过去将来时的用法小结及练习 初中英语语法复习大全

第一篇：过去将来时的用法小结及练习 初中英语语法复习大全

江西省吉安县凤凰中学初中英语语法复习过去将来时的用法小结及

练习

【用法】

过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。如: I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon.我听说他们不久要回到上海。【构成】

①由助动词“would/should+动词原形”构成,should主要用于主语是第一人称时;would可用于各种人称。如: Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.不论何时我们遇到困难,他总会给予帮助。

②由“was/were going to+动词原形”构成。如: No one knew when he was going to come.没有人知道他什么时候来。【注意】

①表示“往来”时空变化的短暂性动词如“go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return, take off”等,通常用过去进行时来表示过去将来。如: He said they were leaving at seven.他说他们将于七点动身。

一、过去将来时的含义

过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。例如：

I didn’t know if he would come.我不知道他是否会来。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。She didn’t tell me where she would go.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。

二、过去将来时的表达法

（一）“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如 He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。

（二）“was/ were+going to+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：

She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。

I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。

此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如： It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。

（三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：

He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。

She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。

（四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：

I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。

过去将来时典型错误例析

1.我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。

误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。

2.老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。

误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。3.他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。

误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。4.王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。

误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。

5.上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。

误：Last time I saw you，you had started to go to Tibet by train.正：Last time I saw you，you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.②“was/ were about to +动词原形”,可以表示过去即将发生的事情。如: The US said that the war on Iraq was about to start in a week.美国说伊拉克之战将在一周后打响。I.选择填空

()1.—What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A.will visit B.has visited C.is going to visit D.would visit()2.I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A.to come B.is coming C.will come D.was coming()3.Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A.took B.would take C.takes D.will take()4.We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.A.are going to grow B.were going to grow C.will grow D.have grown()5.She ______ to work when the telephone rang.A.is going B.will go C.was about to go D.is to go II.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.Miss Zhang said she ________(visit)the Great Wall next summer.2.She told him that she ________(not stay)here for long.3.I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come)the next year.4.The scientists said the world’s population _______(slow)down in future.Key: I.1-5 DDBBC II.1.would visit 2.would not stay 3.would come 4.would slow

一、单选

1-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.-Well, he said he _____here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A as;come B was;would come C would be;came D will be;come 4Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend

二、填空 She said the bus _______(leave)at five the next morning.2 I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend)me his book the next morning.3 He was fifty-six.In two years he _______(be)fifty-eight.4 Whenever she has time, she ______(help)them in their work.答案：1 B 2 A 3C 4 D 1 was leaving 2 would lend 3 would be 4 would help

第二篇：过去将来时用法小结

过去将来时用法小结与练习。编者：刘老师85119899

【用法】

过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。如: I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon.我听说他们不久要回到上海。【构成】

①由助动词“would/should+动词原形”构成,should主要用于主语是第一人称时;would可用于各种人称。如: Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.不论何时我们遇到困难,他总会给予帮助。②由“was/were going to+动词原形”构成。如: No one knew when he was going to come.没有人知道他什么时候来。【注意】

①表示“往来”时空变化的短暂性动词如“go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return, take off”等,通常用过去进行时来表示过去将来。如: He said they were leaving at seven.他说他们将于七点动身。

一、过去将来时的含义

过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。例如： I didn’t know if he would come.我不知道他是否会来。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。She didn’t tell me where she would go.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。

二、过去将来时的表达法

（一）“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如 He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。

（二）“was/ were+going to+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如： She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。

I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。

此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如：

It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。

（三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如： He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。

（四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如： I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。

过去将来时典型错误例析

1.我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。

误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。2.老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。

误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。3.他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。

误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。4.王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。

误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。5.上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。

误：Last time I saw you，you had started to go to Tibet by train.正：Last time I saw you，you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.②“was/ were about to +动词原形”,可以表示过去即将发生的事情。如: The US said that the war on Iraq was about to start in a week.美国说伊拉克之战将在一周后打响。I.选择填空

（）1.—What did your son say in the letter?

—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A.will visit

B.has visited

C.is going to visit

D.would visit（）2.I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A.to come B.is coming

C.will come D.was coming（）3.Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A.took

B.would take

C.takes

D.will take（）4.We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.A.are going to grow B.were going to grow

C.will grow

D.have grown（）5.She ______ to work when the telephone rang.A.is going

B.will go

C.was about to go D.is to go II.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.Miss Zhang said she ________(visit)the Great Wall next summer.2.She told him that she ________(not stay)here for long.3.I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come)the next year.4.The scientists said the world’s population _______(slow)down in future.一、单选

1-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.-Well, he said he _____here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A as;come B was;would come C would be;came D will be;come 4Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend

二、填空 She said the bus _______(leave)at five the next morning.2 I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend)me his book the next morning.3 He was fifty-six.In two years he _______(be)fifty-eight.4 Whenever she has time, she ______(help)them in their work.过去将来时练习题

1.On television last night the newscaster announced that the leader ________ on Saturday.A.is arriving B.will arrive C.would be arrived D.would arrive

2.He told us that he would begin the dictation when we________ ready.A.will be

B.would be

C.were

D.are

3.My aunt ________ to see us, she would be here soon.A.is corning B.was coming C.came

D.had came

4.They would be given a new house if more ________ the next year.A.will be built B.would be built C.are built

D.were built

5.--Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

--I ___, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had

B.would

C.was going to

D.did

6．--Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.--Oh, how nice of you!I ___ you ___ to bring me a gift.A.never think;are going B.never thought;were going

C.didn’t think;were going D.hadn’t thought;were going

7.This morning Alice ___ out ___ the door opened and in came some strangers.A.was just about to go;while B.went;when C.was going;while D.was just about to go;when

8.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ office soon.A.Leaves

B.would leave

C.Left

D.had left 二。练习题

1.Pick me up at eight o'clock, I ______ my bath by then.A)will have had B)will be having C)can have had D)may have 2.By the end of this month, we surely ___________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A)have found B)will be finding C)will have found D)are finding 3.By the end of the year all but two people _______________.A)have left B)will leave C)will be leaving D)will have left 4.It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory

by about 10%.A)will have risen B)has risen C)will be rising D)has been rising 5.The conference _____________ a full week by the time it ends.A)must have lasted B)will have lasted C)would last D)has lasted 6.My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock.The plane I would like to take from there ____________by then.A)would leave B)will have left C)has left D)had left 7.-May I speak to your manager Mr.Williams at five o'clock tonight?-I'm sorry.Mr.Williams ____ to a conference long before then.A)will have gone B)had gone C)would have gone D)has gone 8.By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ____ here for two days.A)have been staying B)have stayed C)shall stay D)will have stayed 9.By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London.A)am leaving B)shall have left C)have already left D)would be leaving

第三篇：英语 过去将来时小结

一、过去将来时的含义

过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。例如：

I didn’t know if he would come.我不知道他是否会来。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。

She didn’t tell me where she would go.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。

二、过去将来时的表达法

（一）“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如

He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。

（二）“was/ were+going to+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：

She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。

I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。

此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如：

It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。

（三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：

He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。

She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。

（四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：

I didn’t know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。

过去将来时典型错误例析

1.我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。

误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。

2.老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。

误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。

3.他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。

误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。

4.王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。

误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。

5.上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。

误：Last time I saw you，you had started to go to Tibet by train.正：Last time I saw you，you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.析：last time是一般过去时或过去将来时的显著标志。

第四篇：高中一般将来时&过去将来时

将来时

将来时包括一般将来时和过去将来时。一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next year，soon……等。

例：I'm going to study tomorrow.我打算明天去学习。

I will（shall）study tomorrow.我明天将去学习。

我们已经学习了一般现在时、一般过去时，它们和一般将来时是一个什么样的关系呢？一般现在时，表示目前（现在）习惯或经常性的动作。

以现在为基准，叙述过去某时的事情，用过去时。而以现在为基准，叙述将来的事情时，则用将来时。

1.I cleaned my room yesterday.2.I clean my room every day.3.I am going to（=will）clean my room tomorrow.句1是一般过去时，叙述过去的某时（昨天）发生的事，和现在没有关系。只是说明我昨天打扫了房间。句2是一般现在时，叙述的是经常性的动作，我每天打扫房间，已成为一种习惯。句3是叙述将来某个时间（明天）要发生的事。我明天要打扫房间。【注意】

在英语中，不同的时态，必须以不同的动词形式来表达。一般将来时的构成：

A.主语+be（am，is，are）going to+动词原形～.B.主语+will（shall）+动词原形～ be going to+动词原形

对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以《be going to +动词原形～》的句型来表示。

因为此句型含有be动词，所以是否用am，are，is，决定于主语。1 肯定句主语+be（am，are，is）going to+动词原形～.I am going to play football next Sunday.下周日我打算踢足球。

He is going to travel around the world.他计划周游世界。

They're going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。It is going to rain.要下雨了。【注意】

be going to后面的动词一定要用原形。否定句主语+be（am，are，is）not going to+动词原形～.We're not going to have any class next week.下周我们不上课。

此句型含有be动词，所以它的否定句的作法与一般含有be动词的句型相同，只要在be动词后面加上not即可，其余不变。I'm not going to be a teacher.我不打算当老师。

He isn't going to see his brother tomorrow.他明天不准备去看他哥哥。【必背】 缩略句的用法

I'm going to… He's going to… We're going to… I'm not going to… He isn't going to… We aren't going to… 疑问句：Be（Am，Is，Are）+主语+going to+动词原形～？ Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up？ 你长大了，打算当一名医生吗？

Yes，I am.是的，我打算当。No，I'm not.?不，我不打算当。

1.同样，因为句型中有be动词，所以它的疑问句的作法也和含有be动词的句型相同。把be动词放在句首，就使其成为疑问句了。Is your sister going to bring lunch？ 你姐姐打算给你带饭来吗？ Yes，she is.（No，she isn't.）是的，她会的。（不，她不会。）

2.疑问句可分成以be动词为句首的一般疑问句，另一种就是以疑问词为句首的特殊疑问句。其句型如下：

疑问词（What，Where…）+ be（am，is，are）+主语+going to+动词原形～？ What are you going to do next Sunday？ 下星期天你打算干什么？ I'm going to go fishing.我打算去钓鱼。

Who is going to use it？ 谁准备用它？

Li Ming is going to use it.李明准备用它。

（简略回答： Li Ming is.）

When is she going to buy a new house？ 她准备什么时候买新房子？

She is going to buy a new house in the first week of September.她计划九月的第一个星期买新房子。

（简略回答：In the first week of September.）比较

who和when的问句who问句和when问句都是特殊疑问句，但结构不同。who问句用疑问词who对主语进行提问，所以who就是这个句子的主语，后面不可能再出现主语。when问句是用疑问词when对句子中的时间状语提问，所以when后面的句子中一定有主语。主语+will（shall）+动词原形～.除了用be going to+动词原形可以表示将来时，我们还可用will（shall）+动词原形表示将来时，句型如下：

1肯定句：主语+will（shall）+动词原形～.I will call you this evening.今天晚上我会给你电话。

Some day people will go to the moon.总有一天，人们会到月球上去的。

在书面语中，主语是第一人称I（We）时，常用shall，即I（We）+shall+动词原形～.。在口语中，所有的人称都可以用will。即可以是主语（所有人称）+will+动词原形～.。而且从英语的发展趋势看，很可能用will代替shall。

From now on I'll（=I shall）come for the newspapers every Monday.从现在起，我每周一都来报馆工作。It'll snow in Beijing in winter.北京冬天将要下雪。【注意】

主语+will常用缩略式 I will→I'll you will→you'll he will→he'll she will→she'll it will→it'll we will→we'll they will→they'll 2否定句：主语+will（shall）not+动词原形～.I will not（won't）tell it to him.我不会把这件事告诉他的。

He won't have time to read English.他不会有时间读英语的。

The birds won't fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.天气变冷之后，这些鸟也不会飞往南方。【注意】

will not常用它的缩略式won't读作： 疑问句：Will（Shall）+主语+动词原形～？ Will he be back in two days？ 两天后，他会回来吗？

Yes，he will.（No，he will not.）是的，他会。（不，他不会。）When will Mike arrive here tomorrow？ 迈克明天什么时候到达这里？

He will arrive here at three o'clock.他明天三点钟到达这儿。Shall we have any class tomorrow？ 明天我们有课吗？

Yes，we will（we shall）.是的，我们明天有课。No，we won't（we shall not）.不，明天我们没课。Shall I go home now？ 我现在可以回家了吗？ Yes，you will.（Sure…）是的，可以回家了。

No，you won't.（I'm sorry.You can't.）不，你不可以回家。【注意】

Shall I…？或Shall we…？常用来征求对方意见。而在问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请或命令时，常用Will you…？同时这两种情况的回答比较灵活。Will you please open the window？ 劳驾，您打开窗户好吗？

Yes，I will，（Of course.Sure.）好的。（当然了）。No，I won't.（I'm sorry.I can't.）不，我不能。（真对不起，我不能。）【注意 】

在一般疑问句中的肯定回答，“Yes，I will.”不能用I'll，因为shall和will在句末时不能用缩略式。

How many books will they give us？ 他们会给我们多少本书呢？ They will give us thirty books.他们会给我们三十本书。

 其他表示将来时的结构：（简略回答：Thirty books.三十本。）1．用现在进行时表示将来时。

be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如： Go ahead, and I’m coming.走前面一点吧，我就来。The dog is dying.那条狗要死了。

Hurry up.The shop is closing.快点，商店就要关门了。2．用一般现在时表示。

 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。

If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we'll go to the Summer palace.如果明天不下雨，我们去颐和园。

When he gets to the village，he will write to me.他到村里后就写信给我。

 表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。主要用于come，go，start，begin，leave，return，stop等瞬间动词。

Don’t hurry.The meeting starts at a quarter past eight.不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。

The bus goes back at four thirty.汽车四点返回。

Next week they leave for Shanghai.下周他们动身去上海。

Our holidays begin in a week.一周后，我们的假期开始。 be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。如：

Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？

When are you to return your library book? 你什么时候要还图书？

The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year.这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。



be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：

Don’t leave.Li Lei is about to come.不要走了，李蕾就要来了。

Be quiet.The concert is about to start.安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。【必背】

和一般将来时连用的时间状语

tomorrow 明天

the day after tomorrow 后天 soon 很快

this afternoon?今天下午 this evening 今天晚上 this year 今年 before long 不久

next week（month，year，summer）下一周（月、年、夏天）in the（near）future 在（不久的）将来 in two weeks（days…）两周（天……）后 some day 将来的某一天

3一般将来时的用法区别

在现阶段来讲，“be going to +动词原形”和“will(shall)+动词原形”这两种表示将来时的结构没什么区别。但在现代英语中，特别是在口语中，表将来时多用“be going to +动词原形”这一形式。另外它们的主要区别在于“be going to +动词原形～”表示一个事先考虑好的意图，相当于中文的打算、计划、准备，而will，shall则表示未经事先考虑的意图。【注意】

但是如果不清楚是否须先考虑还是未考虑的意图时，二者都可用。There is somebody at the door.I’ll go and open it.门口有人，我去开门。

（I’ll go and open it，去开门显然是未经事先考虑的意图，在此，不宜说?I’m going to open it.）

Mike: I’m sorry.I forgot to mail the letter for you.迈克：真对不起，我忘了给你发信了。Tom: Never mind.I’ll mail it tomorrow.汤姆：没关系。明天我去发了它。

（显然，汤姆说明天我去发这封信时不能用be going to mail…，因为这不是事先计划好的。）I won’t(am not going to)tell you my age.我不会（准备）告诉你我的年龄。

He is going to change his job.他打算换工作。（换工作是事先考虑好的意图，所以用be going to）4过去将来时

过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。

1过去将来时的构成（句型如下：）

肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形～.否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形～.疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～？ 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～？ 1.过去将来时的构成

和一般将来时一样，只不过把助动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。I didn't know if he would come.=I didn't know if he was going to come.我不知道他是否会来。

She was sixty-six.In three years，she would be sixty-nine.她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。

She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。I didn't know how to do it.What would be their ideas？ 我不知如何去做，他们会有什么想法呢？

2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。This door wouldn't open.这扇门老是打不开。

Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.他一有时间，总是看书。

I would play with him when was a child.当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。

【随堂练习】

1.If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.A.will increase

B.have been increasing C.have increased

D.would be increasing 2．No decision _____ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A.will be made

B.is made C.is being made

D.has been made 3.——Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ——I _____, but I had an expected visitor.had B.would C.was going to D.did 4.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts.The plane________.A.takes off

B.is taking off

C.has taken off

D.took off 5.The new secretary is supported to report to the manager as soon as she ______.A.will come B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arrived 6.If city noise _____ from increasing, people _____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept, will have to

B.are not kept, have to C.do not keep, will have to

D.do not keep, have to 7.Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _______ home.A.wrote

B.will write

C.have written

D.write 8.— Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?

— Well, I’m thinking about the salary….A.offer

B.will offer

C.are offered

D.will be offered 9.According to the time-table, the train for Shanghai _____ at 7 o’clock in the evening.A.leaves

B.has left

C.was left

D.will leave 10.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026 ____ off at 18:20.A.takes

B.took

C.will be taken

D.has taken 11.Don’t get off the bus until it _____

A.has stopped

B.stopped

C.will stop

D.shall stop

12.I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_____ on it for more than an hour.A.has been working

B.will have worked

C.will have been working

D.had worked

13.— ______ leave at the end of this month.— I don't think you should do that until ______ another job.A.I'm going to;you'd found

B.I'm going to;you've found C.I'll;you'll find

D.I'll;you'd find 14.－How can I apply for an online course? －Just fill out this form and we__________ what we can do for you.A.see

B.are seeing

C.have seen

D.will see 15.-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.-Well, he said he _____here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be 16.As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 17.Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A as;come B was;would come C would be;came D will be;come 18.Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend

解析：

1.if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，可知主句应该用将来时，答案为A;

2.until引导的时间状语从句用的是现在完成时，表达将来，可判断主句应该用将来时，答案为A.解时态题要善于抓住从句或主句中的时态来做出判断。

比较be going to 与 will：如果主语的意图事先考虑过，用be going to，否则用will 3.根据划线部分可知，他原本打算要来的，此题答案为C。

4）B.5）B

6)A

7)D 8)C

9）A

10)A.11）A

12）.A

13）.B 14）D 15)B 16)A 17)C 18)D

第五篇：英语语法——rather_than用法小结

have sth.done，have sb.do , have sb./sth.doing与have sth.to do 四种

句型的区别

一、Have sth.done可表示四种不同的语法意义（1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。

例：① I had(=got)that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。

② I had(=got)my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。（2）（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。

例：① they are going to have(=got)some threes planted.他们打算植些树。

② we must have(=got)the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完

成此项工作。

（3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。

例：① I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。

② I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。(4)用于否定句中，表示“不允许….”“不让”。

例：① I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。② I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。

二、have sb.do表示四种含意（1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb.to do”结构来替换。

例：① I had him repair my bike.（=I got him to repair my bike.）我请他修理自行车。

② Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。

（2）表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them.（3）表示主语“经历”某事。

例：He had his mother die.他遭丧母。（4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。

例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。

三、have sb./sth.doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。（1）在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。

例：① he soon had them all laughing.他很快让他们都笑了起来。② I have a car waiting for me.我让一部车在等我。（2）在否定结构中，表示“不能让”，“不允许”。

例：we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。

四、have sth.to do表示“有某事要完成”，其中不定式作定语，且其有主动与被动二种形式需要区别使用。

（1）如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。例：① I have some letters to write.我有几封信要写。

② He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要养活。（2）如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。例：“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.佣人问道：“你今天有没有衣服要（我）洗？”

rather than 用法小结

rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：

1.rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。

2.rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：

(1)连接两个名词或代词

He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。

You rather than I are going to go camping.是你而不是我要去要野营。

注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

(2)连接两个形容词

The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

(3)连接两个介词(短语)或动名词

We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

She enjoys singing rather than dancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。

(4)连接两个分句

We should help him rather than he should help us.是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。

(5)连接两个不定式

I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。

注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。

(6)连接两个动词

He ran rather than walked.他是跑来的，而不是走来的。

注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。

“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would(had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态

变化。

例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。

If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。

He’d rather work in the countryside.她宁可到农村去工作。

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。

二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型

例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。

The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。

请注意 1）would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。

例 I would rather have noodles than rice.我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。

He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。

Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。

2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。

例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。

I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。

三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前

例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？

Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？

Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？

四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。

例 John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)

We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。

Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend.明天别来。我希望你下周末来。

请注意 1）如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不

恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。例 Would rather you had not done that.我真希望你没有做那件事。

2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。

例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。

Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。

五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。

例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。

请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。

例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。

I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。

3）would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。

例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。

这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：

例 —Would you like some gin？

—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．

—您想喝点杜松子酒吗？

—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。

4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。

例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。