第一篇：外研版选修八module4课文原文文档
【MODULE 4】Which English?
【READING AND VOCABULAYR】
Which English?
When you receive a phone call from a friend, how long does it take you to know who it is? A few seconds, perhaps.The quality of someone`s voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognizable, even though you can`t see him or her.In this sense everybody`s use of language——whether English, Chinese, or any other——is different.You could say that there are as many varieties of English, or any other language for that matter, as there are speakers of it.English is spoken as an official language in more than 60 countries across the world and it can sound very different from place to place.Pronunciation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, can change very quickly from one area to another.For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney.It is only usually spoken by people from the east of that city so it is not the only form of English you will hear.You can usually tell which part of the English-speaking world someone comes from by their accent, and there are some very recognisable accents all over Britain.It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English, there is not really a standard form that everyone can agree on.English spread across the world over hundreds of years because of trade, exploration and business, and this process produced many different Englishes.Professors of linguistics, writers and teachers all worry about providing a perfect model to follow but as it is so widely spoken, it has become impossible to say which English is “correct” and which is
“incorrect”.Perhaps correctness doesn`t matter——as long as speakers can understand each other——it`s communication that counts.[Australia]
G`day!D`ya speak Strine? Or rather, Hello!Do you speak Australian? Australia is one of the youngest nations in the world.The first English speakers arrived little more than 200years ago——and they didn`t want to.Most of them were prisoners sent there to work.They came from all over Britain, but especially from Northern Ireland and the London area, which is why the Australian accent today has traces of both Irish and cockney speech patterns.The English speakers found a people who had been living in Australia for more than 50,000 years——the Aborigines, and an
extraordinary variety of wildlife, unique to the continent.Many of the
Aboriginal words for these animals, such as kangaroo, koala and kookaburra soon passed into the language.But the main differences between Australian English and other intonation patterns.Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand the Australian accent, and mistakes are common.A few years ago a well-known English author was signing copies of his books in a
Sydney bookshop.A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit.The author thought that Emma Chissit was the woman`s name.But when he asked how to spell the name, in case the
customer wanted him to write her name in the book(To Emma Chissit ,with best wishes), he realized that the customer had been asking the question: How much is it?
[Jamaica and Singapore]
Australian English comes directly from English spoken in Britain.But in other countries where English is spoken as a first language this is not the case.The variety of English spoken in Jamaica, and other Caribbean countries, has some of the grammatical features of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people, so that there is often no apostrophes(`s)(that woman house, instead of that woman`s house)or no link verb or article(He good man, instead of He`s a good man).Another feature is the rhythm.It is the rhythm of rap music, which became popular in the US in the 1980s.On the other side of the world, in Singapore, English is a second language, spoken by about half the population.Other languages include Malay and Chinese.Almost everyone in Singapore is bilingual, while some people speak three or four languages.The most common variety of English spoken is known as Singlish.Sentences in Singlish often end with the world lah.The variety has been influenced in particular by Malay and the Chinese dialect Hokkien(language spoken in Minnan), both in grammatical features and vocabulary.Today there is a debate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best: Singlish, or a variety closer to British English, which is the aim of the Speak Good English Movement created in 1999.【READING AND VOCABULARY】
The Future of English
Ever since the invention of the first telegraph at the end of the 19th century, English has been spreading around the world.It has a power influence in the media, on the Internet and in pop music that is not going to go away.This communication revolution has turner the world into a “global village” in which everyone needs to talk to each other—and so often nowadays that means in English.More people now speak English as a second language across the world than as a native language.It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.But what will that form of English be like? Traditionally, British English has been taught across the world, but it is only one variety.Experts believe that the future shape and grammar of English, especially in its spoken form, will no longer be determined in the traditional English-speaking countries like Britain and America but in the rest of Europe, Asia and Africa.International organizations and businesses communicate with each other in English.But a new pattern of using English is developing that does not look the same to native speakers as “traditional” English.Researchers are now investigating “non-native” English which is a new form of the language with changes in grammar, pronunciation and meaning.Often meanings and words from other languages find their way into English to produce a new dialect such as “Franglais” which combines aspects of French and English.You could say this gives English a French flavour.All of those processes are a form of natural evolution.New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.【READING PRACTICE】
Colourful English
English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.Even if the meaning of the words is
straightforward, the cultural associations of the phrase may be ambiguous.The dilemma is to know which are explicit, which are figurative, and why they are relevant to an everyday situation.Idioms are picturesque or absurd expressions conveying a concept which is different from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years.The Pilgrim Fathers in America always asked for turkeys when they traded with Native Americans.Thus, to talk turkey means to get down to business.But some idioms are very new and you`ll need to clarify what they mean.For example, man as a box of frogs is a recent way of describing someone who has a tendency to be rather disorganized or vague.A bad hair day is one when you fell clumsy or depressed, possibly because your hair doesn`t look good.Many expressions are advertising slogans.That`ll do nicely, sir!comes from an old TV ad for American Express.It`s the shop assistant`s reply to a customer who selects a credit card from his wallet and asks if the shop accepts American Express.Other common expressions have metaphorical significance.Get your tanks off lawn!means Back off!Withdraw your threats!and was first said by a British prime minister, rejecting the threat of a potential strike by a trade union leader.Age before beauty is used when inviting another person to go through a door before you.It`s not meant to abuse the other person, but it may sometimes cause offence.The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill`s term for the diving line between eastern and western Europe.With friends like these, who needs enemies? means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.We shall overcome dates from the American Civil Rights movement in the USA, meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.Finally, there are traditional proverbs which express a moral or piece of advice.For example, when in Rome, do as the Romans do suggests you should adapt to local conditions.Some sayings have achieved the superior status of a proverb such as Money makes the world go around from the
musical Cabaret(1996).This comes from the older proverb Love makes the world go round.【CULTURAL CORNER】
Chinese as a Foreign Language
Who wants to learn Chinese? Just about everybody in the world, it seems.The demand for Chinese as a foreign language is growing fast, both in English-speaking countries like France, where the number of students studying Chinese has increased by 15% each year in recent years.There are a number of reasons for the interest.As China develops
economically, opportunities for doing business increase dramatically——and if you know your partner`s language, your chances of success increase.But there is also a renewed interest in the culture and traditions of China;the fact that Chinese culture has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.A third reason is that learning Chinese is, simply, a challenge.With its characters and complicated tone system, most speakers of other languages think Chinese must be the incredibly difficult.But is it really so? As one American students says, “The biggest problem about learning Chinese is often fear——sometimes caused by the teachers.I`ve studied quite a few languages, and none of them are as easy for me as Chinese.The grammar is easy, since sentence order is similar to English——but simper.The only difficult part of spoken Chinese is the tone system.Even that isn`t a big problem.I remember the first time I heard a native of Beijing speaking, it was so clear!”
With so much interest in the language ,the Chinese government introduced an international exam system.Established in 1990,the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language.Later, it was introduced abroad.At the moment, there are more than 100 exam centres in 27
countries around the world, with nearly 15,000 candidates taking the exam every year.And a spin-off of this is that teaching Chinese as a foreign language offers young Chinese language graduates interesting professional opportunities——and a chance to travel across the world.
第二篇：高中英语外研版选修八单词表
——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
高中英语外研版选修八单词表
polar adj.极地的 penguin n.企鹅
explorer n.探险者
Antarctica n.南极洲
annual adj.每年的rainfall n.降水量；降雨量
state n.状态；状况
depth n.深度
gravity n.重力，地心引力
inhospitable adj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的extreme adj.极端的，极度的flower v.开花
moss n.藓；苔藓
algae n.藻类（植物）
lichen n.地衣
adapt to（使）适应
trap v.储存，留存
meteorite n.陨石
extraterrestrial adj.天外的，地球外的mass n.块，堆，团
balance v.使平衡
exploration n.（对某地区的）勘查
set foot on 进入，到达
rivalry n.（不断的）竞争
treaty n.（国家或政府间的）条约，公约 commercial adj.商业的 nuclear adj.核的，核能的 test n.试验
radioactive adj.（具有）放射性的 promote v.促进，增进
via prep.经由，取道
trap v.使陷入困境
lifeboat n.救生船
crew n.（全体）船员
voyage n.（乘船的）旅行，航行
drift v.漂流，漂泊
ceremonial adj.正式的
glacier n.冰川；冰河
magnetic adj.磁的，磁性的，磁场的glare n.刺眼的光
intense adj.强烈的sunglasses n.太阳镜；墨镜
(SH8 M1 P1)(SH8 M1 P1)(SH8 M1 P1)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P2)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P3)(SH8 M1 P7)(SH8 M1 P7)(SH8 M1 P7)(SH8 M1 P7)(SH8 M1 P8)(SH8 M1 P8)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
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sun-cream n.防晒霜
severe adj.艰难的，艰巨的
eyesight n.视力；目力
sunburnt adj.晒伤的minus prep.零下
numb adj.麻木的；失去知觉的frost n.霜；霜冻
clothing n.衣服；（尤指）某种服装
portable adj.轻便的；便携的pure adj.干净的；不含有害物质的 millimetre n.毫米；千分之一米
abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的 sunrise n.日出
sunset n.日落
absence n.缺乏；没有
daylight n.日光；白天
tiresome adj.烦人的，令人讨厌的 depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的isolated adj.孤单的，孤立的aircraft n.飞机；飞行器
platform n.平台
powder n.粉；粉末
minimum adj.最少量；最小数
modest adj.不很昂贵的； 适中的 luxury n.奢侈品
cosy adj.温暖舒适的dormitory n.宿舍；寝室
canteen n.（工厂学校等的）食 堂，餐厅 stock v.储存，储备
laundry n.待洗的衣物
discourage v.阻止；打消……的念头
in case of 如果；假使
emergency n.紧急情况；突发事情
conventional adj.常规的；普通的 drill n.钻；钻机
snap v.崩溃，支持不住
tricky adj.困难的，棘手的 fragile adj.脆弱的；易碎的
battery n.电池
ecology n.生态；生态学
delicate adj.娇气的，纤弱的privilege n.荣幸
trader n.商人；买卖人；经商者
spice n.香料
(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)(SH8 M1 P11)
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jewel n.宝石
(SH8 M1 P13)befriend v.对待……如朋友
(SH8 M1 P13)tale n.传说；故事
(SH8 M1 P13)legendary adj.传说中的(SH8 M1 P13)reliability n.可靠性
(SH8 M1 P13)obscure adj.难理解的，晦涩的(SH8 M1 P13)intimate adj.亲密的(SH8 M1 P13)inhabit v.居住
(SH8 M1 P13)spaghetti n.意大利面条
(SH8 M1 P13)insight n.洞察力，眼光
(SH8 M1 P13)inspiration n.鼓舞；启示；灵感
(SH8 M1 P13)renaissance n.（文艺的）复兴
(SH8 M2 P15)disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的(SH8 M2 P15)subject n.（绘画，摄影等的）主题
(SH8 M2 P15)dull adj.枯燥的；沉闷的(SH8 M2 P15)basically adv.基本上，本质上，大致说来
(SH8 M2 P15)work n.作品
(SH8 M2 P15)effect n.效果；作用
(SH8 M2 P15)shade n.（图画等中的）阴影；阴暗部分
(SH8 M2 P15)medieval adj.中世纪的
(SH8 M2 P16)Gothic adj.哥特式的，哥特风格的（指12至16世纪流行于西欧的建筑风格）
(SH8 M2 P16)frontier n.新领域
(SH8 M2 P16)perspective n.透视（画）法；透视效果；透视感
(SH8 M2 P16)polyphony n.复调音乐（作品）
(SH8 M2 P16)cathedral n.大教堂
(SH8 M2 P17)motivate v.激发，激励
(SH8 M2 P17)skilled adj.有技巧的，熟练的(SH8 M2 P17)parachute n.降落伞
(SH8 M2 P17)submarine n.潜艇
(SH8 M2 P17)tank n.坦克
(SH8 M2 P17)overnight adj.持续整夜的(SH8 M2 P22)ferry n.渡船
(SH8 M2 P22)horseshoe n.马掌；马蹄铁
(SH8 M2 P22)ornate adj.华丽的(SH8 M2 P22)tax v.对……征税，向……课税
(SH8 M2 P22)depend on 依靠，依赖；取决于（条件、情况）
(SH8 M2 P22)reckon v.认为
(SH8 M2 P22)in history 历史上
(SH8 M2 P22)leave for 出发去某地
(SH8 M2 P22)anecdote n.趣闻，轶事
(SH8 M2 P25)authentic adj.（书画、文件、书籍等）原作的(SH8 M2 P25)spokesman n.发言人；代言人
(SH8 M2 P25)新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
burglar n.窃贼，小偷
leave sth.behind 把……抛在后面
antique adj.古时制造的，古董的basement n.地下室；地下层
courtyard n.庭院，院子
passerby n.（过）路人
moustache n.小胡子
parcel n.（小）包裹
dash v.猛冲
crossing n.十字路口；交叉口
crossroads n.十字路口
flee v.逃跑，逃掉
sideroad n.旁路，旁侧路
appeal v.恳求；呼吁
suspect n.（犯罪）嫌疑人；可疑分子
loss n.丢失；丧失
circulate v.流传；传播
seek v.寻找；寻求
gang n.（犯人的）一群，一帮
tentative adj.不确定的；试探性的behalf n.方面；利益
on behalf of 代表……
chief adj.最重要的；首要的 fundamental adj.根本的；基本的drawback n.不利因素
superb adj.极好的；超级的 substitute n.代替物；代替品
confidential adj.秘密的，机密的debt n.债务；人情债
get tired of doing sth.厌倦做某事；厌烦做某事 merely adv.仅仅；只不过
outcome n.结果；后果
blame n.（对错事或坏事应付的）责任
liberty n.自由；自由权
at liberty 获得自由的 gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的 movable adj.活动的，可移动的
manuscript n.底稿；手稿
press n.印刷机
squeeze v.榨出；挤出；压出（液体）
olive n.橄榄
mill n.工厂，制造厂
Bible n.圣经
up to 到（某个数量）
(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)
(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P25)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
lead to 导致，通向，通往
passion n.激情，热爱
official n.官员，高级职员
rural adj.农村的，乡村的inspire v.鼓舞，激励
take up 从事，开始做（某项工作）
profession n.职业
calculate v.计算
owe v.应给予
poison n.毒药
cookery n.烹饪法，烹饪术
taste n.味道
obsess v.使着迷
banquet n.宴会
dish n.一道菜
greedily adv.贪婪地
chopstick n.（常复）筷子
dessert n.甜食
no wonder 难怪
intestine n.（常复）肠
tongue n.舌头
hoof n.（猪、牛等的）蹄
end up 结束
chew v.咀嚼
delicacy n.佳肴，珍馐
infamous adj.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的 appetising adj.开胃的，增进食欲的manner n.方式；方法
make out 看出，理解
requirement n.要求
tuna n.金枪鱼
fixed adj.固定的mushroom n.蘑菇
mash v.捣烂，捣成泥状
filling n.馅
unrecognizable adj.无法辨认的 have...in common 与……有共同点
guest n.客人
fork n.叉子
in short 总之；简言之
entertain v.招待，款待； 请客
menu n.菜单
asparagus n.芦笋
tender adj.嫩的(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)(SH8 M2 P27)
(SH8 M2 P27)
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(SH8 M3 P34)
(SH8 M3 P34)(SH8 M3 P35)(SH8 M3 P35)(SH8 M3 P35)(SH8 M3 P35)(SH8 M3 P35)新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
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Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚的(SH8 M3 P35)remark v.谈到，说起
(SH8 M3 P35)casually adv.随意地
(SH8 M3 P35)compliment n.赞美
(SH8 M3 P36)punctuation n.标点符号
(SH8 M3 P36)porridge n.燕麦（麦片）粥；粥
(SH8 M3 P39)bacon n.（通常切成薄片的）咸猪肉；熏猪肉(SH8 M3 P39)roast adj.烤好的；烤制的(SH8 M3 P39)lamb n.羔羊；羔羊肉
(SH8 M3 P39)consume v.（正式）吃；喝
(SH8 M3 P39)butcher n.屠夫；屠户
(SH8 M3 P39)cattle n.牛（指菜牛或奶牛）
(SH8 M3 P39)outnumber v.在数量上胜过……，比……多(SH8 M3 P39)justifiably adv.有正当理由地
(SH8 M3 P39)mutton n.羊肉
(SH8 M3 P39)consequence n.后果
(SH8 M3 P39)gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的(SH8 M3 P39)trend n.趋势，趋向
(SH8 M3 P39)fusion n.合并；合成(SH8 M3 P39)cuisine n.烹饪，烹饪术； 菜肴，饭菜
(SH8 M3 P39)recipe n.烹饪法；食谱
(SH8 M3 P39)bean curd n.豆腐
(SH8 M3 P39)seaweed n.海藻；海草
(SH8 M3 P39)raw adj.生的(SH8 M3 P39)eggplant n.茄子
(SH8 M3 P39)lemon n.柠檬
(SH8 M3 P39)bakery n.面包店
(SH8 M3 P39)loaf n.（条型）面包
(SH8 M3 P39)artificial adj.人造的；人工的(SH8 M3 P39)grocery n.食品杂货店
(SH8 M3 P39)customer n.顾客
(SH8 M3 P39)pan n.平底锅
(SH8 M3 P39)cocoa n.可可粉
(SH8 M3 P39)cookie n.小甜饼；甜饼干
(SH8 M3 P39)maple n.槭树；枫树
(SH8 M3 P39)syrup n.糖浆
(SH8 M3 P39)honey n.蜂蜜
(SH8 M3 P39)crisp adj.松脆的(SH8 M3 P39)samosa n.萨莫萨炸三角饺
(SH8 M3 P39)fragrant adj.香的，芳香的(SH8 M3 P39)dairy n.牛奶场
(SH8 M3 P39)yoghurt n.酸乳酪；酸奶
(SH8 M3 P39)abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的(SH8 M3 P39)ripe adj.（水果或庄稼）成熟的
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peach n.桃子
melon n.瓜
stove n.炉子
fry v.煎；炸；炒
microwave n.微波
reheat v.重新加热
barbecue n.烧烤野餐
grill v.烧烤；烤制
slice n.薄片；切片
breast n.胸脯肉
cutlet n.（供烤或煎的）肉片，肉排 buffet n.自助餐
pint n.品脱（美国和英国的液量单位）brewery n.啤酒厂
altogether v.总的说来；总而言之
ample adj.充足的；充裕的
willow n.柳树
pattern n.图案
fence n.栅栏，围栏；篱笆
foreground n.（图片或照片的）前景 songbird n.鸣禽
overhead adv.在头顶上；在空中
set fire to 放火烧……
hut n.（简陋的）小屋；棚屋；茅舍
transform v.转化，转变
instantly adv.立即，马上
recognisable adj.能辨认的，能认出的 dialect n.方言，地方话
cockney n.伦敦东区土话
tell...apart 区分开
matter v.重要，要紧；有关系
as long as 只要
count v.很重要；很有价值
trace n.痕迹，踪迹
unique adj.独一无二的；独特的lie in 在于
intonation n.语调
author n.作家，作者
ancestor n.祖先，前辈
apostrophe n.表示所有格的撇号
link n.联系
rhythm n.节奏；韵律
bilingual adj.双语的，会讲两种语言的 debate n.讨论；辩论
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——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
complain v.抱怨；不满
telegraph n.电报
media n.新闻媒体，传媒
revolution n.革命
investigate v.调查
flavour n.特点，特色；情调
acquire v.得到，获得
convinced adj.确信的，信服的telecommunication n.（常复）电信
in conclusion 总之
furthermore adv.此外，而且
a huge number of 大量的 splendid adj.极好的；优秀的straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的 association n.联系
ambiguous adj.歧义的；含糊的 dilemma n.进退两难的境地；困难的抉择 explicit adj.清楚明白的；易于理解的figurative adj.比喻的；借喻的relevant adj.有关的；切题的absurd adj.荒谬的，荒唐的convey v.传达，传递
concept n.概念；观念
thus adv.因此；因而
get down to sth.开始做某事
clarify v.弄明白；澄清
tendency n.趋向；倾向
disorganised adj.杂乱无章的vague adj.不明确的；含糊的clumsy adj.笨拙的select v.挑选，选择
metaphorical adj.隐喻的；暗喻的 significance n.意义；含义
withdraw v.收回；撤销（说过的话）
reject v.拒绝接受
potential adj.潜在的；可能的abuse v.辱骂；恶语
offence n.得罪；使伤感情
statesman n.政治家
betray v.对……不忠
let sb.down 使某人失望
overcome v.征服；战胜
prayer n.祈祷文；悼词
oppose v.反对
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(SH8 M4 P53)新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
prejudice n.偏见；歧视
resist n.反抗；抵抗
conflict n.抵触；冲突
moral n.寓意；教育意义
superior adj.更好的；更强的status n.地位
classify v.将……分类
sex n.性别
approval n.赞许；赞成 curiosity n.好奇心
fascination n.着迷，迷恋；吸引力
tone n.语气；音调
initially adv.起初
candidate n.投考者，应考人
spin-off n.附带的结果；副产品
leap n.飞跃，跳跃
joint adj.共同的；联合的 Mars n.火星
Jupiter n.木星
Aldebaran n.毕宿五，金牛座中的红色巨星 probe n.宇宙探测器，航天探测器
Saturn n.土星
accustomed adj.习惯的 shuttle n.航天飞机
historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的 tune v.收看（电视）；收听（广播）witness v.目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历
assume v.假定，假设
patience n.耐心
in spite of 不管
advanced adj.高级的，先进的at the very beginning of 在……一开始的时候 burst v.爆炸
depend v.依靠；取决于
planet n.行星
view v.看，观察
ultraviolet adj.紫外线的 Phoebe 土卫九
Titan 土卫六（土星卫星中最大的一颗）
decade n.十年
a series of 一系列的；一连串的acknowledge v.承认；认为
random adj.任意的；随机的backwards adv.向后地；倒退地
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(SH8 M5 P67)新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
deed n.行为
(SH8 M5 P67)knight n.骑士，武士
(SH8 M5 P67)tension n.紧张关系
(SH8 M5 P67)autonmous adj.自治的；有自治权的(SH8 M5 P67)defeat n.失败
(SH8 M5 P67)authority n.权力；权威
(SH8 M5 P67)accuse v.指责
(SH8 M5 P67)accuse sb.of doing sth.指责某人某事
(SH8 M5 P67)swear v.起誓保证
(SH8 M5 P67)avenge v.替……报仇，报复
(SH8 M5 P67)sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛
(SH8 M5 P67)latter n.（刚提及的两个人或物之中的）后一个，——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
dramatic adj.给人深刻印象的；戏剧性的(SH8 M5 P69)invasion n.入侵
(SH8 M5 P69)alien n.外星人
(SH8 M5 P69)impact n.影响，作用
(SH8 M5 P69)observation n.观察；监视
(SH8 M5 P69)inescapable adj.不可避免的(SH8 M5 P69)assumption n.假定，假设
(SH8 M5 P69)vanguard n.先头部队
(SH8 M5 P69)set in motion 使某事开始
(SH8 M5 P69)underway adj.在进行中的(SH8 M5 P69)hysteria n.歇斯底里
(SH8 M5 P69)newsflash n.新闻快讯
(SH8 M5 P69)mounting adj.越来越强烈的(SH8 M5 P69)deliberately adv.蓄意地，故意地
(SH8 M5 P69)set out 开始做；着手进行
(SH8 M5 P69)acquaintance n.相识的人；泛泛之交
(SH8 M6 P71)farewell n.告别
(SH8 M6 P71)bar v.摒除；阻挡
(SH8 M6 P71)gird v.围绕
(SH8 M6 P71)thistledown n.蓟种子冠毛（蓟种子上的软翅，可帮助种子飘浮在空中）
(SH8 M6 P71)part v.分手；分离
(SH8 M6 P71)steed n.骏马
(SH8 M6 P71)neigh v.（马）嘶鸣
(SH8 M6 P71)seed n.种子
(SH8 M6 P71)dynasty n.朝；代
(SH8 M6 P72)expansion n.扩张
(SH8 M6 P72)tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的(SH8 M6 P72)cosmopolitan adj.兼容并包的(SH8 M6 P72)Persian n.波斯人
(SH8 M6 P72)Arab n.阿拉伯人
(SH8 M6 P72)Jew n.犹太人
(SH8 M6 P72)Buddhism n.佛教
(SH8 M6 P72)astronomy n.天文学
(SH8 M6 P72)shadow n.影子，阴影
(SH8 M6 P72)altitude n.高度；海拔
(SH8 M6 P72)specialist n.专家
(SH8 M6 P72)share v.分享，共享
(SH8 M6 P72)advance n.进步；进展
(SH8 M6 P73)syllable n.音节
(SH8 M6 P73)failure n.失败者
(SH8 M6 P73)suffering n.（肉体或精神上的）痛苦；苦难
(SH8 M6 P73)corruption n.腐败；堕落
(SH8 M6 P73)merchant n.商人
(SH8 M6 P73)新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
irregular adj.不规则的；无规律的(SH8 M6 P73)realist n.现实主义作家
(SH8 M6 P73)romantic n.浪漫主义作家
(SH8 M6 P73)take hold of 抓住
(SH8 M6 P73)reflection n.倒影
(SH8 M6 P73)mental adj.内心的；精神上的(SH8 M6 P74)alcohol n.酒精；白酒
(SH8 M6 P76)daffodil n.水仙花
(SH8 M6 P77)flutter v.飘扬，飘动；拍打（翅膀）
(SH8 M6 P77)breeze n.微风，和风
(SH8 M6 P77)long-term adj.长期的(SH8 M6 P79)disorder n.混乱，失调；紊乱
(SH8 M6 P79)channel n.途径；渠道
(SH8 M6 P79)prove v.证明是；被发现是
(SH8 M6 P79)reveal v.揭示，揭露；显露
(SH8 M6 P80)cereal n.（燕麦片、玉米片等）谷类早餐食品(SH8 M6 P81)appeal n.魅力，吸引力
(SH8 M6 P81)glance v.一瞥；迅速看一眼
(SH8 M6 P81)upwards adv.向上；朝上
(SH8 M6 P81)surplus n.剩余；过剩
(SH8 M6 P81)approve n.赞成；同意
(SH8 M6 P81)approve of sth.赞成某事；满意某事
(SH8 M6 P81)sponsor n.赞助商
(SH8 M6 P81)expense n.费用
(SH8 M6 P81)launch v.开始，（积极有力地）着手进行
(SH8 M6 P81)damp adj.潮湿的(SH8 M6 P81)descend v.下来，下降
(SH8 M6 P81)barrier n.关卡
(SH8 M6 P81)shabby adj.肮脏破旧的(SH8 M6 P81)caution v.警告；劝……小心
(SH8 M6 P81)literary adj.文学的(SH8 M6 P81)bench n.（尤指户外的）长凳
(SH8 M6 P81)preview n.预观；预看
(SH8 M6 P81)departure n.启程；上路
(SH8 M6 P81)carriage n.客车车厢
(SH8 M6 P81)merry adj.欢快的
(SH8 M6 P81)chorus n.合唱；合唱曲
(SH8 M6 P81)a chorus of 异口同声的(SH8 M6 P81)realm n.王国，国度；领域，范围
(SH8 M6 P81)sonnet n.十四行诗（每行十个音节，韵律规范的诗体）
(SH8 M6 P81)arbitrary adj.任意的；随机的(SH8 M6 P81)cater v.满足需求
(SH8 M6 P81)cater for 满足……的要求
(SH8 M6 P81)homeland n.祖国；本国
(SH8 M6 P81)新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
——最专业的中小学教学资源共享平台
enterprise n.事业
(SH8 M6 P81)correspond v.通信
(SH8 M6 P81)correspond with 与……通信
(SH8 M6 P81)anniversary n.周年纪念日
(SH8 M6 P81)donate v.提供；捐
(SH8 M6 P81)update v.更新；刷新
(SH8 M6 P81)decorate v.装点；美化
(SH8 M6 P81)whichever pron.无论哪个
(SH8 M6 P81)zone n.地区；区域
(SH8 M6 P83)independence n.独立
(SH8 M6 P83)imagination n.想象；空想
(SH8 M6 P83)typically adv.典型地，有代表性地；向来，一向(SH8 M6 P83)reflect v.反映，显示；表达
(SH8 M6 P83)surgeon n.外科医生
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新课标教学网（www.xiexiebang.com）精品资料
第三篇：外研版高中英语必修3课文原文及翻译-Module 5
高中英语课本必修三 重点课文英汉对照高效辅导
MODULE 5Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China中国古代的伟大人物及其发明
Philosophers of Ancient China中国古代的哲学家
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius(551BC-479BC)is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。孔子（公元前551--公元前479）是影响最大的哲学家。
He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受孔子学说的影响已长达两千多年。
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年，His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother.He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state.自小就丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。他成为儒家弟子，并在一个国家政府谋得很重要的职位。
However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned.For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius.He then became an adviser to another ruler.但是当他发现统治者并不听从他的建议时，他辞职了。好几年的时间，他周游列国，宣扬儒家学说。然后他又成为了另一个统治者的顾问。
He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.他晚年一直在准备记载他自己学说的书《孟子》。
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.孟子认为人区别于动物的本质就是人是性善的。
He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good.He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.他主张“仁政”、“王道”，提倡“民为重，君为轻”，反对暴政。
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。墨子于公元前476年出生于一个贫苦家庭。
He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.他因为不同寻常的服装和行为举止而出名。墨子创立了墨家学派，In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius.For example, he considered that government was most important.As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.他的理论在某些方面和孔子的理论相似。例如，他认为统治非常重要，因此他花了好多年努力寻找一个人们愿意听从他的理论的国家。
Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.墨子认为人人都是平等的，他主张的“兼爱”与孔子的“仁爱”不同。
Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.He hated the idea of war.Mozi died in 390 BC.墨子认为我们必须爱护所有的人，照顾比我们弱小的人。墨子反对统治者发动的侵略战争。墨子逝世于公元前390年。
第四篇：外研版高中英语必修3课文原文及翻译-Module 4
高中英语课本必修三 重点课文英汉对照高效辅导
MODULE 4 Sandstorms in Asia亚洲沙尘暴
Sandstorms in Asia亚洲沙尘暴
Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.几个世纪以来，沙尘暴已经成为很多亚洲国家的严重灾害。
Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.科学家已经想了很多办法来解决这个问题，在中国，已经开展了一场帮助解决沙尘暴问题的大型战争。
Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand.They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.沙尘暴是带有沙石和尘土的强大而干燥的风。沙尘暴通常很浓密以至于人们都看不见太阳，有时候，风的强度大到可以掀动沙丘。
The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia.Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.世界上四个主要的有沙尘暴的地方是：亚洲中部、北美、非洲中部和澳大利亚。来自内蒙古的任建波描述了他小时候在沙漠中经历过的一次严重的沙尘暴，“To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said.“There was nothing to be done.“被困在沙尘暴中是一种很可怕的经历，”他说，“什么也干不了, It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in.You just had to hope you'd survive.I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.” 那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况，你只能希望自己能够幸存，我原以为我会消失在沙石底下。”
Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia.Sandstorms begin in desert areas.中国西北是亚洲中央沙尘暴中心的一部分。沙尘暴开始于沙漠地带，Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.近年来因为“沙漠化”，中国发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。
This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.这是发生在由于气候变化以及人们砍伐树木、开垦草地等使得陆地变成沙漠时的过程。
Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust.有时候沙尘暴会影响北京，市民醒来时，发现昏黄的天空，狂风夹着黄沙在城里肆虐。
The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.暴风有时持续一整天，因为浓密的尘土降低了能见度，所以车辆等开得很慢。
The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.中国中央气象台在沙尘暴到达北京前的几个星期就能预见到，但是风暴的威力有时是惊人的。
When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out.Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, 当沙尘暴到达一个城市时，专家会建议人们不要出门。居住在北京的黄小梅说；
“To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.The winds are very strong.It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask.”
“在沙尘暴中骑车是很可怕的，风力非常强，很难呼吸，而且尘土会让我得病，所以如果你想出门，最好带上面罩。”
The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing.To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.沙漠位于北京西边距离北京仅仅250千米，为了防止沙漠进一步向北京延伸，政府正在植树。
Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.目前政府已经种了超过三十亿棵树，而且计划在接下来的五年中继续植树。
第五篇：高中英语外研选修7课文翻译 西蒙
西蒙.韦克菲尔德的云南旅行日记
西蒙.韦克菲尔德大学毕业后去了云南旅游。下面摘录的是他的几则日记。
日记1
4月20日
我来云南已经两个月了，这里多姿多彩的风景仍然令我惊讶不已。南部的西双版纳是典型的热带气候，但现在我却在西北部的丽江。丽江一半是新城，一半是古城。古城依山而建，对面是海拔5，500米的玉龙雪山，山顶覆盖白雪皑皑。这里的天空碧蓝如洗，我一生从未见过如此美景。
今天清晨，我走进山坡上一个美丽的公园，坐看古城慢慢地从睡梦中醒来。从上面俯看，古城就是一座由沟渠、小桥和鹅卵铺成的街巷构成的迷宫，游人极易迷失其中。三股溪流穿过古城，不管游人走到哪里，都能听见潺潺的流水。汽车禁止进入古城。走过一座座木石结构的老屋，你会感觉自己恍如走进了历史。
日记2
4月23日
这里是纳西族聚居区。一连几个下午，我坐在旧城广场的咖啡馆里，注视着来往的行人。他们有着迷人的民族文化。例如，管理纳西族社会的是妇女，而且近来还是由纳西族的妇女来继承全部财产。她们围成小圈坐在广场上，身背孩子，对游客丝毫不感兴趣。她们有在街中心围着桌子打扑克的习惯。纳西人仍然穿着传统的民族服装，妇女们穿着蓝色的衣裤，外面罩着蓝色或黑色的多褶围裙。
今天下午，我有幸遇到一位住在古城的纳西族老人。他大约八九十岁了，依然精力充沛。这位老人会说点英语，给我看了几首英译的纳西诗歌。这些诗读起来真是美极了！纳西语是唯一仍在使用的象形文字，已有一千多年的历史了。纳西人所信奉的造物主叫塔布，塔布助他们的始祖从魔蛋中孵出来。在10世纪编集的书里能找到关于这个传说的图画，今天的丽江仍然能见到这些书的抄本。
日记3
4月25日
丽江是一座画家和作家云集的古城，但是，纳西文化却尤以音乐闻名。纳西音乐世代相传，虽历经八个世纪仍保持原来的音韵。过去在纳西的富人当中，懂音乐才称得上真正的君子。我刚刚欣赏了纳西古乐的演奏。演出在木头搭建的大厅里举行，由纳西族男子表演，有些老人看起来足有一百多岁了！他们演奏的古曲有《水龙吟》、《一江风》、《山坡羊》等。他们演奏的音乐听起来时而像怨妇幽泣，时而像雪压树枝。听众既有外地游客也有当地百姓，一个个就像着了魔了似的，听得如痴如醉。
日记4
4月29日
再过一天我就要去昆明，然后从那里乘飞机回国了。这些日子令人难忘，我真的不愿离去。了解了这么多的纳西文化，现在我明白：人与人之间虽然有差异，但是，都会欢笑与哭泣，需要爱和友谊。无论起初我们看上去有多么不同，然而我们本质上是一样的，每个人都是平等的。
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