研究生 英语翻译

第一篇：研究生 英语翻译

Let children learn to judge their own work.A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use.Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s.In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught — to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle — compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them.We do it all for him.We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to.Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher.Let him do it himself.Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not

If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers.Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer.Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, marks.Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.

第二篇：研究生英语翻译答案

1.。Scotland

As you linger on the mountain pass to admire the rugged reflection of Beinn an Lochain in the waters of Loch Restil, spare a thought for the weary sheep drovers who used to pause here for breath after the long steep climb from Loch Fyne.“Rest and Be Thankful” is the name of this spot, a title coined by the soldiers who built the first road here 250 years ago.Since then its wild beauty has thrilled generations of crofters and passing travelers.and now you.当你流连与此山口，赞赏雷斯蒂尔湖中贝尔安山嶙峋的倒影时，请想想从前那些疲惫的赶羊人吧！他们从法恩湾出发，沿陡峭山路，经长途跋涉，然后在此歇息。这个山口就叫“歇恩山口”，此名是250年前在此修长第一条道路的士兵们给起的。从那以后，这里的自然美景便令一代代农人和游客陶醉，而今又令你怦然心动。

2.。一个美丽的小四合院

胡同，是中国传统的街区形式，四合院则是中国的传统 民居。四合院最早在西周时期就出现了，有三千多年的历史。北京是元，明，清，三代的都城，北京的四合院自然成为中国传统民居的集大成者，其精美的建筑和丰富的文化内涵常常让参观者流连忘返。金碧辉煌的皇城故宫和青砖灰瓦的胡同四合院共同构成了北京城的独特魅力。

Traditional Chinese neighborhood is called Hutong and traditional Chinese residence for city dwellers is known as Siheyuan--a courtyard with one-storey houses on four sides.Courtyard house came into existence as early as in the Western Zhou Dynasty dating back to over 3000 years ago.As Beijing served respectively as the capital of three dynasties, namely the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty ,needless to say, the courtyard house in Beijingrepresents the quintessence of traditional Chinese residential houses.Their exquisite architecture and rich cultural connotation are so inviting to their visitors that many of them simply cannot tear themselves away from it.The magnificent imperial city, now popularly known as the Palace Museum, together with the residential compound of grey bricks and tiles contribute to the unique attraction of the city.3...Walk It Off

When it comes to walking off those millennial excesses, a lengthy hike once a day will do you far more good than nipping down to the shops every couple of hours--even if the short walks add up to same amount of time, say exercise researchers in Britain.But walks of any length beat sitting at home with your feet up and watching television ,they stress.英国研究运动的人士说，就散步减肥而言，每天做一次长距离步行给你带来的好处远远超过每隔几小时逛一次商场-----即便短距离步行 累计的时间相同。不过，他们强调说，不过步行的距离有多少，都 比待在家里架着双腿看电视要好的多。

4.。无题

静下来想想，我这样一个出身贫寒。经历坎坷的人，居然能活到92岁，实在有点奇怪。过了80岁，经常有人问我，有什么养生之道，我不仅不懂得养生，而且还有一些不好的习惯。

Often ,in my calm moment of contemplation ,I find it amazing that a man like me who

was born of a poor family and has suffered a lifetime of frustrations should have lived to the age of 92.When I was in my eighties, people often asked me for advice on how to keep in good health.But the fact is , instead of a recipe for healthy living, I have some very bad habits.人世间，万事万物，都有一定的规律，掌握了这个 规律，才能改革和创造，我认为，习惯不属于意识形态范围，它有一种“惯性”。所以，古人说：习之难改也甚矣。当然，这是说难改，不是说不能改。只要下了决心，持之以恒，习惯也还是可以改的。

In this human world , things all go by certain rules.Only by grasping these rules can we make reforms and create.I think habits do not come under the category of ideology, but have something to do with inertia.That's why the ancients say ,“Old habits die hard ” Nevertheless, it doesn't mean that habits are impossible of being broken.With strong resolution and perseverance, we can certainly break ourselves of old habits.5..Globalization of Sporting Culture

Massive changes in all of the world's deeply cherished sporting habits are underway.Whether it'sone of London's parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup final as a televised spectator event in Britain ,the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition.We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture.世界上广为人们接受的运动习惯正发生着巨大的变化。的公园里到处是玩垒球的人，而俄罗斯人爱上了橄榄球，美国橄榄球联合会超级杯赛和英国足球杯总决赛更是成为英国电视观众竞相争看的赛事。运动员和观众的行为都在发生着变化，让人难以捉摸。我们正目睹着体育文化步入全球化的过程。

6.。世界文明共存

进入21世纪，世界形势继续发生深刻变化，多极化与经济全球化在曲折中深入发展，新情况，新矛盾层出不穷。随着经济全球化的发展，许多西方学者热衷于探讨不同文明之间的关系。在不少学者的论点背后，可以感觉到西方文明优越论的强烈色彩。许多西方学者甚至认为，如果没有西方价值观体系，就没有任何社会可以真正的实现现代化。亚洲国家也有不少人开始怀疑自身的文化传统能否孕育出现代化精神。

Since the arrival of 21st century , the world has continued to undergo profound changes.World multi-polarization and economic globalization are developing in greater depth amid twists and turns with new troubles and contradictions emerging one after another.With the development of economic globalization, many scholars in the West have taken great interest in discussing the relationship between different civilizations.However ,behind the arguments of some scholars, one can discern a strong sense of superiority of Western civilization.Quite a few Western scholars even believe that without embracing the Western value system, no society in the world would ever be able to achieve modernization.Many people in Asian countries have also begun to doubt if their own cultural tradition can nurture the spirit of modernization.7..总之，不同文明之间的相处应超越社会制度和意识形态的差异。各国应努力寻求共同利益的汇合点，遵循世界是丰富多彩的原则，采取相互学习，取长补短的积极态度，以利共同发展，而不应用一种政治制度和发展模式去规范整个世界。In general, it's essential for civilizations to coesistwith each other by transcending different social systems and ideology.All countries should work hard to seek convergence of common interests, honor the principle that the world is colorful and diversified ,and adopt a positive attitude of learning from each other to make up for their respective deficiencies in the interest of common development.It's not acceptable to model the whole world after one political system or development pattern.8...Etiquette(礼仪)

To be able to answer the question “Is etiquette important?” one must have an understanding of the true meaning of the word.There is no simple definition of synonym, but to me “consideration” comes the closest.All good manners are based on thoughtfulness for others, and if everyone lived by the Golden Rule--“Do unto others as you would have others do unto you”-there would be no bad manners in the world.There have been many attempts to define “etiquette” over the years ,but my own particular favouritewas found in an old grammar book.It is ,Politeness is to do and say The kindest thing in the kindest way.“礼仪重要吗？”若要回答这个问题，我们必须懂得“礼仪”一词的真正含义。我们无法把这个词简单地定义或给出某个同义词，而在我看来，“体谅”则是最贴切的诠释。一切礼貌的行为举止皆以体贴他人为基础。如果人人都能遵循“你想别人怎样对待你，就要怎么对待别人”这一黄金法则，这世界上也就不会有不礼貌 的行为了。多年来，很多人都试图给“礼仪”定义，但我特别喜爱的解释是在一本古老的语法书中发现的，书中这样写到，“以最码头的方式去说最码头的话，做最码头的事，这就是礼貌。”

9...中国神话的特点

一，神话与历史难以分开。在中国有文字记载的历史以前的历史，部分地根据传说，而传说和神话是交结在一起的，如伏羲，神农，黄帝，夏禹这些古代的英雄和领袖，既是传说中的历史人物，也是神话中的重要角色。古代神话在很大程度上历史化了。反过来说，古代历史也在某种程度上神话化了。

1.Mythical stories are entwined with history.The history of the long period before recorded history began is partly based on legend ,which is interwoven with mythology.Such ancient heroes and leaders as Fuxi, Shengnong, Huangdi and Yu are both historical figures according to legend and important characters in mythical stories.Ancient mythology was to a great extent made historical.On the other hand ,ancient history was to a certain extent made mythical.10...中国的环保国策

中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而，我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。环境污染严重，生态状况恶化，资源耗费巨大，回收率低而导致环

境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。

As a developing country ,China is faced with the dual tasks of developing its economy and protecting the environment.However, China suffers an increasing disparity between economic development and natural resources and the environment with a large population, relative insufficiency in natural resources and expanding economy.The serious environmental problem caused by severe pollution, deteriorating ecological conditions, huge consumption of resources and low reclamation has already become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy.11.New Class War :Teacher vs Technology

Halfway through the semester in this market research course at Roanoke College last fall, only moments after announcing a policy of zero tolerance for cellphone use in the classroom，Prof.Ali Nazemi heard a telltale ring.Then he spotted a young man named Neil Noland fumbling with his phone , trying to turn it off before being caught.去年秋天，罗阿诺克学院阿里·纳齐米教授的市场研究课程业已学期过半。有一天他宣布在他的课堂上对使用手机采取零容忍政策。话音未落，就听到明显的手机铃声。他循声望去，发现一个名叫尼尔·诺兰的年轻人正手忙脚乱地摆弄手机，试图在被抓之前关掉它。

12.别为了成功而抛弃快乐。

一位大学生曾经告诉我，“我不需要快乐，只需要成功。”当时，我并没有反驳，毕竟是学生吗，说话总是出语惊人。说真的，我喜欢这种谈吐风格。然而，一旦你开始慢慢接受这种主张，它就会让你感到不安。这位学生如此草率地了快乐，似乎说，“让我们去追求人生更重要的东西-事业上的成功。”

A college student once told me ,“I don't need to be happy-just successful.”At the time, I let it pass--students, after all ,regularly say surprising things.Indeed ,I like this quality in their conversations.But this assertion has an unsetting quality to it once you let it seep in.The student dismisses happiness in such a perfunctory way.It's as if she is saying, “Let's get on to the important stuff--professional success.”

第三篇：研究生英语翻译11（精选）

第十一课 人类的尊严和道德的身份

只有当我们承认我们的生命不是自己创造的, 也不是我们的父母，或他们的父母创造的时候，我们人类的尊严才得以实现。我们人类及其价值来自这样的事实——我们生来是有尊严的人类。尊严并非源于反叛人类固有的特性。坦然来自接受我们被创造的样式。

拒绝接受我们的身体违背大自然的有序性，而我国深远悠久的历史也未曾有过类似记载。我们的开国元勋，包括威廉潘，阿比盖尔亚当斯，詹姆士麦德森等等，都持有这样的立场 —— 我们要接受自己的命运，而且没人可以阻碍我们实现我们的尊严。这个尊严不是自己选择的，乃是上帝选择的。

那些提议我们拒绝天生的尊严的人崩溃了我们国家的基础。从大体上说，我们国家基于这样的思想：自我接受，而不是自我拒绝，才能充分体现思想的百花齐放和百家争鸣。

自由的思想直接源于接受赐于我们的东西。我们无法选择自己的性别，贫富，和出生地。欣然承认这些事与我们的尊严无关，我们就获得了自由。确实，强迫他人接受我们个人对自我的判逆就失去了自由。命运将我们投胎到一个本不属于我们的文化之中，并非是给予了我们一根可依赖的拐杖，而是赋予我们一个内容丰富且十分有活力的机遇拼图。这个拼图先我们而来，同时也孕含着我们素质的根本构成单位。它是决定我们出生时状况和现时状况所不可或缺的。

当我写这些话时，我天真地相信没有美国人会觉得它们真值得嘲笑，好笑，或被指控为偏执。而这，正是我在2001年5月7日在美国大众电台资助的题为“性别政治”的辩论会上发表了这篇开幕词之后所发生的事情。颇具讽刺意味的是，辩论会的举行场地正是我们的祖先首次秘密召开第一次大陆会议并开始起草“独立宣言”的费城卡拼特大厅。我决不相信我们的祖先会想到这个地方在日后会用来就作为大众政策“纳税人不为变性手术付款” 是否歧视这一话题辩论。我也不会相信我们的祖先认为我们是自己性别的牺牲品和囚犯。然而，这正式我的反对方所为之争辩的。

变性者要讨论的问题完全无视常识, 人类的尊严和大众政策。除了支持其他的问题以外，这个讨论的问题还支持以下几个观点：

A． 当人们不同意自己被创造的样式时，他们就成了牺牲品；

B． 改变自己的性别是合法的；

C． 小学生有权决定改变自己的性别；

D． 谁不喜欢自己的身体，就有必要实行医疗手术。

首先，为了证明一种权力的合法性，就必须显示所提示的“权力”隐含在有序的自由这一概念中。还必须显示实施这一权力与我们的悠久历史一脉相承。实质上，必须显示剥夺这种权力就会毁掉我们国家的基础。变性问题还上不了法规的线。根据大量的判例法，它们最多是通过人民的立法机关最终留给个

人自己的道德问题。

第二, 那些大肆宣传变性的人拒绝承认变性是一个选择问题。他们争辩道，他们生来的性别并非自己的选择。他们宣称他们要通过人的生存方式来反叛强加于他们的性别。这个宣称为以下事实留下了余地—— 可以自我确认或标榜为“变性”的唯一方法是在大众论坛中“豁出去”。从本质上看，“判逆”就是选择。很奇怪，变性的人声称这个“豁出去”的过程对他们成功地在宪法之下作为一个阶级很有必要。这简直荒唐之极。

有些事情还是不说为好，而且我们也不指望大众会接受思想领域里的每一句话。再者，法律明确规定国家有对大众认为是可恶的举止或行为表现进行矫正的合法权利。我们的法院也已承认政府不必解决每一个牵涉到法规的问题。换句话说，即使我们承认不能用科学来解释变性，这并不意味着美国在对变性行为提供科学解释前后备力量就必须放弃对它的规范。

我的反对派们还建议，美国的工作单位必须为对自己性别不满的人反性别穿戴或其它表示提供便利。我们的雇主们有权力，也有法律责任防止工作单位成为性问题充斥的地方。如果任凭主观意志来定位性别，就很难维持这样的目标。

还有一点，变性者们为锎锏较硎芡缺；ず投怨テ缡拥拿植? 竭力把他们比作少数民族和妇女。事实上，变性破坏了1964年的公民权利议案的基础。倘若我们依照美国宪法的同等保护条款承认变性人为一个被怀疑的阶级，我们就只能让多年来为在工作单位和学校争取种族平等，男女平等的所有努力前功尽弃。现在，我的反对派们异想天开地争辩说，一名变性男人就可以称自己是女人，且以女人身份出现。

女人身份变的毫无意义。那些要阻止妇女在公司和其它地方晋升的人现在可以肆无忌惮地无视妇女的权力了，因为只要自己要求，任何人都可以“是”女人。

最后，我们讨论了旧金山地区的最新决定 —— 为雇员决定做变性手术付款。根据一个旧金山编年史的条款，该地区只把有限的资金资助配假肢和心脏重建手术。

再者，对于有残疾子女的工人没有任何福利照顾。当我对反对派说儿童的需要应比选择做变性手术更重要时，参加现场直播的观众都笑我。更加令人悲哀的是在将近60人参加的辩论会上，没有一个人批评变性者所要的权力。对于这个辩论会将要转播的那65个电台市场，是否会是同样的情况就不得而知了。

当有朝一日我们的孩子们说他们作为人的尊严和道德身份不重要时，我真不愿意说“我早就跟你说过”。那些对我们的孩子的心灵遭受变性主张，同性恋以及大肆攻击父母权力与道德观念的践踏和玷污袖手旁观的人，在道德上和在普瑞马导那客店坐视杰瑞梅司特老梅亚强暴并杀害了无辜的车利丝依佛森没什么两样。让我们祈祷我对这事的担忧永远不会成为现实。

第四篇：2005-2009年 研究生英语翻译题目

2005年

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.History and news become confused, and one’s peoples, their cultures and national identities.With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene.47)and Murdoch come to mind.在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样起过如此大的作用。

在欧洲就像在其他地方一样多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。

Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.48)仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统计数字也是一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下50%.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49)--that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.创造一个将要组成旧大洲联系纤维并且尊重不同文化和传统的统一体不是一项容易的任务，需要策略性的选择。

In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training.This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European

bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.50)and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。

2006年

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true.Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America.But they have done more than that.They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual.It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained.47)This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals--the average scientist, for one.48)Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties--he is not supposed to cook his experiments, During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their

This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars.Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.2007年

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.However, only in recent years has it become a older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment.On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.(47)example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48)of the state, is a major subject for journalists.The better informed they are about the Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists.While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by

lawyers.(50)These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.2008年

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.(47)His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy.So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men.No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning.He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.”(49)”

Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years.Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure.Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight.In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry.I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.”

2009年

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young.In the former case the education is incidental;it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46）secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences;family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity;systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.47）industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48）need of training is too evident;the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account.49）made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.2010年考研试题翻译部分

Part C Translation:

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value.yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.It is painful to read these round about accounts today.we have no land ethic yet,(47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us)A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(48 Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species)

Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly.or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops(49)In Europe ,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the commercial tree species are recognized ad members of native forest community ,to be preserved as such ,within reason.)

To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided。(50 It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.)without the uneconomic pats.46.Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。

47.but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us

48.Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species。

49.In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。

50.It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning。

第五篇：研究生英语翻译单元6

Unit Six

也许没有人像E．B．怀特那样抒情、那样成功地捕捉到纽约这个城市。这篇短文向仍然热爱纽约的人们展现了它永恒的经典特质。

这就是纽约

E．B．怀特

1纽约将孤寂与独处当作赠礼，赐予所有向往这份奇特礼物的人们。纽约城内数量庞大的居民中，冲着这份赠礼而来此落脚的绝不在少数；曼哈顿也因此聚集了众多异乡客，他们背井离乡到此闯荡，有的为了寻求庇护，有的为了一展抱负，还有的为了实现心中或大或小的愿望。纽约之所以神秘，便在于它总能赐予这般扑朔迷离的馈赠，能使人万劫不复，也能让人飞黄腾达，皆为运气使然。如果有谁打算碰碰运气，不妨到纽约来。

2纽约集艺术、商业、体育、宗教、娱乐和金融于一城，城内拳击手、传教士、推销员、演员、经纪人、商人齐聚一堂，同场竞技。纽约的领口上弥漫着绵延悠长、挥之不去的历史气息，不管坐在纽约城的哪个角落，你都能感受到那些辉煌时代和宏伟业绩的搏动，那些奇妙人物、事件和活动的余音。此时此刻，我正坐在市中心一问令人窒息的旅馆客房里，它位于通风井中部，屋内温度高达华氏90度。房间里没法子通风，但说来也怪，我还是捕捉到了周遭事物散发出来的讯息。离这儿22个街区之外，鲁道夫·瓦伦帝诺在长眠；8个街区之外，内森·黑尔曾被处以极刑；5个街区之外的出版社办公室中，欧内斯特·海明威的拳头同马科斯·伊斯特曼的鼻子来了一次亲密接触；4英里外，沃尔特·惠特曼呕心沥血地为《布鲁克林之鹰》写作社论；34个街区之外，威拉·凯瑟刚来纽约时曾居住于此，创作了许多以内布拉斯加州为题材的作品；1个街区之外，玛尔瑟琳在纽约剧院大楼里演出过丑角笑剧；36个街区之外，历史学家乔·古尔德在众目睽睽之下将一个收音机踢得粉碎；13个街区之外，哈里·索开枪击毙了斯坦福·怀特；5个街区之外是我曾做过领座员的大都会剧院；112个街区之外则矗立着老克拉伦斯·戴洗去罪恶的主显节教堂(类似的例子，我可以无限制地罗列下去)。这样想来，或许有一些显赫的大人物也曾在我现在栖身的屋子里住过，有的也许就是在某个热得让人喘不过气来的下午安坐于此，形单影只，与世隔绝，脑子里却满是各自捕捉到的屋子外边散发出来的讯息。

3几分钟前，我下楼吃午饭，发现坐在我旁边的竟然是弗里德·斯通(他靠墙坐着，离我大约18英寸远)。18英寸是纽约为其居民之间设定的既联系又分隔的距离。我同弗里德·斯通之间的唯一联系就是我有幸在本世纪初上演的《绿野仙踪》里看过他的表演。没想到，招待我们的服务员竟也同我一样，为能同一个“绿野仙踪人士”如此亲密接触而兴奋不已；斯通离开后，他告诉我说，他(即服务员本人)刚到美国时年纪轻轻，甚至听不懂英语，但他同女朋友的首次剧院约会就是去看《绿野仙踪》。那是非常棒的演出，他回忆道——稻草人啊，铁皮人啊。真是棒极了!(还是在18英寸之外)“斯通先生的胃口总是那么好，”他还不无体贴地感叹，似乎为同“绿野仙踪”分享些许命运交集而心满意足呢。

4纽约城赐予人们独处孤居之礼的同时，也奉上一份参与的兴奋；同其他人口稠密的社区相比，纽约能更好地将个人与每时每劾在他周围发生的重大的、猛烈的、奇妙的事件隔离开来(只要他需要，而几乎每个人都想要或需要这种隔离)。自打我搬进这乌烟瘴气的通风井以来，城里已发生了好些惹人注目的事件。妒火中烧

之下，一个男人开枪打死了自己的妻子，但此事却并未在他所处街区以外的地方引起任何反响，报纸上也只是稍稍提到几笔。我当时并不在现场。我来到城里以后，世界上规模空前的飞行表演恰好在纽约举行。当时我并没到场，城中800万居民也大多没有去观摩，尽管据宣称，到现场捧场的观众不在少数。我甚至没有听到飞机的轰鸣声，只是间或有几架西行的商业航班从通风井上空飞过。北大西洋上最大的远洋轮船在纽约进进出出，可我并没有留意，大多数纽约人也没有注意到。纽约港被称为世界上最大的港口，沿港码头绵延650英里，停泊着来自他乡异域的船只，但我来到纽约之后，只有在前天夜里经过布鲁克林大桥时看到过一艘单桅帆船罢了，其时，它正抢在退潮前急急驶出东河。不过，一天半夜里我还听到了玛丽女王号的汽笛声，这一声长鸣传达了“离行--期许--惘然”这一完整过程。狮子会会员们齐聚集会，我却连他们的人影都没看到过。我的一位朋友倒是撞见一个，并告诉过我(据他描述，那人瘸着脚，身穿一件短开衫)。棒球场和赛马场上如火如荼的比赛也已拉开序幕，我却连一个球员、一匹赛马都没见着。州长驾临城中，我听到警报尖鸣，但仅此而已——又是18英寸的距离使然。有人被从天而降的一截房檐砸中，死于非命。我却并未卷入这场惨剧，究其原因，还是这18英寸的距离使然。

5我提到这些，仅仅为了表明纽约城是一座建构奇特的城市，这里发生的事件包罗万象(城东1,000英尺长的班轮也好，城西2万人的集会也罢)，但种种事件却又未被强加到每个居民身上。因此，从某种意义上说，每个事件都有可供选择的余地，居民们大可随心所欲地选择心仪的场景来体味，保护其灵魂免受侵害。在许多都市里，无论是大都会还是小城市，个人往往没有这种选择的自由。他必然会同狮子会会员们狭路相逢。狮子会会员无处不在，各种事件避无可避。一截房檐从天而降，必然会砸到每个市民头上，无一幸免。我有时想，能够砸到每个纽约人头上的事件恐怕只有一年一度的圣帕特里克节游行，其影响之广，可谓无孔不入——爱尔兰是一个不可小觑的民族，纽约城中居住的爱尔兰人有50万之众，他们还拥有自己的武装力量。

6在将居民同其周边生活隔离开来的同时，纽约也会弱化他们作为个体的存在。也许，生活在一个普通社区里，生活反而会健全些：在那里，当一截房檐从天而降时，你总会感受到疼痛；在那里，当州长经过时，至少他的帽子会映入你的眼帘。

7说到这点，我并不是在为纽约辩护。很多人选择这里落脚也许只是为了逃避现实，而不是面对现实。但无论如何，这都是非常希罕的礼物，而且我也相信这给纽约客的创造力带来了积极的影响——因为在一定程度上，创造就是将大大小小令人分心的事物抛之脑后的过程。

8尽管纽约常常带给人一种强烈的失落感或被遗弃感，但她却很少显得死气沉沉或乏味无趣，你总会生出如下想法：只需变换一下位置，搬到10个街区以外，或者稍稍破一下财，花掉5美元，你就能立刻重获生机，神采奕奕。许多缺乏自主精神的人纷纷从纽约城的多姿多彩及令人兴奋的活动中寻求支柱，支撑和维系他们的精神和信念。在这个国家的其他地方，这种立竿见影的“重生”机会少之又少——或许只有天气的变化或新到的邮件才能带来些许惊喜。但在纽约，这种机会却是无穷无尽的。在我看来，尽管有不少人来到纽约是因为他们活力过剩，无法宣泄(这促使他们背井离乡，来到纽约)，同时，也不乏一些人是因为精神匮乏才来到纽约，在这里寻求庇护或某种轻而易举就能得到的替代品。