高考英语二轮考点复习讲义 阅读理解 科普知识与现代技术

第一篇：高考英语二轮考点复习讲义 阅读理解 科普知识与现代技术

2013高考英语二轮考点复习讲义：阅读理解-科普知识与现代

技术

2.这种科普文章多为说明文，要求考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象。解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代；判断正确的流程顺序、正确的生产方法、正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，以便最终做出正确判断。

3.着重揭示自然界潜在奥秘，多解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现的现象，因此说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静的心态阅读原文，解答试题。同时应认真分析长句句子结构和逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解。

4.科普文章因为其内容的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。一般用言简意赅的文字介绍、解释事理。一般来说，都写得条理分明，有一定的说明顺序和说明方法。

5.科普文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用。

6.我们同时还要注意一些关于如何培养、知道学生、孩子的科普意识的建议方面的文章。·链接高考

链接1.（2012山东卷）

For those who are tired of doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that“ was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES)this week-Samsung is just one of many appliance make* racing to install(安装)a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them ”smart.“ Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year, it's Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used a remote control, so

the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it's not just something new-the app connection actually has some practical uses.”If you started to dry clothes in the moving and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.72.What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES? A.The machine will be a big success.B.Their wives like doing the laundry.C.The machine is unrelated to their life.D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.73.What can we learn about the new laundry machines? A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B.They can be controlled with a smartphone.C.They are difficult to operate.D.They are sold at a low price.74.We can conclude from Samsung's statements that.A.the app connection makes life easier B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning C.smartphones can shorten the drying time D.we should refresh clothes back at home 75.What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A.The laundry should be frequently checked.B.Lazy people like using such machines.C.Good technologies also cause problems.D.Television may help do the laundry.链接2.（2012安徽卷）

In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them.Although all kites have a similar structure（结构）, they are widely different in size and shape.Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’（对手）kites or cut their strings（线）.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii.In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes!Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite.Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980.their kites are made of nylon（尼龙）.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern.The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite.Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in.Then the controls are given to the students Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites.Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun.Go on, give it a try!68.Which of the following is true according to the text? A.A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.B.Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.C.Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.D.Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.69.What is different about the kite used for flying lessons? A.It has two strings.B.It is simple in design C.It has a rainbow pattern.D.It is shaped like a diamond.70.According to Jonathan ,what do you need to have fun with kites? A.A large kite.B Any type of kite.C.A complex structure.D.A kite that impresses others.71.What is mainly described in the text? A.A kite factory

B.Kite-flying lessons.C.Special competitions.D.The kite-making Process.【考点】日常生活类—科技说明文

【文章大意】。本文讲的是由Jonathan和他的妻子组建的 the Big Wind Kite Factory的制造的各种各样的飞机和Jonathan给孩子们传授制造各种各样的飞机的课。68.【答案】D 【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980.their kites are made of nylon（尼龙）.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.”可知D项正确。【难度】较难

链接3（2012安徽卷）

Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror.Your face is firm and young-looking.In 2035, medical technology is better than ever.Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, you’re not old at all.And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老的)treatment.Now, all three of look the same age!You say to your shirt , ”Turn red.” It changes from blue to red.In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子)much smaller than the cells in your body.The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen.You pick up the milk ,but a voice says ,” You shouldn’t drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip(芯片)that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old.In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.It’s time to go to work.In 2035, cars drive themselves.Just tell your “smart car” where to go.On the way , you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve.Such “smart technology” is all around you.75.What is the text mainly about? A.Food and clothing in 2035.B.Future technology in everyday life.C.Medical treatments of the future.D.The reason for the success of new technology.【考点】科幻类—说明文

【文章大意】。本文讲的是对未来的生活吃，穿，住，工作等的描述。72.【答案】D 【试题解析】文章的第二段“The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.”可知答案。【难度】一般 73.【答案】C 【试题解析】段落大意题。根据文章第四段所讲的，当到厨房的时候，牛奶过期了，会有电子信息告诉你不能吃了。故选C项。【难度】一般 74.【答案】D 【试题解析】根据“It’s time to go to work.In 2035, cars drive themselves.Just tell your “smart car” where to go.”可知D项正确。【难度】一般 75.【答案】B 【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“For new technology to succeed,”和后面的the internet 可知下一段将要讲的是科技。故选B项。

【难度】一般

·专项训练

A Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist „ Robert Hooke was all these and more.Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century.In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.Hooke’s early education began at home, under the guidance of his father.③He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England.Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments.In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London — meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating new experiments at the society’s weekly meetings.Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.1.We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Hooke is ____.A.friendly B.sociable C.creative D.helpful 2.Why possibly did Hooke accept the job as Curator of Experiments? A.Because his parents couldn’t afford his education.B.Because his family needed his support.C.Because he wanted to please the famous scientists in England.D.Because he liked designing experiments.3.The cell got its name because of ____.A.its use B.its shape C.Hooke’s favorites D.Hooke’s experiences 4.The last paragraph is to prove that ____.A.Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century B.Hooke was good at making discoveries C.Hooke’s contributions were not limited to one filed D.Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers 5.The best title for the text may be ____.A.The Greatest Scientist B.A Helper of Newton C.A Brief Introduction to Hooke D.Achievements of Hooke B Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them.Helping them enjoy science can be easy;there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.You only have to share your children’s curiousness.Firstly ,listen to their questions.I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job.The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job.When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence.Finally I said,“Now that we’re finished with your lists ,do you have questions of your own about science?” 

After a long pause, a boy raised his hand,“Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢)eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache.Why?” 

This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.

Secondly ,give them time to think.④Studies over the past 30 years have shown that ,after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think.When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more ,children give more logical , complete and creative answers.

Thirdly, watch your language.Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”.These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over.Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”,or coming up with more questions or ideas.

Never push a child to “Think”.It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to.What’s more ,this can turn a conversation into a performance.The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.

Lastly, show;don’t tell.Real life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program.Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜),and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发),set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.

1.According to the passage , children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is ____________. A.to let them see the world around B.to share the children’s curiosity

C.to explain difficult phrases about science D.to supply the children with lab equipment 2.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced

by ____________. A.any questions B.any problems

C.questions from textbooks D.any number of questions 3.According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ____________. A.ask them to answer quickly

B.wait for one or two seconds after a question C.tell them to answer the next day

D.wait at least for three seconds after a question 4.In which of the following paragraph(s)does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion? A.The second and third.B.The fourth and fifth. C.The fifth and sixth.D.The seventh.5.The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should ____________. A.tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵)facts B.offer their children chances to see things for themselves C.be patient enough when their children answer questions D.encourage their children to ask questions of their own 

C Why does eating feel so good? The secret may lie in the head, not in the stomach, US researchers reported.Tests on rats show that the appetite hormone Ghrelin(释放激素释放肽)acts on pleasure receptors(感受器)in the brain.The findings may help researchers develop better diet drags.“In mice and rats, Ghrelin excites the same neurons(神经细胞)as delicious food, that is, neurons that provide the feeling of pleasure and the expectation of reward,” the researchers write in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.“These neurons are located in a region of the brain known as the ventral tegmental area(VTA),“ wrote the researchers, headed by Dr.Tamas Horvath of the Yale University School of Medicine in Connecticut.Horvath's team found that Ghrelin, which is only discovered in the last decade, acts on a molecular structure on brain cells called the growth hormone secret receptor or GHSR for short.⑤When Ghrelin was put into this area of the rats' brains, they ate as hungrily as they did after being kept hungry overnight, the researchers said.Ghrelin is produced in the gut(肠道)and causes the brain to promote eating.Several hormones are known to be involved in eating and appetite, and studies have shown that influencing them can affect weight gain in rats and mice.Influencing human eating behavior has proven far more difficult, however.Horvath said it might be possible to design a drag that interferes with GHSR and thus help people with eating disorders.1.Which is the best title for this passage? A.Eating Addiction Is All in the Head B.Researchers Finds Secrets of the Brain C.Hormones Explain Eating Habits D.Researchers Develop Better Diet Drags-2.According to the passage, GHSR _________.A.is one kind of hormones B.is a pleasure receptor in the brain C.lies in the gut D.causes eating disorders 3.What's the possible application findings? A.To control the weight of mice and rats.B.To analyze hormones in animals.C.To make healthy diets for humans D.To develop better diet drugs.4.The underlined words ”interferes with" in the last paragraph probably means “_________”.A.turns down B.results in C.acts on D.goes with 5.According to the reported study, which of the following is TRUE? A.Several hormones affect weight gain in rats and mice.B.Ghrelin acts On GHSR.C.It's difficult for hormones to influence human eating behavior.D.Only ghrelin can cause the feeling of pleasure.·答案速递

4.C 归纳题。根据问题的内容可在文章的第五、六段找到答案。

5.A 推断题。从第四段排除C；从文章前三段的内容排除D；从第七段排除B。从而可推知

答案为A。

C篇：本文大意：研究发现，老鼠的食欲受特定脑细胞的控制，这一发现有助于人类研制保健药品。

1.A。从本文的主题句(见第一段第一、二句)可知，A项标题最具针对性。2.B。根据第三段并结合第一段第三句可知，B项正确。

3.D。从第一段最后一句和最后一段可知，该项研究发现的可能性应用是研制保健药品，故选D。

4.C。猜测词义题。借助于第三段可知正确答案为C项。

5.B。倒数第二段中所提及的情况为以往的研究发现，与本文报道中讨论的研究无关，故可排除A和C；D项是对第二段第一句的错误理解；B项内容符合第三段中所述事实。

·黄金表达

①It can take five hours to go west-east from New York(NY)to London but seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY.由西向东从纽约到伦敦乘坐飞机花5个小时，而由西到东从伦敦到纽约却要花费7个小时。

②In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials.在不远的将来，他们希望能够提高电池的功率，缩小它的体积，并且能试着用原料。

③He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England.他在13岁的时候进入维斯敏斯特学校就读，然后从那儿去了牛津大学，就是你在那儿她得以和一些当时英国最好的科学家进行接触。

④Studies over the past 30 years have shown that ,after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think.通过近三十年的研究表明，问了一个问题后，成年人具有代表性地都是等1秒钟甚至更少就要得到答案，而不是给孩子们时间去思考。

⑤When Ghrelin was put into this area of the rats' brains, they ate as hungrily as they did after being kept hungry overnight, the researchers said.研究人员说，当把释放激素释放肽放到老鼠大脑的这个区域，它们就会像被饿了一整夜的那样狼吞虎咽。·单词百宝箱

atmospheric adj.大气的;大气中的

Atmospheric conditions often prevent observation of stars.大气的情况常使人们无法观察那样星星。

devices n.装置,设备,器具

变化。

promote vt.提升；促进

The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。

appetite n.胃口,食欲

Sudden decrease in appetite is sometimes a sign of illness.食欲突然减退有时是生病的征兆。

第二篇：浙江省2016高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解

科普知识阅读理解（1）

科普知识（阅读理解）由(2012山东,D)改编

For those who are tired of doing the laundry,Samsung has found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES)this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install(安装)a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.Last year,it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year,it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it’s not just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates(电价)varying depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.1.What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?()A.The machine will be a big success.B.Their wives like doing the laundry.C.The machine is unrelated to their life.D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.2.What can we learn about the new laundry machines?()A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B.They can be controlled with a smartphone.C.They are difficult to operate.D.They are sold at a low price.3.We can conclude from Samsung’s statements that

.A.the app connection makes life easier B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning C.smartphones can shorten the drying time D.we should refresh clothes back at home 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?()A.The laundry should be frequently checked.B.Lazy people like using such machines.C.Good technologies also cause problems.D.Television may help do the laundry.语篇解读:本文属于科普知识类。对于那些讨厌洗衣服的人来说,Samsung为他们找到了解决办法:一种智能洗衣机可以通过灵巧的手机来控制,使得生活更加便利,但是好的技术同样会产生问题。

答案及剖析:1.D 事实细节题。第二段提到,出席产品展销会的人员说“my wife already does that”,这是他们对新型智能洗衣机的普遍反应。由此可知,他们都非常熟悉智能洗衣机的操作流程,故选D。

2.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“...when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).”可得出答案。

3.A 推理判断题。文章第六段提到,如果你早晨甩干的衣服忘记拿出来了,你可以拿出手机重启烘干机,这样你的衣服就焕然一新了。由此可以推断出这种新型洗衣机给生活带来了便利。

4.C 主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“...enable laziness.Rather than...users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.”可知,先进的技术同样会带来问题,故选C。【疑难词汇解读】

from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.Depression，which researchers agree has its origin in the genes，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently.Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.“Most patients in China just don’t get help，”a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital，I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel？’”

In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that they will be stricken_off_the_rolls.“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it.Because they feel the most secure about themselves，” an American doctor says.Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.1．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression.B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work.C．Depression is a commonly­existing problem only in rich countries.D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression.2．Compared to normal people，the depressed people are likely to be________.A．very unconfident and often absent­minded B．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks C．working efficiently and productively D．either weak or lazy 3．Depression becomes more serious in China because of________.A．the understanding of the problem B．the lack of treatment and doctors C．their unwillingness to tell it to their boss D．the doctors’ careless work 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists.5A．Dreaming does harm to one’s mood.B．Dreaming affects the quality of sleep.C．It’s hard to find out the secrets of dreaming.D．It’s not so important to know the cause of dreaming.4．What does the text focus on? A．Dreams and memories.C．The benefits of dreams.B．Dreams and emotions.D．The patterns of dreams.5．In which part of a magazine can this text be found? A．Entertainment.C．Science.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了梦的好处，即可以改善学习和情绪。

1．解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，为了证实梦对学习有帮助，Robert Stickgold做了这次实验，而实验结果表明选手的技能有所提高，根据本段最后一句“Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.”可推知，梦对学习各种技能都是有帮助的，故选B。答案： B 2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Another important task of dreams...emotions(情绪)．”和最后一句“In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood...”可知，梦有助于改善心情，故选C。答案： C 3．解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“There’s probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesn’t have to be.”可知，作者认为关于我们为什么会做梦的解释不止一个，但也没必要非要有一个解释。答案： D 4．解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了梦的好处：有助于改善学习和情绪。答案： C 5．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章主旨可知，文章是关于梦的科学研究方面的知识，所以最可能在杂志的有关科学的栏目里找到此文章，故选C。答案：C。

B．Tourism.D．Advertisement.

第三篇：2016湖南株洲县高考英语二轮复习阅读理解练习

湖南株洲县2016高考英语阅读理解二轮练习（5）

阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity.It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing.It may be a game of some forms—football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis.It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion of climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football.There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”.We should be mistaken in this.There are, it is true, no “ matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.He has to fight the forces of nature.His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year by year.A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty.But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.1

【文章大意】本文叙述了登山运动的独特之处以及登山运动员所要战胜的困难。登山运动员不遵循一些人为的规则，而是自由的用自己的方法来攀登，因此登山属于一种运动而不是一种比赛。登山运动员不仅要战胜内心的强迫意识而且要战胜自然界的力量。46.What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage? A.Soccer and golf.B.Skiing and skating.C.Cycling and hockey.D.Mountaineering.【答案】B 【 解析】细节理解题。根据or in winter, skating or skiing.可知冬季人们喜爱的运动有滑雪和滑冰。故选B 47.The underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______.A.strong emotion B.good way C.better feeling D.enough affection 【答案】A 【 解析】词义猜测题。根据willing to suffer cold and hardship and to take risks in high mountains可知登山运动员愿意遭受寒冷和辛苦，冒险登山需要的是很强的热情和激情。故选A 48.Mountaineering is a sport, not a game because_______.A.it has man-made rules B.it is too dangerous for climbers C.it can’t bring people joy or leisure D.it is free for climbers to use their own methods 【答案】D 【 解析】推理判断题。根据Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.可知登山运动员不遵循一些人为的规则，而是自由的用自己的方法来攀登，因此登山属于一种运动而不是一种比赛。故选D。

49.We know from the passage that _______.A.mountaineering has no appeal for people B.physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers C.a mountain climber passes his best by the age of thirty D.it is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps 【答案】D 【 解析】推理判断题。根据But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.可知50岁或60岁的男人攀登最高山阿尔卑斯山是很常见的，是有可能的。故选D。

50.What is the best title for the passage? A.Sports in winter B.Team work in climbing C.Mountaineering D.The quality for mountaineering 【答案】C 【 解析】标题归纳题。全文围绕着登山运动的独特之处，以及登山运动员需要战胜的困难，可知本文主要讲的是登山运动。故选C。

阅读理解.Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides.Following the rules„planning your next move...acting as a team member„these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek.Such games are entertaining and fun.But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).3

Many children’s games have a practical side Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups.For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones.Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.Many sports encourage national or local pride.The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition.People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it.For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports are also an event that unites people.Soccer is the most popular sport in the world.People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living.Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer.He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.()1.Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.A.be a team leader B.obey the basic rules C.act as a grown-up D.predict possible danger 41.B.细节理解题。根据第一段中Following the rules„planning your next move...acting as a team member„these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.可知B项正确。

()2.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.A.describe life in an exciting way B.turn real-life experiences into a play C.make learning life skills more interesting D.change people’s views of sporting events

42.C.词义猜测题。这部分前面的谓语动词是translate有“翻译，解释，转移，调动”的意思，该部分后面有一个定语从句，前后结合就可以理解这部分的意思了。

()3.According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging? A.It inspires people’s deep love for the country.B.It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.C.It helps the country out of natural disasters.D.It earns the winners fame and fortune.43.A.细节理解题。根据第四段中的People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it.可知A项正确。

()4.Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.A.bring fun to poor kids B.provide soccer balls for children C.give poor kids a chance for a better life D.appeal to soccer players to help poor kids 44.C.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.可推出C项是正确的。()5.What can be inferred from the passage? A.Gamed benefit people all their lives.B.Sports can get all athletes together.C.People are advised to play games for fun.D.Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.45.A.推理判断题。整段分析做游戏的好处，不仅儿童、成人也可以玩游戏。由此可以推断有些对人终身有益。

阅读理解.In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand（木架）with a small notepad（记事本）and a hole for a pencil.I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother.Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did.Surely it can’t be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking bank into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil.“You still use a pencil.Can’t you afford a pen?” My mother replies a little sharply.“It works perfectly well.I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen.I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days.”

Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently.My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty.One of the children must have taken the paper.So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back.It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”

This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician.I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work.Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards.Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics.Those symbols have traveled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible（看不到的）exhibits at every meal.()1.Why has the author’s mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen? A.To leave messages.B.To list her everyday tasks.C.To note down maths problems.D.To write down a flash of inspiration.()2.What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand? A.It has great value for the family.B.It needs to be replaced by a better one.C.It brings her back to her lonely childhood.D.It should be passed on to the next generation.()3.The author feels embarrassed for _________ A.blaming her mother wrongly.B.giving her mother a lot of trouble.C.not making good use of time as her mother did.D.not making any breakthrough in her field.()4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.The mother is successful in her career.B.The family members like traveling.C.The author had little time to play when young.D.The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.()5.In the author’s mind ,her mother is____ A.strange in behavior.B.keen on her research.C.fond of collecting old things.D.careless about her appearance.本篇文章为记叙文。主要讲述“我”的母亲总是习惯实用厨房里的记事本和铅笔。50年过去了，换了 5 所房子，可母亲的习惯没有改变，却更热衷于此。我突然意识到母亲是位天才的数学家。

46.D细节理解题。根据第四段第三句 never knew when I might want to note down an idea, “and I was always in the kitchen in those days”可知作者母亲随时在存放的记事本上记录自己的想法，故选 D 项。

47.B 推理判断题。根据第三段作者说的“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.”“Can’t you afford a pen”可知作者态度，是在反问母亲，想让母亲用更好的笔和记事本，故选B

48.C 细节理解题，根据第五段第二句“I fell embarrassed that T complain about not having enough child-free time to work”可判断选C项

49.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，可知我意识到母亲的成功，她是天才数学家，母亲充分利用了厨房里的记事本写下数学，以及她对我的影响，由此判断选A 50.B细节理解题。根据第五段第二句母亲的话““One day I was cooking and watching baby „It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”可知，作者的母亲很热衷于自己的发现，由此判断选B

阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back.When we’re hungry, we eat at home instead of going out.We take buses instead of taxis.And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer.With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor’s degree in three years instead of four.Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient.But there’s a question: Would the quality of undergraduate education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum(课程)any time soon.For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits.In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits.Professors will resist “diluting(稀释)” the quality of the education they offer.In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education.A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major.It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it’s not a good idea to water down medicine.If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation.We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible.We should give them a chance to earn money as interns(实习生)in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University.【文章大意】本文叙述了大学教育是否要削减时间，由四年制改为三年制。虽然许多美国大学没有正式的赞同三年制的教育模式，但是在美国大多数大学，有些优秀大学生可以提前毕业。作者认为四年制的大学教育质量比三年制的更优越，学生可以利用充足的时间在所主修的专业和领域变得越来越熟练。

51.Which of the following can be the best title? A.It’s time to shorten the learning process B.Best learning takes place over time C.University education should be watered down D.College education calls for reform 【答案】B 【 解析】标题归纳题。根据A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major.可知作者认为大学教育要求学生利用充足的时间在所主修的专业和领域变得熟练，也就是要求最好的学习需要充足的时间。故选B 52.We can learn from the passage that ________.A.most American universities are against the “three-year degree” model B.many famous US universities are considering adopting the “three-year degree” model

C.professors are willing to accept the “three-year degree” model D.The “three-year degree” model can make college learning more efficient 【答案】A 【 解析】推理判断题。根据Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.可知几乎没有美国大学正式的赞同三年制的教育模式。故选A。

53.In most US universities，________.A.college students are offered the co-op program B.electives’ credits make up one quarter of the required credits C.all students are required to finish four-year education before graduation D.some excellent students can graduate ahead of time 【答案】D 【 解析】推理判断题。根据most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits.可知在美国大多数大学，有些优秀大学生可以提前毕业。故选D。54.We can infer that________.A.the author is a college professor B.the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford C.the author considers the university education quality very important D.the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students 【答案】C 【 解析】推理判断题。根据In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education.可知作者认为四年制的大学教育质量比三年制的更优越，从中可推断作者认为大学的教育质量非常重要。故选C 55.The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．

A.explanation B.definition C.introduction D.comment 【答案】C 【 解析】推理判断题。根据With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.可知全额的满时的高校学生渴望削减大学教育成本，由此导入下文的大学教育是否要削减时间。因此第一段起到了导入，介绍的作用。故选C。

第四篇：XX高考二轮复习英语教案阅读理解

XX高考二轮复习英语教案阅读理解

XX高考二轮复习英语教案专题十九阅读理解【专题要点】阅读理解题考查的不仅是考生对整篇的把握能力，还考查了他们快速扑捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力；考生不仅要理解表层意义，更重要的是要通过的表层去合理判断、挖掘的隐含意义、延伸意义。这是对考生能力、智力、心理的一个综合检验。具体要点如下：1主旨大意类；2细节理解类；3推理判断类；4词义猜测类；观点态度类等五大要点。【考纲要求】考纲对考生阅读能力的要求：1．要求考生能读懂一般性话题，且生词率不超过2％的简短文字材料，如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短。2．要求考生能够做到以下几点：理解主旨大意；寻读具体信息；识别不同文体特征；根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义；作出简单的判断和推理；理解文段的基本逻辑结构；理解作者的意图和态度；理解文段的文化信息。新标对对高中英语阅读技能的要求：1能识别不同文体特征；2能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；3能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；4能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；除教材外，外阅读量累计达到30万词以上。【教法指引】教师在引导学生突破阅读理解题时可以从高考命题方向和该题选材特点对学生进行训练，在训练中点拨技巧，在训练中提高考生的综合运用能力。具体说：1阅读理解作为高考英语中最重要的一种题型，题量最大，所占分值也最多。此类题型是全面检测考生接受书面信息和反馈能力的重要标尺。高考阅读理解要求考生在3分钟左右的时间内，完成对4～篇短文的阅读理解并作出解答。用来考查考生的以下几种能力：1）考查考生综合运用语言的能力；2）考查考生的英语思维能力和社会文化意识；3）考查考生辨认、捕捉和归纳细节信息，并通过字面意思对中心思想、作者的写作目的、意图、态度以及的行文特点进行合理推断的能力；4）考查考生的阅读速度与词汇量。近些年来，高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性的考题虽仍是考查重点，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题也占很大比重。2．高考阅读理解中的选材特点：1)所选材料均于实际生活，其内容与社会现实保持较高的一致性，强调了语篇选材的真实性，具有鲜明的时代感。行文表达常使用比较正式的书面语言；2）语篇题材分布比较均匀，题材丰富多样。阅读语篇包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等文体。内容涵盖日常生活、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、环保、经济等诸多领域的热点、焦点问题。3）高考阅读理解持续保持较大的阅读量，要求考生在特定语篇中有目的地获取信息。另外试题材料含有较高的词汇量，增加了试题的信息含量，体现了新标的理念。一般4-篇阅读题阅读词汇量控制在1000词左右；4）阅读材料的原汁原味越来越浓厚，体现了现代英语的特点，阅读材料的文化含量加大，的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读才能读懂。3点拨阅读技巧，在练中领悟，领悟中训练，技巧能力并进。

第五篇：高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专项限时训练[29]

高考英语二轮复习专项限时训练·阅读理解（二十九）

A

No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student.Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once.Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on film, is obviously a special reward.But even those aids to teaching can not replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both.I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry.Poetry is “ a criticism of life”, and “ a heightening(提升)of life”.It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it “can save your life”.It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry.Those who don’t like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else.But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.1.To have a better understanding of a poem, one should________.A.discuss it with othersB.analyze it by oneself

C.copy it down in a notebookD.practise reading it aloud

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of poetry?

A.Extending your lifeB.Saving your life

C.Criticizing lifeD.Heightening life

3.According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students________.A.to understand life.B.to enjoy poetry.C.to become teachers.D.to become poets

4.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?

A.More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry.B.Poetry is more important than any other subject.C.One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry

D.Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses

5.The phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by

A.“build a booth”B.“provide equipment”

C.“leave a certain amount of time”D.“set aside enough space”

B

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned in the early days of the history, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud.Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become popular.One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction（分散注意力）to others.Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy（读写能力）and thus in the number of readers.As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud.As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way.Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening.Indeed this argument remains with us still in education.However, whatever its advantages are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.By the end of t he century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader.The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term

“reading” referred to.6.Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?

A.Because silent reading had not been discovered.B.Because there were few places for private reading.C.Because few people could read for themselves.D.Because people depended on reading for enjoyment.7.The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century showed_______.A.a change in the position of literate people

B.a change in the nature of reading

C.an increase in the number of books

D.an increase in the average age of readers

8.Educationalists are still arguing about__________.A.the importance of silent reading

B.the amount of information provided by books and newspapers

C.the effects of reading on health

D.the value of different types of reading material

9.What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?

A.To explain how present day reading habits developed.B.To change people’s way to read.C.To show how reading methods have improved.D.To encourage the growth of reading.C

Sherlock Holmes is considered by many people as the greatest detective in fictional literature.He is, in fact, more famous than his own creator, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.In the popular series of stories, Holmes is described as “tall and lean, pope-smoking, always in his cape and speaks in a splendid manner”.Doyle gave Holmes’ address as 221-B Baker Street, London, and to this day some visitors to London still go to Baker Street to search for 221-B.Of course, there never was really any such address.Holmes’ flat was supposed to be shared by the lovable, but sometimes clumsy Doctor Watson who went around with Holmes trying to solve crimes before Holmes did.Poor Dr Watson lost out to Holmes every time.Doyle gave Holmes a masterly skill of deduction---the ability to come up with interesting conclusion from the simplest clues found at the scene of a crime.Doyle said that the description of Holmes was modeled on one of his lecturers at Edinburgh University where he studied medicine.That man was Dr Joseph Bell.Sherlock Holmes first appeared in Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet published in 1887.Holmes was so loved by all that when his author killed him off in one of his stories, readers wrote in anger to complain.They refused to allow Holmes to die!Holmes was brought back to “life” and appeared in further stories.The stories of Sherlock Holmes have been reprinted many times ever since then.Today we can watch Holmes at work on cinema and television screens as well as on stage.10.Sherlock Holmes was________.A.the greatest detective who ever lived

B.Dr Joseph Bell

C.Arthur Conan Doyle

D.only a character made up by Arthur Conan Dolye

11.Dr Watson was________.A.tall and learn

B.lovable but always clumsy

C.lovable but sometimes clumsy

D.lovable and never clumsy

12.Holmes was supposed to have lived_______.A.with Dr WatsonB.with Dr Joseph Bell

C.with the greatest detectiveD.with Doyle

13.Doyle made up the description of Holmes_______.A.from his own imagination

B.based on a famous London doctor

C.based on Dr Joseph Bell at Edinburgh University

D.based on a model of Holmes

答案与解析

1.D 根据第一段内容可知答案。

2.AB、C、D三个选项在文章中第三段都提到了。

3.B 根据文章中第三段第二句话I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry.可知答案。

4.A 结合本段主题及It also deserves a place …more central than it presently occupies.可知答案。

5.C 根据第三段第一句话I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isn’t time for both.及in the classroom(在课堂上)可知答案。

6.C从文中第三段的前两句可以看出。

7.B 从最后一段可找到答案。

8.D 文中第四段的第一句话作了明确说明。

9.A 作者写此文的目的正是向我们说明现代的阅读习惯是如何变化的、发展的。

10.D 从第一段前两句话可知：Holmes(福尔摩斯）被公认为是虚构文学中最伟大的侦探家，事实上他比他的创作者Arthur Conan Doyle 先生还出名，由此可知Holmes是Arthur Conan Doyle 笔下虚构的一个人物形象。

11.B 由第一段倒数第二句话可知：福尔摩斯和很可爱但有时难免笨拙的华伦医生住在一起。华伦医生伴随福尔摩斯左右并试图在福尔摩斯之前破案，但可怜的他每次都输给福尔摩斯。由此可知答案。

12.A 由第一段倒数第二句可知在小说中Holmes即福尔摩斯被安排和华伦医生住在一起，故选A。

13.C 由第二段第二句话可知福尔摩斯的原型来源于爱丁堡大学的Joseph Bell 博士。