除公司责任；manifest in triplicate一式三份舱单,cargo tracer货物查询单；overlanded/shortlanded cargo list货物溢/短单；non-negotiable B/L不可转让提单;claimant索赔人;debit note借款通知单;protection and indemnity(P & I)club保赔协会;self-explanatory不释自明;above/beyond reproach无可指责;credit note货项通知单;anti-dated/back-dated B/L倒签提单;shipped/on board B/L已装船提单;received for shipment B/L备运提单;marine fraud海运欺诈;out of proportion to its importance与它的重要性不相称
1、We wish to draw your attention to the fact that(to remind you that)no clean B/L will be issued in case the cargo coming for shipment is in damaged condition.我们提请你们注意：如果货物承运时已有破损情况，请勿出具清洁提单。
2、It is a standing rule in shipment that a remark on the damaged cargo put/noted in the B/L at the time of loading does not relieve the carrier of the responsibility for any damage to other cargo thus incurred.对在装货时已破损的货物在提单上加以批注，并不解除承运人对其他货物因此而遭受损坏的责任，这是船舶运输的常规。
3、No Letter of Indemnity is to be accepted without our prior consent.未征得我们实现同意，不能接受“保函”。
4、We hereby agree to pay on demand any claim that may occur on the said shipment and we indemnify you and/or your shipowner harmless against any consequences that may arise from your practice.为此，对于上述装船货物可能发生的任何索赔费，我们同意即期支付。对你方的做法可能引起的一切后果，我们担保你们和/或你船东不受损害。
5、At the shipper’s request we hereby authorize you to issue the Anti-dated B/L to the shipper against the Letter of indemnity on condition that the shipper provides the Letter of Indemnity and that the cargo has been in your custody.应发货人要求，我们在此授权您倒签提单并以发货人出保函和货物已在你们掌管下为条件，凭保函签发日期倒签提单的提单给发货人。海损事故；能见度；停车；退/涨潮；顺水前进；过失船；慢速前进；全速后退；让路船；越追船；操船不当；不可抗力；取证；系泊；3号浮筒；表示承认其责任；采取有效的行动；以交叉局势驶来
1、我现在向你报告。今天下午5时10分，当我船驶离本港5号泊位时，被进港的XVZ船公司“XX”轮所碰撞，致使我船艏左舷舷墙和扶手栏杆损坏，我当即与代理联系，要求他们帮助我们处理此事故。
2、我船把尽右满舵，急转航向，以避免直接与这艘看来似乎失控的渔船相撞。
3、由于大风大雨，小船被冲撞至我船尾，这样使得其主桅折成两段，幸好小船上全体人员都安全。
4、对此事故我深表遗憾，我保证愿意服从你们对此事所做出的任何决定。
5、我认为此次碰撞纯系你们操船不当所致，本船并无任何责任。因此，对于我船因碰撞而遭受的所有损坏和损失均由你船负完全责任。
6、毫无疑问，当我船本次航行结束进干船坞时，对可能发现的我船任何船体水下部分的碰伤也需由你们负责。同时我要求你在此《碰撞责任通知书》所附的所有副页上签认，并加盖船章后及时退回我轮备查。
sea perils海难；hull insurance船舶保险；fortuitous accidents意外事故；extraneous risks额外风险；mooring buoy系泊浮筒；insufficient strength强度不足；tear and tear磨损；on-the spot evidence现场证据；latent defect潜在缺陷；depreciation cost折旧费；accident of oil spillage溢油事故；inconsistent with the facts与事实不符；repair voucher/bill修理费账单；settle the matter in a fair and reasonable way公平合理地解决问题；defend the claim for oil pollution对油污索赔进行抗辩
(1)
Re: Damage to handrail（扶手栏杆损坏）
I regret to inform you that part of handrail with its two stanchions on the starboard side of my ship, abreast of No.3 hatch丁
was damaged;approximately 5m
in length were deformed due to the stevedores’ fault while my ship was loading at your port this morning.Kindly take this matter up with the stevedoring company immediately, requesting them to effect rush repairs and replacement of the damaged part before my departure and holding them fully responsible for the repair cost incurred.I trust this matter will have your great attention and thank you in advance.我遗憾地通知你们我船右舷与3号舱并列的扶手栏一部分及其附属的两根支柱于今晨在你港装货时，由于装卸工人的果实遭受损坏，约有5米长扭曲变形。请把此事立即提交装卸公司，要求他们在本船开航之前对损坏部分完成抢修和更新工作，所发生的修理费完全由他们负责。我相信此时将会得到你们的高度重视，并预致谢意。
(2)
Re: M.V.“A”－collision with the wharf（关于A轮碰撞码头事）
This is to inform you at 7:00 this morning the subject ship struck the wharf by her stern when she was pushed by two tugboats towards the wharf.Immediately after the accident the port authority call together some engineers and technicians to go down the wharf to examine its structure and made some video records on the spot.Findings of survey showed that there were two cracks in the wall of the wharf, some surface cement came off the wall and one pillar was slightly damaged because of the sudden dash.Afterwards, the port authority claimed/demanded U.S.$ 30,000 of compensation from the shipowner for the said damage.But the master of the M.V.“A” held that “It was the sole fault of the tugboats.Because their walkie-talkies failed in communication and the tugboats could not follow the pilot’s order to stop engine at once when the ship was getting alongside the wharf.Under these circumstances there was no reason for the shipowner to bear the unfair compensation.”
By now this matter has been still under negotiation and we shall keep you informed of its development.兹告知，上述该轮于今晨7时由两艘拖轮堆靠码头的时候，其艉部撞上了码头。事故发生后，港方当即召集了有关工程技术人员到码头下面查看了码头的结构，同时还在现场录了像。检验结果表明：因突然撞击，码头岸壁出现两条裂缝表面水泥部分脱落，一码头桩柱受到轻微损坏。事后，港方要求船东支付3万刀的赔偿费。然而，A轮船长认为，“这纯属拖轮方的过失，因为，他们的对讲机在靠码头联系中失灵，拖轮没能按引水员指令迅速停车。在此情况下，没有任何理由要船东来承担这一不公平的赔偿。”目前，此事还在交涉中，一有新消息，我们将随时通知。carriage of goods under charter租船运输；address commission回扣佣金;fixture note定租确认书;charter hire租金;dispatch money/demurrage速/滞费;tariff费率表;Laytime Statement of Facts装卸时间事实记录;for your perusal供审阅;Notice of Readiness装卸准备就绪通知书;stipulated laydays规定的受载期;on the basis of mutual agreement根据双方协议,in accordance with/under the charter party根据租船合同,make reference to Time Sheet参照装卸时间表;the volume to move per vessel每船的货运量;free in ,out and stowed(FIOS)船方不负责装卸/堆装费
(1)滞期通知书
This will serve to remind you that M.V.“China Sea” which arrived at this port on 10th June from London, is now discharging cargo at Dock/Wharf No.9 and will have reached the end of her stipulated laydays at 1500 hrs of this month.In accordance with the charter party dated 12th November, 19xx , demurrage will commence from that time and will be calculated at the sum of £ 500 per day, or pro rata for part of a day.It is expected to note that you will pay the demurrage in time if the laytime is Extended.我们特请你公司注意：“中国海”轮于6月10日自伦敦到达本港，现正在第9号码头卸货，其规定卸货终止时间为本月25日下午3时。根据19XX年11月12日所订的租船合同滞期费自上述时间开始，每天支付500英镑，不足一天，按比例计算。我们希望你公司能注意及此：如装卸时间延长，请及时支付滞期费。
(2)
Your letter FD-HY/93 dated 5th April has been duly received.With reference to the dispatch money of M.V.Noelle, from which steel bars were discharged at Shanghai, we clarified our views in our letter Ref.No.324 dated 18th March that on behalf of China Minmetals Imp & Exp Corp, we settled the accounts with you under Sate Contract 2FEE09019D.All the accounts were settled under the terms ofthe said Sale Contract except daily rate of Dispatch money/Demurrage calculated戊
under the C/P, of which you will have a better understanding.Enclosed please find two copies of our Statement of Account for check.If you have any objection, please don’t hesitate to let us know by reply.你公司4月5日编号FD-HY/93来信悉，关于Noodle轮在上海卸下圆钢速遣费一事已于我公司3月18日第324号函中谈清楚。我公司是按照2FEE09019D买卖合同规定代表中国五金矿产进出口公司与你们结算的。除每日速/滞费率按租船合同规定外，其他均按照买卖合同条文规定结算，请谅解。现附上我公司结算表二分，请核对。如有异议，请立即答复。
all benefited interests各受益方;note/lodge a sea protest提出海事声明;voluntary grounding有意搁浅;repair voucher单独海损;port of refuge修理单据;provide G.A.Security避难港;G.A.Adjustment共同海损理算;jettison of cargo抛弃货物;G.A.Contribution共同海损分摊;notary public公证人;salvage remuneration海难救助报酬;value of property saved/salved获救财产价值;No cure-No pay salvage contract“无效果-物报酬”救助契约
The shipowner of the subject vessel informed us that according to master’s report he received the vessel ran aground after her departure from the port of Antwerp on 22nd September and the said vessel managed to refloat by herself within approximately 5 hours after the accident and proceeded on/ resumed her voyage.The master’s report alleged that in view of the nature of this accident and the fact that no leakage was found after his careful examination of the oil tanks and bilges, he concluded that the seaworthiness of the vessel was unimpaired and now the vessel is on the voyage to her destination.However, the shipowner feared the possible damage to the vessel in the course of refloating and declared general average, requesting all benefited interests to provide G.A.security.Please could you notify the charterer of the above information, asking them to issue the G.A.Bond to the said master at the port of discharge and let us know the name and address of the cargo underwriters so that we are able to demand from them the usual/regular form of G.A.Guarantee.上述轮船的船东通知我们，根据他收到的船长报告，该轮于九月22日来开安特卫普港后搁浅。该轮在事故发生后约五小时内自己设法起浮，继续航行，船长报告称，鉴于该事故的性质以及他对油柜和船底仔细检查后没有发现渗漏现象，他断定船舶的是航行为损害，现正驶往目的港途中。然而，该船东担心在起浮过程中可能对船舶的损害而宣布共同海损。请将上述情况通知租船人，请他们在卸货港签给船长共同海损合约。并请租船人告诉我们货物保险人的名字和地址，以便我们可以要求他们提供通常格式的担保书。
packing list装箱单;statement of claim索赔清单;letter of subrogation权益转让书;;packing/unpacking(stuffing/unstuffing, vanning/devanning)装/拆集装箱;break down分列细目;customs of the trade本行业习惯;way ports途径港;pay the
compensation ex gratia通融赔款;weigh the pros and cons权衡利弊;the die has been cast已成定局;claim release索赔结案书;prima facie evidence初步证据;without prejudice以不妨碍权利为限;outstanding claim悬而未决的索赔;settle the claim in an amicable way以友好的方式解决索赔.lack of due diligenc 失职
1.The shortage of this consignment arrived is obviously caused by your careless mistake in packing, which should have been avoided if you had given your due attention to the packing.Therefore, we reserve our right to lodge a claim for the said
consignment.本批到货的短缺显然是装箱不慎出错所致。如果在装箱时予以应有的注意，此项短缺本可避免。为此，我们保留对该批货的索赔权。
2.Upon perusal of the relevant documents, we are of the opinion that the said claim should be rejected on the following grounds/for the following reasons.经仔细研究有关文件后，我们认为根据下列理由该项索赔不能接受。
5.Obviously the said loss occurred during the transit when the cargo were under your custody.Therefore, we hold you liable for the loss amounting to 2500 USD.很明显，这项损失是货物在你方保管室运输途中发生的，因此我们认为你方应赔偿该项损失，记2500刀。
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