第一篇：2014届高考英语一轮复习配套训练：第一部分 英语知识运用 第一节专题九 定语从句和名词性从句 Word版含解析
专题九 定语从句和名词性从句
1.(2012·高考大纲卷)That evening，________ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．when
2．(2012·高考天津卷)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.A．whoB．whoseC．whomD．which
3．(2012·高考福建卷)The air quality in the city, ________ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A．thatB．itC．asD．what
4．(2012·高考福建卷)We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A．whoB．whomC．whoeverD．whomever
5．(2012·高考湖南卷)Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter ________ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A．whyB．howC．whetherD．when
6．(2012·高考浙江卷)I made a promise to myself ________this year，my first year in high school，would be different.A．whetherB．whatC．thatD．how
7．(2012·高考浙江卷)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A．whyB．whenC．to whomD．on which
8．(2012·高考四川卷)In our class there are 46 students，________ half wear glasses.A．in whomB．in themC．of whomD．of them
9．(2012·高考江西卷)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.A．whetherB．whereC．whichD．that
10．(2012·高考安徽卷)A lot of language learning，________has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A．asB．itC．whichD．this
11．(2012·高考北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently.A．whyB．howC．thatD．whether
12．(2012·高考北京卷)When deeply absorbed in work, ________ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．when
13．(2012·高考山东卷)Maria has written two novels，both of ________ have been made into television series.A．themB．thatC．whichD．what
14．(2012·高考山东卷)It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A．howB．whetherC．whatD．why
15．(2012·高考江苏卷)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，________ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.A．whichB．whoC．whereD．what
16．(2012·高考重庆卷)Sales director is a position________communication ability is just as
important as sales skills.A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where
17．(2012·高考新课标卷)It is by no means clear ________ the president can do to end the strike.A．howB．whichC．thatD．what
18．(2012·高考陕西卷)It is the third time that she has won the race, ________ has surprised us all.A．thatB．whereC．whichD．what
专题九 定语从句和名词性从句
1．B 考查定语从句，句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，因此我将晚些时候告诉你关于它更多的一些事情。本题中应发现about与evening在从句中存在着介宾关系，故判断该从句是定语从句，应使用关系代词，故D项错。A项that不能引导非限制性定语从句，C项what不能引导定语从句。故B项正确。
2．B 句意：我希望能感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我就不会取得这样的成就。考查定语从句引导词。
3．C 考查非限制性定语从句，as指代主句内容，其它三项无此用法。句意：这些城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到改善，正如在报告中所提到的。
4．C 考查名词性从句。promise后需一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主句，因此B、D错误。根据句意可知选C。
5．C 句意：村里的每一个人都很友好，无论你在这里住的时间长短都没有关系。本题考查名词性从句。句首的It是形式主语，此处需要的是一主语从句；根据句意，此处并不需要“为什么”、“如何”或“什么时候”等时间状语，所以排除A、B、D，答案选C。
6．C 句意：我对自己许诺，今年，也是我上高中的第一年将是新的一年。考查同位语从句。故选C。
7．B 句意：我们生活在一个比以前更能轻松掌握更多信息的时代。考查定语从句。age指时间，at/in an age在某时代，故D项错，所以选B。
8．C 句意：我们班有46名学生，他们中的一半戴眼镜。本题考查非限制性定语从句，故先排除B、D两项。介词of可表范围，故答案为C。
9．D 句意：他突然想起来他把钥匙落在办公室里了。本题考查主语从句。that 引导的主语从句后移，由 it 作形式主语置于句首，由于从句中不缺句子成分，故选D。
10．A 句意：正如所被发现的那样，许多语言学习出现在幼年时期，因而那时父母应多与孩子交谈。考查as非限制性定语从句，可放句首，也可放句中。
11．C 句意：Jerry并不后悔所给出的评判，但是感觉到本可以用另一种方式来表达。本题考查宾语从句，在宾语从句中，该空只起连接作用并不作成分，且该从句为陈述句，所以选that。
12．B 句意：他过去经常这样，当沉浸于工作时常常会达到废寝忘食的地步。该题考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。________ he often was补充完整为：he often was deeply absorbed in work，故用which来代指逗号前面提到的句子内容，所以选B。
13．C 句意：Maria已经写了两部小说，都被拍成了电视连续剧。本题考查定语从句。both of which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是novels，故选C项。
14．B 句意：在这家商店，你用现金或信用卡付款都没关系。本题考查主语从句，whether与or连用引导主语从句，it作形式主语。
15．B 句意：洪水过后，那个地区的人们遭受了很多痛苦，急需干净的水，医药和避难所。本题考查定语从句。定语从句缺主语，故排除where，what，只能指代上面的情境；which，指物。而此处应指people，故选who。
16．D 句意：销售厂长是一个交际能力和销售技能同等重要的一个职位。本题考查定语从句。先行词position在从句中作地点状语，“在这个职位上”交际能力和销售技能同等重要。
17．D 句意：总统会采取什么措施来结束罢工，现在一点也不明朗。本题考查主语从句。it是形式主语，what引导的从句是真正的主语，并且what在从句中作do的宾语。故答案为D项。
18．C 句意：这是她第三次在赛跑中获奖，这使我们所有人都很惊奇。本题考查定语从句用法。本句先行词是前面整个句子It is the third time that she has won the race，故用which引导定语从句，选C。
第二篇：英语高考复习---定语从句讲解及练习解析
英语高考复习---定语从句讲解及练习解析
第一部分:基础知识
（一）．定语从句概述
定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。
定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。
（二）．定语从句的引导词。
定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（when, where, why），引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。
（三）．关系代词
1.that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
This is the photo that I took in the country.He is the singer that I met yesterday.2.which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句
The film which we saw last night was moving.3.who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。
The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4.whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。
That is the professor whom you want to know.5.whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。
I know the boy whose parents are dead.I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
（四）．关系副词
关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。
1，when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.I’ll never forget the day when(on which)I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.2，where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school where(at which)I studied.3，why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.That’s the real reason why(for which)he was late.第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法
（一）关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况: 1，先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot ，none , few 等不定代词时。
My mother was so proud of all that I did 2，先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。
This is the very book that I’m looking for.3，先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。
This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen.When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake.4，the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用that 或as引导 , 但意义不同。
This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday.(表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday.(表示就是那个)5，先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。
Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday 6，There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导 , 不用which。
There’s a seat in the corner that is still free.7，句子前面出现了who , which 时 , 后面的定语从句用that引导。
They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before.Who is the man that you were talking about just now ? 8，关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that , 而不用which、who。
My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago.Tom isn’t the man that he used to be(二)
关系代词指人时, 有时只用who ,而不用that。
1，先行词为指人的代词one , those , the man,以及人称代词如he等。
Those who are often late for school should be punished.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2，先行词为someone(somebody), no one(nobody), anyone(anybody), everyone
(everybody)。
Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time.3，先行词指人时, 如有序数词, 最高级, the very , the only ,the last等修饰 , 定语 从句既可用that也可用who引导。
He is the first student who / that worked out the problem.(三)
关系代词whose的用法：
1，whose 在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…”，既可指人，也可指物。
John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist.The old man lived in the house whose window was broken.The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers.2，whose 可以转换为of which（物）和of whom（人）。
1)The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine.(划线部分可改为the cover of which或of which the cover)2)They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday.(划线部分可改为 the car of whom 或 of whom the car)(四)
which的特殊用法：
1，关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，which 只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。
1）In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries.2）Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry.2，which 有时可在定语从句中作定语 , 含义上相当于指示代词this / that。
1)He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well.2)It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I won’t go fishing.【注】：
which的这种用法与whose 作定语不同。whose 表示“ 先行词的… ”。
They’re talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten.3，以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时 , 可借关系代词which把介词前置。
1）Tomorrow would be Christmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.2）Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live.【注】
如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom。
I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to England.(五)
关系代词as的用法：
1.引导限制性定语从句：
当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ； as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。
1).I have never seen such a kind girl as she is.2).He is such a good teacher(so good a teacher)as every student respects.比较：He is such a good teacher(so good a teacher)that every student respects him.(此句为such / so … that引导的结果状语从句)3).Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam.4).He bought the same bike as I did last week.区别 that I did last week
2.引导非限制性定语从句：
as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容，可译为“这一点，此事；正如”，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常见于
as we all know，as has been said above，as is usual，as is often the case，as everybody can see，as is known to us all等结构。1).He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us.2).As we all know , the earth moves around the sun.3).This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last.3.，如前所述 , which也可引导这种从句 , 两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)1）Those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting.2）They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected.但在以下两种情况下有区别 ：
1).as从句可位于句首(或主句前), 而which从句只能在主句后。
As is often the case , we have worked out the production plan.2).关系代词作主语时, 如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构, 则只能用which。
His father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised.3）当which 在从句中指代的是先行词而不是主句，只能用which The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mike’s.4）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.5）当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时只能用which引导。
He result of the experiment was very good,which we hadn't expected
6）“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.第三部分：关系副词的特殊用法
（一）关系副词when , where , why的用法：
1.关系代词(which / that)与关系副词(when, where, why)的选取方法： A)当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。
B)如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候, 选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词 +which”。
1)Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ? Do you remember the day when(= on which)we visited the mountain village ? 2)This is the factory which / that we visited last year.This is the factory where(= in which)he worked last year.3)
We don’t believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late.We don’t know the reason why(= for which)he has changed his mind.2.关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion , stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why只修饰reason 这一个先行词。
1)Now you can see we’ve come to the point where a change is badly needed.2)Today we’ll discuss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it
properly.3)There are few occasions when my students can’t understand what I teach in class.3.when和where 在少数情况下可作介词宾语。
1).The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house.（where 指代behind the door。不能换为which，因为which只能指代the door）
2).They went to American three years ago，since when they have lived there.(when指代three years ago。不能换为which，因为which只能指代three years =and since then)(二)
that在有些句型中可视为关系副词：
way后面的定语从句常用that或in which引导 , 但可省略。
I don’t like the way(that / in which)you speak to your parents.The way(in which / that)he worked on the problem was wrong.[注]： 如果way在从句中作主语或宾语, 应该用关系代词which / that。
He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept.2.It is(about , high)time that …
(正)是 …… 的时候了。
that从句中常用一般过去时, that在口语中可省略。It was high time that we stopped pollution.It is time that you had lunch now.比较There was a time when(during which)we were short of oil.3.This is the first(second ,… last)time that …
(从句中常用完成时态)
This is / will be the last time that I have come to China.It was the first time that he had been invited to China.第四部分：定语从句有关要注意的问题
(一)关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。.先行词只有one of 修饰时 , 从句谓语用复数。
He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan.This is one of the best books that were written by the writer.2.one of 前有the，the only，the very，the first时 , 从句谓语用单数。
Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth.(二)
定语从句的隔离现象：
定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要注意找准先行词。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village.Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ?
(around adv.在周围)The days are gone when we used foreign oil.(主句谓语较短, 隔开先行词与定语从句)2.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。
1)
He is the man who I think is fit for the job.2)
---Is that the small town you often refer to ?
---Right , just the one where you know I used to work for years.(三)
定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：
Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree.Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow.(四)
注意区别定语从句和其他从句：.区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre.(状语从句)A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre.(定语从句)2.区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。
1)This is the company in which he worked three years ago.(which 引导定语从句)2)A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.(what宾语从句)3.区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。
The news that he won the match made us excited.(同位语从句)The news(that)he told us made us very excited.(定语从句)
【注】：同位语从句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that从句仍然完整。定语从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
训练题
1.Robert went to Shanghai in his twenties _________ several years later, he became a company director.A.when
B.where
C.which
D.who 2.The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy ________ parents had been killed in an accident.A.whose
B.who
C.with whom
D.his 3.Last week our school put on an English play _____ Jim acted an important part.A.which
B.when
C.where
D.what 4.The boss, _____company Ms.King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.A.in which
B.in that
C.in whose
D.whose 5.Hangzhou, _______ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.A.which
B.where
C.to there
D.from which 6.Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.A.which
B.there
C.that
D.where 7.This is an important subject ______ we might argue for a long time.A.about it
B.with which
C.about which
D.with it 8.These old pictures bring to their mind the college days ______ they spent together, ____ life was hard but happy.A.which;when
B.when;which
C.which;which
D.when;when
9.The reason _______ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply ______ he admired the sights here so much.A.why;that
B.why;why
C.which;that
D.which;why 10.A new type of car is on sale on the market, _____ makes it attractive to young people.A.its low price
B.what low price C.the low price of which
D.the low price of it 11.It is in the factory _______ you're going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of computer is made.A./;that
B.where;that
C./;where
D.that;which 12.We are in a difficult situation ________ we don't develop new products, we will end up closing our doors.A.if
B.where
C.if where
D.where if 13.Mr.Wilson has been to many cities in China, ______he thinks, Shanghai has impressed him most.A.with which
B.in which
C.of which
D.on which 14.You can hardly imagine the rate ________ his car has been running on the freeway.A.with which
B.to which
C.at which
D.for which 15.Sometimes our success depends on ______ we are lucky or not and sometimes it depends on the manner ______we conduct our life.A.whether;of which B.whether;in which C.that;by which D.that;for which 16.It's dangerous for you to use a kind of medicine ____________.A.that you are allergic to
B.that is allergic to you
C.which is allergic for you
D.which you are allergic for 17.Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _______ made him upset.A.who;that
B.as;that
C.who;which
D.as;which 18.I often think of the hours _____ I stayed with you, ____ have a great effect on my life.A./;which
B.which;who
C.which;that
D.when;which 19.I shall never forget those days _______ I lived in the city with the workers, ______ has had a great effect on my life.A.which;that
B.which;which
C.when;which
D.when;who 20.This is one of the most exciting football games ________ I have ever seen.A.where
B.that
C.what
D.which 21.We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _____ we had visited there.A.which
B.whom
C.who
D.that 22.The girl _____ we met yesterday is a film star, _____ played the leading role in the film _____we saw last time.A.when;who;which
B.that;that;/
C./;who;/
D.that;that;that 23.It is the second school _______ I used to work at, many teachers of ______ still have a good relation with me.A.which;that
B.where;that
C.that;that
D.that;which 24._______ was known to them, the manager had broken his promise _______ he would give them a rise.A.As;what
B.It;that
C.It;what
D.As;that 25.When you visit his family, you may chat for an hour or so, ________ not even a cup of coffee or a glass of water is offered.A.by this time
B.by which time
C.during this time
D.during which time 26.There are some cases _______ students obviously know the school rules but don't obey them.A.why
B.where
C.as
D.which 27.The expert offered us another piece of advice, _______ of great help to our program.A.I think it is
B.I think which is
C.which I think it is D.which I think is 28.He hid in a nearby palm tree, ______ he could see the patrols searching for him.A.from where
B.from which
C.there
D.which 29.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.what 30.They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.it
B.which
C.that
D.what
31._______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.A.How;that
B.That;which
C.That;which
D.What;that 32 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _____ I will always
treasure.A.that
B.it
C.one
D.what 33.The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.A.when
B.during which
C.since then
D.since when 34.Is this hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one
B.that
C.where
D.which 35.Is this the hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one
B.that
C.where
D.which 36..Is it in the hotel_______he stayed last year ?
A.the one
B.that
C.where
D.which 37.Is this hotel_______he complained about?
A.the one
B.that
C.where
D.which
The days are gone
physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A when
B that
C where
D which 39 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.A when
B where
C that
D which 40 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______ of course, made all the others upset.A who
B which
C what
D that
定语从句训练题解析
1.【解析】答案为B。where引导的是定语从句，修饰的是Shanghai。句意：Robert二十几岁时去了上海，在那里几年后，他成了一个公司主管。
2.【解析】答案为A。whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy。句意：那对好心的夫妇决定收养那个父母在事故中死亡的孩子。
3.【解析】答案为C。本题考查定语从句。act a part in a play在戏剧中扮演角色。该句中play为先行词，介词in后需用which来引导定语从句，而in which相当于where.4.【解析】答案为C。whose company Ms.King worked in是一个定语从句，修饰boss。本句中介词in提到关系代词前。
5.【解析】答案为B。pay a visit to...参观 / 游览（某地），where we paid a visit last spring是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Hangzhou的情况，其中，where相当于to which。
6【解析】答案为D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词online；where在从句中作地点状语，意思是“在网络上”。as most of them think作插入语。7.【解析】答案为C。argue(with sb.)about / over sth.关于某事与某人争吵。本句为包含定语从句的主从复合句，介词about提到了关系代词前。
8【解析】答案为A。which引导定语从句修饰days，因为从句中spent是及物动词，所以选which作宾语。when也引导定语从句，修饰days，因为句子结构完整，所以when在句中作时间状语。
9.【解析】答案为C。which在定语从句中作gave的宾语;第二空的that引导表语从句。
10.【解析】答案为C。该句是由which引导的非限定性定语从句，which代替先行词a new type of car，C选项相当于whose low price。
11【解析】答案为A。第一空考查定语从句的引导词，先行词是物，可用that或which,因为在从句作to 的宾语，that和which可省略；第二空为强调句的引导词，只能用that。
12【解析】答案为D。定语从句的先行词为situation，表示抽象地点，所以从句要用关系副词where来引导；定语从句中又包含有一个状语从句，因此选D。13【解析】答案为C。根据句子结构可看出是对定语从句的考查，which指代先行词cities，of which表示范围，“在去过的城市中”。
14【解析】答案为C。“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句，at which中的which指代前面的rate，它前面一般加介词at表示“以……速度”。
15【解析】答案为B。第一空构成whether...or not 结构，表示“是否……”；第二空缺定语从句的引导词，该定语从句的先行词是表示方式的manner，而表示“以某种方式”用in a manner，所以第二空应用in which。16.【解析】答案为A。be allergic to sth.(某人)对……过敏,medicine为先行词,关系代词可用that或which。
17【解析】答案为D。此题考查such(...)as结构，这里as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句。
18.【解析】答案为D。______ I stayed with you是定语从句，修饰先行词the hours，关系代词在定语从句中作时间状语，因此用when。由于第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，所以用which，指代前面整个主句。
19.【解析】答案为C。第一空用when引导定语从句，在句中作状语，先行词为those days；第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代those days when I
lived...workers。
20.【解析】答案为B。当先行词有最高级修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that，不能用which。
21【解析】答案为D。the teachers and the schools是先行词,包含人和物，用that引导。
22.【解析】答案为C。考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能用that；关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
23【解析】答案为D。第一空填that，是因为先行词用序数词修饰；第二空填which，考查“介词 + which”引导定语从句的用法。
24【解析】答案为D。本句话的意思为：正如大家所知道的，经理违背了他说要给他们加工资的诺言。第一空填as，用来引导非限制性定语从句，as用来代替后一句话的意思；第二个空后的句子用来说明promise的具体内容，起补充说明的作用，是同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故选that。25【解析】答案为D。先行词为an hour or so。本句中during which time引导非限制性定语从句，意为“在此一小时左右的时间内”。
26【解析】答案为 B。situation, case和point作先行词，后跟定语从句时，若这几个词在从句中作状语，则定语从句常用where引导。
27【解析】答案为D。I think在从句中作插入语，which是定语从句的主语。28【解析】答案为 A。本题考查from where引导的定语从句，此处from where相当于from in a nearby palm tree。句意为：他藏在附近的一颗棕榈树里，从那里可以看到搜查他的巡逻队。
29【解析】答案为C。句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附
近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
30【解析】答案为D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was)，相当于 the thing that made matters worse。
31【解析】答案为A.。how引导主语从句，that引导同位语从句
32【解析】答案为C。此时，one 是分句的先行词，同时one 是 moment 的同位语
33【解析】答案为.D。此时when 相当于 in 1946 , 最简单的说法就是 and since then , and since the / this that = which 34【解析】答案为C。where引导表语从句，并非定语从句；如原句在hotel前加the，则为定语从句；A项改为the one where也正确，可理解为where引导的定语从句修饰the one。
35【解析】答案为C。where引导的定语从句修饰the hotel，并在从句中作地点状语。
36【解析】答案为B。此句为强调句。
37【解析】答案为A。the one 为表语，其后的定语从句省略了引导词that或which。38【解析】答案为A。横线是定语从句，修饰先行词days，而先行词days的含义在从句中作时间状语，所以选择when。
39【解析】答案为A。Interval意为间隔，休息时间。是表示时间的名词，作先行词，它的含义在从句中作状语，即：the audience can buy ice-cream(in the interval).所以选择A when.40【解析】答案为B。插入语of course，把它去掉之后，不难看出是考查which引导非限制性定语从句，which代替整个主句，所以选B which。
第三篇：高考英语一轮复习1名词性从句教学案
专题11 名词性从句
考纲展示 命题探究
考点一 主语从句
基础点
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通过放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
主语从句的连接词
在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
(1)从属连词
从属连词主要有两个that, whether；从属连词在从句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取决于你自己。
特别提醒
if一般(不在句首)引导主语从句。that引导主语从句不能省略。(2)连接代词
连接代词在从句中起名词的作用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，一般表示疑问。who谁，whom谁(宾格)，whose谁的，what什么，which哪一个，whoever无论是谁，whomever无论是谁(宾格)，whosever无论是谁的，whatever无论是什么，whichever无论是哪一个。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么还不清楚。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得这个奖品。
特别提醒
主语为从句时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式；但如果what引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念时，谓语动词则常用复数形式。
What we need is water.我们所需要的是水。
What we need are useful books.我们所需要的是有用的书。(3)连接副词
连接副词在从句中起副词的作用，作状语，一般表示疑问，但有时不表示疑问。when什么时候，where在哪里，why为什么，how如何，whenever无论是什么时候，wherever无论在哪里，however无论如何。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行还没有宣布。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它们为什么突然消失还是个谜。
重难点
it作形式主语的主语从句
(1)It＋be＋adj.＋主语从句。常用于该句型的adj.有： necessary必要的 likely可能的 clear清楚的 important重要的 possible可能的 right正确的 wrong错误的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的 certain肯定的 obvious明显的
It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚，整个项目就要失败。
典例1 It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.[答案] what 句意：总统可以采取什么措施来结束罢工一点儿都不清楚。此句中it是形式主语，代替后面的真正的主语从句，故设空处应填能够引导主语从句的连接词，由于从句中及物动词do后缺少宾语，故应使用连接代词what。
(2)It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋主语从句。常用于该句型的名词或名词词组有： shame遗憾
pity可惜
hope希望 no wonder难怪 good news好消息
It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。
It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我们的希望是双方能够合作。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句。常用于该句型的过去分词有：
said据说
believed被相信
reported据报道 thought被认为 known所知
It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet next week.据说我们学校下周要举行运动会。
It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他们要在下个月开始这项工程已经定下来了。
(4)It＋特殊动词/动词短语＋主语从句。常用于这种结构的特殊动词/动词短语有： seem看上去
appear显得
happen碰巧 matter重要 turn out结果是
It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.刚好有一头狮子躲在旁边。
Does it_matter_that I won't attend the meeting tomorrow? 明天我不去参加会议要紧吗？
典例2 It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.[答案] whether 句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是右转都没关系——两条路都通往公园。It是形式主语，设
空处应填入引导主语从句的连接词，从句后半部分的连词or提示本题为whether...or...结构，表示“是……还是……”。
典例3 It's no longer a question now ________man can land on the moon.[答案] that 句意：现在人类登上月球不再是问题。考查名词性从句，it为形式主语，后面的从句是真正的主语。由于引导词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，故用that。
[考法综述] 了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握各引导词的用法，辨析that与what，掌握it作形式主语的常见结构。
命题法 考查主语从句的引导词
典例1 ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.[答案] How 句意：我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，________we understand things 在句中作主语，是主语从句，根据句意可知，此处应用连接副词how。
典例2 What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.________________________________________________________ [答案] What→Where 依据语境可知，此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑，分析句子结构可知，What Li Bai，...was born在句中作主语且其中只缺状语，因此改为Where，引导主语从句。what引导名词性从句要在从句中作主、宾或表语。
【解题法】(1)掌握各引导词在意义和功能上的差别。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查名词性从句的引导词是不给提示词的，考生要分析句子结构，找出主语部分，分析引导词在从句中所作成分和表达的意义。
(3)在短文改错中，考查引导词的错用，掌握相似引导词的差别，如what和that等。从引导词在从句中所作成分和意义入手。
A．单句填空
1．Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案 when [句意：马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定，但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知，后一分句是来补充说明前一分句中的不确定的内容的，根据“around 1565”可知是对时间进行提问，因此用when引导前面的主语从句。] 2．I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案 what [句意：我认为他的画给我印象最深的是他对色彩的运用。what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的”。] 3．Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案 what/whatever [句意：一些人认为，不管是以前发生的还是现在发生的事情都会在将来重现。此处“________has happened before or is happening now”是主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填what/whatever。] 4．________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案 When [句意：延误的飞机何时起飞很大程度上取决于天气状况。根据句意填连接副词When。] 5．________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案 What [句意：使这本书非同寻常的是这位作家创造性的想象力。What在此处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。] 6．________you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案 Whether [句意：你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。此处为主语从句，if表示“是否”且于句首时不引导主语从句。根据句意可知应用Whether。] 7．It suddenly occurred to me ________I hadn't locked my door.答案 that [句意：我突然想起我没锁门。it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。It occurs to sb.that意为“某人突然想起……”。] 8．As the spokeswoman said，________we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案 whether [句意：正如女发言人所说的那样，我们是否应该针对他们采取行动取
决于他们将会怎么做。本空需要用连接词引导主语从句，表示“是否”，因此用whether引导。] 9．—What made her so happy? —________her son passed the college entrance examination.答案 That [句意：——是什么使她这么快乐？——她儿子通过高考了。答语为that引导的主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。] 10．________will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them.答案 What [句意：重要的不是你读了多少书，而是你读完书后学到了多少。从句子结构看，is前面是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用What。] B．单句改错
1．That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.________________________________________________________ 答案 That→What [句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子结构可知，引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用What, That引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分。] 2．It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：这个新成立的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It 作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句“that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根据句意可判断，此处表示“是否”，故改为whether, that无意义。] 3．It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________________ 答案 It→What [句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。“It struck me most in the movie”为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“所……的”，故用What，It不引导从句。] 4．Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.________________________________________________________ 答案 Which→Whichever [句意：你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中one of you可知，空处要用whichever修饰one, 指“你们中的任何一个人”。which指哪一个，表达疑问，故改为whichever。] 5．It doesn't matter how many times you fail;that matters is how many times you stand up and try again.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：你失败多少次都不要紧；要紧的是你有多少次站起来并再次尝试。分析句子成分可知，“that matters”是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what引导。that不作成分。]
6．We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.________________________________________________________ 答案 which→what [“which is most valuable”是主语从句，在宾语从句中作主语，根据语境可知，该主语从句缺少主语且表示事物，故用what。which指某一范围中的哪个或哪些。] 7．It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→why [句意：不清楚这个人为什么不早一点报告那起事故。此处需要连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作原因状语，why表示“为什么……”。故把that改为why。] 8．—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.—It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [答句表示“我根本就没想到你能说服他改变自己的看法”，句中It作形式主语，这里应该用that引导主语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成份，也无意义。故把what改为that。]
考点二 宾语从句
基础点
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句(Object Clause)。宾语从句可分为三类：动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句、形容词后的宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词
I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。
I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能为你做些什么。
He didn't tell me when we would meet again.他没告诉我什么时候我们再相见。
Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能给我展示一下如何操作这台机器吗？
I don't know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该信任谁。
典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意：杰瑞不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。从句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的宾语，连接词that在从句中不作成分。故填that。
特别提醒
that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①当that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略；③宾语从句前有插入语时；④that引导的从句位于句首时。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他来自乡下以外，我对他一无所知。
He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他说他非常喜欢雨，下雨天他都不愿打伞。
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我们队会赢。
一般来说，能引导主语从句的连接词都能引导宾语从句。
表疑问的宾语从句需要运用陈述句语序，但个别宾语从句本应运用陈述语序，但由于习惯而仍保持原疑问语序不变。
I don't know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道这台机器怎么了。2 动词后接宾语从句的用法
(1)大多数及物动词及动词短语后可接宾语从句。
We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我们应当牢记，学习是没有捷径的。(2)用it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：
find发现
feel感觉
think认为 consider考虑 believe相信 guess猜测 suppose假定，设想 make使得
I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天喝大量开水是有必要的。
The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7：30 every morning.老师规定每天早晨7：30之前所有的清扫工作必须结束。
(3)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”，“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。
典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意：你完全可以相信杰克的话，因为他从不说谎。what引导宾语从句作rely on的宾语，what在从句中作says的宾语。介词后接宾语从句的用法
(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh类连接词引导的宾语从句。He'll talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他将给我们讲述他在美国的见闻。
典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意：当她醒来时，她发现自己好像正站在一块石头上。stand on后接宾语从句，宾语从句缺少引导词和主语，what在宾语从句中作主语，that引导的从句一般不作介词宾语。故填what。
(2)in, but, except 等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句，但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因为，but that要不是，except that除了。
The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税很高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿意多赚钱。He would have failed but_that you helped him.若不是你帮助他，他会失败的。(but that意为“若不是，要不是”)4 形容词后接宾语从句的用法
(1)表示情感的形容词后可接宾语从句，如：afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。
I'm very pleased that all of your family will come.我很高兴你们全家都会来。
I'm sure that they'll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我确信尽管天气很不好，但他们会准时到达的。
(2)sure后宾语从句的连接词that, whether, if的选择。
当be sure用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用that；当be sure用于否定
句时，其后的宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if。
Are you sure that I won't bother you if I sit beside you? 你确定我坐在你旁边不会打扰你吗？
I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不确定要不要给他写信。
重难点 宾语从句的时态
(1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。
He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他会告诉我们我们不在的期间他出了什么事的。
(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那个男孩说周日下午没有课。
My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的语文老师问我他进来时我是否在读《红与黑》这本书。
(3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it.孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光，我不相信。
特别提醒
学习宾语从句的时态的有关知识时要注意：若主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，从句的谓语动词须根据需要选用相应的时态；若主句的谓语动词用一般过去时，则从句的谓语动词也应用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时)；若从句的内容为客观事实、格言、谚语、真理等，从句的谓语动词的时态不受动词时态一致性原则的限制，仍然用一般现在时；若从句的内容为历史事实，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。宾语从句的否定转移
(1)主句主语是第一人称，谓语动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
I don't_think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词。I don't_suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜欢它。
(2)含有否定转移的句子变反意疑问句时有两种情况：若主句主语是第一人称，简短问
句的主语和谓语应分别与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；若主句主语不是第一人称，简短问句的主语和谓语应分别与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。
I don't_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，是吗？
You don't_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你认为他没有通过这次考试，是吗？
“I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常见的表达，但是没有“I don't hope/guess so.”，正确的表达应为“I hope/guess not.”。
[考法综述] 考查宾语从句主要集中在对引导宾语从句的各引导词的考查上，以及it作形式宾语的宾语从句的考查。
命题法 考查宾语从句的引导词
典例1 I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.[答案] that 句意：我真的相信美是发自内心的。分析句子结构可知，________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的宾语，是宾语从句，不缺少句子成分，故填that。
典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→how 根据语境和形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故把what改为how。
【解题法】(1)分析句子结构，找出主句谓语，判断从句类别。掌握各引导词在意义、功能上的差别。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中，要分析设空处在从句中的成分和意义，结合整个主句的结构和意义，从而找到合适的引导词。
(3)在短文改错中，先分析主句结构，再分析从句的类别，熟记各引导词的特点，找出使用错误的引导词，并改正。
A．单句填空
1．The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.答案 why [句意：该展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施阻止空气污染。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空格处用why引导宾语从句。] 2．—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.答案 how [根据答语“By working out every day”可知，空格处用how 来引导宾语从句，表示方式。] 3．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案 what [句意：读着她的自传，我对Doris Lessing 在文学上已经取得的成就赞叹不已。根据句子结构来判断，for后接一个宾语从句，而从句中缺少宾语，所以要用what。] 4．We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案 when [句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故填when。] 5．Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.答案 that [句意：苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己开始一种新的生活。it为形式宾语，设空处引导的宾语从句为真正的宾语。从句结构和句意完整，故用that。] 6．After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the paradise.答案 what [句意：长途跋涉后，这些年轻人最终到达了他们称之为天堂的地方。“________they called the paradise”是宾语从句，作reach的宾语，在从句中call缺宾语，故用what引导宾语从句同时作从句中call的宾语。] 7．The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.答案 whoever [句意：3G手机对于那些想要快速浏览网络获取信息的人来说一定是非常方便实用的。whoever引导宾语从句作介词to的宾语，且whoever在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。] 8．John seemed puzzled about________the question meant.答案 what [句意：John 对这个问题意味着什么感到很迷惑。根据句子的结构判断，about后接的是一个宾语从句，而从句中meant缺少宾语，所以填what。] 9．Mom often phones me, asking________I am getting along with my studies.答案 how [句意：母亲常给我打电话，问我学习进展如何。此处asking 后为宾语从句，根据句意可知，应填how。] 10．Are you sure________Mr Li will come to your birthday party? 答案 that [句意：你确定李先生要来参加你的生日晚会吗？空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作成分，故用that引导。] B．单句改错
1．It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。What...be like为固定形式，表示“……是什么样子”。what引导的宾语从句作imagine的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语。] 2．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing that you're afraid to do.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子结构可知，doing后为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故用what。that在名词性从句中不作成分。] 3．Police have found where appears to be the lost ancient statue.________________________________________________________ 答案 where→what [句意：警察已经找到了与丢失的古代的雕像类似的东西。分析句子结构可知，用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。where是副词，不作主语。] 4．Experts believe why people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：专家们相信，人们只有在必要时才去购物就能减少食物浪费。根据句意和结构可知，believe后面要求接宾语从句，而且从句中不缺句子成分，也无意义，所以用that。] 5．Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in which they are wearing.________________________________________________________
答案 which→what [句意：有些人太过在意自己的外表，总是问(别人)自己穿在身上的衣服看起来是否不错。分析句子结构，再结合句意“他们所穿的衣服”应使用连词what引导这一宾语从句，what在从句中作wear的宾语，指代人穿的衣服。which在引导名词从句时意为“哪一个”，不合题意，故把which改为what。] 6．Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize what diverse the American culture is.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：只有当你亲自来到纽约时，你才会意识到美国文化是多么不同。根据how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋其他部分可知，应用how。故把what改为how。] 7．The bride and groom gave who attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.________________________________________________________ 答案 who→whoever [句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“who attended their wedding”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，意为“无论谁”，而who意为“谁”，表疑问。] 8．—Dad, I want to go out for dinner with my friends tonight.—Keep in mind when you have to be home by 9：00.________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [句意：——爸爸，今晚我想和朋友们一起出去吃饭。——记住你9点前必须回家。keep in mind that...是习惯用语，意为“记住……”，其中that引导的从句作keep的宾语。故把when改为that。] 9．This still leaves the question of that local public services should be improved in the next five years.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→how [句意：未来五年地方公共服务应该如何改进的问题仍然遗留下来。应用how引导的从句作介词of的宾语，且how在从句中作方式状语。how意为“如何”，that无意义。故把that改为how。] 10．He seems too tired today, and I wonder that he got a good sleep last night.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→if/whether [句意：他今天似乎太累了，我想知道他昨天晚上是否睡得好。宾语从句表示是否，动词后可用if或whether, that无意义，故把that改为if/whether。]
考点三 表语从句和同位语从句
基础点
一、表语从句
在句子中作表语的从句称为表语从句(Predicative Clause)。引导表语从句的连接词主要有：从属连词that, whether;连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等；连接副词when, where, why, how等。此外，表语从句还可用because和as if/as though等连接词引导。表语从句的连接词
从属连词在句中只起连接作用，不作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。
从属连词：that，whether 连接代词：what，who，whose，which，whatever，whoever，whosever，whichever等
连接副词：how，when，where，why等
The question is whether you can afford it.问题是你是否买得起。
Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.我们的计划是一周去那里一次。That's what he said.那就是他说的话。
Your big opportunity is right where you are now.好机会就在你眼前。
特别提醒
if不引导表语从句；that引导表语从句一般不省略。
典例1 —When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.—That's ________we differ.[答案] where 句意：——在选择家具时，你只注重功能而我更注重设计。——那正是我们不同的地方。考查表语从句。where在从句中作状语。as if/as though引导的表语从句
此类表语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，常跟在一些连系动词后面，如： seem似乎
look看起来
taste尝起来 sound听起来 feel摸起来 appear好像
It seemed as_though it had happened yesterday.那件事好像昨天发生的一样。
It looks as_if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
特别提醒
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常位于系动词(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若从句所述的是事实或是极有可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。考生要仔细体会其中的语境差别。
I felt as_if we had_known each other for years.我感觉好像我们已经认识多年了。
She looks as_if she has_been_working hard for a long time.她看起来好像努力工作了很长时间。3 because, why也可引导表语从句
because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型： This/That is why...这/那是……的原因 This/That is because...这/那是因为……
This is why we missed the early bus.这就是我们错过了早班车的原因。That's because he is ill.那是因为他生病了。
特别提醒
当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般用that引导，不能用why或because，这种用法常见于以下句型：
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他来晚了是因为起床晚了。
二、同位语从句 在句中作同位语的从句，称作同位语从句。同位语从句常位于下列名词之后，如： advice建议
demand要求
doubt怀疑 fact事实 hope希望 idea主意
information信息 message消息 news消息 whisper低语 order命令 problem问题 promise诺言 question问题 request请求 suggestion建议 truth事实 wish愿望 word消息 conclusion结论 thought想法
The_news_that we won the game was exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
The_suggestion_that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
I have no_idea_when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他们什么时候回来定居。2 同位语从句的引导词
(1)常用的引导词有：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不引导同位语从句
在同位语从句中that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否”，其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The_fact_that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些国家仍然贫穷对整个世界来说是一个大问题。
The_question_why so many people would choose to live in the countryside is still under discussion.为什么如此之多的人愿意到乡下去居住仍然在讨论中。
典例2 I made a promise to myself________this year, my first year in high school, would be different.[答案] that 句意：我向自己保证：今年——我高中的第一年——将会是不同寻常的一年。分析句意可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明promise的内容，并且此从句结构和意义完整，故用that引导。
(2)what也可引导同位语从句
I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.我给了这个女孩一个大洋娃娃，那正是她渴望拥有的东西。(3)分隔式同位语从句
有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语部分提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
My_wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要给父母买一间大房子的愿望终有一天会实现的。
典例3 The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.[答案] that 句意：下午两点左右，有人通知说会议要推迟了。分析句子结构可知，“________the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，该从句解释说明notice的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。此处谓语较短，从句较长，为避免“头重脚轻”而将从句放在了谓语部分之后，形成了分隔式同位语从句。故填that。
重难点 后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
(√)I admire their winning the match.我羡慕他们赢了比赛。
(×)I admire that they won the match.2 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句”结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。
(√)He impressed the manager as an honest man.他给经理的印象是个诚实人。
(×)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.3 wh与whever引导名词性从句的区别
连接词what, which, who分别表示“……的东西或事情”、“哪一个”、“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever, whichever, whoever分别相当于anything that, any...that, anyone who意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：
What you choose to wear should be clean.你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。
Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.无论你选择穿什么，你的衣服应该是干净的。
特别提醒
如何判断是用wh还是用whever引导名词性从句？
做题时，我们要认真分析语境，看看句子要表达什么意思，如果表示任何一个人或事物，无范围可言，就用whever；如果有疑问的含义，且指的是具体的人或物，就用wh。whever和no matter wh的区别
whever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，如：whatever, whichever, whoever等；而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句，如：no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。
I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English
contest.我将把这本字典赠给在英语比赛中获得一等奖的人。(宾语从句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典给他。(让步状语从句)
[考法综述](1)对表语从句的考查通常是以引导词的选择为主，所以正确分析表语从句的结构相当重要。先确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，如果完整就用that，且that不能省略；如果不完整，确定所缺成分，然后结合句意选定答案。弄清从句中的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的也很重要。如果从句中的谓语是不及物动词，那么后面的部分是状语，再根据缺少的意思来选定答案。
(2)解答考查同位语从句的题目时，一定先要找出从句解释说明的那个名词，然后根据从句的意思和从句的结构判断从句所缺的引导词：
①从句意思和成分都完整就用that引导，此时要注意that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别。
②从句成分完整，但意思不完整，就用whether(是否)，切记此时不能用if代替whether。③从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则应用连接代词。根据句子所要表达的意思进一步选择用哪一个连接代词。
④从句缺少地点状语、时间状语、方式状语或原因状语时，则分别用连接副词where, when, how, why。
命题法1 考查表语从句
典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意：船泊港湾固然安全，可那不是造船的初衷。but连接的并列句中that's后应为表语从句，________ ships are built for表示为什么目的而造船，what for结构与句子意思相符。
典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other plans.________________________________________________________ [答案] that→what 句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。此处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，把that改为what。
【解题法】 表语从句的解题思路
(1)找出主句的动词、系动词之后，为表语从句分析从句意义和结构，利用各引导词的特点。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中，主要考查引导词。找出空前的系动词确定是表语从句，分析所填词在从句中的成分和意义。
(3)在短文改错中，主要考查引导词的错用、漏用和多余。掌握that与what的区别，以及who与whoever等词的区别。分析句子成分，结合句意。
命题法2 考查同位语从句
典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意：——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗？——是的，可我不知道他为什么那么做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句，用于解释说明idea的内容；从句中缺少状语，根据句意此处表示原因，故用why引导。
典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports field.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→that [句意：成功达到最高水平的唯一办法是保持这样一种信念，即你比运动场上的任何一个人都好。分析句子结构可知。此处为同位语从句，而且从句结构和意义完整，所以用that。] 【解题法】 同位语从句的解题思路
(1)掌握常跟同位语从句的一些名词如suggestion, advice, hope等，了解同位语从句的功能。
(2)在语篇型语法填空中，主要是考查引导词。同位语从句的引导词that较多见，也会考到when, where等。分析主句结构，识别关键词，判断从句种类。
(3)在短文改错中，主要考查引导词的误用、漏用和多余。考生要根据主句结构挑出从句，如从句表示陈述意义，常用that引导，表疑问常用疑问词引导。
A．单句填空
1．The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning goal.答案 when [句意：对这个足球明星来说，进球得分的时刻是最好的时刻。when在表语从句中表时间。] 2．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell me.答案 what [句意：“每次你吃甜东西，喝点绿茶。”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。分析结构可知，此处考查的是表语从句的引导词。从句缺少tell的直接宾语，用what引导。] 3．—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum.I am________you have made me.答案 what [句意：——真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！——妈妈，别怪我。我现在这样就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作made me后的宾语补足语，相当于the one that，即I am the one that you have made me。类似例子还有：He is no longer what(＝the one that)he used to be。] 4．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________I was born.” 答案 where [句意：奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”此处考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句。] 5．Courage is a kind of quality ——and that's ________it takes to face the
challenges in life.答案 what [句意：勇气是一种好品质，那就是面对生活中挑战所需要的品质。that's 后为表语从句，而且引导词作从句中takes的宾语。故应填what。] 6．Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a difference.答案 what [句意：面对困难，你应该相信你的自信会起很大作用。make a difference意为“起作用，有影响”；本句中“________makes a difference”是表语从句，因为从句缺主语，故用what。] 7．Don't be sad.The most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move on.答案 that [句意：不要难过，最重要的是我们必须从错误中吸取教训，并继续前进。表语从句不缺任何成分，故填that。] 8．I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.答案 why [句意：我觉得他说得多做得少，这就是他从来没有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知，此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容；在定语从句中，空处引导表语从句，再结合句意可知应填why。] 9．The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not war.答案 that [句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。此处为表语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。] B．单句改错
1．From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→because [句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约有71%的区域被水覆盖。分析句子结构可知，此处为表语从句，表示原因，故用because。because后加原因，why后加结果。因此把why改为because。] 2．Evidence has been found through years of study why children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：通过数年的研究，儿童早期睡眠问题长大后有可能继续的证据已经被找到了。分析句子结构可知，空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容，是evidence的同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，故把why改为that。] 3．Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：如果能称之为问题的话，她唯一的问题是她一直想成功。引导表语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。] 4．The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：问题是我们如何在这么短的时间内提高我们的阅读技能。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，这里需要用连接副词how来引导表语从句。] 5．There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：即使所有的因素都考虑了，系统是否会运转仍有些疑问。whether引导同位语从句，作doubt的同位语，whether表示“是否”。] 6．People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful life.________________________________________________________ 答案 whether→that [句意：全世界的人民都有一个梦想，即永远过着和平的生活。此处为同位语从句，解释名词dream的内容，因为从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以用that引导。] 7．The expert's argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM 2.5 readings has got much support from the public.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：这个专家的争论已经得到了来自公众的大力支持，争论围绕汽车数量的增加是PM2.5值上升的主要原因。此处为同位语从句，解释说明argument的内容，因从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that引导。]
易错题一：名词性从句中连接词的误用
[例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[错解] It/That/Who [错因分析] 此处缺少主语，因此考生容易误用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得体会]
[例2] I have no idea ________ he will come here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[错解] which/that/if [错因分析] 该题貌似定语从句，考生易误填which/that。此外，一些考生也许一看到后面的“or not”容易误填if。根据语意可知，idea后面接一个同位语从句，该从句是
对idea的解释说明，且由后面的“or not”可知应用whether。if不能引导同位语从句。
[答案] whether [心得体会]
易错题二：漏用关系词
[例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[错解] that;what [错因分析] 许多同学一看便判断出understood后为宾语从句，第一空误填that;第二个空认为said后缺宾语，填what。
[答案] what;what [心得体会]
易错题三：名词性从句中用it作形式主语或宾语
[例] ________has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to
protect you against serious illnesses in later life.[错解] What [错因分析] 考生误认为此空引导主语从句，缺少主语，误填What。[答案] It [心得体会]
第四篇：XX届高考英语第一轮名词性从句语法专题教案
XX届高考英语第一轮名词性从句语法专
题教案
XX年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分：名词性从句（新人教版）
【定义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。
【四大从句】名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句
一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。
【完成例句】
根据句意选词填空
Thathewillsucceediscertain.whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.whathesaidisnottrue.whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.【结论】①that－从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that不能省略。
②whether－从句，从句于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。
③特殊疑问词－从句，从句于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。
【疑难1】whoheisisnoneofmybusiness.【疑难剖析1】任何从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。
【疑难2】ThathelikesEnglishisknowntousall.whathesaidatthemeetingmademesad.【疑难剖析2】主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。
【
疑
难
3】ThatXXAsianGamesaresuccessfulisknowntoall.【疑难剖析3】单个句子作主语，视为单数。
【疑难3】Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.Itisjohnthatbrokethewindow.【疑难剖析3】1．主语从句通常由it充当形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。
2．it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
3.用it作形式主语的常用结构[]
①Itis＋名词＋从句
Itisafactthat…事实是……
Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识
②Itis＋形容词＋从句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然……
Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……
③Itis＋不及物动词＋从句
Itseemsthat…似乎……
Ithappenedthat…碰巧……
Itappearsthat…似乎……[]
④It＋过去分词＋从句
Itisreportedthat…据报道……
Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实……
Itissaidthat…据说……
【
疑
难
5】ItissaidthatchairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweek.[]
ThatchairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.【疑难剖析5】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：
.if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。
2.Itissaid
/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
3.Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。[]
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.4.Itdoesn'tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.5.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening？
Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely？
【疑难6】what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.【疑难剖析6】what引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，而that则不充当任何成分。
二、宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词或介词之后。
【完成例句】[]
根据句意选词填空
Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.①Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.②Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.【结论9】①由that引导的宾语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分。
②由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
③whether引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。
【疑难1】引导宾语从句时if和whether的区别
Iaskedherif/whethershehadabike.Theydiscussedwhethertheywillgobackrightnow.we'reworriedaboutwhetherheissafe.Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.Idon'tknowwhethertogo.【疑难剖析1】引导宾语从句时用if和whether都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情况：动词discuss后；介词后；whether与ornot连用时；whethertodo。
【疑难2】IamafraidI'vemadeamistake.【疑难剖析2】作形容词的宾语时，可以省略that。
【注意】下列形容词后常跟that引导的从句作宾语：
anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。
【疑难3】wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.【疑难剖析3】it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾。
【疑难4】Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.Iadmirethattheywonthematch.【疑难剖析4】后边不能直接跟that从句的动词有：
allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。
【疑难5】Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.【疑难剖析5】有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that－从句”结构中，这类动词常见的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。
【疑难6】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑难剖析6】否定的转移：若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
三、表语从句
在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。
【完成例句】
根据句意填空
Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.【结论1】
①完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导，且不可省略；
②表“是否”含义时用whether；
③语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如what，when，where，why等；
④两种特殊句型：thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。
四、同位语从句
在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。
【完成例句】
根据句意选词填空
Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.【结论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，可以接同位语从句的名词主要
有
：fact,information,problem,decision,suggestion,proposal,order等。
【疑难1】同位语在句子中的位置
Hegotthenewsfrommarythanthesportsmeetingwasputoff.【疑难剖析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
【疑难2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别
ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
【疑难剖析2】定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。
第五篇：高三英语一轮复习标准教案及习题-名词性从句
高考英语语法复习专题
---名词性从句
一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词:that / whether / as if，连接代词:what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词:where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。（1）、that的用法。
①、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don’t have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.②、宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：
（A）、当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；
He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine（B）、当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省； Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.（C）、当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.③、that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)、It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that„(B)、It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that...(C)、It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that „
（D）、It seems/happens that。如：
It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.④、that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：
It’s shame that he has made such a mistake.Do what he says.⑤、同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me what was the matter with me.We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)A.how B.after C.what D.when 解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。
2.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week..—Is that _________ you had a few days off ?(NMET 99)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析：答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.I hate __________ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A.it B.that C.these D.them 解析：答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.I think Father would like to know I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 解析：答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法，由结构sb.be up to sth.可知，应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A.that B.as C.why D.when 解析：答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识，figure out为及物动词，故此句为宾语从句，从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语，故选why.6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 解析：答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句，全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的，并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语，故选what。◆基础训练题
1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help.A.that B.which C.what D.how
A.which B.that C.whether D.if 16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.A.which B.what C.that D.where ◆强化训练题
1．Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double it was five years ago．
A．that B．than C．which D．what 2.it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and crying seems to well.A.Whatever;work B.Whichever;help C.However;function D.What;help 3．If the project should be delayed for a day, would mean we would be fined $ 100,000.A．that B．as
C．which
D．and it 4．When I try to understand it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, is seems to me there are quite a few causes.A．why;that B．which;as
C．what;that D．whether;since 5.There is a feeling in me _______ we will never know what a UFO is.A.that B.which
C.of which
D.what 6.While the total number of farmers engaged in the agriculture production is barely half _____ it used to be in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled.A.that B.what C.which D.how 7.It was after he got he had wanted he realized it was not so important.A.what;what B.what;that C.that;what D.that;which 8．What if we meet with a situation none of us are able to deal with？
A．where B．in which C．what D．that 9．Advertising is different from other forms of communication the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A．in which B．in order that
海卷)A.That B.What C.Whether
D.Where 3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(上海卷)A.when B.why
C.whether D.that 4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales, please?(山东卷)A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who 5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.(安徽卷)A.that;what B.what;/ C.which;that D.that 6.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.(浙江卷)A.what B.where C.when D.why 7.It is none of your business other people think about you.Believe yourself.(福建卷)A.how B.what
C.which
D.when
/;8.Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.(湖南卷)A.why B.that C.when D.where 9.Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.(江苏卷)A.what B.why
C.how D.whether 10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.(陕西卷)A.That B.Which
C.What
D.As 11.By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read．(上海春)
10.The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.（天津卷）
A.where B.how C.when D.why 11.People in Chongqing are proud of __ they have achieved, in the past ten years.（重庆卷）
A.that B.which C.what D.how 12.All people, __ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.（重庆卷）A.even if B.whether C.no matter D.however 13.As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ___he will do or think.(上海卷)A.what B.which
C.whom
D.that 14.It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(上海卷)A.if
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