新核心大学英语阶梯阅读3段落信息匹配题原文及翻译

第一篇：新核心大学英语阶梯阅读3段落信息匹配题原文及翻译

                      Some Ways Artificial Intelligence 某些方面的人工智能 Will Affect Our Lives n n将影响我们的生活

A] Since the start of the 21st century,there's no question that mankind),因为21世纪的开始,毫无疑问,人类

has made tremendous strides into the field of robotics.已经取得巨大的进步在机器人技术领域。While moderm 而现代

robots can now replicate the movements and actions of humans,the 机器人现在可以复制人类的动作和行为

next challenge lies in teaching robots to think for themselves and react 下一个挑战在于教学机器人为自己思考和作出反应 to changing conditions.不断变化的环境。

The field of artificial intelligence promises 人工智能领域的承诺

to give machines the ability to think analytically,using concepts and 给机器分析思考的能力,使用的概念和

advances in computer science,robotics and mathematics.计算机科学的进步,机器人技术和数学。

B]While scientists have yet to realize the full potential of artificial B]虽然科学家还没有实现人工的全部潜力

intelligence,this technology will likely have far-reaching effects on 智慧,这种技术可能会产生深远的影响 human life in the years to come.人类生活在未来几年。

Read on to learn about some of the 请继续阅读,了解一些的

surprising ways in which artificial intelligence impacts on your life 令人惊讶的人工智能的方式影响你的生活

today,and see how it could change things in the future 今天,看看它如何在未来可能会改变事情 Taming the Weather nnniin 驯服天气nnniin C]Meteorologists(气象学家）analyze large volumes of data in order to C]气象学家(气象学家)为了分析大量的数据

predict the weather,yet even the most experienced weatherman isn't 预测天气,然而,即使是最有经验的气象员不是 always accurate.总是准确的。

Soon,scientists may be able to predict the weather 不久,科学家可以预测天气 / 66

                      ☺ ☺

better by using artificial intelligence software, which can sift through 更好的利用人工智能软件,可以筛选

complex data and spot patterns missed by the human eye.复杂的数据和位置模式错过了人类的眼睛。When this nn 当这个神经网络

software sees a big storm coming it will automatically issue alerts to 软件看到一个大风暴来临它会自动发出警报

warm residents and the media and this may help save lives nnn 温暖的居民和媒体某某,这可能帮助拯救生命

D]By increasing the accuracy of weather predictions,artificial intelligence D)通过提高天气预测的准确性,人工智能

software may also offer important benefits to crop development,forestry 软件也可能提供重要的好处作物开发、林业 and agriculture.和农业。

NASAtis even working on programs that will guide NASAtis甚至在项目指导工作

aircraft around potential storms and danger spots,even in remote areas, 飞机周围潜在的风暴和危险点,即使在偏远地区, which could increase the safety of air travel in the near future.这可能在不久的将来增加空中旅行的安全。Tackling Dangerous(or Boring)Tasks 应对危险(或无聊)的任务

E]If you have a robotic vacuum cleaner in your home,you're already E)如果你有一个机器人吸尘器在你家里,你已经

taking advantage of artificial intelligence to tackle one of life's more 利用人工智能应对生活的更多 tedious tasks.单调乏味的任务。

These devices not only clean your floor according to 这些设备不仅根据清洁你的地板上

schedule,but are also able to maneuver around obstacles like stairs 时间表,但也能够操作的障碍比如楼梯 furniture and even the cat.家具甚至猫。

Facilities with large turf areas,like golf 设施与大草地,像高尔夫球

courses,rely on similar technology to mow their lawns without the need 课程,依靠类似的技术不需要修剪草坪 for human intervention.人为干预。/ 66

                      The same technology may soon allow robots to 同样的技术可能很快让机器人

perform boring or repetitive tasks along an assembly line,or even sort 沿着装配线执行无聊或重复性的任务,甚至排序 trash and recycling at waste processing centers.垃圾和回收废物处理中心。

F]Artificial intelligence may also allow machines to perform tasks too F]人工智能可能也会允许机器执行任务

dangerous for humans,such as mining or firefighting.危险的人类,如采矿或消防。Some countries 一些国家

have already put smart robots to work disabling land mines and even 已经将智能机器人禁用地雷,甚至工作

handling radioactive materials in order to limit the risk to human workers 处理放射性物质以限制人类工人的风险 Saving the Planet 拯救地球

G)With artificial intelligence,scientists may soon be able to use robots G)与人工智能,机器人科学家也许很快就能使用

or other devices to clean up the environment and reduce the effects of 或其他设备清理环境,减少的影响 air and water pollution.空气和水的污染。

Advanced software programs will allow these 先进的软件程序将允许这些

achines to distinguish between biological organisms and potential achines区分生物有机体和潜力 ☺ ☺

pollutants like oil or hazardous waste.像石油或危险废物污染。Tiny microbes will consume 微小的微生物会消耗

waste products and leave good biological matter intact,minimizing 废物,让良好的生物物质完整,最小化 damage to the ccosystem.ccosystem受损。

H Smart software can also limit the effects of air pollution from H智能软件可以限制空气污染的影响 manufacturing and industrial processes.制造业和工业过程。As factories burn fuel,they 随着工厂燃烧燃料,他们 / 66

                      release byproducts in the form of carbon dioxide and other gases.Some 释放二氧化碳和其他形式的副产品gases.Some of these factories already use artificial intelligence programs to identify 这些工厂已经在使用的人工智能程序来识别

patterns during combustion and modify manufacturing processes to 在燃烧和修改生产过程模式 minimize pollution.减少污染。

Others rely on this software to capture dangerous 其他依赖这个软件来捕捉危险

chemicals before they enter the smokestack and end up in the air outside 化学物质在他们最终进入烟囱,外面的空气 Driverless Transport 无人驾驶运输

I] Imagine cars that warn you of potential obstacles to help you avoid 我想象汽车,提醒你帮助你避免潜在的障碍

accidents,or even allow you to sit back and take in the sites as they drive 事故,甚至让你坐下来的网站,因为他们开车 themselves.他们自己。

Artificial intelligence may soon make all this possible,using 人工智能可能很快使这一切成为可能,使用

cameras,sensors(传感器）and special software built into the vehicle 摄像头、传感器(传感器)和特殊的软件构建到车辆

Manufacturers already rely on this technology to make backing up and 制造商已经备份和依赖于这种技术

parking safer,while both the Toyota Prius“and certain Lexus”models 停车安全,而丰田普锐斯”和某些雷克萨斯”模型 can self-park at the touch of a button.可以在触摸一个按钮self-park。

J] Driverless trains carry passengers from city to city in Japan without the J]无人驾驶列车载客从没有在日本城市

need for human help,and self-driving cars may be closer than you think.In 需要人类的帮助,无人驾驶汽车也许比你think.In更近

2010,Google began testing its own line of driverless cars,which rely on 2010年,谷歌开始测试自己的无人驾驶汽车,这依赖

lasers and sensors to spot obstacles,interpret signs and interact with traffic 激光和传感器识别障碍,解释并与交通互动迹象 and pedestrians.和行人。

Artificial intelligence not only takes the responsibility 人工智能不仅负责

away from the driver,but also eliminates the danger of distracted driving 远离司机,还可以消除分心驾驶的危险 / 66

                      and boasts a reaction time much faster than that of any human.并拥有比任何人类的反应时间快得多。Pushing the Limits of Space Exploration 把太空探索的极限

K] In the near future,advances in artificial intelligence will allow scientists K)在不久的将来,人工智能的进步将允许科学家

to travel well beyond the limits of 20th-century space travel and explore 旅行远远超出极限的20世纪的太空旅行和探索 ☺ ☺

more of the universe beyond our solar system.Today.更多的太阳能system.Today超出了我们的宇宙。NASA relies on 美国宇航局的依赖

unmanned shuttles to xplore distant galaxies that would take yearst 无人驾驶航天飞机将yearst伊克斯托遥远的星系 for humans to reach.对人类。

Driverless land rovers also allow researchers to nnndiih 无人驾驶nnndiih路虎也允许研究人员

explore and photograph Mars and other planets,where inhospitable ndhnt 火星和其它行星探索和照片,荒凉ndhnt conditions make human exploration impossible.条件使人类探索成为不可能。These smart vehicles 这些智能车辆

sense obstacles,like craters,and find safe paths of travel around themii 感觉障碍,像火山口,找到环游themii的安全路径 before returning to the shuttle.然后返回航天飞机。

D Artificial intelligence technology will also help scientists react moreit D人工智能技术还将有助于科学家moreit反应 quickly to emergencies during manned flights.迅速在载人飞行紧急情况。For example,a radio 例如,一个收音机

message from Mars takes roughly 11 minutes to reach Earth.消息来自火星约11分钟到达地球。Rather than 而不是

waiting for advice from scientists on the ground when trouble arises.等科学家的建议在地面上时,问题就会出现。

astronauts will work with onboard software systems to spot and prevent 宇航员将与机载软件系统发现和预防 / 66

                      problems before they happen.在问题发生之前。Protect Your Finances 保护你的财务状况

MI As of 2010,roughly half of world stock trades are driven by artif icial MI截至2010年,世界股票交易的大约一半是由artif icial intelligence-based software.智力的软件。

These programs rely on algorithms(算法）这些程序依赖于算法(算法)to spot patterns in the market and predict price changes based on theseli 现货市场模式和基于theseli预测价格变化 patterns.模式。

Some can even buy or sell shares based on these predictions, 一些甚至可以购买或出售股票基于这些预测, while others issue an alert to human brokers and advise them of the 而其他人类经纪人和建议他们发出一个警报 changes to come.的变化。

This technology results in better performance and 这项技术更好的性能和结果 improved returns for investors.nniin 提高回报investors.nniin N] Artificial intelligence software may soon be able to protect consumers N]人工智能软件也许很快就能保护消费者

from fraud by spotting changes in spending or credit card use.从发现欺诈消费或信用卡使用的变化。If cards 如果卡片

are lost or accounts are breached,the program can shut down the 丢失或账户违反,程序可以关闭了吗

account and alert the holder of a potential problem to help limit losses 账户和警报的持有者潜在的问题来帮助限制损失 Staying Safc n 保持Safc n O]Artificial intelligence technology will soon help keep your family safe O)人工智能技术将很快帮助保持你的家人安全

by protecting it from intemational threats as well as home burglaries 通过保护它从国际威胁以及入室盗窃 ☺ ☺ The U.S.美国 / 66

                      Department of Homeland Security relies on virtual smart 国土安全部依靠虚拟智能

agents to supplement its human workforee,or to replace an agent 代理来补充其人力workforee或替换一个代理 when he or she is unavailable.当他或她是不可用。

The agency also incorporates artificial 该机构还包括人工

intelligence software into its monitoring systems,which scan phone 智能软件的监控系统,扫描手机 calls and other communications.电话和其它通讯。

These programs can sift through large 这些项目可以筛选

volumes of data quickly and are even capable of distinguishing between 卷的数据快速、甚至能区分

casual conversation and potential threat.随意的谈话和潜在的威胁。

P]Homes equipped with smarter security systems alert the homeowners P]房屋配备智能安全系统通知业主

and local law enforcement when an intruder enters the properties.While 和地方执法当入侵者进入properties.While older systems simply relied on motion detectors and sensors,modern 旧系统仅仅依靠运动探测器和传感器,现代化

security includes artificial intelligence that allows the system tol 安全包括人工智能,它允许系统托尔

distinguish between occupants and unknown persons.(.区分居住者和未知的人。(。122 words)122字)(1)In the near future,scientists will explore the universe beyond our solar(1)在不久的将来,科学家们将探索宇宙超越我们的太阳能 system because of advances in artificial intelligence 因为先进的人工智能系统

(2)Some factories use smart software to minimize pollution,while others use(2)一些工厂使用智能软件将污染降至最低,而其他人使用

this software to capture dangerous chemicals before they end up in the air 这个软件之前捕捉危险化学品在空气中 outsidee 外部的

(3)The robotic vacuum cleaner not only cleans your floor according to(3)机器人吸尘器不仅清洗你的根据

schedule,but is also able to maneuver around obstacles like stairs,furniture 时间表,但也能够操作障碍和楼梯一样,家具 / 66

                      and even the cat.甚至猫。

(4)Since the start of the 21st century,mankind has made great progress(4)以来的21世纪,人类已经取得了很大的进步 into the field of robotics.机器人技术领域。

For example,modern robots can now copy the 例如,现代机器人现在可以复制

movements and actions of humans nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnniint 人类nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnniint动作和行动(5)The U.S.(5)美国

Department of Homeland Security depends on artif icial 国土安全部取决于artif icial intelligence technology to supplement work alongside its human workforce.智能技术与人类的劳动力补充工作。

or to replace an agent when he or she is unavailable.或替换一个代理当他或她是不可用。

(6)HHomes equipped with modem security systems include artificial intelligence(6)HHomes配备现代安全系统包括人工智能 ☺ ☺

that allows the system to distinguish between occupants and unknownl 允许系统区分居住者和unknownl persons.人。

(7)Artificial intelligence technology can help protect your family from nn(7)人工智能从神经网络技术可以帮助保护你的家人 intenational threats and from home burglaries in the future.将来在家和国际威胁和盗窃。

(8)Self-driving cars which rely on lasers and sensors to spot obstacles,(8)自动驾驶汽车,依赖于激光和传感器识别障碍, interpret signs and interact with traffic and pedestrians will appear in our 解释符号和与交通和行人将出现在我们的互动 lives in the near future.生活在不久的将来。

(9)Artificial intelligence software can help to increase the accuracy of weather(9)人工智能软件可以帮助提高天气预报的准确性 predictions 预测

(10)Artificial intelligence software may soon be able to protect consumers(10)人工智能软件也许很快就能保护消费者

from fraud by spotting changes in spending or credit card use 从发现欺诈消费或信用卡使用的变化 / 66

     Notes 笔记

ONASA:(National Acronautics and Space Administration)关国国家航 ONASA:(国家Acronautics和宇宙航行局)关国国家航 空航天局。空航天局。Prius:普锐斯，丰田汽车公司产品系列之一 2普锐斯:普锐斯,丰田汽车公司产品系列之一 ③Lexus：雷克萨斯，丰田汽车公司产品系列之一 ③雷克萨斯:雷克萨斯,丰田汽车公司产品系列之一

          Nuclear 核

A However radiation i a fact of ife--we are all exposed to radation 然而辐射我的人生——我们都暴露于radation from natural sources every day-and the various uses of nuclear energy 从自然资源每天各种利用核能

contribute only a small addition to that natural radiation.贡献很小,天然辐射。What is radiation? 辐射是什么? B.B。

In the broadest sense,radiation is energy that is transmitted in the form 在最广泛的意义上,辐射是能量传播的形式 of waves or particles.波或粒子。

There are many types of radiation.有许多类型的辐射。Visible light is / 66

可见光是

                      the most obvious.最明显的。

Microwaves,radio waves,and television signals are 微波、无线电波和电视信号

other forms of radiation that are common in our daily lives.其他形式的辐射在我们的日常生活中很常见。These are al 这是阿尔

non-ionizing radiation.非电离辐射。

nnnnnnnnnn nnnnntint nnnnnnnnnn nnnnntint CIThe various types of radiation associated with the use of nuclear cnergy CIThe各种类型的辐射与核cnergy的使用 ☺ ☺

are categorized as ionizing radiation.分为电离辐射。

That means the radiation has 这意味着辐射

sufficient chergy to produce ions when it interacts with matters,i.e.it 足够chergy产生离子相互作用问题,i.e.it can eject an electron from an atom.可以从一个原子逐出一个电子。

D]A simplified picture of an atom has a nucleus composed of protons D]一个简化的照片一个原子的原子核由质子

and neutrons,surrounded by clectrons orbiting like the planets around 和中子,周围clectrons轨道周围的行星 the sun.太阳。

The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic 原子核中的质子数决定了原子

number,which gives the atom or element its characteristics,while the 数,使原子或元素的特征,而

total of the protons and neutrons determines the atomic weight.Many 总原子weight.Many质子和中子的决定了

elements have different isotopes which,because they have the same 元素有不同的同位素,因为他们有相同的

number of protons,are identical,physically and chemically,but have 数量的质子,是相同的,物理和化学,但是

different numbers of neutrons and therefore differ in atomic weight.不同数量的中子,因此不同原子量。

E]Most elements or nuclides found in nature are stable but a few are / 66

E]大多数元素或核素在自然界发现的是稳定的,不过也有少数

                      radioactive;that is,they emit radiation as they decay to a stable form.放射性的;也就是说,他们放出辐射衰减稳定形式。

Example are uranium,radium and a nuclide we all have in our bodies.例子是铀、镭和核素我们都有我们的身体。

potassium-40*,one of the isotopes of naturally occurring potassium.40 *的一个同位素天然钾。

F]These radioactive nuclides emit forms of radiation often referred to as a F]这些放射性核素发出的辐射通常被称为形式 nuclear radiation.核辐射。

There are three basic types of nuclear radiation:alpha 有三种基本类型的核辐射:α

particles;beta particles and gamma rays.β粒子,粒子和伽马射线。Alpha particles are produced 阿尔法粒子产生

from the radioactive decay of heavy clements such as uranium.从等重型克莱门茨铀的放射性衰变。They are 他们是

composed of two neutrons and two protons identical to the nucleus of 由两个质子和两个中子相同的核心 a helium atom.一个氦原子。

Because of their relative size and electrical charge from 因为它们的相对大小和电荷

the two protons,alpha particles can travel only a very short distance 两个质子,阿尔法粒子可以旅行只有很短的距离 in any material.在任何材料。

For example a normal sheet of paper can stop alpha 例如一个正常的纸可以停止α particles.nnnn particles.nnnn G]Beta particles are electrons that come from transformation of a neutron G)β粒子是电子来自一个中子的变换 in the nucleus of an atom to a proton.原子的原子核中质子。

They can travel up to about five 他们可以旅行大约5 meters in air and one centimeter in tissue.米在空气中,在组织1厘米。

H]Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation similar to X-rays./ 66

H]伽马射线是电磁辐射类似于x射线。

                      Unlike the 不像 ☺ ☺

latter,which are produced by machines,gamma rays are emitted from 后者是由机器,发出伽马射线

the nucleus of a radioactive atom that is in an excited state.Gamma 细胞核的放射性原子state.Gamma的兴奋

rays travel at the speed of light and can penetrate long distances in air 射线旅行以光的速度在空气中,可以穿透很长一段距离 and tissue.和组织。

Several centimeters of lead or meters of water are needed to 几厘米的铅或米的水需要

stop typical gamma rays such as those from cobalt-60,which is used for 阻止典型的伽马射线如钴60,用于 cancer therapy 癌症治疗

What are the sources of nuclear radiation? 核辐射的来源是什么? 1]Most of the radiation we receive comes from natural sources.These 1)大部分的辐射sources.These我们收到来自自然

include cosmic rays from space and naturally occurring radioactive 包括来自太空的宇宙射线和天然放射性 elements.元素。

The largest source is from radon”,a gaseous radioactive 最大的来源是放射性气体氡”

daughter product from the decay of radium.女儿从镭的衰变产物。Radon decays to solid 氡衰变到固体

radioactive particles which,if inhaled,can remain in our lungs or 放射性粒子,如果吸入,可以留在我们的肺 respiratory tracts.呼吸道。

Since radium is present in many rocks,radon is 因为镭是出现在许多岩石,氡 very pervasive.非常普遍。

Outside,radon is dispersed,but in buildings,the radon 外面,氡是分散的,但在建筑,氡

that comes from building materials or from the surrounding earth can / 66

来自建筑材料或从周围的地球

                      accumulate to significant levels 积累显著水平

J]The next significant source of ionizing radiation is from medical diagnosis J]第二电离辐射来自医疗诊断的重要来源 and treatment.和治疗。

X-rays are common for many medical examinations and 许多医学检查和x射线是常见的

various radioisotopes are used in a wide number of diagnostic procedures 各种放射性同位素用于广泛的诊断程序

High energy X-rays,accclerator beams and gamma radiation from 高能x射线,accclerator梁和伽马辐射

cobalt-60*are used for the treatment of cancer.钴60 *用于治疗癌症。In this case,large doses of 在这种情况下,大剂量的

radiation are given deliberately to the cancerous tissue while avoiding.辐射有故意癌组织,同时避免。

as much as possible,the surrounding healthy tissues.尽可能多的,周围的健康组织。

K]Finally,X-rays and radioactive elements are used in various industrial K)最后,x射线和放射性元素被用于各种工业

processes such as radiography,for measurement,and in research.Irradiation 过程,如摄影,测量,和research.Irradiation facilities using large quantities of cobalt-60 are used for the sterilization of 设施使用大量的钴60用于灭菌的

medical equipment and,in many countries,for the irradiation of food 医疗设备,在许多国家,辐照的食品 to kill dangerous organisms.杀死危险的生物。

Nuclear reactors produce radiation and 核反应堆产生辐射和 ☺ ☺

radioactive clements through the fission process but these are confined 放射性克莱门茨通过裂变过程,但这些限制 by shielding and containment.保护和控制。

How is radiation measured? 如何测量辐射? D]Because of its ionizing propertics,nuclear radiation is relatively easy to D]由于其电离propertics,核辐射是相对容易的 measure./ 66

衡量。

                      The basic unit of radiation dose is the „gray'.However,since 辐射剂量的基本单位是“灰色”，various forms of ionizing radiation have different effects on the human 各种形式的电离辐射对人类有不同的影响

body,a special unit of measurement for radiation dose to humans is 的身体,特别对人体辐射剂量的测量单位

used,the sievert,which takes into account these differences.使用,西韦特,考虑这些差异。Since the 自

sievert is a relatively large value,typical levels of dose are cxpressed in 西韦特是一个相对较大的值,典型的剂量cxpressed在水平millisieverts,one-thousandth of a sievert 毫西弗,1000西韦特

What are the effects of radiation? 辐射的影响是什么? MI Like many other things,the effect of radiation depends on the dose.MI和许多其他东西一样,取决于辐射剂量的影响。

Very large doses,in the order of 5 000 millisievert or more,can be 非常大的剂量,在5 000毫西弗以上的顺序,可以 lethal.致命的。

Smaller doses can produce cancer after many years.多年后小剂量可以产生癌症。There is still 仍有

uncertainty about the effect of very small doses such as we receive from 不确定性的影响非常小剂量等我们收到 man-made sources.人为来源。

In many locations in the world the dose of radiation 在世界上许多地方的辐射剂量

from natural sources is many times that of the average given above.从自然资源平均上面给出的许多倍。

yet there is no evidence that the people living in those areas have any 然而,没有证据表明这些地区的居民

increased rate of cancer or other undesirable effects.增加的癌症或其他不良影响。Recent research 最近的研究

in Japan and France has shown that small doses of radiation can be 在日本和法国已经表明,小剂量的辐射 beneficial in the treatment of disease./ 66

有利于疾病的治疗。

                      BN] The effects of radiation on humans have been studied extensively.BN)辐射对人类的影响已被广泛的研究。

both at the biological level and through cpidemiology.在生物层面上和通过cpidemiology。Among the 在

epidemiological studies,the largest has been that of the Japanese 流行病学研究中,最大的是日语

survivors of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasak 广岛原子弹爆炸的幸存者和Nagasak This has provided the basis for regulatory standards around the world.这提供了全球监管标准的基础。

In addition,there have been studies of uranium miners,of workers who 此外,有研究铀的矿工,工人

used radioactive paint in the 1920s,of those exposed to the fallout from 使用放射性油漆在1920年代,这些暴露的影响 ☺ ☺

the Chernobyl accident of 1986,and many others.1986年的切尔诺贝利事故,和许多其他人。

O]Regulations in all developed nations ensure that the radiation dose O)规定在所有发达国家确保辐射剂量

received by the public or workers from manmade sources is very small.受到公众或工人人为来源非常小。

In Canada,the maximum allowable dose to members of the public from 在加拿大,公众的最大容许剂量 any nuclear activity is I mSv per year.任何核活动是每年我毫西弗。In practice,the actual dose is less 在实践中,实际剂量更少

than one-hundredth of that.(1.062 wordy 比一百。(1.062冗长

(1)Radon,the largest source of radiation we encounter,comes from building(1)氡辐射我们遇到的最大来源,来自建筑 materials or from the surrounding earth 材料或地球周围

(2)Although certain doses of radiation do harm to our body,recent research in(2)尽管特定剂量的辐射伤害我们的身体,最近的研究

Japan and France has shown that small doses of radiation can be beneficial 日本和法国已经表明,小剂量的辐射可以是有益的 in the treatment of disease.在疾病的治疗。

(3)X-rays,a source of ionizing radiation,are common for many medical / 66

(3)x射线,电离辐射的来源,为许多医学是很常见的

                examinations and various radioisotopes are used in a wide number of 考试和各种放射性同位素在广泛的使用 diagnostic procedures.诊断程序。

(4)Emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom,gamma rays travel at the(4)发出一个放射性原子的原子核,伽马射线旅行时

speed of light and can penetrate long distances in air and tissue.光速和长途可以穿透空气和组织。

(5)In our daily lives,we find many forms of non-ionizing radiation that(5)在日常生活中,我们发现许多形式的非电离辐射 include microwaves,radio waves,and television signals.包括微波、无线电波和电视信号。

(6)Smaller doses of man-made radiation may produce cancer after many years.(6)小剂量的人造辐射多年后可能会产生癌症。

(7)X-rays can also be used in various industrial processes,for measurement.(7)x射线,也可用于各种工业过程测量。

and for the irradiation of food to kill dangerous organisms.和辐照食品杀死危险的生物。

(8)Alpha particles which are produced from the radioactive decay of heavy(8)阿尔法粒子的放射性衰变产生的重

elements can travel only a very short distance in any material.元素可以旅行在任何材料只有很短的距离。

(9)A simplified picture of an atom has a nucleus composed of protons and(9)一个简化的照片一个原子的原子核由质子和

neutrons,surrounded by electrons orbiting like the planets around the sun.中子,电子轨道环绕行星围绕太阳。

110)Regulations in all developed nations make sure that the radiation dose 110)规定在所有发达国家确保辐射剂量

received by the public or workers from manmade sources is very small 受到公众或工人人为来源非常小 ☺ ☺ / 66

                      Eat More Fish;Risks Overstated 多吃鱼;风险被夸大了

A] Nutritional advice is usually straightforward.营养建议通常是简单的。There are things we're 我们有事情

supposed to eat more of:vegetables,fruit,whole grains.应该多吃蔬菜、水果、全谷物。There are things 有些事情

we're supposed to eat less of:trans fats“,added sugars,anything coated 我们应该少吃:反式脂肪”,添加糖,任何涂层 with salty orange dust.与咸橙色的尘埃。And then there's fish.然后还有鱼。

We're supposed to cat 我们应该只猫

more of it because it has healthful omega-3 fats”.更多的因为它有健康的ω-3脂肪”。But we're supposed to 但我们应该

eat less of it because it's full of environmental contaminants.Balancing 少吃它,因为它的环境contaminants.Balancing the risks and benefits is hard,even for the doctors and scientists in the 风险和收益是困难的,甚至的医生和科学家 field.字段。

Lacking sound advice,it's all but impossible for those of us trying 缺乏合理的建议,都是不可能的尝试 simply to decide what's for dinner.只是决定晚餐吃什么。B.B。

Consider salmon.考虑鲑鱼。

According to the joint advisory issued by the Food 根据联合咨询发布的食品

and Drug Administration“and the Environmental Protection Agencyt, 药品监督管理局”和环境保护Agencyt / 66

                      salmon is low in mercury(水银）and safe even for pregnant women.三文鱼是低汞(水银)和安全甚至对孕妇。

Yet the Environmental Defense Fund,an advocacy group,suggests that 然而,环境保护基金会,一个游说团体,表明

all adults-not just pregnant women-limit wild salmon(except for 所有成年人只是怀孕women-limit野生鲑鱼(除了

Alaskan)to one serving per month and farmed salmon to no more than 阿拉斯加)一份每月不超过和养殖鲑鱼 two,because of PCB contamination.2、由于PCB污染。

This kind of disparity raises two 这种差异引发了两个

questions:what do we know about fish,and what do we know about the 问题:我们知道鱼,我们知道 advice we're getting about fish? 建议我们把鱼? C]We certainly know that there are benefits from eating fish and risks from C]我们当然知道有好处从吃鱼和风险 eating contaminants.吃的污染物。

The advantages are mostly attributed to long-chain 的优点主要是由于长链

omega-3s,polyunsaturated fats that are found in almost all fish,and ω-3脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪中发现几乎所有的鱼,和 almost exclusively in fish.几乎只在鱼。

The best-established benefits are reduction 最有成就的好处是减少

of heart disease risk and,in the case of pregnant women,improved 患心脏病的风险,在孕妇的情况下,改善

neurodevelopment(神经发育）in fetuses(船儿）and young children.But 在胎儿神经发育(神经发育)(船儿)和年轻children.But there's also a slate of less well-established benefits,ranging from reduced 还有一个石板的完善的福利,从降低 stroke risk to mood elevation.中风的风险情绪提升。

D)The risks come from mercury and PCBs,both byproducts of industrial D)的风险来自汞和多氯联苯,工业的副产品 processes.流程。

These contaminants accumulate in fish tissue;they become 这些污染物积聚在鱼组织,他们成为

more concentrated as you go up the food chain as the bigger fish eat 更多的集中在食物链的大的鱼吃 / 66

                       smaller,contaminated fish.小,受污染的鱼。

Fish are the only predators we eat regularly, 我们经常吃鱼是唯一的捕食者, and long-lived predator species such as swordfish and tilefish generally 和长寿的食肉动物物种如剑鱼和方头鱼 have the highest contaminant levels.污染物最高水平。

Fish are also contaminated with 鱼也污染了

dioxins,which are a byproduct of incineration(火葬).二恶英,焚烧的副产品(火葬)。But that concen 但这农用地

intt fish-specifie because dioxins are found up and down the food 上下intt fish-specifie因为二恶英是发现食物

thain and wwe get more dhoxins from meat and airy than fronm fishnnntint 塞恩和wwe得到更多dhoxins从肉类和艾里fronm fishnnntint e In recent years, several scientific organization's have tried to weieh it近年来,一些科学组织试图weieh它

the risks of cating fish against the benefitsFor pregnant women,their ih 介质的风险鱼对benefitsFor孕妇、婴幼儿血管瘤

advice is in line with that of the well-known FDA/EPA joint advisor mt 著名的建议是符合FDA /环保局联合顾问太

lssued in 2004:eat up to 12 ounces of fish per week,focusing on low-hhh 2004年lssu:每周吃12盎司的鱼,关注低收入终极战士

mercury fish and avoiding the four highest-mercury fish(swordfish.汞和避免四个汞鱼(旗鱼。shark,tilefish and king mackerel).鲨鱼、方头鱼和鲭鱼)。For other adults.对于其他成年人。the advice could be nnt 建议可以例数十分 summarized as eat fish”.概括为吃鱼”。

Dariush Mozaffarian of the Harvard Schoo Dariush哈佛商学院的研究

of Public Health,a member of the FAO/WHO panel,sums up the state 公共卫生的粮农组织/世卫组织专家小组的成员,总结

of fish science:“As long as you're not a pregnant woman,the evidence 鱼的科学:“只要你不是孕妇,证据 / 66

                      suggests that the balance is always toward net benefit.表明,平衡总是向净效益。”Although it's “虽然这是

theoretically possible that a fish could be so high in contaminants and 理论上,一条鱼可以如此之高的污染物

low in omega-3s that it could do you more harm than good,no such 低的ω-3脂肪酸,它可以做你弊大于利,没有这样的 fish has been found.鱼被发现。

Even so,if you eat more than two servings of fish 即便如此,如果你多吃两次鱼

per week,his group advises that you don't always eat the same type,soi 每一周,他的小组建议你不要总是吃同样的类型,soi you're not eating one contaminant over and over 你不是吃一污染物

FISo why aren't we all just eating fish and not worrying about it?Because FISo我们为什么不吃鱼,不担心吗?因为

of warnings such as those from the Environmental Defense Fund.Its 环境保护的警告如Fund.Its guide to fish consumption lists 21 species of which adults should eat 鱼类消费指南列出了21种的成年人应该吃

no more than one serving per month,and that's “assuming no other 每月不超过一个服务,这是“假设没有其他 contaminated fish is consumed.受污染的鱼被消耗。

““We have smart,well-meaning scientists ”“我们有聪明,善意的科学家

who have been educated in this framework,in which you assess risk and 一直在这个框架,评估风险和吗 come up with tolerable intakes.想出容许摄入量。”Someone says.”有人说。

But that's the wrong 但这是错误的

framework,he says,because you don't eat pure contaminants,you eat 框架中,他说,因为你不吃纯污染物,你吃的东西 fish,and you can't get the risks without the benefits 鱼,你不能没有利益的风险

G]There is another problem with risk-only advisories:the issues with the G)风险报告的另一个问题:问题

FDA/EPA safe thresholds for mercury and PCBs.FDA / EPA汞和多氯联苯的安全阈值。/ 66

                      For mercury,that 汞, threshold is 0.阈值是0。

I micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day.For 我微克每千克体重每天大件

a 150-pound person,that would be fewer than seven micrograms a day 一个150磅重的人,这将是一天少于七个微克

For PCBs,it's a more complex calculation of cancer risk called a cancer 对多氯联苯来说,这是一个更复杂的计算癌症风险称为癌症 slope factor.斜率因子。

Both those numbers raise problems.这两个数字提高问题。The threshold for 的门槛

mercury was developed with reference to fetal neurodevelopment and.水星是参照胎儿神经发育和发展起来的。

because the EPA doesn't issue separate numbers for separate groups.因为美国环保署没有问题单独编号为独立的团体。

it set the threshold at the level advised for pregnant women,the most 它设置阈值水平建议孕妇,最多 vulnerable subset of the population.脆弱的子集的人口。

HI The PCB threshold was developed in 1997,from rat studies.Since 嗨PCB阈值是在1997年开发的,从老鼠studies.Since then,researchers have questioned the applicability of the data to human 然后,研究人员质疑数据的适用性

risk,and in 2003 a review of all available research concluded that“the 风险,2003年回顾所有可用的研究得出结论,“

weight of evidence does not support a causal association for PCBs and 重量的证据并不支持对多氯联苯和因果关联 human cancer.人类癌症。

“That conclusion was echoed in a follow-up 2009 study.“这一结论是回荡在2009年的后续研究。

So not only do the EDF warnings fail to account for the benefits of 所以不仅EDF警告不能占的好处

eating fish,they may also be overstating the risks.吃鱼时,他们也可能夸大了风险。And it's not just the 而且不只是

EDF:The Natural Resources Defense Council,Physicians for Social 法国电力公司(EDF):美国自然资源保护委员会,医生的社会 / 66

                       Responsibility and other groups issue similar warnings,and the EPA 责任和其他团体的问题类似的警告,美国环境保护署 thresholds underpin many guides to eating seafood.阈值支撑许多指南吃海鲜。The Monterey 蒙特雷

Bay Aquarium uses the EDF's evaluation to put red asterisks(星号）湾水族馆使用EDF的评价将红色星号(星号)next to fish whose consumption should be limited “due to concerns 旁边的鱼由于担忧的消费应该是有限的” about mercury or other contaminants.关于汞或其他污染物。” Many states put out similar “许多州相似

warnings,and a 2008 study of those advisories found that not a 警告,2008年的一项研究报告发现,不是一个

single one emphasized benefits as much as risks,and 25 percent of 一个强调利益尽可能多的风险,和25%的 advisories didn't mention benefits at all.报告没有提到的好处。Fitzgerald points out that the 菲茨杰拉德指出

data from peer-reviewed research don't tell the whole story of risk.数据来自同行评议研究不要告诉整个故事的风险。

There is anecdotal evidence for neurological(神经学的）problems from 神经,有传闻(神经学的)问题

consumption of mercury-mostly subtle neurological problems 消费mercury-mostly微妙的神经问题

including impairment of peripheral(神经未精区域的）vision, lack of 包括外围减损(神经未精区域的)视野,缺乏

coordination of movement and muscle weakness.协调运动和肌肉无力。And experts on both 和专家都

sides of this question agree that it is theoretically possible to get mercury 这个问题的同意,理论上是可以得到汞

poisoning from eating a lot of high-mereury fish.从很多high-mereury吃鱼中毒。We don't know how 我们不知道如何去做

much is too much,but it is more than Americans customarily eat.太多太多,但它是美国人通常吃多。/ 66

                      U But not eating fish is also dangerous.你但不吃鱼也是危险的。

As Mozaffarian and his colleagues 莫札法里恩和他的同事们

at Harvard point out,the risk of dying from heart disease is about 50 哈佛大学指出,死于心脏病的风险约为50 pereent higher among people who don't eat fish than among those who pereent中更高的人比那些不吃鱼

get one or two servings of a high-fat fish each weck.得到一个或两个份高脂肪鱼类每个尽情。Since the average 因为平均

American cats 15.8 pounds of fish and shellfish a year,the risk of too 美国的猫15.8磅的鱼类和贝类,太多的风险 little fish seems to be the bigger threat.小鱼似乎是更大的威胁。And it's a threat that those risk 这是一个威胁,这些风险

only advisories-and even some of the more balanced advisories-只报告和甚至一些更加平衡的建议

may be contributing by scaring people away from eating fish.可能会被吓跑的人贡献从吃鱼。

J Jay Shimshack,an assistant professor of economics at Tulane University J Jay Shimshack助理杜兰大学的经济学教授

in New Orleans,has studied consumer response to fish advisories.在新奥尔良,研究消费者对鱼警告。

particularly the 2001 FDA warning about mercury in fish,which had 特别是2001年FDA警告鱼中的汞,这

the unintended consequence of decreasing overall fish consumption-减少总体鱼消费——的意想不到的后果

not just of high-mercury fish,and not just among pregnant women.不仅对鱼,而不只是在怀孕妇女中。

Even when an advisory is carefully crafted and notes the benefits of 即使一个顾问精心和笔记的好处

fish,people take away a message of danger.鱼,人们带走危险的消息。“My research suggests that “我的研究表明

people may be overly focused on the negative aspects and not focused 人们可能会过于关注负面和不专注 on benefits,” says Shimshack.好处,”Shimshack说。

Mozaffarian notes that people tend to be 研究指出,人们倾向于 / 66

                      more frightened by the threat of a harm than encouraged by the promise 害怕被伤害的威胁比鼓励的承诺 of a benefit.的好处。

“People get confused;they get the wrong message.” “人们感到困惑,他们得到了错误的信息。”

K]While we're waiting for advisories to improve,the best advice is simply K)当我们等待报告改善,最好的建议就是简单

to eat fish;the data show that the benefits outweigh the risks.吃鱼,数据表明,利益大于风险。If you're 如果你

pregnant,follow the FDA/EPA guidelines.怀孕了,遵循FDA / EPA指导方针。If you're not,mix up your 如果你不是,我的混淆

species,and be sure to include smaller,bottom-of-the-food-chain fish.If 物种,一定要包括规模较小、bottom-of-the-food-chain fish.If you're an angler(垂钓者),check with local authorities for contaminant 你垂钓者(垂钓者),检查与当地有关部门的污染物

levels where you fish,and limit your consumption if those levels are Levels where you fish, and limit your consumption if those levels are 水平,鱼,如果这些水平是限制你的消费 Level, fish, if the level is to limit your spending high.(1.372 words)High.(1.372 words)高。High.(1.372字)(1.372)Abridged and revised from Abridged and revised the from 删节和修改

Abridged and modify http:// Risksoverstated / 2012/04/02 glQARwPNrS story.HTML(1)Unlike pregnant women,common people are advised to eat more fish as(1)Unlike pregnant women, the common people are advised to eat more fish as / 66

                     (1)不像孕妇,常见的建议人们多吃鱼类

(1)not as pregnant women, common advising people to eat more fish the benefits outweigh the risks.The benefits outweigh the risks.利益大于风险。

The benefits outweigh the risks.(2)Risks may be overstated by many scientists and organizations as accurate(2)the Risks may be overstated by many scientists and organizations as accurate(2)风险可能被夸大,许多科学家和组织准确

(2)the risk may be exaggerated, many scientists and organization is accurate evidence about possible danger has not been presented Evidence about possible danger from had been presented 证据可能的危险还没有提出

Evidence may be in danger of has not been put forward(3)Contradictory advice about eating fish is confusing people(3)the Contradictory advice about eating fish is confusing people(3)矛盾的建议吃鱼迷惑人

(3)the conflicting advice to eat fish deceive people(4)Eating meat and dairy produce can be more risky if we only take dioxins(4)Eating meat and dairy produce can be more risky if we only take dioxins(4)吃肉和乳制品风险更大,如果我们只拿二恶英

(4)meat and dairy products are more risky, if we only take the dioxin into consideration.Into consideration.要考虑进去。Into consideration.(5)No matter how carefully an advisory is crafted,people tend to be more nnnnnnit(5)No matter how carefully the an advisory is crafted, people tend to be more nnnnnnit(5)无论多么仔细咨询精心制作,人们往往更nnnnnnit(5)no matter how consulting carefully crafted, people tend to be more nnnnnnit frightened by the threat of a harm than encouraged by the promise of a Frightened by the--kyoui of a harm than encouraged by the promise of a 害怕被伤害的威胁比鼓励的承诺

The threat of a fear of being hurt than encourage commitment benefit The practice 好处 benefits(6)Eating fishing can help reduce people's risk of a stroke nnnnnnnint(6)Eating fishing can help reduce people 's risk of a stroke nnnnnnnint(6)吃钓鱼可以帮助减少人们nnnnnnnint中风的风险

(6)eating fish can help reduce the risk of people nnnnnnnint stroke(7)Some smart,well-meaning scientists might be misleading in cmphasizing(7)Some smart, well-a fancy scientists took be misleading in cmphasizing / 66

                     (7)有些聪明,善意的科学家可能在cmphasizing误导

(7)some clever, well-meaning scientists may in cmphasizing misleading the risks too much The risks too much 太多的风险 Too much risk(8)The mercury threshold is quite strict for pregnant women as they are the nntint(8)The mercury threshold is quite strict for pregnant women as they are The nntint(8)汞阈值对于孕妇是很严格的,因为他们是nntint Mercury(8)threshold for pregnant women is very strict, because they are nntint most vulnerable group of people.The most vulnerable group of people.最脆弱的一群人。

One of the most vulnerable group of people.(9)Smaller fish might be safer for people to cat.nnndiint(9)Smaller fish took be safer for people to the nnndiint(9)较小的鱼可能是人们cat.nnndiint更安全

(9)the smaller fish may be the people nnndiint safer(10)The problem for American people now is too little fish rather than too(1)The problem for American people now is too little fish rather than too(10)美国人现在面临的问题是鱼而不是太少

(10)americans now are faced with the problem of fish is not too little much.Much.多。More.Notes nnnnnnnn The Notes NNNNNNNN 指出nnnnnnnn Points out that NNNNNNNN ① Trans fats：反式脂肪。1)Trans fats: Trans fats.①反式脂肪:反式脂肪。1)trans fats: trans fats.2Omega-3 fats:在鱼类中富含的脂肪酸，有益于心血管健康。omega-3 fats: rich in fatty acids in fish, are beneficial to cardiovascular health.2ω-3脂肪:在鱼类中富含的脂肪酸,有益于心血管健康。

Omega-3 fats: rich in fatty acids in fish, are beneficial to cardiovascular health.3Food and Drug Administration：美国食品和药物管理局（FDA)。the food and Drug Administration: the United States food and Drug Administration(FDA).3食品和药物管理局:美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)。the food and drug administration: the United States food and drug administration(FDA).④ Environmenta Protection Agency：美国国家环保局(EPA)。

(4)Environmenta Protection Agency, the national environmental Protection bureau(EPA)./ 66

 ④环境保护署:美国国家环保局(EPA)。

(4)environmental protection agency, the national environmental protection bureau(EPA).             How Nanotechnology Works 纳米技术是如何工作的

A There's an unprecedented multidisciplinary convergence of scientists 一个有一个前所未有的多学科融合的科学家

dedicated to the study of a world so small,we can't see it-even with 致力于研究世界如此之小,我们看不到终端 a light microscope.光学显微镜。

That world is the field of nanotechnology,the realm 世界是纳米技术领域,领域 of atoms and nanostructures.原子和纳米结构。

Nanotechnology is so new that no one is 纳米技术非常新,没有人 really sure what will come of it.确定会来什么。

Even so,predictions range from the 即便如此,预测的范围

ability to reproduce things like diamonds and food to the world being 繁殖能力向世界钻石和食物

devoured by self-replicating nanorobots.被自我复制的纳米机器人。

B]In order to understand the unusual world of nanotechnology,we need B]为了了解纳米技术的不同寻常的世界,我们所需要的 to get an idea of the units of measure involved./ 66

了解所涉及的测量单位。

                       A centimeter is one-一厘米

hundredth of a meter,a millimeter is one-thousandth of a meter,and a 100米,一米的1000毫米,和一个

micrometer is one-millionth of a meter,but all of these are still huge 测微计是一米的1000000,但所有这些仍然是巨大的 compared to the nanoscale.而纳米尺度上。

A nanometer(nm)is one-billionth of a 纳米(纳米)是1000000000 meter,smaller than the wavelength of visible light and a hundred 米,小于可见光的波长和一百年 thousandth the width of a human hair.人类头发宽度的1000。As small as a nanometer is,it's 小如纳米是

still large compared to the atomic scale.还是大比原子尺度。An atom has a diameter of 一个原子的直径 about 0.对0。I nm.我海里。

An atom's nucleus is much smaller-about 0.00001 一个原子的原子核更要小——直径大概为0.00001 nm.nm。

Atoms are the building blocks for all matter in our universe.You 原子是所有物质的积木universe.You

and everything around you is made of atoms.和你周围的一切都是由原子构成的。Nature has perfected the 大自然已经完善了

science of manufacturing matter molecularly.科学的生产物质分子。For instance,our bodies 例如,我们的身体

are assembled in a specific manner from millions of living cells.Cells 组装在一个特定的方式从数百万生活cells.Cells are nature's nanomachines./ 66

是大自然的纳米机器。

                      At the atomic scale,elements are at their 在原子尺度,元素是在他们 most basic level.最基本的水平。

On the nanoscale we can potentially put these atoms 在纳米尺度上我们可以把这些原子 together to make almost anything.一起做几乎任何事情。

C] In a lecture called “Small Wonders: The World of Nanoscience C)在讲座《小奇迹:纳米科学的世界

Nobel Prize winner Dr.Horst Stormer said that the nanoscale is more 诺贝尔奖得主Dr.Horst发怒者说,纳米尺度上是更多

interesting than the atomic scale because the nanoscale is the first point 有趣的比原子尺度,因为纳米是第一点

where we can assemble something-it's not until we start putting 我们可以组装它直到我们开始吗

atoms together that we can make anything useful.原子聚集在一起,我们可以做任何有用的东西。The World of Nanotechnology 纳米技术的世界

D]Experts sometimes disagree about what constitutes the nanoscale but D]专家对什么是纳米级,但有时不同意

in general you can think of nanotechnology dealing with anything 一般情况下你可以把纳米技术处理任何事情 measuring between 1 and 100 nm.测量1到100纳米之间。Larger than that is the microscale, 比微尺度, and smaller than that is the atomic scale.和小于原子尺度。Nanotechnology is rapidly 纳米技术正在迅速

becoming an interdisciplinary field.成为一个跨学科的领域。

Biologists,chemists,physicists and 生物学家、化学家、物理学家和

engineers are all involved in the study of substances at the nanoscale.工程师都参与物质在纳米尺度上的研究。

Dr.Stormer hopes that the different disciplines develop a common Dr.Stormer希望不同学科共同发展

language and communicate with one another.语言和相互沟通。Only then,he says,can we / 66

只有到那时,他说,我们能

                       effectively teach nanoscience since you can't understand the world of 有效地教纳米科学,因为你无法理解的世界

nanotechnology without a solid background in multiple sciences 纳米技术在多个科学没有一个坚实的背景

E] One of the exciting and challenging aspects of the nanoscale is the role E)令人兴奋和具有挑战性的一个方面纳米尺度的作用 that quantum mechanics plays in it.量子力学在它。

The rules of quantum mechanics 量子力学的规则

are very different from classical physics,which means that the behavior 非常不同于经典物理,这意味着行为

of substances at the nanoscale can sometimes contradict common sense 物质在纳米尺度上有时会违背常识 by behaving erratically.行为举止变得怪异。

You can't walk up to a wall and immediately 你不能走到一堵墙,立即

eleport to the other side of it,but at the nanoscale an electron can-eleport到另一边,但是可以在纳米尺度上一个电子

it's called electron tunneling.它被称为电子隧穿。

Substances that are insulators,meaning 物质是绝缘体,意义

they can't carry an electric charge,in bulk form might become 他们不能携带电荷,可能成为散装形式

semiconductors when reduced to the nanoscale.当缩小到纳米尺度的半导体。Melting points can 熔点可以

change due to an increase in surface area.由于表面积的增加变化。Much of nanoscience requires 纳米科学的需要

that you forget what you know and start learning all over again.你忘记你所知道的,重新开始学习。So what 那么

does this all mean? 这一切意味着什么? Right now,it means that scientists are experimenting / 66

现在,这意味着科学家正在试验

                      with substances at the nanoscale to learn about their properties and how 物质在纳米尺度上了解他们的属性以及如何

we might be able to take advantage of them in various applications.我们可以利用他们在不同的应用程序。

Engineers are trying to use nano-size wires to create smaller,more 工程师们正在试图使用纳米线来创建更小,更多 powerful microprocessors.强大的微处理器。

Doctors are searching for ways to use 医生们正在寻找方法来使用

nanoparticles in medical applications.纳米粒子在医学应用。Still,we've got a long way to go 不过,我们还有很长的路要走

before nanotechnology dominates the technology and medical markets 在纳米技术主导技术和医疗市场 Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes 纳米线和碳纳米管

E]Currently,scientists find two nano-size structures of particular interest E]目前,科学家发现两个特别感兴趣的纳米结构 nanowires and carbon nanotubes.纳米线和碳纳米管。

Nanowires are wires with a very 纳米线与一个电线

small diameter,sometimes as small as 1 nanometer.小直径,有时1纳米。Scientists hope 科学家们希望

to use them to build tiny transistors for computer chips and other 使用它们来构建微型晶体管计算机芯片和其他 electronic devices.电子设备。

In the last couple of years,carbon nanotubes have 在过去的几年中,碳纳米管 overshadowed nanowires.纳米线所掩盖。

We're still learning about these structures,but 我们仍在学习这些结构,但是

what we've learned so far is very exciting 到目前为止我们学到了什么是非常令人兴奋

G]A carbon nanotube is a nano-size cylinder of carbon atoms.G)碳纳米管是由碳原子组成的纳米管。Imagine a

/ 66

想象一个

                       sheet of carbon atoms,which would look like a sheet of hexagons.If 表的碳原子,这看起来像一张hexagons.If you roll that sheet into a tube,you'd have a carbon nanotube.Carbon 你将那张卷成管状,你会有一个碳nanotube.Carbon nanotube properties depend on how you roll the sheet.纳米管的性质取决于你如何滚床单。In other words.换句话说。

even though all carbon nanotubes are made of carbon,they can be very 尽管所有碳纳米管是由碳,它们可以非常

different from one another based on how you align the individual atoms.不同于另一个基于单个原子如何对齐。

With the right arrangement of atoms,you can create a carbon nanotube 有了正确的的原子排列,您可以创建一个碳纳米管

that's hundreds of times stronger than steel,but six times lighter.数百倍的钢铁,但六次打火机。

Engineers plan to make building material out of carbon nanotubes, 工程师计划建筑材料碳纳米管, particularly for things like cars and airplanes.特别是对于像汽车和飞机。Lighter vehicles would 更轻的汽车将

mean better fuel efficiency,and the added strength translates to 意味着更好的燃油效率,增加强度 increased passenger safety.增加乘客的安全。

Carbon nanotubes can also be effective 碳纳米管也可以是有效的

semiconductors with the right arrangement of atoms.半导体与正确的原子排列。Scientists are stil 科学家们仍然

working on finding ways to make carbon nanotubes a realistic option for 致力于寻找方法使碳纳米管一个现实的选择 transistors in microprocessors and other electronics 晶体管在微处理器和其他电子产品 Products with Nanotechnology 产品与纳米技术

HIMany sunscreens contain nanoparticles of zine oxide or titanium oxide.HIMany防晒霜含有纳米颗粒的锌氧化或氧化钛。

Older sunscreen formulas use larger particles,which is what gives most

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老防晒霜公式使用较大的粒子,这是大多数

                      sunscreens their whitish color.防晒霜的发白的颜色。

Smaller particles are less visible,meaning 较小的粒子是不可见的,意义

that when you rub the sunscreen into your skin,it doesn't give you a 当你擦防晒霜在你的皮肤,它不会给你一个 whitish tingee n 白色tingee n I] In addition,a company called Pilkington offers a product they call 我]此外,一家名为皮尔金顿的公司提供了一个产品他们叫

Active Glass,which uses nanoparticles to make the glass space needed 活跃的玻璃,它使用纳米粒子所需的玻璃空间 photocatalytic and hydrophilic.光催化和亲水性。

The photocatalytic effect means that 光催化效应意味着

when UV radiation from light hits the glass,nanoparticles become 当紫外线辐射从光照到玻璃、纳米颗粒

energized and begin to break down and loosen organic molecules on 精力充沛并开始分解和放松的有机分子 the glass(in other words,dirt).玻璃(换句话说,污垢)。

Hydrophilic means that when water 亲水意味着当水

makes contact with the glass,it spreads across the glass evenly,which 使接触玻璃,它蔓延整个玻璃均匀, helps wash the glass clean.帮助洗玻璃清洁。

Scientists are also using nanoparticles to 科学家也用纳米颗粒 enhance your clothing.提高你的衣服。

By coating fabrics with a thin layer of zinc 通过薄层涂层织物的锌

oxide nanoparticles,manufacturers can create clothes that give better 氧化物纳米颗粒,制造商可以创建提供更好的衣服 protection from UV radiation.防止紫外线辐射。

Some clothes have nanoparticles in the 一些衣服有纳米颗粒

form of little hairs or whiskers that help repel water and other materials.形式的毛发或胡须,帮助击退水和其他材料。making the clothing stain-resistant

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使服装耐污

                       J]Antimicrobial bandages-Scientist Robert Burrell created a process to J]抗菌绷带科学家罗伯特·伯勒尔创造了一个过程

manufacture antibacterial bandages using nanoparticles of silver.Silver 制造抗菌silver.Silver绷带使用纳米粒子

ions block microbes' cellular respiration.离子阻止微生物的细胞呼吸。In other words,silver smothers 换句话说,银覆盖 harmful cells,killing them.有害细胞,杀害他们。

K New products incoporating nanotechnology are coming out every day.K新产品把纳米技术每天都出来。

Wrinkle-resistant fabrics,deep-penetrating cosmetics,liquid crysta 抗皱面料、深穿透化妆品、液体crysta displays(LCD)and other convenicnces using nanotechnology are on 液晶显示器和其他convenicnces利用纳米技术 the market.市场。

Before long,we'll see dozens of other products that take 不久,我们将看到几十个其他的产品

advantage of nanotechnology ranging from Intel microprocessors to 利用纳米技术从英特尔的微处理器

bio-nanobatteries,capacitors only a few nanometers thick.bio-nanobatteries、电容器只有几纳米厚。While this 虽然这

is exciting,it's only the tip of the iceberg as far as how nanotechnology 是激动人心的,这只是冰山一角就纳米技术如何 may impact on us in the future.可能会影响我们的未来。(1,155 wwordy(1155 wwordy Abridged and revised from 删节和修改

http://science.howstuffworks.com/nanotechnology.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/nanotechnology.htm(1)A revolution might happen in engineering with the introduction of the(1)革命会发生在工程的引入 nanotube.纳米管。(2)Dr.34 / 66

(2)博士。

                 Stormer thinks a common language about nanoscience can promote the 发怒者认为对纳米科学可以促进共同的语言 research of this new technology.这种新技术的研究。

(3)More products with nanotechnology are coming with unpredictable(3)更多的产品与纳米技术与不可预知的未来 impacts on our lives.影响我们的生活。

(4)Nanotechnology is a new technology which involves many different(4)纳米技术是一个涉及许多不同的新技术 disciplines.学科。

(5)Electron tunncling means that an electron can teleport to the other side of a(5)电子tunncling意味着一个电子可以传送到另一边 wall immediately 墙立即

(6)Silver ions can kill harmful microbes.(6)银离子能杀死有害的细菌。

(7)Though so tiny,a nanometer is still larger than an atom.(7)虽然那么小,纳米仍比一个原子。

(8)Traditional sunscreen formulas may give a whitish tinge on people's skin.(8)传统防晒霜公式可能对人们的皮肤发白的色彩。

(9)Nanoparticles applied to clothes can protect people from UV radiation(9)纳米粒子应用于衣服可以保护人们免受紫外线辐射

better.更好。

(10)Scientists find the research of nanowires and carbon nanotubes very(10)科学家发现纳米线和碳纳米管的研究 interesting and exciting.有趣的和令人兴奋的。

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                       Facebook's Graph Search is the Future of Facebook Facebook的图搜索是Facebook的未来 A]Facebook held a big press event this morning.Facebook)今天上午举行一个新闻发布会。The company only sent 该公司只派

out invitations last week,and when it did,it didn't disclose the topic.上周邀请,当它了,它没有披露的话题。

But in a sense,everyone who pays close attention to Facebook has 但从某种意义上说,每个人都关注Facebook been waiting for this event for most of the site's history-because the 等待这个事件的大多数网站的历史——因为

subject was Graph Search,the social network's first truly serious search 主题是图搜索、社交网络的第一个真正严重的搜索

featuree n featuree n B Like other great big Faccbook-altering features like Timeline.Graph B像其他大Faccbook-altering Timeline.Graph等功能 Search isn't being unleashed in one fell swoop.搜索没有被释放。It's a beta for now,and 现在这是一个测试版

only a minuscule percentage of users will get it immediately.(Everyone 只有极小的比例的用户将立即得到它。(每一个人

clse can get on the waitlist at facebook.com/graphsearch.)Still,its clse可以在候补名单上facebook.com/graphsearch)。不过,它 arrival in even limited form is an important moment.抵达甚至有限形式是一个重要的时刻。

C Graph Search lets you enter plain-English concepts that tie together C图搜索允许您输入串的概念联系在一起

multiple things the social network knows about the people who use 多个社交网络的事情知道的人使用

it: where they live,where they work,where they've taken photos and :他们住的地方,在那里工作,在那里他们已经拍了照片和 what things they've liked.什么东西他们喜欢。

Among the searches Facebook provides Facebook提供的搜索

as examples are“people who like tennis and live nearby,““tourist 的例子是“喜欢网球和住在附近的人”,“旅游

attractions in ltaly visited by my friends,”“movies liked by people who

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景点在意大利访问我的朋友”,“电影的人喜欢

                      are film directors”and “friends of friends who have been to Yosemite 是电影导演”和“朋友的朋友去过约塞米蒂谁 National Park”nnnnnnnnnnnniin 国家公园“nnnnnnnnnnnniin

D]The results aren't Google-style links to external sites-they're D]结果不是google样式的链接到外部网站是

Facebook pages for the people,places and other things that match the Facebook页面的人、地点和其他东西相匹配的 query.查询。

In theory,at least,this new way to find information is both faster 至少在理论上,这种新方法查找信息更快

and far more personal than a conventional search engine.和个人远远超过传统的搜索引擎。The notion 这个概念

that we might end up doing most of our interacting with Facebook by 我们可能会做我们的大部分与Facebook的交互 searching rather than browsing seems entirely plausible 搜索而不是浏览似乎完全有可能

EE]At the press event,Facebook did try to keep everyone's expectations EE)在新闻发布会上,Facebook并尽量保持每个人的期望 in check.在检查。

CEO Mark Zuckerberg spent much of his presentation CEO马克·扎克伯格在他的演讲 emphasizing what Graph Search isn't.强调什么图搜索不是。He kept saying that it's not the 他不停地说这不是

same thing as“Web search'”(or,as most of us tend to call it,Google).一样“网页搜索”(或者,就像我们大多数人倾向于称之为,Google)。E]More important,it isn't a fully fleshed-out idea.E)更重要的是,它不是一个有血有肉的主意。This first version helps 第一个版本帮助

you find people,photos,interests and places,but there's lots of stuff on 你找到人,照片、利益和地方,但有很多东西 Facebook it doesn't know about yet.Facebook还不知道。

It doesn't search status updates,for 它不会搜索状态更新, instance,and it's not hooked into Facebook's Open Graph,which ties

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实例,它不是连接到Facebook的开放图谱,这关系

                      

the site together with third-party services like Spotify.像Spotify网站与第三方服务。It also doesn't 它还不

work on Faccbook's mobile apps yet.Faccbook的移动应用程序。(Zuckerberg says Faccbook's to-(扎克伯格Faccbook的——说

do list for Graph Search should keep the company busy for the next 图搜索列表应该保证在接下来的公司忙吗 several years.)数年。)G.G。

It's not even clear yet just how useful Graph Search's limited initia 现在还不清楚是多么有用的图搜索的initia有限 features will be.将特性。

As I scanned the results for the example searches 我扫描的搜索结果

performed by Zuck and his co-presenters.由扎克和他的联袂演示者。Graph Search honchos Tom 图搜索老板汤姆

Stocky and Lars Rasmussen,many of them seemed painfully obvious, 矮壮的和Lars Rasmussen,他们中的许多人似乎非常明显, like a list of friends'favorite TV shows that contained“well,duh”items 喜欢的朋友'favorite电视节目列表包含“咄”项目 such as The Office and Game of Thrones.如办公室,权力的游戏。

HHI The most instantly appealing aspect of Graph Search may be photo 图搜索的HHI立即最吸引人的方面可能是照片 search.搜索。

which looks slick and fun.看起来光滑和乐趣。

Without it,I have trouble finding my 没有它,我很难找到我的

own snapshots I've uploaded,let alone ones from friends or public ones 我上传自己的快照,更不用说从朋友的或公共的 I might likeen

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我可能likeen                       If Graph Search fails to come up with any results at all-an outcome 如果图搜索无法想出任何结果在一个结果

that sounds like it might be common-it'll give you a standard page of 这听起来像它可能是普通的it会给你一个标准的页 Web search results.网络搜索的结果。

Those will be powered by Facebook partner and par 这些将由Facebook伙伴和标准

owner Microsoft,and will be largely the same as the results you'd get if 微软的老板,将在很大程度上你会得到一样的结果 you just conducted the same search on Bing.你只是对必应进行相同的搜索。

J When Facebook launches something major,it's easy to get irrationally J当Facebook推出重大的东西,很容易得到不合理

exuberant about its potential:the e-mail-like messaging features it 的对其潜在的:他们消息传递功能

introduced in November 2010,which looked like they might be a 介绍了2010年11月,他们可能是一个样子

landmark,didn't usher in a new era for either Facebook or e-mail after 里程碑式的,没有迎来一个新时代Facebook或电子邮件后 all.所有人。

But it's becn clear all along that a sophisticated search feature was 但becn清除所有在一个复杂的搜索功能

the biggest missing piece of the Facebook puzzle-the one to let the 最大的丢失块Facebook让令人疑惑

site tap into everything it knows about a billion people in ways that 网站利用一切知道十亿人的方式

might be both highly useful and enormously profitable.可能是非常有用和非常有利可图。Now we know 现在我们知道

that Facebook is at work on that challenge Facebook是在工作上的挑战

K Other than allowing for“Sponsored Search”promotional links, K除了允许“赞助搜索”推广链接, Facebook isn't trying to make money off Graph Search yet.Facebook并不是试图赚钱图搜索。But if it 但是如果它

takes off,and people start using Facebook to find restaurants,doctors, 起飞,人们开始使用Facebook找到餐馆,医生, travel destinations and much more,it's tough to imagine a scenario in

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旅游目的地和更多的,很难想象一个场景

                      which the site doesn't make enormous amounts of money from precisely 该网站从精确不赚大量的钱吗 targeted advertising.有针对性的广告。

It could rival Google as a money machine on a 可能的竞争对手谷歌作为一个赚钱机器 level it hasn't done to date.水平还没有完成。L.l We're talking Facebook here,so it's a given that Graph Search is going 我们说Facebook在这里,所以它是一个给定的图搜索 to be controversial,at least at first.是有争议的,至少在第一。

It doesn't let you see anything you 不让你看到任何你

couldn't have seen otherwise:all privacy settings are respected,and 不能看到否则:尊重隐私设置, people won't even show up in results if they haven't given you access 人们甚至不会出现在结果如果他们还没有给你访问

to the relevant facts that would otherwise put them there,such as their 相关的事实,否则放在那里,等他们 employer or location.雇主或位置。

M But Graph Search will make it a whole lot easier to find out stuff on 米但图搜索将使它更容易找到很多东西 Facebook.Facebook。

Facts that would otherwise have been buried in a profile or 事实,否则将被埋在一个概要文件

that might have scrolled off into the Timeline's distant past will be only 会滚动到时间轴的遥远的过去只会 a search query away.一个搜索查询。

It'll be fascinating to see how that changes the way 这将是有趣的,看看,改变的方式

people use the service,and whether it rankles a meaningful number of 人们使用服务,是否让人生气的是有意义的 users.nnnnnnnn users.nnnnnnnn N]Facebook isn't introducing any new privacy features related to Graph N]Facebook并没有引入任何新的隐私保护功能相关图

Search;at today's event,Zuckerberg simply recapped recent privacy

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搜索;在今天的活动中,扎克伯格简单的翻身最近的隐私

                       upgrades like the ability to review all your recent activity and adjust 升级能力审查所有你最近的活动和调整 settings on the fly.动态设置。

He also said before Graph Search is made widely 之前他还说图搜索是由广泛

available,Facebook members will get a prominent message encouraging 可用,Facebook用户将获得杰出的消息令人鼓舞 them to review their privacy choices.他们检查他们的隐私的选择。I expect that this won't be enough 我认为这是不够的

to pacify privacy advocates and Faccbook skeptics-though truth 为了安抚隐私拥护者和Faccbook skeptics-though真理 to tell.告诉。

I think that much of the angst over Facebook privacy issues is 我认为Facebook隐私问题的担忧 overblown.夸大了。

(I'm never clear on why people who dislike Facebook use it(我不清楚为什么不喜欢Facebook的人使用它

at all))QI Me.气我。

'm guandedly optimiste about Graph Search.“米guandedly optimiste图搜索。I use Faccbook fon 我使用Faccbook丰

things I want to share,not for things I want to hide,so I'm not wornied nnnnnnnnhin 我想分享的事情,不是我想要隐藏,所以我不wornied nnnnnnnnhin about the privacy implications.关于隐私的含义。

And my single biggest belief with thennnnnnnnntint 并与thennnnnnnnntint我最大的信仰

site is thatit's impenetrable: too much of the worthwhile stuffit contains nmnt 网站已令人费解的:太多的值得stuffit包含nmnt is too hard to uncover.太难以发现。

Graph Search could change that.41 / 66

图搜索可以改变这种状况。

                      But it won't nnin 但它不会nnin change anything until millions of people get their hands on it.改变任何东西直到数以百万计的人得到他们的手。More 更多的

thoughts to come once I do.我的想法来一次。

For now,I'm reading what Fired's Steven mnn 现在,我在读解雇的史蒂文的内容

Levy and Search Engine Land's Danny Sullivan have to say about al 利维和Search Engine Land的Danny Sullivan说 this.(1.084 wordy(1.084冗长

Abridged and revised from 删节和修改

http://techland.time.com/2013/01/15/facebooks-graph-search-is-thee http://techland.time.com/2013/01/15/facebooks-graph-search-is-thee future-of-facebook/#ixzz2Ntb6cNBy future-of-facebook / # ixzz2Ntb6cNBy(1)Compared with a conventional search engine,Graph Search's searching is(1)与传统的搜索引擎相比,图搜索的搜索 both faster and far more personal.更快和更个人化。

(2)Graph Search will give the users a standard page of Web search results,just(2)图搜索会给用户一个标准的Web搜索结果页面,而已

like the results they'd get from Bing,in case it fails to come up with any 像他们会得到的结果从Bing,以防不能提出任何 results at all.nnn 结果all.nnn(3)Photo search,slick and fun,is the most appealing initial feature of Graph(3)图搜索,光滑和乐趣,是最吸引人的初始特征图 Search.搜索。

(4)Facebook should have developed a search engine in its early days as it(4)Facebook应该在早期开发的搜索引擎

could cnable the site to take advantage of everything it knows abouta 可以cnable网站利用一切知道内容吗

billion people,and be both highly useful and profitable 十亿人口,是非常有用的,并且盈利能力很强

(5)Sponsored searches for promotional links are not allowed on Graph Search(5)赞助的搜索图搜索推广链接是不允许的 before it is made widely availablc.42 / 66

它是由广泛availablc之前。

              (6)To respect privacy,at Graph Search,people won't even show up in fesults(6)尊重隐私,在图搜索,人们甚至不会出现在fesults

if they haven't given you access to the relevant facts that would otherwise 如果他们还没有给你访问相关事实,否则 put them there 把它们放在那里了

(7)Graph Search will make profits from precisely targeted advertising(7)图搜索将从精确定向广告赚取利润

if people use it to find restaurants,doctors and much more through 如果人们用它来找到餐馆,医生等等 Facebookk Facebookk(8)Facebook members could review all their recent activity and privacy(8)Facebook用户可以检查所有最近的活动和隐私 choices through Graph Search.选择通过图搜索。

(9)As Graph Search makes it easier to find information,which would have(9)图搜索更容易找到信息,它会

been buried otherwise on Facebook,it may change the way people use it or 在Facebook上被埋葬,否则,它可能会改变人们使用它的方式 annoy large numbers of members.骚扰大量的成员。

(10)I am hopeful about Graph Search regardless of the privacy implications as(10)我希望图搜索不管的隐私问题

Iuse Facebook for what I want to share,not for what I want to conceal.我使用Facebook我想分享什么,不是因为我想隐瞒什么。

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                    Why Energy Efficiency Isn't All It's Cracked Up to Be 为什么能源效率不是万全之策

A] When New yorker writer David Owen moved his family from Manhattan)当纽约客作家大卫欧文把他的家人从曼哈顿

to a small town in northwestern Connecticut in 1985 it seemed like a 1985年康涅狄格州西北部的一个小镇似乎像一个 green decision.绿色的决定。

Their tree-shaded house had been built in the 1700s and 他们的绿树掩映的房子建于1700年代 sat across from a nature preserve.坐在对面的一个自然保护区。Deer,wild turkeys and even bears 鹿,甚至野生火鸡和熊

could be seen in their yard;woods surrounded their neighborhood.It 可以看到在院子里,树林包围neighborhood.It was a bucolic country existence,something out of a nature poem.是一个田园式的国家存在,自然界中的诗。

B]Yet for the global environment,the move was a minidisaster.The B]然而,全球环境,此举是一个minidisaster.The Owens'electricity consumption went up more than sevenfold and the 欧文斯'electricity消费上升超过7倍和

lack of both public transportation and dense housing that's typical of 缺乏公共交通和密集的住宅的典型

Connecticut(and much of the rest of the U.S)meant the family had to 康涅狄格(和其它大多数美国)意味着家庭不得不 buy several cars.买了几辆车。

And those cars got driven-a lot.Owen notes that 这些汽车开过很多。欧文指出

he and his wife now put some 30,000 miles a year on their odometers, 他和他的妻子现在每年大约30000英里里程计, burning carbon with every gallon.燃烧碳每加仑。

Access to trees and wildlife and 树木和野生动物和访问

cleaner air in Connecticut was great,but for the climate,it's dense and 更清洁的空气在康涅狄格州很棒,但是气候,密集的和

efficient Manhattan-where cars are optional and living space is much 高效的曼哈顿,汽车是可选的和生活空间

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                       tighter-that does less damage per capita 人均紧密,损伤也要少

CITo Owen,the move was a lesson: what looks environmentally friendly 急速地欧文,此举是一个教训:什么是环保 isn't always the case.并非总是如此。

That's an idea he explores in his new book The 这是一个知道他在他的新书中探讨

Conundrum,which argues that energy efficiency,scientific innovation 难题,认为能源效率、科学创新

and even good green intentions are actually making our climate and 甚至好绿色的意图是使我们的气候和 environmental problems worse.环境问题变得更糟。

While we rush to buy a Prius hybrid 当我们急于买普锐斯混合动力车

or fetishize local organic food,we're doing little to actually reduce the 或盲目迷恋本地有机食品,我们做实际上减少了

carbon emissions that are warming the planet-and we may even be 气候变暖的碳排放地球和我们甚至可能 going backward.会落后。

“We're not actually making the problem better,we're “我们实际上并没有使问题更好,我们 making it worse,”says Owen.让它变得更糟,”欧文说。

D]He centers his argument on energy efficiency,which simply means D]他在能源效率中心他的论点,这仅仅意味着

reducing waste and getting more economic output per unit of energy, 减少浪费和增加每单位经济产出的能源，and is one of the few environmental-policy options that nearly everyone ,是为数不多的环境政策选项,几乎每一个人 can agree on.可以达成一致。

Democrat or Republican,climate scientist or climate 民主党人或共和党人,气候科学家或气候

skeptic,you'd be hard-pressed to find anyone who'd be against reducing 怀疑论者,你很难找到的人会减少 wasted energy.浪费能源。

That's why pacans to efficiency find their way into every 这就是为什么pacans效率找到进入每一个

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                      energy stump speech,including those of President Obama,who noted 能源政治演说,其中包括奥巴马总统,他指出

in the State of the Union speech that “the easiest way to save money is 的国情咨文演讲中,“省钱的最简单方法 to waste less energy.浪费更少的能量。

“One of the White House's most heralded green “白宫的一个最受追捧的绿色

accomplishments this term has been an increase in automobile fuel.成就这一项已经增加汽车燃料。

efficiency standards,tightening them from 25 m.p.g.效率标准,收紧25 /加仑。now to 54.5 m.p.g 现在54.5 /加仑

for cars and light trucks by 2025.轿车和轻型卡车到2025年。

E]But Owen notes improved efficiency doesn't always translate to reduced E]但欧文指出提高效率并不总是意味着减少

energy use,thanks to something called the “rebound effect”.能源使用,由于所谓的“反弹效应”。It's pretty 很

simple:as we become more efficient at using energy we can save 简单:当我们成为更有效地使用能源,我们可以节省

money-which then allows us to use more of that energy than we did。那么让我们使用更多的能量比 before.之前。

Picture it this way:you trade in your gas-guzzling SUV for 这样图片:你贸易耗油的SUV a new efficient hybrid,end up paying less per mile for gasoline and 新一代高效混合动力车,最终支付更少的汽油和每英里

use some of the savings to drive more than you did with the SUV.The 使用一些储蓄来驱动与SUV.The超过你 efficiency has rebounded.效率反弹。

F]It's not clear how big the rebound effect really is.F]不清楚真正的反弹效应有多大。Efficiency advocates 效率的倡导者

say that the effect,when it exists,is limited.说的影响,当它存在,是有限的。Amory Lovins,the head of Amory Lovins，46 / 66

                      the Rocky Mountain Institute and an efficiency evangelist,has written 落基山研究所和一个效率传道者,写了

that“no matter how efficient your house or washing machine becomes, :“无论如何你的房子或者洗衣机变得有效, you won't heat your house to sauna temperatures,or rewash clean 你不热你的房子桑拿温度,或再洗干净 clothes.的衣服。

“There's a limit to how much more I would drive after buying a “有限制多少我会开车后购买 hybrid even as my gas bill shrinks.混合,即使我的煤气费收缩。

C]But Owen argues that the rebound effect is much broader than a one-to-C]但欧文认为反弹效应比————更广泛 one relationship.一个关系。

I might drive a little bit more using the savings from 我可能开车使用节省一点

my more efficient car,but I might also take the rest of those savings 我的更高效的汽车,但是我可能还把剩下的积蓄

and spend it on something else-perhaps a vacation flight,or a new 把钱花在一些飞行else-perhaps度假,或一个新的 television.电视。

And nearly everything we buy and consume today requires 几乎所有我们今天需要购买和消费 energy,from appliances to holidays.能源,从家用电器到假期。

Perhaps that's the reason American 也许这就是美国的原因

electricity production grew 66% between 1984 and 200s even as the 电力生产增长66%在1984和200年代的 economy overall became much more efficient.整体经济变得更加高效。And things are likely 事情很可能

to be even worse in a rapidly growing nation like China where a lot of 更糟糕的是在一个快速增长的国家像中国很多的地方

people are acquiring consumer goods and other luxuries for the first 人们购买消费品和其他奢侈品的第一 time.时间。

”Energy efficiency by itself is not a sufficient green strategy,“say “能源效率本身不是一个充分的绿色战略,”说

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                      Owen.欧文。

HIHopes that we might simply run out of fossil fuels before we've HIHopes,我们可能只是在我们之前化石燃料耗尽

cooked the sky now seem unfounded,thanks to the discovery of new 煮熟的天空现在看来毫无根据的,由于新发现的

unconventional supplies like oil sands or shale natural gas.非传统的油砂和页岩天然气供应。We can 我们可以

decarbonize the energy we use by replacing fossil fuels with solar 除去碳素能量我们用太阳能取代化石燃料的使用

nuclear and other alternatives,but that will take decades at best and 核和其他替代能源,但这需要几十年最多 we're moving far too slowly 我们进展太缓慢

I] So if we want to bring down carbon emissions we have to use less 我),所以如果我们想要降低碳排放,我们必须用更少

energy-even very efficient energy-and that likely means we'd 甚至非常有效的节约能源,可能意味着我们 have to live with less growth.要俭朴的生活成长。

Good luck trying to explain that to 试图解释,好运 voters,though.不过,选民。

“There is a fundamental conflict between the idea of “有一个基本的理念之间的冲突

propagating growth and the idea of reducing carbon emissions,”says 传播增长和减少碳排放的想法,”说 Owen.欧文。

“But if you're in a public-policy position,it's almost impossible “但是如果你在一个公共政策立场,这几乎是不可能的 to say that.说。” nn “神经网络

J] That doesn't mean energy efficiency can't be a useful environmental J]这并不意味着能源效率不可能是一个有用的环境

tool-it can,provided it's coupled with policies that effectively 工具可以提供它加上有效的政策

increase the cost of energy,so savings from efficicncy are conserved 能源成本的增加,所以储蓄从efficicncy是守恒的

/ 66

                       rather than being spent on additional consumption.而不是花在更多的消费。We can also change 我们也可以改变

policy to promote sustainable,dense urban living.政策促进可持续,密集的城市生活。(Hong Kongers are(香港人

well-off,but they use only one-third as much energy as Americans 富裕,但他们只使用美国三分之一尽可能多的能量

largely because they live in one of the densest cities on the planct)And 很大程度上是因为他们住在planct)和最密集的城市之一

we can focus on the environmental policies that really matter.Buying 我们可以关注真正matter.Buying的环境政策

local food is fine,but what matters much more is how far you drove to 当地的食物很好,但更重要的是你开车去多远

get to the market-or whether you needed to drive at all.进入市场或是否你需要开车。“What we “我们

need to do is make more big cities like Manhattan,“says Owen.“But 需要做的是让更多的大城市像曼哈顿,”欧文说。“但是 that's a tough sell” 这是一个艰难的销售” K]Indeed it is.确实K)。

Owen notes that he likes living in small-town Connecticut, 欧文说,他喜欢住在小城镇的康涅狄格州, even if it isn't great for the planet.即使它不是伟大的地球。

And while everything from highway 虽然从高速公路

construction to zoning regulations seem designed to induce sprawl,I 建设分区法规似乎旨在诱导扩张,我

suspect many Americans simply don't want to live in New York City.怀疑许多美国人只是不想住在纽约市。

just as they don't really care about climate change enough to accept 就像他们不真正关心气候变化足以接受

more expensive energy or slower economic growth.更昂贵的能源和经济增长放缓。”We already know “我们已经知道

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                       what we need to do and we have for a long time,“Owen writes.我们需要做的,我们有很长一段时间,”欧文写道。”We just “我们只是

don't like the answers.不喜欢这个答案。

"That's the conundrum-and the solution won't “这是不会的难题,同时解决方案 be easy.是很容易的。(1,087 wordy(1087冗长

Abridged and revised from 删节和修改

http://#ixzz2 | 8599年http:// # ixzz2 | O5ZbegJ6 O5ZbegJ6(1)Energy efficiency means reducing waste and getting more economic output(1)能源效率意味着减少浪费和获得更多的经济产出 per unit of energyy 单位energyy(2)Due to the “ rebound effect”,improved efficiency doesn't always mean(2)由于“反弹效应”,提高效率并不总是的意思 reduced energy use.减少能源的使用。

(3)Owen's move was a minidisaster for the global environment because dense(3)欧文的举动是全球环境的minidisaster因为密集

and efficient Manhattan did less damage to the climate per capita.和高效的曼哈顿人均气候所造成的损害较少。

(4)We can decarbonize the energy we use by replacing fossil fuels with solar,(4)我们可以除去碳素能量我们用太阳能取代化石燃料的使用, nuclear and other alternatives.核能和其他选择。

(5)If we want to bring down carbon emissions,we have to live with less(5)如果我们要降低碳排放,我们要俭朴的生活 growth.增长。

(6)Owen thinks that energy efficiency,scientific innovation and good green(6)欧文认为,能源效率,科学创新和良好的绿色

intentions are actually making our climate and environmental problems 意图是使我们的气候和环境问题

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第二篇：英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习4

英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习(4)

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the pangraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Art of Friendship

A)One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety.Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful--I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted.I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail.That's when it started to dawn on me--lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness.My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice.Now it hit me hard.My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me;when they left, they had taken my context with them.B)Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health.But my concerns were more short-term.I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you.I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends--women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did.Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life.The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C)After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger--a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again.As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be.Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity.Now there needs to be a reason to be friends.“There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends.Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship,” Danzig says.D)At first, finding new companions felt awkward.At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, “Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again,” agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta.“You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious.”

E)Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed.I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low.If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair.At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F)We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests--say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for--become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie.Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise.“In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me.Now's it's our shared values and activities that count.” Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G)Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in--or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective.Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician.“I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'” she jokes.“I get intimidated by people.But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly.” In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals.“I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy.” What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become(or are still becoming)back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H)Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself.As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was.An old chum has the goods on you.With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I)A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go.Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend.In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J)While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones.We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You “re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships.Keep in touch.Your friends should be a priority;schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are.Know her business.Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support.Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her.Speak your mind.Tell a friend(politely)if something she did really upset you.If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship.Accept her flaws.No one is perfect, so work around her quirks--she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative--to cut down on frustration and fights.Boost her ego.Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.46.Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.47.A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.48.A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49.According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50.Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.51.In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.52.For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under ”stand her and erase her negative feeling.53.According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities

54.As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.55.With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.Section B

交友之道

A)数年前的一天晚上，我发现自己陷入了焦虑中。事实上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康；我工作忙碌，事业有成。我只是隐隐约约感到情绪很低落，急需一个朋友能给我打打气，跟我喝杯咖啡，听我尽情发泄直到烟消云散。我最好的朋友住在加州—这个国家的另一端。我拨通了她的电话，却听到要求留言的录音。阴影从此开始笼罩着我，孤独是我沮丧的根源。我的社交生活已经减少到几乎没有，但不知何故，直到那一该，我才注意到这一点。现在，这种感觉却狠雏地撞击着我。戈的那些老朋友们，从大学甚至孩提时代就已深交的密友，对我了如指掌，但他们一离开，也把我生活的环境一并带走了。

B)研究表明，缺少社交生活对人的健康会产生长期的消极后果。还好，我妁焦虑期持续时间相当短暂。l521在那时我需要被理解，是只有女性朋友才能理解的那种方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代喷油的想法是 错误的：他不能，即使他能，我又和谁倾诉我对丈夫的抱怨呢?于是，我下定决心要结交新朋友，目标是像我一样——有孩子而且关注这个世界的妇女。因为我这样交友的目的性更明确，我逐渐意识到，我是可以进行选择的，我实际上是可以设计我的社交生活的。当然它的消极一面就是我感到非常害怕。

C)毕竟，在中年时期交友要比年轻时困难得多一——这是个客观存在的显示，与我聊过的女性曾不止一次地指出这一点。41岁的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戏剧导演，也是一位母亲，1461她的看法是，在十几岁、二十几岁的时候，除了有特殊理由不能成为朋友的情况，人差不多可以跟所有人成为朋友。你的大学室友，至少余因为走得比较近而成为你最好的朋友。一现在，我们则需要理由才能成为朋友。Danzi9说，“有很多人，我跟他们在一起的时候很舒服，但我不会因此称他们为朋友。舒适度还不足以维持真正的友谊。”

D)一开始的时候，寻找新的伙伴的确让入有点尴尬。四十岁了，我无法像我四岁的女儿那样在操场上碰到人就问：“能跟我做朋友吗?”。【49】 每次建立一群新关系，你就会又变得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧学博士，亚特兰大压力研究所的创始人兼首席执行官，赞同这一看法。她说：“你是在问：„你愿意参与到我的生活中吗?‟这使我们局促不安。”

E)幸运的是，我的不适感很快就过去了。我意识到，作为一个寻找朋友的成年人，我变得脆弱的风险其实是非常低的。如果有人不愿意接受我的请求，那又如何呢?我不再是个初中生，那时我可能会因为穿不搭调的衣服或者发型不好看而被拒绝。【54】到了我这个年纪。我已经方足够的自信，我以为我有足够吸引对方的东西。

F)事实上，我们都很忙，以至于共同的兴趣，譬如，我们为之忙碌的项目、课程或事业，就成为把我们与建立伙伴关系的候选人联系在一起的理想的催化剂。35岁的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地区一名教师及两个孩子的母亲，她说在教会结交的新朋友对她来说是一份惊喜。【53】 Mertes说，上中学对，我是根据他们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对或卢生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的劳动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。二她与一起组织教会的青年项目的好朋友，虽然性格不同，但她们的干劲和组织能力使她们成为彼此的理想好友。

G)令人高兴的是，尽管结交新朋友是一件尴尬的事情，但自尊问题不是结交朋友需要考虑的因素—～否则，如果将自尊问题作为结交朋友的考虑因素，你也能很容易地洞察这一点。Danzig讲述了她儿子所在的幼儿园的一个孩子的母亲的故事。那位女士身材高大，美丽动八，嫁给了一位有名的摇滚音乐家。“我曾跟我的丈夫说，„对我来说她太酷了，”她开玩笑道。“周围的人都告诫我要警惕。但是，当我跟她混熟了，才发现她原来是个非常悠闲而友好的人。”最终，她们之间因为没有“化学反应”，没能成为好朋友。“我意识到，我们不是同一类人，但这跟社会地位没有关系。”【50】现在看来：中年友谊似乎能反应你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。

H)41岁的Harlene Katzman是纽约市的一名律师，她认为，在她无法确定自已是否变样的时候，最老的朋友知道她原来的样子。她依然非常爱她们，她相信她们有时对问题的反应能够反映出她曾经的样子，拥有老朋友对你而言大有益处。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：纭可以翻开新的一页。

I)【47】新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助找到航行的方向。39岁的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉矶的一名律师，也是一位母亲。她发现，她在工作中新结交的一个人，Julia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜欢和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一种感觉，这个健康且从事运动事业的年轻女性能帮助她保持身材。

J)当你忙着结交新朋友时，请记住，你仍需要与老朋友们培养感情。我们请Maria Paul，《友谊的危机：当你不再是孩童时，如何寻找朋友、结交朋友与保持友情》的作者，告诉我们维持这些重要关系的最佳途径。保持联系。朋友至上。无论你有多忙，都要抽空定期与朋友吃顿饭或者喝杯咖啡闲聊。了解她的事业。知道朋友生活中经历的重要事件，并适时表示你的支持，打电话或者发邮件让她知道你时刻都在想着她。坦诚相待。如果朋友确实做了让你懊恼的事情，一定要(委婉地)告诉她。如果你不能完全坦诚的话，就需要重新审视这段关系。包容她的缺点。人无完人，因此不要纠结于她的怪癖～她经常迟到或者她有一点消极——以减少挫折和斗争。满足她的自尊。真心的赞美使人感觉良好，所以要告诉她，你多喜欢她的新毛衣，她做了多么伟大的工作。

46．Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one‟S middle age needed some reasons．LeslieDanzig认为在中年交朋友需要一些理由。

【解析】C)。细节题。根据句子关键词Leslie Danzi9和making friends al one‟S middle age可定位至Cl段。该段中Danzi9说在十几、二十几岁的时候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但现在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒适度不足以维持真正的友谊。可见她认为中年交友需要。一些理由。

47．A well—chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like．选择得当的新朋友能帮你朝着你向往的方向前进。

【解析】I)。细节题。根据句子关键词a well—chosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。该段首句指出：新朋友，如果选择对了的话，还可以帮助你找到航行的方向。

48．A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable．

数年前，作者给远在他乡的最好的朋友打电话，作者当时很需要她却没人接，因此感到很孤独沮丧。

【解析】A)。归纳题。根据句子关键词a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是对整段的概括总结。

49．According to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends．

KathleenHall觉得人们在刚开始结交新朋友的过程中会变得敏感，【解析】 D)。细节题。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。该段最后一句提到，Kathleen Hall认为每次建立一种新关系，人就会变得脆弱、敏感。

50．Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the progress yOU‟ve made in your life．

中年友谊可以帮你认清生活前进的方向和巩固进步。

【解析】 G)。细节题。根据句子关键词midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。现在看来，中年友谊似乎能反映出你所属的类型(或正在成为的类型)，从而加强你在生活中取得的进展。5 1．In Maria Paul‟S book，to be a better friend，you should keep track with yourfriends，care for your friend‟s job，ex—press yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her／his good dressing and job．Maria Paul的书中写到，要成为更好的朋友，你应该和朋友保持联系，关心朋友的工作，表达自己的思想，包容朋友的缺点，赞扬朋友。

【解析】J)。归纳题。根据句子中的MariaPaul‟Sbook可定位至文章末段。该段列举如何巩固和朋友的关系。句子是对整段的概括总结。

52．For the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9．

对作者来说，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的负面感受。

【解析】 B)。细节题。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。

53．According to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities

Michelle Mertes认为中年友谊的基石是共同的价值观和参与的活动。

【解析】 F)。细节题。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes说：上中学时，我是根据她们的受欢迎程度以及成为她们圈子的一员可能对我产生的影响来选择朋友的。现在，共同的价值观和参加的活动则成为我选择朋友的关键因素。

54．As a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejecfion with grace．

作为一名成熟的交友者，作者发现自己有足够的自信发出邀请和坦然接受拒绝。

【解析】 E)。细节题。根据句子关键词a mature friend seeker和offe“'ejection可定位至E)段。该段中作者指出自己已经成熟，能坦然接受对方的拒绝，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。

55．With newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in your life．

和新朋友一起，你有机会呈现新面貌。

【解析】 H)。细节题。根据句子关键词takeon anewlook可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻开新的一页。Take on anewlook和takeoveranewleaf是同类表述。

第三篇：四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案-3

四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案（3）

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.长篇阅读

Preparing for Computer Disasters

A)Summary: When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt.Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.B)Fires, power surges, and floods, they're all facts of life.We read about them in the morning paper and see them on the evening news.We sympathize with the victims and commiserate over their bad luck.We also shake our heads at the digital consequences—melted computers, system failures, destroyed data.Yet, somehow, many of us continue to live by that old mantra of denial: “It won't happen to me.” Well, the truth is, at some point you'll probably have to deal with at least one disaster.That's just how it goes, and in most aspects of our lives we do something about it.We buy insurance.We stow away provisions.We even make disaster plans and run drills.But for some reason, computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us.It shouldn't be.Home computers contain some of our most important information, both business and personal, and making certain our data survives a disaster should be a priority.Moreover, even the smallest disaster can be a serious disruption.Personal computers have become an integral part of the smooth-running household.We use them to communicate, shop, and do homework, and they're even more vital to home office users.When home office computers go down, many small businesses grind to a halt.Fortunately, taking steps to recover from disasters and minimize their effects is quite straightforward.With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools, you can bounce back quickly and easily from minor computer disasters.And, should a major calamity strike, you can rest assured your data is safe.Offsite Storage: Major Disasters

C)House fires and floods are among the most devastating causes of personal computer destruction.That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential.Although many home users faithfully back up their hard drives, many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn.That's because they keep their backups in relatively close to their computers.Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their computers—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—but they're not nearly far enough away should a serious disaster strike.So, it's important to back up your system to a removable medium and to store it elsewhere.D)There are many ways to approach offsite storage.It starts with choice of backup tools and storage medium.Disaster situations are stressful, and your recovery tools shouldn't add to that stress.They must be dependable and intuitive, making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve files in a pinch.They must also be compatible with your choice of backup medium.Depending on your tools, you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to remote network servers.Although many of these storage media have high capacity, a backup tool with compression capabilities is a big plus, eliminating the inconvenience of multiple disks or large uploads.E)Once you select your tools and a suitable medium, you need to find a remote place to store your backups.The options are endless.However, no matter where you choose, be sure the site is secure, easily accessible, and a good distance away from your home.You may also want to consider using an Internet-based backup service.More and more service providers are offering storage space on their servers, and uploading files to a remote location has become an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage.Of course, before using one of these services, make certain you completely trust the service provider and its security methods.Whatever you do, schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.Come What May: Handling the Garden Variety Computer Crisis F)Not all home computer damage results from physical disaster.Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information.Systems crash, kids “rearrange” data, adults inadvertently delete files.Although these events might not seem calamitous, they can have serious implications.So, once again, it's important to be prepared.As with physical disasters, regular backups are essential.However, some of these smaller issues require a response that's more nuanced than wholesale backup and restoration.To deal with less-than-total disaster, your tool set must be both powerful and agile.For example, when a small number of files are compromised, you may want to retrieve those files alone.Meanwhile, if just your settings are affected, you'll want a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup.Yet, should your operating system fail, you'll need a way to boot your computer and perform large-scale recovery.Computer crises come in all shapes and sizes, and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each challenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job: Gearing up for Disaster G)When disaster strikes, the quality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind.Symantec understands this and offers a range of top quality backup and recovery solutions.Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes, failed installations, and inadvertent deletions.With this powerful and convenient solution, it's simple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state.Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution.Equipped to handle full-scale backups, it's also handy for cloning hard drives and facilitating system upgrades.A favorite choice for IT professionals, it's the ideal tool for the burgeoning home office.You can buy Norton Ghost and Norton GoBack separately, or get them both when you purchase Norton System Works.H)Life's disasters, large and small, often catch us by surprise.However, with a little planning and the right tools, you can reduce those disasters to bumps in the road.So, don't wait another day.Buy a good set of disaster recovery tools, set up an automatic backup schedule, and perform a dry run every now and again.Then, rest easy.对应题目： 1.You should take steps to recover from computer disasters so as to minimize their effects.2.For some reason, computer disaster recovery is always ignored by many of us.3.You can bounce back quickly and easily minor computer disasters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.4.The most devastating causes of personal computer destruction includes house fires and floods.5.It's necessary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.6.You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and a suitable medium.7.Not only physical disaster can damage your computer.8.The backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to deal with various computer crises.9.The quality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or have a peaceful mind when disaster strikes.10.You should prepare for your computer disasters now and again.答案参考：

1.A 根据题干中的信息词recover from computer disasters定位到本文的第一段。2.B 根据题干中的信息词computer disaster recovery和many of us定位到本文的第二段第11句话，computer disaster recovery is a blind spot for many of us。3.B 根据题干中的信息词offsite storage plan and the right tools定位到本文的第二段倒数第二句话。

4.C 根据题干中的信息词most devastating causes定位到第一个小标题下第一段的第一句话可知原文提到了家庭火灾和水灾是个人电脑危机的最具毁灭性的根源。5.C 根据题干中的信息词back up our system及medium定位到第一个小标题下第一段的最后一句话。

6.E 根据题干中的信息词find a remote place to store your backups定位到第一个小标题下第三段的第一句话。

7.F 根据题干中的信息词physical disaster定位到第二个小标题下的前两句话。8.F 根据题干中的信息词backup and recovery tools及computer crises定位到第二个小标题下的最后一句话。

9.G 根据题干中的信息词The quality of your backup tools和frustrated定位到第三个小标题下第一段的第一句话。

10.H 根据题干中的信息词prepare for your computer，总结文章最后一段大意即可找到答案。

第四篇：全新版大学英语第三册背诵部分原文翻译和课后段落翻译

U5 22

The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt.“I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.纳尔逊牧师写道，他那平凡的传统校长的岁月随着学校里发生的如此迅猛的变化而结束，他怀着自我怀疑的心态退了休。“说我做得不对的远远多于说我做得对的，” 他写道，接着说我的信给他带来了振奋人心的信心：自己的校长生涯还是有其价值的。

A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin' down” some letter to relatives.Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me--whom she used to diaper!

一看到外祖母那熟悉的笔迹，我顿时回想起往日站在她的白色摇椅旁看她给亲戚写信的情景。外祖母一个字母一个字母地慢慢拼出一个词，接着是下一个词，因此写满一页要花上几个小时。捧着外祖母最近花费不少工夫对我表达了充满慈爱的谢意，我禁不住流泪――从前是她给我换尿布的呀。

U6 18

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them.He was past sixty and had a long white beard curling down over his chest.Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art.For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it.He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional.He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece.For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.老贝尔曼是住在两人楼下底层的一个画家。他已年过六旬，银白色蜷曲的长髯披挂胸前。贝尔曼看上去挺像艺术家，但在艺术上却没有什么成就。40年来他一直想创作一幅传世之作，却始终没能动手。他给那些请不起职业模特的青年画家当模特挣点小钱。他没节制地喝酒，谈论着他那即将问世的不朽之作。要说其他方面，他是个好斗的小老头，要是谁表现出一点软弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是楼上画室里两位年轻艺术家的看护人。

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below.In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece.She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.苏在楼下光线暗淡的画室里找到了贝尔曼，他满身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的画架上支着一张从未落过笔的画布，在那儿搁了25年，等着一幅杰作的起笔。苏把约翰西的怪念头跟他说了，并说约翰西本身就像一片叶子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再软下去的话，真的会凋零飘落。老贝尔曼双眼通红，显然是泪涟涟的，他大声叫嚷着说他蔑视这种傻念头。

U7 14

His mind was trapped in a body that didn't work.Speaking was difficult and took time.People were impatient and didn't listen.He felt different--was different--from the kids who rushed about in the halls and planned dances he would never attend.他由于身体不能正常运行而使脑子不能充分发挥其功能。他说话困难，而且慢。别人不耐烦，不听他说。他觉得自己不同于――事实上也确实不同于――那些在过道里东奔西跑的孩子，那些孩子安排的舞会他永远也不可能参加。

What could his future be? Porter wanted to do something and his mother was certain that he could rise above his limitations.With her encouragement, he applied for a job with the Fuller Brush Co.only to be turned down.He couldn't carry a product briefcase or walk a route, they said.他将来会是个什么样子呢？波特想做些事，母亲也相信他能冲破身体的局限。在她的鼓励之下，他向福勒牙刷公司申请一份工作，结果却遭到拒绝。他不能提样品包，也不能跑一条推销线路，他们说。

Porter knew he wanted to be a salesman.He began reading help wanted ads in the newspaper.When he saw one for Watkins, a company that sold household products door-to-door, his mother set up a meeting with a representative.The man said no, but Porter wouldn't listen.He just wanted a chance.The man gave in and offered Porter a section of the city that no salesman wanted.波特知道自己想当推销员。他开始阅读报纸上的招聘广告。他看到沃特金斯，一家上门推销家用物品的公司要人，他母亲就跟其代理人安排会面。那人说不行，可波特不予理会。他就是需要一个机会。那人让步了，把城里一个其他推销员都不要的区域派给了他。

U8 I'm a pure scientist in some ways,and I know that many different studies or findings could be used for evil.Our job as scientists is to make the most of this technology and make it available to the greatest number of other scientists who can help us do good things with it.There's really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they shouldn't.在某些方面上我是个十足的科学家，我知道许多研究或发现，它们可被于恶途。我们科学家的工作是最大程度地利用这项科技，让它被最多数的科学家了解，他们能帮我们善加利用。对于科学家个体而言，真的没什么有效的方法来阻止其他人用这项知识做一些他们不应该做的事情。

we need to be honest about the techniques tha we used.They need to be able to be replicated by other people,and the great public disapproval that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path.对我们所用的技术，我们应该坦诚。他们（它们）应当能被其他人所复制，任何尝试克隆人类所引起的公众强烈反对会阻止他们沿着这条路走下去。

What is it they say?There is no technology that hasn't been used for some evil purpose at some point.Quite honestly I do thind it's inevitable ,and it's virtually impossible to legislate that away.他们说的是什么？就某个角度说，没有技术未曾被用于（实现）某些罪恶的目标。很坦白说 我的确认为这是不可避免的，立法杜绝在实际上是做不到的。

Translation 5 Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world.The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf.George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence.He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted.Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying “Gratitude is the sign of noble souls” and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.在感恩节的气氛中，乔治沉浸于阅读他父亲留给他的日记。他的父亲在连续两次完成环球旅行后在海上去世。这份日记使他回忆起自己与父亲一起度过的每一刻以及父亲为他所做的许多具体事情。乔治的父亲过去经常向他强调必须经历各种艰难困苦去追求卓越。即使今天，他依然记得父亲如何引用“懂得感激是高尚者的标志”这句伊索名言来教导他要把懂得感激

放在最重要的位置 Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people.They may be in worn out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work.In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be “in tune with” other artists.They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.我们到处都能看到“抢眼”的青年艺术家。他们要么一年四季穿着破旧的牛仔裤；要么大冬天也打着赤脚；要么饮酒过度；要么就是抱着创作一部杰作的幻想，实际上并不做任何的事。其实，他们中的很多人只不过是为了看上去“保持一致”才这么做。他们忘了，只有通过不懈的努力才能获得成功 Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless.Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others.That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.汤姆生来跛足,有一条腿不管用,他很小的时候起就懂得,除非他努力摆脱(riseabove)自身的局限,他是无力谋生的,而除非他能独立谋生,他就不可能得到他人的尊敬.这是他要赢得做人的尊严必须付出的代价.Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut.He then worked as a sales representative for a sports wear company in a territory no one else would want.Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him on straight commission.。

汤姆申请过许多工作,都遭到拒绝,最后他找到义愤为必胜客(Pizza Hut)送比萨饼的工作.后来他有到一个没有人想去的推销区做一家运动服装(sports wear)公司的销售代表.现在,他在他的家乡拥有一家颇为赢利的销售商店,还雇用了好几个人为他工作,这些人都不拿薪水,只拿佣金.8.Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997.A fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on.This contentious issue has focused on ethical and social implications of the technology: what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction, child rearing, individuality, et cetera.1997年，苏格兰一组科学家的克隆实验使多利羊得以诞生。自那时以来，有关克隆人的激烈争论一直进行着。这一有争议的问题的焦点聚集在此项技术的伦理与社会含义上：此项技术会对人类生育、抚养孩子以及人的个性等的真正意义带来什么影响。

The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases.The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings.Scientists believe that with policies and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we can all benefit from this procedure.大多数科学家坚决反对繁殖性克隆，支持旨在治疗疾病的治疗性克隆。其理由是，治疗性的克隆技术不牵涉任何对人的生命的威胁，实际上还能为人们提供极大的缓解痛苦的可能。他们相信有适当地政策和监管以确保治疗性克隆被安全地使用，我们都能从这一过程中受益。

第五篇：2014年大学英语六级新题型_段落翻译

大学英语六级段落翻译

①中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节，即从农历最后一个月的最后一天至新年的艺术性。

【翻译词汇】从某种意义上说 in a sense汉字 Chinese character演化 evolve

书写形式 script form篆书 Seal script隶书 Clerical script

楷书 Regular script行书 Running script书法家 calligrapher

致使 render取得 yield旅游胜地 tourist resort

石刻碑文 stone inscription适时 in due time欣赏 appreciate

【精彩译文】

In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago.During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script.Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts.Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study.As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.④中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。

【翻译词汇】

官方语言 official language普通话 Mandarin快速的 rapid

课程 curriculum(pl.curricula)已有的 in place缺乏 shortage

受过专业训练 professionally trained证书 certificate

招聘 recruit文化冲突 culture clash

【精彩译文】Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools.With the rapid development of China’s economy in the 21th century, both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expanding Chinese language programs already in place.By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarin in American schools.To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties.A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has made it difficult for some schools to join the competition.When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from China directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.⑤如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。

【翻译词汇】 步入 step into

老龄化社会 aging society

独生子女一代 the only-child generation

巨大的 enormous调整 adjust

计划生育政策 the family planning policy

在特殊情况下 under certain circumstances由于，迫于 due to放弃 abandon

依靠 rely on出生率 birth rate有效的 effective

社会保障制度 social security system

【精彩译文】

Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society.Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life.The Chinese government has begun to adjust the family planning policy and allows some families to have a second child

under certain circumstances.However, the survey shows that some couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden.Thus, in order to solve the aging problem, the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate.The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.⑥中国通过了第一部物权法，下令对北京的几百座四合院进行保护。然而，批评家们指出，所谓“保存”常常只是拆掉老房子，然后依照传统样式盖一座新的来代替。马岩松曾经说过：“现在的做法就是在假造古董，这不好。胡同吸引了很多旅游者，但这里贫困的老住户要么就像主题公园里的演员，要么就被踢出去，以便富人们可以购买这些房子。老北京的精神正在消亡。”

【翻译词汇】物权法 property law四合院 courtyard拆掉 knock down

代替 replace假古董 fake antique胡同 hutong

主题公园 theme park踢出去 kick out消亡 die away

【精彩译文】China has passed the first property law, ordering to protect Beijing’s hundreds of courtyards.But critics say, so-called “conservation” just means knocking down an old building and replacing it with a structure in a traditional style.For this, Ma Yansong’s opinion is “The way is just to build fake antiques, it is not nice.These hutongs attract many tourists.The poor, old residents are either like actors in a theme park or they are kicked out so that the rich can buy these houses.The spirits of old Beijing are now dying away.”

⑦几千年的中国文化充实着中国梦，同时，过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着中国梦。中国梦最显著的特征是包容性和双赢合作。这些也是使中国梦扩大它的全球影响范围和被其他国家的人民认可的基本特征。中国梦是民族复兴的梦。它是建设一个强大繁荣的国家，给中国人民带来幸福生活的梦。中国梦需要维持稳定健康的经济发展，科学管理社会，以及有效应对外部发展的风险和挑战。

【翻译词汇】中国梦 the Chinese dream改革开放 reform and opening-up激励 inspire

包容性 inclusiveness双赢合作 win-win cooperation扩大 expand

民族复兴 national rejuvenation强大（的）powerful繁荣的 prosperous

需要 entail稳定健康的 steady and healthy应对 respond to

外部发展 external development风险 risk挑战 challenge

【精彩译文】The Chinese dream has been enriched by thousands of years of Chinese culture and inspired among other things by the past three decades of reform and opening-up.The most noticeable features of the Chinese dream include inclusiveness and win-win cooperation.These are the very features that will enable the Chinese dream to expand its global reach and be recognized by people of other nations.The Chinese dream is the dream of national rejuvenation.It is the dream of building a powerful and prosperous state, a dream of bringing happiness in the lives of the Chinese people.It entails sustaining steady and healthy economic growth, scientifically managing the Chinese society, and effectively responding to the risks and challenges of external development.⑧长久以来，人们一直对市区公园是否应该收门票的话题争论不休。一些人认为市区公园是用纳税人的钱建立起来的，是供人们休闲、娱乐的公共场所，因此应该是免费的。另一方面，还有一些人称，考虑到中国人口众多，公民责任意识淡薄的情况，一旦免费开放市区公园，这些公园会管理不善，将不可避免地受到损坏。综合考虑两种观点，我较认同后者。可以确定的是市区公园免费开放要与经济发展情况相适应，因为这需要财政的支持。因此，以中国现有的经济水平，免费开放市区公园的目标要逐步实现。

【翻译词汇】 市区公园 urban park门票 entrance fee纳税人 taxpayer

休闲 leisure娱乐 entertainment公共场所 public establishment

考虑到 considering公民责任意识淡薄 lack of a sense of civic duty

较认同 be inclined to与…相适应 proceed with财政的 financial逐步 step by step

【精彩译文】

The question whether urban parks should charge an entrance fee or not has been a source of controversy for a long time.On the

one hand, some people claim that urban parks, supposed to be places where people have leisure and entertainment, are public establishments that have been created with taxpayers’ money and thus should be free.On the other hand, some others maintain that, considering China’s large population and lack of a sense of civic duty, once the parks are free of charge, they will not be properly managed and will inevitably be damaged.When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to the latter view.It’s certain that free entry to urban parks should proceed with economic development, as it needs financial support.Hence, the current economic level in China reflects that free entry to parks can only be realized step by step.⑨邓小平同志曾说：“社会主义财富属于人民，社会主义的致富是全民共同致富。”构建和谐社会，就是要把民生问题作为重中之重，让广大人民群众有活干，有学上，有饭吃，有衣穿，有屋住，病有医，老有养，生活幸福，都过上好日子。自此，在就业、教育、收入分配、医疗、养老、住房等领域，一大批关注民生的实事工程接连开工，一件件事关百姓冷暖的民生大事让各族群众喜笑颜开。

【翻译词汇】邓小平同志 comrade Deng Xiaoping社会主义的致富 socialist prosperity

全民共同致富 universal common prosperity构建和谐社会 build a harmonious society

民生问题 livelihood就业 employment收入分配 income distribution

医疗 health care养老 pension关注 focus on实事工程 practical project

让…喜笑颜开 light...up with pleasure各族群众 people of all nationalities

【精彩译文】 Comrade Deng Xiaoping once said, “Socialist wealth belongs to the people, the socialist prosperity is the universal common prosperity.” Building a harmonious society is to regard people’s livelihood as the priority among priorities, to help the masses live a happy life of having jobs, going to school, having food to eat, having clothes to wear, having houses to live in, and can be cured when in disease, and can be cared when they are old.From then on, in the fields of employment, education, income distribution, health care, pension, and housing, etc., a large number of practical projects focusing on livelihood have been started one by one;every activity about people’s livelihood has lighted people of all nationalities up with pleasure.⑩最近，一些地方大学开始将方言列为某些学生的必修课程，学生们要学习当地方言，然后被评分以作为毕业的依据之一。一方面，支持此种做法的人认为，将方言列为必修课可防止其消失，从而使当地传统文化和文化多样性得以弘扬，同时城市独特的个性得以保留。另一方面，反对此种做法的人争论说，当地学生与外地学生相比有很多绝对优势，因此将方言列为必修课会引起教育不公平的问题。而且，将方言列为必修课程还会引起一些其他问题，如教材使用、师资问题和考试标准等。在我看来，方言作为传统文化不可缺少的一部分和一种交流工具，可以让学生自愿学习和使用，而不是强制完成。

【翻译词汇】方言 dialect必修课程compulsory course依据 judging factor

支持 approve消失 extinguish文化多样性 cultural diversity

弘扬 enhance个性 identity争论说 contend绝对的 absolute

引起 give rise to/bring forth考试标准 examination standard

不可缺少的 indispensable自愿地 voluntarily学习acquire

【精彩译文】Recently, it has been practiced by some local universities that dialect is made a compulsory course for some students, under which students are subject to learning the local dialect and then graded as one of the judging factors for them to graduate.On the one hand, people approving the practice maintain that it will help to prevent the dialect from extinguishing so that the local traditional culture and the cultural diversity can be enhanced, and the unique urban identity can be preserved simultaneously.On the other hand, people in opposition to the practice contend that it will give rise to the appearance of educational inequality, for the local students will enjoy absolute advantages over those from other places.Moreover, the inclusion of dialect in compulsory courses will bring forth other problems like teaching material, teachers and examination standards.As far as I am concerned, dialects, as an indispensable part of local traditional culture as well as a tool for communication, can be acquired and used voluntarily, not compulsorily.11.随着中国经济迅速发展到新的高度，中国目前已经进入了大规模消费时代，中国民众的购买力随着中国市场经济的发展而迅速增长。因此，那些追求物质生活的人们只要有购买力，就不可避免地会购买奢侈品。一项报告显示，中国的奢侈品消费总额占全球市场份额的四分之一，且位居世界第二，仅次于日本。然而，从消费观念方面来讲，很多中国的消费者还处在“炫耀性消费”的阶段，这是一种不健康的状态。奢侈品不应该是炫耀的手段，或者是与权力、财富和社会关系相关的标志。

【翻译词汇】大规模消费时代 an era of mass consumption追求物质生活 pursue material life购买力 purchasing power因此 therefore奢侈品 luxury

占 account for市场份额 market share从…来讲 in regard to炫耀性消费 conspicuous consumption炫耀 show off与…相关 be associated with社会关系 social tie

【精彩译文】

As China has achieved new heights in its economy and recently entered an era of mass consumption, the purchasing power of Chinese people is rising along with the development of market economy.Therefore, it is inevitable that people who pursue material life buy luxuries as long as they can afford.According to a report, the total consumption of luxuries in China accounted for a quarter of the global market share and ranked second in the world after Japan.However, in regard to consumption concept, a large number of Chinese consumers are still in the stage of “conspicuous consumption”, which is unhealthy.Luxuries should not be the tools of showing off or signs associated with power, wealth and social ties.12.长江是中国最长的河流，也是世界第三长河，仅次于非洲的尼罗河和拉丁美洲的亚马逊河。长江总长度约为6 300米，发源于青海省，向东流入东海。长江流域是中国重要的农作物产区，粮、棉产量分别占全国总量的40%和30%。长江三峡大坝是世界上最大的水利枢纽工程之一，为通航、发电和运输带来了很大的便利。

【翻译词汇】长江 the Yangtze River/Chang Jiang尼罗河 the Nile亚马逊河 the Amazon

向东 eastward东海 East China Sea长江流域 the Yangtze River valley

农作物产区 agricultural base产量 output分别 respectively

长江三峡大坝 the Three Gorge Dam水利枢纽工程 water control project

为…带来便利 benefit通航 navigation发电 generate electricity

【精彩译文】

The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America.The river is about 6 300 km long and flows from its source in Qinghai Province, eastward into the East China Sea.The Yangtze River valley has always been an important agricultural base in China.Grain and cotton outputs make up 40 percent and 30 percent of China’s total respectively.As one of the largest water control project in the world, the Three Gorge Dam benefits for navigation, generating electricity and transportation.13.泰山称东岳，以“五岳独尊”的盛名享誉古今。按照“五行学说”，东方属木，主生发，有生命之源、万物之本的含义。这就是古代帝王通常在自己登基或晚年时到泰山封禅祭拜的原因。泰山拔地通天，气势磅礴，汉语又有“稳如泰山”、“重于泰山”之说。1987年，联合国教科文组织将泰山列为世界自然与文化遗产。

【翻译词汇】泰山 Mount Tai东岳 East Yue

五岳独尊 the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains

享誉 have a great reputation五行学说 the theory of five elements生发 liveliness

生命之源、万物之本 a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures

登基 be crowned封禅祭拜 make pilgrimages to稳如泰山 as firm as Mount Tai

重于泰山 as weighty as Mount Tai宣布 proclaim

【精彩译文】

Mount Tai, called “East Yue”, has a great reputation for the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains.According to the theory of five elements, the East belongs to mu, which means liveliness.Therefore, the East is a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures.This explains why important emperors made pilgrimages mostly to Mount Tai when they were crowned or in their later years.It is a symbol of loftiness and might, hence, there are the Chinese idioms: “as firm as Mount Tai” and “as weighty as

Mount Tai”.Mount Tai was proclaimed world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987.14.赵州桥坐落在洨河上，距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长50.82米，宽10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高7.23米，跨度为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆和柱子上雕刻着美丽的龙凤图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥之一，在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。

【翻译词汇】赵州桥 Zhaozhou Bridge洨河 Jiao River建造 construct匠师 mason 不可思议的 unusual弧形桥洞 arch跨度 span栏杆 railing

柱子 column龙凤 dragon and phoenix空腹式的 open-spandrel占有 occupy

【精彩译文】

Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiao River about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of Zhaoxian county.The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616.Designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, it’s made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 meters high with a span of 37.35 meters.The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs.One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in the history of Chinese bridge building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.【汉译英】波士顿咨询公司最近做的一项研究显示，到2020年中国将会有2.2亿家庭收入在2万到100万美元的富裕消费者。这些消费者中75%住在 “较小城市”。随着网络的发展，较小城市的消费者的一种必然趋势是他们更加依赖社交网络服务上的信息。很多网络顾客都是通过微信、微博和QQ空间分组的。据估计今年中国将会有2.5亿消费者进行网购，位于四线城市的消费者平均每人会花费他们50%或者更高的工资在网购上，这一数据要比一线城市的消费者的花费高。

【参考译文】A recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group says there will be 220 million affluent consumers, who are from households earning between $ 20,000 to $ 1 million, in China by 2020, and 75 percent of them will live in “smaller” cities.With the development of the Internet, an inevitable trend among these consumers is they are much more dependent on information from social networking services.Many of the website’s customers are “grouped” by Wechat, Weibo and QQ Zones.It is now estimated that 250 million Chinese consumers will shop online this year and the average shopper in a fourth-tier city in China will spend 50 percent or more of their income on e-commerce than those in top-tier cities。