第一篇：语法系列复习专题-----动词时态,被动语态
语法系列复习专题-----动词时态，被动语态 一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I´ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won´t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget，believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for„”, “since„”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It´s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It´s„这样的一般现在时。)
2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：
——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)
3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)
九、将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析
1．——Can I join your club,dad?
——You can when you______a bit older.(NMET)
A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize
析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.(NMET)A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared
析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses?
——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.(NMET)
A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。
5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.(NMET)A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。
6.——Do you know our town at all?
——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根据this/it is the first/second/„time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.(NMET)A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out 析：根据I don´t really work here.以及„until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。8.——Is this raincoat yours?
——No, mine______ there behind the door.(NMET)A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung
析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。
被动语态
一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分 例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”
3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won´t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：
1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。
被动语态考点分析
1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.(NMET)
A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed
析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。
2.——Do you like the material?
——Yes,it______very soft.(NMET)
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来„”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。
3．Great changes______ in the city, and a lot of factories______.(NMET)A.have been taken place„have been set up B.have taken place„have been set up C.have taken place„have set up D.were taken place„were set up
析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.(NMET)A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。5.I don´t know the restaurant,but it´s______to be quite a good one.(NMET)A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked
析：根据“某人/某物据说„”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said„”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET)A.has broken into„has been stolen B.has broken into„had been stolen C.has been broken into„stolen D.had been broken into„stolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.(NMET)
A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of„是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。
8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.(NMET)
A.are not kept„will have to B.are not kept„have to C.do not keep„will have to D.do not keep„have to
析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。
10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被„”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven´t been C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn´t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?
——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is„being given B.Was„given C.Has„been given D.Hasn´t„been given 析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said
析：It was said that„可以改为We heard it said that„(都表示“据说„”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。
动词时态、语态专练
1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out
2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read
5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?
A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited
6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET)A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
——He´s already been______.(NMET)
A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for
8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided
10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don´t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I´ve been told B.I´ve told C.I´m told D.I told
13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET)A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said
15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?
——Oh,excellent.It´s worth______a second time.(NMET)A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read
17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET)A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET)A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given 19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put
C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______?
A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday?
A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book____on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun D.would get;began
27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied D.should study
28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since?
A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?
——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?
——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites
32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing C.having written D.to have written
33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?
——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it B.you had heard it
C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it
35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.(NMET)
A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be
38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten
39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving(NMET)
40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?
——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET)A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)
A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be
42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT)
A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)
A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy
44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET)A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell
45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed
C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed
47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells
48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET)
A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)
A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come
动词时态、语态专练答案
1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A
21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D
41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B
第二篇：河南专升本考试英语语法系列复习专题——动词时态,被动语态
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不 大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：
——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry，finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）
2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)
3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)
4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)
九、将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析
1．——Can I join your club,dad?
——You can when you______a bit older.A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got 析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.A.didn’t recognize
B.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recongnize
析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______my glasses? ——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。
5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 析：答案B。道理同4。
6.——Do you know our town at all? ——No,this is the first time I______here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going 析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I don’t really work here.I______until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out
B.have just helped out
C.am just helping out D.will just help out
析：根据I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。
8.——Is this raincoat yours? ——No,mine______there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。
被动语态
一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”
被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).
3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike.2）A bike was lent to me(by her).4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词 是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was)proved right.3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词 有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：
1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。
被动语态考点分析
1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2.——Do you like the material?
——Yes,it______very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt 析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等 变化。
3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.A.have been taken place…have been set up
B.have taken place…have been set up
C.have taken place…have set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。
5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked 析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。
6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.A.has broken into…has been stolen B.has broken into…had been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen
D.had been broken into…stolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will______.A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of 析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept…will have to
B.are not kept…have to
C.do not keep…will have to
D.do not keep…have to
析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。10.This sentence needs______.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面 可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited.A.am not B.haven’t been
C.was not D.will not be 析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。
12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?
——No,It is still in my pocket.A.Is…being given B.Was…given C.Has…been given D.Hasn’t…been given
析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。
13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.A.say B.said C.to say D.be said 析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。
动词时态、语态专练
1.The maths problem can be______.A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out 2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read 5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party? A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited 6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White? ——He’s already been______.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don’t want anything______about it.A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.——Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.I’ve been told
B.I’ve told
C.I’m told
D.I told 13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said 15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?
——Oh,excellent.It’s worth______a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read 17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking.18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given
19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.——I______it right here but now it’s gone.A.did you put;have put
B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______? A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday? A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun
D.would get;began 27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied
D.should study 28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.——______you______her since? A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?
——When he______,I’ll let you know.A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes
D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?
——She______the apple more than she could chew.A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites 32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.A.finishing writing B.to finish writing
C.having written
D.to have written 33.——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?
——But I______that you______me to start at once.A.don’t realize;want
B.don’t realize;wanted
C.haven’t realized;want
D.didn’t realize;wanted 34.——I missed the lecture last night.——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.A.you heared it
B.you had heard it
C.you never heard it
D.you hadn’t heard it
35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36.——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.——It’s 9586442.A.didn’t
B.couldn’t
C.don’t
D.can’t 37.——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten
B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten 39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving 40.——Who is Jerry Cooper?
——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don’t you meet him yet
B.Hadn’t you met him yet
C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41.——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.A.wasn’t
B.hadn’t been
C.wouldn’t be
D.won’t be
42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened 43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy 44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read;was falling
B.was reading;fell
C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell 45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.A.didn’t realize;had passed
B.don’t realize;passed
C.haven’t realized;passed
D.hadn’t realized;had passed
47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late.——Let’s hurry up.A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells 48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived.——I didn’t know she______.A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come
动词时态、语态专练答案
1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B
－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D 11
第三篇：动词被动语态
动词被动语态
一、用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空
1.When _____ the first man-made satellite _______（send）up into space ?
2.Last year vegetables ______（grow）in the garden by Tom and he ______（sell）
them himself.3.She ______（help）him with his homework tomorrow evening.4.How many magazines ______（can borrow）in your library every week ?
5.John ______（hear）to go upstairs two hours ago.6.－Who ______（save）her father ?
－He ______（save）by that policeman.7.The doctor ______（send for）because his grandpa was ill.8.Mooncakes ______（make）by his mother every year.______ your mother _____（make）mooncakes for you every year ?
9.Some toys ______（buy）as a presents for these children last Monday.10._____ paper ______（make）of wood ?
11.I began ___________（educate）when I was six.12.I don’t imagine you’ll refuse ___________（promote）, will you?
13.They allowed him __________（admit）.14.You car engine sounds dreadful.You ought to have it ___________.（look at）
15.These days, even the most remote place area on earth ___________（visit）by tourists.Package tours ___________（can arrange）for almost anywhere, from the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)and the Amazonian jungle(亚马逊雨林).二、把下列句子改成被动语态They owe a lot of money to the bank.______________________________________________________________ 2 The scientists have proved that there is no life on the moon.______________________________________________________________ 3 You can buy videos like this one anywhere.______________________________________________________________ 4 Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.______________________________________________________________ 5 Someone may have already written the history of the European Community.______________________________________________________________When we arrived home, we found that someone had broken one of our windows.1
______________________________________________________________ 7 The Greens have sold their car to pay their debts.______________________________________________________________ 8 They hold a meeting in the village hall once a week.______________________________________________________________ 9 The investors are building a new supermarket near the cinema.______________________________________________________________ 10 They are taking the refugees to a camp outside the village
______________________________________________________________
三、改错
1.After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment damaged.2.I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.Has it all finished.3.More patients had been treated in hospital this year than last year.4.The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945，and their power is increased enormously ever since.5.According to the art dealer, the painting expected to go for at least a million dollars.6.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to tell the film stars had left.7.When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.8.The flu is believed being caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.9.When first being introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.10.Hundreds of jobs will lose if the factory closes.11.A new cinema is built here.They hope to finish it next month.12.Rainforests had been cut and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in near future.13.The story was happened in London.四、汉译英。
1.这种裙子到处都看得到。
This style of dress _________ ________ ________ everywhere.2.窗子已经关了。
The windows _________ _________ __________.3.我认为青少年应该多做运动。
I think teenagers _________ _________ __________ ________
4.昨天有人听到你因为没考好哭了。
You ________ ________ _____ yesterday because you failed the exam.5.运动会将在下周召开。
The sports meeting _________ _________ _______ next week.这座宫殿建于1875年。
The palace ___________ _________ __________ 1875.足球将比赛什么时候举行？
When __________ the football game __________ __________?你应该自己做家庭作业。
Your homework _________ _________ _________ by _________.9这本书肯定是韩寒写的The book _________ ________ __________ ________ Han Han.说汉语的人最多。
Chinese _________ _________ _________ most people in the world.据说，她能说几种外国语。
_________________________________________________________________ 12 这个问题明天上午讨论吗？
_________________________________________________________________ 13 必须指出台湾问题是中国的内政（internal affairs）
_________________________________________________________________
五、语法填空
HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES
Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker.When he 1__________(die)recently, he 2__________(give)a magnificent funeral which 3__________(attend)by hundreds of famous people.The funeral was going to 4__________(hold)in Westminster Abby.Many ordinary people 5__________(line)the streets to watch the procession.The wonderful black and gold carriage 6__________(draw)by six black horses.The mourners 7__________(follow)in silence.Lord Manners8___________(given)a royal farewell.Tow tramps were among the crowd.They 9__________(watch)the procession with amazement.As solemn music 10_________(could hear)in the distance, one of them 11_________(turn)to the other and 12_________（whisper）
3admiration，’Now that’s what I call really living!’
六、完形填空
FISHY TALES
Mermaids（美人鱼）1_____by sailors for centuries.The basis of all mermaid myths 2_____ to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus!Mermaids used 3_____ in funfairs until recently.It all began in 1817 when a ‘mermaid’ 4_____ for $6,000 by a sailor in the South Pacific.She was eventually sold to the great circus owner Barnum.She 5_____in 1842 as ‘the Feejee Mermaid’.It 6_____that she earned Barnum $ 1,000 a week!The thousands who saw this mermaid must 7_____.She 8_____ by a Japanese fisherman.A monkey’s head had been delicately（精美地）sewn(缝)to the tail（燕尾服）of a large salmon.The job 9_____ that the join between the fish and the monkey was invisible.Real imagination must 10_____ to see this revolting creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair.1.A.had been seenB.saw
C.have been seenD.was saw
2.A.supposeB.is supposed
C.had supposedD.have been supposed
3.A.to be shownB.to show
C.shownD.being shown
4.A.has been boughtB.bought
C.had been boughtD.was bought
5.A.has been exhibitedB.was exhibited
C.had been exhibitedD.exhibited
6.A.was saidB.said
C.has been saidD.had said
7.A.had been disappointedB.disappointed
C.have been disappointedD.were disappointed
8.A.was cleverly madeB.have been cleverly made
C.is cleverly madeD.was being cleverly made
9.A.was being so skillful doneB.have been so skillful done
C.is so skillful doneD.had been so skillful done
10.A.have requiredB.have been required
C.be requiredD.require
第四篇：低级语法动词的时态教案
第十一章 动词的时态教案.教学日期：2017.5.19
15：00-17：00
Teacher: Elaine 动词的时态教学设计
一、学习者分析
这个班的学生的英语基础比较低，对于语法的认识可能是一无所知或者是模模糊糊，所以通过学习本节内容，让学生更系统的认识动词的时态的使用。
二、教学内容分析
1、本节的主要内容及在本章中的地位
本节的主要内容有时态的定义，一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时，（过去完成时，过去进行时）过去完成时，从而再与之前所学的动词的基本形式的对比，让学生理解动词的基本形式在动词的时态中的运用，时态在语法中占非常重要的比例，在考试时也占据了重要比分。
本节课的内容比较容易模棱两可，时态太多，动词的基本形式难以区分。大多数学生学起来有一定难度，在教学中通过设疑提问，引导学生观察、分析比较和归纳，使之逐步掌握动词的时态的相关知识。
2、教学重点、难点
重点：时态的定义，一般现在时，一般将来时，一般过去时，现在进行时，现在完成时。
难点：动词的基本形式在动词的时态中的灵活运用，对时态的一个区分。
三、教学目标 【知识与技能】
1、理解时态的定义
2、掌握一般现在时的定义，理解一般现在时的构成，明白一般现在时中动词的形式：动词原形，第三人称单数。
3、掌握一般将来时的定义，理解一般将来时的构成，明白一般将来时中动词的形式：动词原形。
4、掌握一般过去时的定义，理解一般过去时的构成，明白一般过去时中动词的形式：动词过去式。
5、掌握现在进行时的定义，理解现在进行时的构成，明白现在进行时中动词的形式：动词的现在分词。
6、掌握现在完成时的定义，理解现在完成时的构成，明白现在完成时中动词的形式：动词过去分词。【过程与方法】
1、通过让学生观察、比较，加深动词时态的语法使用。
2、通过做练习，能灵活的判断各个时态，并理解各个时态中动词的形式。
【情感态度与价值观】
1、通过感受时态在语法中的重要作用，激发对语法学习
2、通过对时态的学习，树立主动学以致用的意识。
四、教学策略选择与设计
本节课将以教学大纲为依据，采用“教师为主导、学生为主体”的教学系统设计模式，在教学过程中，通过设疑提问，引导学生自主发现问题，培养的学生主观能动性；最后，通过课堂练习，进一步巩固所学内容知识，并对学生当堂课学的情况进行反馈和补充。
五、教学过程设计
Step 1 : Pre-task preparation 1.Greeting T: Hello,boys and girls.Ss:Hello,Elaine.T：How are you today? Ss:I am fine, thank you.T:OK,good, 2.Roll call T:Very good.next , let’s have a roll call, when I call your name, please hands up and say “here” OK? Ss:OK T:Let’s begain.(点名)（板书加分机制）
Step 2 : while-task procedure 1.Lead-in T:Do you remember what we have learned last week ? Ss:Yes
T:What have we leaned? Ss:verb./ 动词/ V.T:Wonderful!在讲解动词时，我们重点讲解了动词的形式，right？ Ss:Yes!T:OK, good!Who can tell me something about it? S1:动词原形/V原
T：Wonderful , anything else? S3:V-ing / 动词的ing形式/动词的现在分词。。。。（复习动词的各个形式，已经变化规则）T：那么今天我们继续学习动词的时态，tense，Do you know what is tense? S4:......S6:......S9:.....T: Very good!英语时态就是用动词的形式变化来表示不同时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。
在英语中，每一句话都至少包含一种时态，所以我们应该认识到时态的重要性，我们今天要学习五种时态。下面我们一一地来认识它们。2.一般现在时（主+do/does）用 法：
A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B)习惯用语。
C)经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others.（他总是帮助别人。）D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）
How often does this shuttle bus run?（这班车多久一趟？）
F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情。例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）
2.现在进行时(主+ be doing)用法：现在正在进行的动作。3.一般过去时（主+did）用法：
A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）
C)有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）注意事项：
A)注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B)used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do
都对。Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示“过去常常或过去曾经”，要求加动词原形；后者表示“习惯于”，要求加名词或动名词。一般将来时 用法：
A)基本结构是will / shall do, be going to do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）B)有
些
动
词，如
：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。例g here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）
C)表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）
D)表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例
：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）E)“be to do”的5种用法：
a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你
：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is stayin准会在实验室见到她。）
b)该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令规劝性语气。
例
：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）c)能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may）
例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）d)不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。
例
：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to C.is attended D.is attended to will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。e)用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或if ……should）
例
：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been 答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。” F)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。例our team has been scored 7 points.（教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。）
现在完成时(have done)用 法：
A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。例
：
：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell 答案是C)haven't sold。
B)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for 加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challenge C)have been challenged B)may be challenged D)are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修 正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。C)表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, loseJohn has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）注意事项
A)现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表 示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。
例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。
这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院
等。例：了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）B)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。例：My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表
语
表
示
状
态，可
以
延续）My sister has married.Don't disturb her.（终端动词）
C)在“this is the first/ second/ third„„ time that„„”句型里要求用完成时。例
：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）
D)句型“It is/ has been„„since”所使用的两种时态都正确。例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。）
E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely „„when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成时。例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。）
Step 3.练习题巩固，总结 Step 4.家庭作业 Step 5.学生回忆 Step 6.学生对课程的反馈 Step 7.课后反思
第五篇：内部资料高考英语语法复习系列-动词时态、被动语态讲与练
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。If it rains tomorrow, I will not go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。
常见的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget, believe, trust, want, wish, refuse, like, hate, dislike, prefer, mind, hope等。
三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而
一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。She was very clean.She is very clean and she has cleaned the room.2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，I have seen that film.我看过那部电影了
但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”, 表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.5.瞬间动词join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。(×)He has finished the work for three hours 他已完成工作三小时了。
1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.五、一般过去时
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。
They were still working when I left.3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。
I was writing while he was watching TV.4.表示过去将来动作。
He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。
At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do（侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）2.be going to do(主观上打算或客观上可能发生)3.be doing(按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)4.be about to do(按计划即将发生)
九、将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.主动和被动
一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态
That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctor has been sent for.已经派人请大夫去了。Time must be made good use of.时间一定要充分利用。The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been done away with.坏习惯已经改掉了。
He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。
二、get + 过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化
She got married last week.她上周结婚了。
The patient got treated once a week.那位病菌人一周得到一次治疗。He fell off the car and got killed.他从车上摔下来，摔死了。
三、主动形式表被动意义 系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词/名词构成系表结构。The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.表示开始、结束、运动的动词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。Work began at 7 o’clock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词
read, write, act, iron, cut draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink
这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。
This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。The door won’t lock.这门锁不上。
Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鲜。Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得好。
This material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。His book does not sell.他的书没有销路。Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔好写。This lock won’t catch.这锁锁不上。The match won’t catch.火柴擦不着。
The plan worked out wonderfully.这计划制定得很好。The recorder won’t play.这录音机不转。The engine won’t start.引擎发动不起来。This knife cuts well.这把刀子很快。The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义print, cook, fry, hang, build, make。
The books are printing.这本书正在排印中。The neat is cooking.肉在煮。
5．介词in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式，名词前不用冠词。under control(受控制)
under treatment(在治疗中)
under repair(在修理中)under discussion(在讨论中)
under construction(在施工中)
beyond belief(令人难以置信)for sale(出售)
in print(在印刷中)
in sight(在视野范围内)on sale(出售)
on show(展出)
on trial(受审)
out of control(控制不了)
out of sight(超出视线之外)
out of one’s reach(够不着)
The building is under construction(is being constructed).The rumor is beyond belief(= can’t be believed).His honest character is above all praise.(= His honest character cannot be praised enough.)That house is for sale.(= That house is to be sold.)The book is not yet in print(= is not yet printed).Today some treasures are on show in the museum(= are being showed).The plane was out of control(can’t be controlled).He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.6． 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
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