第一篇:八年级上册英语语法知识总结
八年级上册学的都比较简单,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,句子成分,类型,简单句的五种基本句型,宾语从句,各种时态包括一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,一般将来时,情态动词和动词不定式等……具体内容如下——
一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。
great(原级)greater(比较级)greatest(最高级)
2)以-e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和-st 构成。
wide(原级)wider(比较级)widest(最高级)
3)少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。
clever(原级)cleverer(比较级)cleverest(最高级)
4)以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成.happy(原形)happier(比较级)happiest(最高级)
5)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。
big(原级)bigger(比较级)biggest(最高级)
6)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。beautiful(原级)? difficult(原级)
more beautiful(比较级)more difficult(比较级)
most beautiful(最高级)most difficult(最高级)
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further)farthest(furthest)
deep deeper deepest
tall taller tallest
形容词比较级的用法:
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
形容词最高级的用法:
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
二、句子成分
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
3、表语
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
三、句子类型:
1、简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
2、复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
3、两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
四、简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型一: S V(主+谓)
基本句型二: S V P(主+谓+表)
基本句型三: S V O(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
五、宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语
从句和形容词的宾语从句.1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。
2.由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
初二上册学的宾从就是这些。
六、时态:
一.一般现在时:(1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve.(2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,例如:I go to school every day.(3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.1.肯定句结构:
(1)行为动词:
a.第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+动词原形...例如:They go to school every day.b.第三人称单数: He/She/It+动词-s/es… 例如:Lily often likes singing.(2)系动词(be): I am...They/We/You are… He/She/It is…
2.否定句结构:
(1)行为动词:
a.第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+don’t+动词原形...例如:They don’t go to school every day.b.第三人称单数:He/She/It+doesn’t +动词原形… 例如:Lily doesn’t like singing.(2)系动词(be): 在is/am/are后加not 例如:I am not a worker.3.一般疑问句结构:
a.第一、二人称,复数人称: Do+they/we/you+动词原形...例如:Do they go to school every day?(Yes, they do.No, they don’t.)
b.第三人称单数: Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形…
例如: Does Lily often like singing?(Yes, she does.No, she doesn’t.)
(2)系动词(be):把is/am/are提在主语前.例如:Are you a worker?(Yes, I am.No, I’m not.)
二.现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事情.常与now, look…, listen…等表示现在状态的时间状语连用.1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing…
例如: The boys are playing football now.2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not
例如: The boys aren’t playing football now.3.一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前.例如: Are the boys playing football now?(Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.)
三.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用.1.肯定句结构:
(1)行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式…
例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.(2)系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…
例如: I was at home last night.2.否定句结构:
(1)行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形…
例如: The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago.(2)系动词(be): 在was/were后加not
例如: I wasn’t at home last night.3.一般疑问句结构:
(1)行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…?
例如: Did the twins go to school two hours ago?
(Yes, they did.No, they didn’t.)
(2)系动词(be): 把was/were提在主语前.例如: Were you at home last night?(Yes, I was.No, I was’t.)
四.一般将来时: 表示将来某时将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.常与tomorrow…, next…等表示将来状态的时间状语连用.1.肯定句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词…
例如: We will come to see you tomorrow
(2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词…
例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.2.否定句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not
例如: We won’t come to see you tomorrow.(will not=won’t)
(2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.例如: Tom isn’ going to see his uncle next Sunday.3.一般疑问句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 把will提在主语前.例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow?(Yes, we will.No, we won’t.)
(2)用于口语: 把is/am/are提在主语前.例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday?
(Yes, he is.No, he isn’t.)
五.情态动词: can(能,会),may(可以,可能,也许),must(必须,一定,应该)have to(必须,不得不)
1.肯定句结构: 主语+can/may/must+动词…
例如: I must go now.2.否定句结构: 在can/may/must后加not.例如: I mustn’t go now.3.一般疑问句结构: 把can/may/must提在主语前.Must you go now?(Yes, I must.No, I needn’t.)
May I open the window?(Yes, you may.No, you needn’t.)
六.had better+动词原形,表示“最好干……”,变否定句时在had better后加not.例如:You had better catch a bus.You’d better not catch a bus.(You had= You’d)
七.动词不定式:want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 动词原形…
例如: I want to get back my book..Lucy went to see his mother last night.九.特殊疑问句的变换:对划线部分提问时,将划线部分去掉,剩下部分变一般疑问句语序。(对主语提问例外)
例如: My name is Lily.What’s your name?
The river is 500 kilometres.Hong long is the river?
第二篇:八年级上册英语语法总结
八年级上册英语语法总结
1)leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。
例如:When did you leave Shanghai?你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。
例如:Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。
例如:Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2)情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思。例如:How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚? should有时表示应当做或发生的事。
例如:We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2.用于提出意见劝导别人。
例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。
3)What...? 与 Which...? 1.what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。
如:What is your father?
= What does your father do?
=What is your father's job? 你父亲是干什么的?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?---The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2.What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?(有特定的范围)你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3.what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:Which pictures are from China?哪些图片来自中国?
4)频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:
always(总是,一直)usually(通常)
often(常常,经常)sometimes(有时候)
never(从不)
2.频度副词的位置:
a放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
如: David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。b放在行为动词前。
如:We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7:10去上学。c有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。
如:Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。d.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:Never have I been there.5)every day 与 everyday 1.every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。
如: We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天7:10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。
2.everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。
如:She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么? 6)什么是助动词 1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如:He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a.表示时态,例如:He is singing.他在唱歌。
He has got married.他已结婚。
b.表示语态,例如:He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:I don't like him.我不喜欢他。a.加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that.他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7)forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do 1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。
(已做)
The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off..办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。
(to come动作未做)
2.remember to do 记得去做某事
(未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事
(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。(未去)
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?(已做)8)It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for.如:You are nice.(通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)9)对两个句子的提问
例如:句子:The boy in blue has three pens.提问:1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens? 3.What does the boy in blue have? 4.How many pens does the boy in blue have? 10)so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如: He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如:It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如: He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be结构中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems结构中。如: We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如: Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下结构中:enjoy doing sth
乐于做某事
finish doing sth
完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事 need doing sth 需要做某事 prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 miss doing sth 错过做某事
12)英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。
如: he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle 2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。
如: man(单数)---men(复数)banana(单数)---bananas(复数)3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13)名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I 名词复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加-s。
如:pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks
tree---trees 2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes 3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。
如: potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes 4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如: half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:scarf---scarves(fes)roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs II 名词复数的不规则变化
1.将-oo改为--ee。如: foot---feet tooth---teeth 2.将-man改为-men。如: man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen 3.添加词尾。如:child---children 4.单复数同形。如:sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people 5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。
如:Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians 6.其它。如:mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers 14)肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词 1.some变为any。
如:There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为or。
如:I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of(=lots of)变为many或much。如: They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)
→They don't have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.1.already变为yet。
如: I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.16)in与after in 与 after 都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。
2.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如: He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。
3.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。如:He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。4.不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。
如: We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。5..注意区分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.一周内我会去拜访他两次。17)不定冠词a与an的使用 1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如: There is a “b” in the word “book”.单词book中有个字母b。
类似的字母还有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。
如: There is an “i” in the word “onion”.单词onion中有个字母i。
类似的字母还有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
如: Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨伞吗?
3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如:a useful book a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle an umbrella
an honest person 18)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?
英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些: 1.put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。
如: He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2.wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。
如: The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
3.dress 可作及物动词,有“给......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如: Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。
如:The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。4.be in 表示穿着的状态
。如:
John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。19)a little, a few 与 a bit(of)a little, a few 与 a bit(of)都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢?
1.a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。
如:
There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。
如: He is a little shy.他有些害羞。
2.a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。
如: There are a few people in the room.房间里有一些人。
3.a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如:
It's a bit cold.有点冷。
a bit of 后接不可数名词。
如:
He has a bit of money.他有一点儿钱。
4.a little 表肯定意义,little 表否定意义;a few 表肯定意义,few 表否定意义。如:There is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him.几乎没有人喜欢他。
5.a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词;
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词,意为“有点儿”。
20)关于like的用法
like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。
1.like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。如:
Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗?
like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接动词的-ing分词(like doing sth),有时意思不尽相同。如: She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。(习惯)
She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。(平常不喜欢吃)
like 与 would 连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗?
“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。
如: They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。2.like 作介词,可译成“像......”。
如: She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。
It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。
3、区分以下句子:
A.What does he look like? 为“他长相如何?”指一个人的外貌特征
B.What is he like? 译为“他人怎么样?”指人的性格特点。
C.The boy like Peter is over there.D.A boy like Peter can't do it.A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似。
如:
The book speaks of my hometown.那本书提到我的家乡。
talk 意为“谈话、讲话”,如果只有一方对 21)stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth 1.stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。
如:
The students stop to listen to their teacher.学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
2.stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。
如:
The students stopped talking.学生们停止了谈话。
与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth “继续做某事(与刚才一事不同)”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。
如:
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。
They went on playing games.他们继续玩游戏。22)tell, speak, say 与 talk 1.tell 意为“告诉、讲述”,指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如:
He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。
Father always tells interesting stories to us.爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。
tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。
如:
He told me something about his past.他告诉我一些他的往事。
tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。
如: David told his son to do the homework.大卫要他的儿子去做作业。
1.speak 意为“说话、讲话”,后面主要接语言。
如:
He can speak English and a little Chinese.他能讲英语和一点汉语。
2.speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。
如: Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗?
3.speak of 意为“提到、说起”。另一方说话时,一般用 talk to;如果双方或多方交谈,多用 with。如:
Please talk to him right now.请立即同他谈话。
He is talking with his friend.他在和朋友交谈。
talk about 意为“谈论......”。如:
They are talking about the movie.他们在谈论那部电影。
have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。
如: Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗?
4.say 意为“说”。
如:
Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗?
say to 意为“对......说”。
如: He said to his students that they would have a test.他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。
It is said that...意为“据说”。
如: It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.据说他能呆在水里很长时间。23)Excuse me!与 I'm sorry!
1.Excuse me!意为“打搅了!对不起!”,一般是为了与陌生人搭话,或者要打断对方所说(做)的事。如:
Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?请问,附近有旅馆吗?
Excuse me, could I say something?打搅一下,我能说一些吗?
2.I'm sorry!意为“对不起!”,表示道歉。如:
I'm sorry, Mr Zhang.I won't do it again.对不起,张先生。我不会这么做了。
表示时间的in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词(组)连用。
1.in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如:
in the morning 在上午
in May, 2004 在2004年五月
in a week 在一周之内(后)
2.on 主要指在具体的一天。如: on Sunday 在星期天
on May Day 在“五一”节
on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午
3.at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如: at 8:00 在八点
at noon 在中午
25)Other及其用法
Other 及其相近的词(组),如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等,一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题,平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法:
1、other 指其余的人或物,所有格是 other's,复数形式是 others,the other 指“两个人或物中的另一个”,其复数形式是 the others,others 相当于“other + 名词”,所以不能充当定语,修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分,但不是全部的,即 some...others(一些...其余的人...)。the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部,即some...the others.2、another 泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合并构成,所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词,比如:another pencil.3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,后面要用名词的单数形式。26)look 短语
常见的look短语有以下这些: 1.look at 朝......看
Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。(look at=have a look at)2.look for 寻找
The old man is looking for his dog.老人在寻找他的狗。1.look like 看起来像
Nancy looks like her mother.南希看起来像她母亲。2.look the same 看上去一样
Li Ping and Li Jing look the same李萍和李晶看上去一样。5.look up 查找
Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。6.look over 仔细检查
The doctor looked over Mary carefully.医生仔细检查了玛丽。7.look after 照顾,照看
You must look after your old father.你必须照顾你的老父亲。8.look around 到处寻找、查看
We looked around, but we found nothing strange.我们四处查看,但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。27)too,also与either 1.too用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗号。如: We are in the same school, too.我们也在相同的学校。2.also用于肯定句和疑问句,一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如:Sandra is also a Korean student.Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。3.either用于否定句,一般放在句末。
如: They don't know the answer, either.她们也不知道答案。4.as well as也有“也”的意思。
如:We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.He is a happy boy as well.28)hard与hardly 1.hard既可作形容词,也可作副词。
如: It's a hard(adj.)question.(=difficult)
这是一个难的问题。The boy studies very hard(adv.).那男孩学习非常努力。句子结构:It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如:It's hard for him to finish the work.完成那项工作对他来说很难。
注意区分:hard work 困难的工作
work hard 努力工作
2.hardly是频度副词,表示否定的意思。(=almost not)通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。如:I can hardly see it.我几乎看不到它。
29)sometime,sometimes,some time与some times 1.sometime是时间副词,指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间(某时候或任何时候),不指一段时间。如: We'll go to Beijing sometime next month.我们下个月某一时候会去北京。2.sometimes是频度副词,指“有时”、“不时”的意思(=at times)。
如:Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。3.some time是名词词组,指一段时间(一些时间或若干时间)。
如:It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些时间去完成作业。4.some times指“几次”。
如: He met the woman some times last month.上个月他见过那妇女几次。30)exercise的一些用法
1.作不及物动词,译为“运动,锻炼”。
如: David exercises every morning.大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。1.作及物动词,译为“训练”。
如:Swimming exercises the whole body.游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。2.作名词,译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。
如:It's good to do eye exercises every day.每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。Please do more exercise from now on.从今以后请多做运动吧。
4.注意:exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词,复数形式为exercises;泛指运动时是不可数名词。31)maybe与may be 1.maybe是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。
如:Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。2.may be中的may为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如:He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。
32)same与different 1.same指“相同的”,前面通常要有一个定冠词the,但是如果same前面已经有this,those等词,就不能再与the连用了。
如:We are in the same class.我们在同一个班级。
结构:the same as 与......一样
如: His mark is the same as mine.他的分数和我的分数一样。2.different译为“不同的”,其后的可数名词应为复数形式 如:We are in different classes.我们在不同的班级。
结构:be different from 与......不同
如:This sweater is different from that one.这件毛衣与那一件不同。
different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。33)动词want的用法 1.want sth.想要某物
They want some help.他们需要一些帮助。2.want sb.to do sth.想要某人去做某事
My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父亲要我在农场上帮他。3.want to do sth.想要做某事
I want to study English in England.我想要在英国学习英语。4.want doing 需要...Your sweater wants washing你的运动衣该洗了。34)be good(bad)for、be good at的相关用法
1.be good for 对......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅长于......Li Ping is good at basketball.= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于篮球。
be good at = do well in 如:
I'm good at math.= I do well in math我擅长于数学。
3.be good to 对......好
Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。35)how many与how much 1.how many表示“多少”,对数量提问,后面接可数名词的复数形式。如:There are four people in my family.---How many people are in your family? 你家里有几个人?
We have seven classes every day.---How many classes do you have every day? 你们每天上几节课? 2.how much也是表示“多少”,但它对不可数名词进行提问。如:There is some milk in the bottle.---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶? 3.how much还可以对价格提问,表示“多少钱”的意思。如: The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱? 36)with的几个用法
1.with表“和、同、与”。
如: Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗? 2.with表“用、以、被”。
如:Don't write with the red pen.不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。3.with表“随着”。
如: Climate varies with the time of the year.气候随着时令的不同而不同。4.with表“带有、有......的”。
如: The girl with long hair is my classmate.长头发的女孩是我的同学。5.with表“因为、由于”。
如:They were angry with hard work.他们因为艰难的工作而生气。6..一些with结构:play with
与......一起玩
be angry with
对......生气
talk with
与......交谈
get on well with
与......相处融洽 37)a lot of(lots of)与many,much 1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”。相当于lots of。它既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词。如:I have a lot of friends in China.我在中国有很多朋友。The old man has lots of money.那位老人有很多的钱。2.many意为“许多”。它用来修饰可数名词。
如:Do you have many beautiful skirts?你有很多漂亮的裙子吗? 3.much意为“大量”。它用来修饰不可数名词。
如:There is much water in the lake.湖里有大量的水。
4.a lot of(=lots of)用在肯定句中,而many,much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句,要将它们改为many或much。如:We can see a lot of birds in the tree.---We can't see many birds in the tree.我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。He wants lots of soda.---Does he want much soda? 他需要许多汽水吗?
38)help用法举例
help既可以作名词,也可以作动词。1.help作名词,意为“帮助”。
如:He needs some help.他需要一些帮助。2.help作动词,也是“帮助”的意思。如:Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗? 3.help的结构: help sb(to)do sth
帮助某人做某事 =help sb with sth
帮助某人做某事
如:They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。39)well的用法
well可以作副词,也可以作形容词。1.well作副词,意为“(某事干得)好”。如:The boy draws very well.男孩画得很好。2.well作形容词,意为“健康、安好”。如:I'm not feeling well 我觉得不舒服。40)ago与before ago与before都表示“......以前”,但用法有所区别。
1.ago意为“以前”,表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前,常用于过去时的句子中。如: He took a photo a week ago.他一周前照了一张相片。2.before作为副词时表示:
a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前,用于过去完成时的句子中。
如: The boy had already seen the comedy before.那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。
b.笼统的“以前”,用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中,一般单独使用,而ago不可以单独使用。如:He's read this novel before.他以前读过这部小说。41)need的用法
1.need作实义动词,意为“需要”。
如:Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗? 2.need作情态动词,一般用于对must的否定回答。如:---Must he leave now?
他必须离开吗?
---No, he needn't.不,他不必。
3.区分:a.need作实义动词。
b.need作情态动词,一般不用于肯定句。42)decide的几种句式
1.decide to do sth
决定去做某事
They decide to fly kite on weekend.他们决定在周末去放风筝。
2.decide on doing sth
决定做某事
They decide on flying kites.他们决定放风筝。
3.decide on sth
就某事决定......Betty decided on the red skirt.贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。
2.decide的名词形式为decision,结构:make a decision,意为“做决定” 如:He has made a decision.他已经做一个决定了。
43)too many,too much与much too 1.too many意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数。
如: There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。2.too much意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词。
如:We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词。
如:The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它。44)can的用法 1.表示能力。
如:We can carry the heavy box.我们可以搬得动箱子。Who can sing an English song?谁会唱英文歌?
2表示惊讶、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如:Can it be true?这会是真的吗? You can't be serious? 你不会当真吧?3.表示允许,意思与may相近,主要用于口语中。如: Can I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗? Can I go with him?我可以跟他一起去吗?
第三篇:八年级上册英语语法知识点总结
八年级上册英语语法知识点总结
.Unit1:1.学习谈论过去发生的事情,复习一般过去时态。一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某个时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。.例如:Where did you go on vacation ?I went to New York..2
学习掌握不定代词的用法:anyone something anything everything nothing no one 等等...unit2: 1.讨论经常你经常做的事情,用how often 进行提问.例如:How often do you exercise? I exercise every day..2.学习掌握频度副词:always almost always usually often sometimes hardly ever seldom never...unit3: 1.学习形容词和副词的比较级规则,分为规则变化和不规则变化形容词和副词的比较级用法:表示两者(人和事物)的比较。..规则变化:1.一般在此为加er.2.以字母e结尾的词,在词尾加r.3.重度闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母,再加er.4.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,先把y改I 再加er.5.多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more.不规则变化另外记忆。...Unit4: 1.学习形容词和副词的最高级规则,分为规则变化和不规则变化。.形容词和副词的最级用法:表示三者或三者以上(人和事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个,后面用of /in 短语来说明比较的范围。.规则变化:1.一般在此为加est.2.以字母e结尾的词,在词尾加st.3.重度闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母,再加est
.4.以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,先把y改I 再加est.5.多音节和部分双音节词在词前加most.不规则变化另外记忆...Unit5:1.谈论个人喜好,学会做计划。.例如:what do you think of talk show.I can’t stand it.2.学习和掌握关于电视节目的单词: talk show sitcomNews soap opera game show sports show talent show...。Unit 6 1.谈论将来的打算,学会用be going to 结构的用法.Be going to 是一种固定结构,它后面接动词原形,用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时也可以表示推测将要发生或肯定会发生的动作,有“准备,打算”的意思。.例如I am going to study math really hard..2掌握词组:have to do with make promise have …in common write downFor this reason take up...Unit 7 1学习一般将来时态。.一般将来时由“助动词+动词原形”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也可以表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow, next week ,next year ,in the future等。.例如:what will the future be like ?...Unit8: 1.学会描述步骤和方法,掌握关联词:first then next finally
.2.学会对可数名词和不可数名词的多少进行提问How much 对不可数名词的多少进行提问How many 对可数名词的多少进行提问...Unit9 1.学会邀请人参加活动和委婉拒绝别人的邀请和建议..例如:can you come to my party on Saturday?.Sure ,I ‘d love to.Sorry ,I must study for a math test..2.学会些邀请信和拒绝函。...Unit10: 1学习简单的if 引导的条件状语从句If条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生,条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。.例如:if you ask him, he will help you..注意:.If从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,简称“主将从现”。
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第四篇:八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结
八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 本单元的话题:谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时。
本单元的语法:1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。2.不定代词和不定副词的用法:
(1)左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词,some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词;
(2)一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句,以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one为两个单词);(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面。He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容词important放后)Did you buy anything special?(一般疑问句用anything,形容词special放后)Did you go anywhere interesting?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere,形容词interesting放后)(4)不定代词和不定副词做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。Everyone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。本单元的短语和知识点:
1.go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山
2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆
go to summer camp去参观夏令营 3.study for tests为考试而学习备考 go out出去 4.quite a few相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)
take photos照相 most of the time大部分时间 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物
6.taste good.尝起来很好 taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词 7.have a goodgreatfun time过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself)8.go shopping去购物 9.nothing……but……+动词原形:除了……之外什么都没有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。
10.seem to do sth:好像……I seem to know him.我好像认识他。It seems that……/It seemed that……好像 seem+(to be)+形容词:看起来„The work seems(to be)easy.这工作看起来很容易。11.keep a diary记日记
12arrive in+ 大地方:达到某地(get to +地方:达到某地)arrive in+ 小地方:达到某地(get的过去式为got)若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三个地点副词,后面的介词inatto必须去掉。Tom got home yesterday 昨晚汤姆到家。
13.decide to do sth:决定做某事 14.try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事 15.feel like给„的感觉;感受到 16.in the past 在过去 walk around四处走走
enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事 difference(名词,差异,差别)----different(形容词,不同的)18.start doing sth:开始做某事(= start to do sth)
19.over an hour一个多小时(over超过,多余 = more than)
20.too many 太多,后接可数名词复数。too much 太多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。much too 太,后跟形容词或副词,分辨三者的口诀: too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。
21.because of 因为,后跟短语 because因为,后跟句子。
He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。(get为动词)
= He was late for school because he got up late.22.enough(足够的)与名词连用,一般放在名词前He has enough money.23.enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用,enough放在后面。24.forget doing sth忘记已经做过某事(已经做完)
forget to do sth忘记去做某事(还未做)(forget的过去式为forgot)
25.so+形容词+that+句子:如此……以至于…… tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 27 go on 继续 28 keep doing sth 保持做某事。
Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 本单元的话题:谈论生活习惯,复习一般现在时。
本单元的语法:1.复习一般现在时;2.学习表示频率副词的用法。主要频率副词的等级排序:
always(总是)> usually(通常)> often(经常)> sometimes(有时)> hardly ever(很少)> never(从不)这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。即:“行” 前“助(系)”后。Peter is always late for school.Peter上学总是迟到。I usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作业。
提问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词,用 How often 提问。
I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视→How often do you watch TV?(你多久看一次电视?)本单元的短语和知识点:
1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看电影 help with housework帮助做家务 how often多久一次
hardly ever几乎从不
2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周两次 every day每天 use the Internet用互联网 be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗?
4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动
5.after school 放学后 6.want sth:需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔。want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视。want sb to do sth:让某人做某事 My mother wants me to get up early.妈妈让我早起。7.be good for对……有好处 be bad for 对……有害处 8.play computer games打电子游戏 go camping去野营
9.ask sb about sth:问某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母经常问我的学习情况。
10.in one’s spare time在某人业余时间He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13,2b)”数字+percent of+名词”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数,后面的动词用复数形式;若名词为单数或不可数名词,后面的动词用单数形式。
In our class ,twenty of students are boys.Thirty of water is dirty.12.not……at all:一点儿也不(not构成否定句)I don’t like the movie at all.13.go online上网=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名词:……的答案 16.the(best)way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的最好方法是说英语.17.such as比如(后跟名词或名词短语)for example 例如(后跟句子)
He likes fruits, such as apples, bananas and so on.他喜欢水果,例如苹果、香蕉等。He has some good ways to study English, for example , he often listens to tapes.19.more than(=over)超过,多余 20.go to the dentist去看牙医
Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.本单元的话题:谈论事物对比,学习形容词比较级。本单元的语法:学习形容词比较级。(语法:见课本第113页至115页)本单元的短语和知识点:
1.play+the +乐器 play the drums打鼓 2.play +球类 play basketball打篮球 3.both……and……两者都(后面的动词用复数形式)Both Tom and Jim are students.4.be good at+名词代词V ing:擅长,在某方面做得好5.do well in 6.be like:像……The books are like friends.书像朋友。
7.make friends(with sb):(和某人)交朋友 8.enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事
9.be different from与„不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟与我不一样。10.help sb(to)do sth:帮助某人做某事
常与help sb with sth(在某方面帮助某人)互换 He often helps me(to)learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。= He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。help(to)do sth:帮助做某事He often helps(to)cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。13.be good with sb:与某人相处很好 14.information(n.消息,信息)不可数名词
Unit 4 What's the best movie theater? 本单元的话题:谈论事物对比,学习形容词和副词的最高级。本单元的语法:学习形容词和副词的最高级。本单元的短语和知识点:
1.welcome to+地点:欢迎来到某地 Welcome to our school.欢迎来我校。2.What do you think of sth? =How dou you like sth?你认为...怎么样? 3.watch sb do sth:看见某人做了某事(= see sb do sth)4.比较级别 +and+比较级:越来越……(若比较级为more+形容词原级,则为:more and more形容词原级)The buildings are taller and taller.Our school is getting more and more beautiful.5.around the world全世界=all over the world, 6.such as 例如
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? 本单元的话题:谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好,学会表达自己的感受。本单元的语法:复习一般现在时。本单元的短语和知识点:
1.What do you think of sth ? =How do you like sth?你认为……怎么样?
What do you think of the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样? It is boring.很无聊。
2.mind doing sth:介意做某事 3.news(不可数名词,消息,信息)a piece of good news一条好消息 4.learn(sth)from sb:向某人学习(某物)5.plan to do sth:计划做某事(plan的过去式planned,现在分词planning)6.hope to do sth:希望做某事 7.favorite(形容词,最喜爱的)= 8.like……best My favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜欢的节目是谈话节目。=I like talk shows best.9.expect to do sth:期待做某事 10.think of认为,想起He often thinks of his teachers.11.in the 1930s:在二十世纪三十年代(1930年至1939年)
12.one of +可数名词复数:„之一(该短语放在句首做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.这些学生中一个人有英语字典。13.a symbol of ……一个……的象征
14.luck(名词,幸运,运气)—lucky(形容词,幸运的)--unlucky(形容词,不幸的)15.be ready to do sth乐意做某事 16.try one's best(to do sth):尽力(做某事)17.come out 出现 18 dress up 乔装打扮 19 not so ……as 不如……
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.本单元的话题:谈论自己将来的计划或打算。
本单元的语法:学习一般将来时be going to do sth。本单元的短语和知识点:
1.词性转换:science(名词,科学)—scientist(名词,科学家)
violin(名词,小提琴)--violinist(名词,小提琴家)piano(名词,钢琴)--pianist(名词,钢琴家)2.grow up成长,长大 3.be good at+名词代词动词+ing:擅长„
He is good at math, but he isn’t good at speaking English.他擅长数学,但是不擅长说英语。4.keep on doing sth: 继续做某事 5.be sure about:确信,对„有把握 His mother isn’t sure about his study.他的妈妈对他的学习没有把握。
6.move to +地点:搬(家)到某地 7.take singingacting lessons上歌唱课上表演课=have singingacting lessons 8.send sb sth = send sth to sb寄送给某人某物
His grandfather often sends him money。= His grandfather often sends money to him.9.learn to do sth学会做某事
10.play the piano弹钢琴 make the soccer team组建足球队 get good grades取得好的成绩
eat healthier food吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise进行大量锻炼
11.foreign language外国语言 12.study hard努力学习most of the time大多数时间 14.get back from+地点:从„回来 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.15.at the beginning of 在„开始的时候, 16.write down写下/记下,17.different kinds of不同种类的 have to do with关于,与……有关系,19.take up开始从事 20.too+形容词+to do sth:太……以至于不能„ so+形容词+that+句子:如此„以至于„
形容词+enough to do sth:足够„能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互相转换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了以至于不能去上学。= He isn′t old enough to go to school.22.make sb+形容词:让某人怎么样
The good news made us happy.(注意:news为不可数名词)
23.how to do better at school为“疑问词+不定式”即“疑问词+to do sth”
He didn’t know when to start.他不知道什么时候开始。24.go to university去上大学
Unit 7 Will people have robots? 本单元的话题:谈论对未来的语言,学习一般将来时will do sth。本单元的语法:学习一般将来时will do sth。
一般将来时由“助动词will / shall + 动词原型”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow、next week,in 2 days(2天之后)等连用。)(will not= won’t)一般疑问句:把肯定句中的will 提到句首即可。以上两句的一般疑问句为: Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.No, we won’t.否定句:把肯定句中的will 变为won’t即可。以上两句的否定句为: We won’t visit the old man next week.She won’t finish the work in 2 weeks.本单元的短语和知识点:
1.There be结构:There be(is/are/was/were)+某物/某人+某地/某时 “There be结构”的一般现在时:There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时 There are 600 students in our school.在我们学校有600个学生。
一般过去时:There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某时 There was a school ten years ago.一般将来时:There will be+某物/某人+某地/某时.= There is going to be+某物/某人+某地/某时.There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meeting next week.下周将有场运动会。2.on computers在电脑上, on paper在纸上 3.a few有一些 +可数名词复数 a little 有一点儿+不可数名词
few 几乎没有(表示否定)+可数名词复数 little几乎没有(表示否定)+不可数名词
many很多,许多+可数名词复数 much 很多,许多+不可数名词 few 的比较级是fewer ,little的比较级是less
many 和much的比较级都是more There will be less polution in the future.在未来将会有更少的污染。(polution为不可数名词)
We should plant more trees.我们应该种更多的树。(tree为可数名词)There will be fewer cars in the future.在未来将会有更少的汽车。(car为可数名词)4.in(great)danger在(极度)危险中on the earth在地球上save the earth拯救地球 6.in+一段时间:在…..之后(多用于一般将来时)
He will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来。→How soon will he come back?多久之后他将回来? How soon(译为多久以后)提问的句型用 in 来回答。
How long(译为多久)提问的句型用for(译为持续)来回答。
句型 There isare sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。There is a cat eating fish.hundreds of+名词:成百上千的…..,许多„(表示模糊数字)数字+ hundred +名词:几百…..(表示具体数字)
He has hundreds of book.他有很多书。He bought two hundred books.他买了二百本书。12.at some point: 在某些方面 free time空闲时间 in one’s free time在某人空闲时间
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 本单元的话题:描述做事情的顺序和过程。(First首先,Next下面,Then然后,Finally最后)本单元的语法:复习一般现在时。
本单元的短语和知识点:
turn on打开turn up调大turn off关上turn down调小
how many多少+可数名词复数:how much多少+不可数名词:
He has eight books.他有八本书。→How many books does he have? 他有多少本书? 3.量词的用法:不可数名词常用“数字+量词+不可数名词”来表示。如:
a piece of bread一片面包 比较:two pieces of bread两片面包(bread为不可数名词)
a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁 one spoon of butter 一勺黄油
5.one more thing = another one thing.基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词:又多少某物.He ate an apple, he wanted to eat two more apples.7.It’s time(for sb)to do sth是某人该做某事的时间了。
It’s time for us to have lunch.It’s time for sth是该做某事的时间了。It’s time for class.是该上课的时候了。
Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 本单元的话题:学会发出、接受或拒绝邀请。本单元的语法:复习情态动词。本单元的短语和知识点:
1.on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午,在具体哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on.2.have to 必须(后跟动词原形)
He has to get up early.他必须早起。→(一般疑问句)Does he get up early? Yes,he does.No,he doesn’t.(否定句)He doesn’t have to get up early.他没有必要早起。想要某物 Jim would like a new pen.would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事
He’d like to watch TV.Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做...?(用来提出建议或征求对方意见)------would you like to go shopping with me ? 你想和我一起去买东西吗?------Yes,I’d love to,but I’m doing my homework.我想去,但是我现在正在做家庭作业。(=Sorry, I’m doing my homework.非常抱歉,我正在做家庭作业。)5.prepare for sth为„做准备 go to the doctor去看病have the flu 患流感help my parents给父母帮忙 have an exam考试
6.until 的用法:<1>若动词为延续性动词则用肯定句式 He studied until 21:00pm.他一直学习到晚上九点。
<2>若动词为非延续性动词,则用not…..until…..(直到…..才…..)
He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.他一直到他爸爸回来才上床睡觉。10.study for a math test为数学考试做准备go to the party参加聚会
11.What’s today? 今天几号?It’s Monday, the 14.今天星期一,十四号。补充:What day is it today?今天星期几? It’s Monday今天星期一。
What’s the date today? 今天几月几日?It’s October 20.今天10月20日。12.go to the doctor去看病 have a piano lesson上钢琴课 13.look after 照看,照料 = take care of She is old enough to look after his brother她足够大了能够照看她的弟弟。take good care of =look after…..well好好照顾,好好照料 We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children well.感叹句的类型: ⑴ What a∕an+adj+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!What +adj+可数名词复数∕不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What a fine day(it is)!多么好的天啊!(day为可数名词单数)What an interesting book it is!多么有趣的一本书啊!(book为可数名词单数)
What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花啊!(flowers为可数名词复数)
What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天气啊!(weather为不可数名词)
⑵ How +adj +主语+(谓语中的)系动词!How +adv +主语+(谓语中的)实义动词!How happy I am!我多麽高兴啊!(happy为adj,am为系动词)How hard they are working!他们工作多么努力啊!(hard为adv,work为实义动词)点拨:陈述句改为感叹句,可以采用“一判、二定、三移”。一判:是判断出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性(adj∕adv∕n);
二定:是根据判断出来的结果来确定引导词(中心词为名词用What;中心词为形容词或副词用How;)三移:就是把主语和谓语移到后面。
注意:在感叹句中,不得出现so, very,very much等表示程度的单词。例如:①Our school is beautiful.一判:beautiful为形容词;二定:beautiful为形容词,用How 来引导;三移:把Our school is 移到How beautiful后面,即为感叹句How beautiful our school is!②He is a clever boy.一判:boy为名词;二定:boy为名词,用What来引导;三移:把He is移到What a clever boy 后 面,即为感叹句What a clever boy he is!③He studies English well.一判:well为副词;二定:well为副词,用How 来引导;三移:把He studies移到How well后 面,即为感叹句How well he studies!练习:将下列句子变为感叹句。①The room is very bright.② We live a happy life today.③It is a nice present.④This is difficult problem.⑤She played the piano wonderfully.16.)the(best)way to do sth:做某事的(最好)方法 17.thanks for+名词V•ing:为…..而感谢
18.take a trip参加郊游,at the end of this month在本月底
19.go back to+地点:回到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.两天后他将回北京。20.have a surprise party for sb为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会
21.without+名词代词 V•ing:没有„ He can’t finish the work without our help.(help为名词)
He went to school without having breakfast.他没有吃早饭就去上学。(have为动词)24.look forward to +名词代词V.ing:期待,盼望
25.hear(d)from sb.收到某人的来信 = receiv(ed)a letter from sb.27.the opening of…..:开幕/开业 28.在具体哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比较: in the morning在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天的早晨 29.invite sb to +地点:邀 请某人去某地(invite--invitation)invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
31.reply to sth / sb:回答某事/回答某人 go shopping 购物,do homework做家庭作业
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!本单元的话题:谈论事情可能的结果。
本单元的语法:在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来——即主将从现。从句(一般现在时)(主句一般将来时)解释:在条件状语从句,时间状语从句中,若主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来-------简称主将从现
If it is fine tomorrow, I’ll visit Shanghai 区分:宾语从句若主句为一般现在时,从句可以根据需要用任何时态 我认为我在两天内将完成这项工作。主句(一般现在时)宾语从句
填空:I think she
(come)here tomorrow.If he
(come)here, I
(call)you.本单元的短语和知识点:
1.have a great /good time 玩的开心 stay at home呆在家里take the bus乘公交车,go to the party参加晚会 tomorrow night明天晚上 talk about sth谈论某事
have a class party开班级晚会have a class meeting 开班会
6.plan to do sth计划做某事They are planning to go shopping.他们正在计划购物。7.(P74,2b).. 8.half the class 全班一半人,9.make some food 做食物
10.ask sb.to do sth 请某人做某事My parents often ask me to study hard.ask sb.not to do sth 请某人不要做某事 My techer often asks us not to be late.11.tell sb.to do sth 告诉某人做某事 tell sb.not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事 12.give sb some advice给某人建议/劝告(adivce为不可数名词)13.travel around the world 周游世界, go to college 上大学,make(a lot of)money 挣钱, get an education接受教育,14.)work hard 努力工作,a soccer player 一个足球运动员
15.talk to sb.与某人谈话,keep……to oneself 把„留给自己/独处 保守秘密
16.have problems with sth:在某方面有困难 have problems(in)doing sth:做方面有困难(2个句型常常可以互换)She has problems with English.她在学习英语方面有困难。
= She has problems(in)learning English.她学习英语有困难。17.unless=if……not如果……不
Unless it is sunny tomorrow,I won’t go shopping.=If it isn’t sunny tomorrow, I won’t go shopping.18.be afraid to do sth:不敢做某事19.be afraid of sth:害怕某物
20.be angry with sb生某人的气He is angry with his son.他在生他儿子的气。21.be angry aboutat sth 因某事而生气
He is angry aboutat his work.他因为工作生气。
22.make mistakes犯错误 23.remember to do sth记着去做某事(事情还未做)remember doing sth记着已经做过某事(事情做完,但是还记着)
Please remember to close the door when you leave.当你离开的时候记着关上门。(门还未关).He remembered closing the door.他记着已经关上门了。(门已经关上)24.advise sb to do sth劝说某人做某事 advise sb doing建议提议做某事。25.It’s best(not)to do sth.最好(不要)做某事 solve a problem解决难题 26.run away from逃避Don’t run away from your problems.30.agree with sb:同意某人(的看法、意见、观点等)31.worry about 担心 =be worried about
第五篇:八年级下册 英语语法总结
八年级下册 英语语法总结(全书)
初二语法复习
1.so+谓语+主语:…也一样.谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词
2.so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.3.help yourself/yurselves to...请随便吃点...
4.发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5.不完全同意I don’t really agree.完全不同意I really don’t agree.6.或者..或者...either…or…..就近原则
既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原则
既....又...both…and….谓语用复数
7.看起来,似乎It seems/seemed that…..8.由于...而闻名be famous for….更详细的语法可以看这里:)