第一篇：词块与二语教学简介
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Background of the Research
With the frequent communication of the international politics and economy, English teaching of our country is becoming more and more important.Early in 2001, Ministry of Education in China declared that English would be a compulsory course since October that year.The new decision not only placed more emphasis on English learning, but also gave more pressure and motive power for English teachers to ameliorate their teaching methods and strategies.Guiding principles of this policy include: to arouse students’ interests in studying English;to build up students’ confidence to master English;to strengthen students’ communicative ability in English, especially oral English;to increase students’ cultural awareness;to decrease the influence of grammar.According to this, English teachers must make sure that students can both have basic English knowledge and communicative ability in hand during their teaching process.However, elementary English education started in our country at the end of 1980s, so it will be very urgent and important to improve it.Oral English as the reflection of comprehensive English ability has played a vital role in English communication.How to improve oral English should be the first priority in elementary school English teaching.Language teaching has undergone a large variation of theories and methodologies ever since early period of 19th century to 20th century.Recently, many applied linguists namely Becker & Bolinger(1975), Lewis(1993), Nattiger & Decarrico(1992), Syder & Sinclair(1991)found the formulaic nature of language with the help of corpus linguistics which created a new teaching method from the point of view of lexical chunks.What is more, many Chinese linguists have started to be aware of the effect of lexical chunks in second language acquisition and teaching.However, most experimental studies about lexical chunks take college students as participants and it is rare to take elementary school students in the studies, so the effects of lexical chunks on elementary school English deserve more attention in present studies.In this thesis, the author tends to apply lexical chunks in elementary school oral English teaching, hoping to strengthen students’ self-confidence to speak English and reinforce their awareness of different cultures between eastern and western countries.The ultimate goal of the study is to heighten elementary school oral English which can be fluent and idiomatical.1.2 Purpose of the Research
The research aims to examine the function of lexical chunks in improving elementary school students’ oral English and the correlation between lexical chunks and oral English fluency, appropriateness, complexity, students’ grammatical ability, social communication ability, textual ability and strategic ability.This research deals with the following two questions: 1.What is the current state of applying lexical chunks in elementary school oral English? 2.What are the effects of lexical chunks teaching on elementary school oral English?
1.3 Significance of the Research
“The effect of our country’s foreign language teaching is not satisfactory.The teaching method is time-consuming, energy-consuming but inefficient”(Vice Premier Li, 1996).Traditional teaching method has its weakness and it cannot satisfy the need of modern English learners.However, the method of teaching lexical chunks is a unique way to improve the present situation of English learning and teaching in China, especially oral English.Grammar, semantics and pragmatics are the inner ingredients of lexical chunks.That is to say, after learning lexical chunks, students would master the basic knowledge as well as improve their communicative ability.The improvement of oral English will promote their writing and listening abilities too.In addition, the progress can make students realize that lexical chunks are important and effective, so they will learn lexical chunks consciously.The outcome of the research is able to encourage English teachers to apply new teaching theories and to innovate their teaching methodologies.There must be suitable and successful English teaching methodologies after all the efforts of teachers’ and researchers’ in China.
第二篇：加强语块教学
加强词块教学 提高学生英语学习效率
曹智宏
四川省什邡市实验中学
重庆师范大学外国语学院
摘要：英语教学以培养学生的英语综合应用能力为目标, 这意味着不仅要使学生知道如何生成语法规范的句子, 还要使学生熟练地运用语言。词块是构成语言的基础，词块的使用可以大大提高语言输出的流利性、准确性和得体性。笔者认为在平时的英语课堂上英语教师应加强词块教学，培养学生的词块意识，以提高学生的综合运用能力。
关键词：词块；教学；英语综合能力
一、引言、在教学中我们发现，学生在英语学习过程中在词汇上花了不少的时间并有足够的词汇量，但是一到运用（如口头交际，写作）的时候却犯难了。学生在运用时往往只凭所记忆的单词和语法规则编写句子，从而不能保证句子表达的正确性或符合英语的表达习惯，从而造成词不达意（陈伟平2008:48）。国内外学者研究发现：增强学习者的词块意识是提高综合运用能力的一种好途径。Cook(1991:40)指出：“对孤立的词重复是一种浅层处理，记忆效果差；将词与所在语法结构结合起来则是较深层的处理，记忆效果好。”
二、词块的定义
词块（lexical chunks）又被称做lexical phrases、pre-fabricated speech，通常指同现频率较高、形式和意义较固定的大于单词的结构。这种结构同时兼有词汇和语法特征（杨玉晨1999）。Nattinger和DeCarrioco（2000）把词块大致分以下4种情况：1)多词词汇（polywords），如 in a word，on the contrary.2)约定俗成的表达（institutionalized expressions）包括谚语、警句、社交公式语。如How do you do? 3)限制性结构短语（phrasal constraints）如as far as I know…, as well as.4)句子框架和引语（sentence builders）not only….but also….，I think that....I’m a great believer in X。
三、学习词块的作用
桂诗春通过研究发现：词汇搭配错误是中国学习者最常见的错误（屈典宁 邓军 2010）。李红叶（2004）也指出词块通常作为一个统一的整体进入人们的记忆，有助于提高语言的准确性和流利度。具体的讲主要有一下几方面的作用： 4.1 有利于记忆和储存语言知识
桂诗春（2002）说：“一个块是一条有联系的信息，其中一部分可以帮助记忆另一部分”。词块有其内部结构和意义的制约性，其中一部分可以帮助记忆另一部分，比脱离语境的单词更容易记忆。于秀莲（2008）和屈典宁（2008）对大学
生进行的实验研究证明：词块记忆法可以提高学生的记忆效果。4.2 有利于提高语言输出的的流利性，准确性和地道性
第二语言习得研究表明，人们在言语交际中使用两种编码方式：一是以语法为基础的规则型的（rule-based）;一种是以词汇短语为基础范例型的（instance-based）。前者可以使句子更有创造性和灵活性但需要大量的时间。而后者在输出时不必临时组合就可以整体快速提取使用，具有极强的可及性（accessibility）和提取效应优势，减轻了大脑的语言编码压力，确保大脑的迅速反应，从而极大地提高语言的流利性。Nattinger & DeCarrico认为，人们使用语言的流利程度不取决于学习者大脑中存储了多少生成语法规则，而在于存储了多少词块。如果语言产出过程中没有现成的、预制的词块，流利性的概念便无从谈起。同时在交际中多用词块也避免了因文化差异而带来的语用失误，可以使学习者所说的句子更地道。4.3 有利于提高听力的理解效率
听是接受稍纵即逝的语音刺激。听力差的学习者往往是百倍精神地试着听懂每一个单词但到头什么已没有听到，这主要是由于以语音形式储存的语块的量不够大从而不能对话语中占很大比例的固定和半固定短语即词块以整体形式直接提取而是把它们当做自由组成的短语。如果学习者储存的语块越多，在听的过程中信息处理耗费的资源就越少，理解效果就越好。
四、教学启示
首先应坚决纠正学生只注重孤立、机械地背单词的不良习惯。教师应多给学生传授词块方面的知识，培养学生对词块的敏感度和识别能力。其次加强词块输入，培养学生的词块意识。无论在课堂教学还是学生的课后阅读中，都要求学生识别并提炼出材料中的词块。着重训练学生在词块上的连续表达能力，这有助于学习者最终提高小句、句子的表达能力（张玉英2008）.参考文献：
[1]Cook V.Second language Learning and Language Teaching [M].London: Routle,1991.40 [2]Lewis M.Implementing the Lexical Approach [M].England;Language Teaching Publications, 1997,212 [3]Nattinger J R &DeCarrico J S.Lexical Phrases and Language Teaching[M].Oxford, Oxford University Press 1992 [4]陈伟平.增强学生词块意识，提高学生写作能力[J]外语界，2008（3）：48-50 [5桂诗春.心理语言学[M].长沙：湖南教育出版社，2002 [6李红叶.词汇练习要注意词块的产出训练[J].国外外语教学，2004，（3）：56-57 [7屈典宁，邓军.基于语料库的语块习得模式研究[J] 外语界，2010（1）:47 [8杨玉晨.英语词汇的“板块”性及其对英语教学的启示[J] 外语界，1999，（4）：24 [9]于秀莲.语块教学法与提高英语应用能力的实验研究[J]外语界，2008（3）：54-60 [10]张玉英.二语学习者预制语块能力与二语水平关联性研究[J]外语界，2008（3）：66
第三篇：U3词块
unit3
重点词块
1.in fact事实上，实际上
2.the singing competition歌咏比赛
3.the one with shorter hair 留更长头发的女孩
4.as friendly as和…一样友好
5.work/study harder工作/学习更努力
6.be talented in在…方面有天赋
7.be good/better at在…方面擅长/在…方面更擅长
8.care about关心，在乎
9.make me laugh让我大笑
10.a good listener一个好的倾听者
11.the same as和… 一样
12.look the same看起来一样
13.be different from和…不同
14.be quite different from 和…十分不同
15.look different看起来不一样
16.like reading books喜欢看书
enjoy studying喜欢学习
17.as long as只要
18.much less hard-working更不努力
19.bring out the best in me 把我最好的一面激发出来
20.get better grades取得更好的成绩
21.share sth with sb和某人分享某事
22.be similar to与…相似
重点句子
1.Is Sam more hard-working than Tom?
2.Does Tara work as hard as Tina?
3.The most important thing is to learn sth new and have fun.4.Lisa really wanted to win, though.5.That’s why I like reading books.6.It’s not easy for me to make friends.7.A good friend is like a mirror.Friends are like books.8.My best friend helps to bring out the best in me.我最好的朋友帮助我激发出自己所能。
9.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友在需要时给你帮助，使你感动。
第四篇：浅析语块理论与三本院校英语听力教学
三本学生的英语听力水平普遍不够理想，应该重视语块的习得与积累，因此文章旨在探讨语块理论对中国三本院校学生听力习得的教学启示。
语料库语言学的研究表明，英语中存在着一种成串的语言结构。对于这样的语言结构，学者们采用了不同的术语对这种语言现象加以界定，比较被大家广泛接受的说法是：语块是一种兼具有词汇和语法特征的语言结构，一般为多词单位，具有特定的话语功能。
听力教学侧重的是学生对英语声音材料理解能力的培养，而三本院校的学生入学时英语基础不是很好，特别是普遍存在着英语听力薄弱的现象，究其原因，一方面是传统的英语教学过于注重语法规则，而忽略了语言作为交际手段这一根本目的，于是形成了“聋子英语”，另一重要原因是学生对地道的预制语块积累不够。他们注重的一般是单词的记忆，而不是语块的记忆和积累，因此造成他们在听力理解上存在一定的困难。语块理论，从一个崭新的角度阐述了语言教学的理论和实践，从根本上提出了对如何提高学生的英语听力理解能力的应对办法，为三本院校英语听力教学提供了新的思路与视角。英语语块理论
1.1语言习得研究基础
大量关于儿童母语习得，即一语习得的研究发现，儿童是通过习得语块而后习得整个语言的，特别是早期阶段的语块学习和记忆。比如，当儿童使用“I’d like„”时，这3个词语可能被他们当作一个不可拆分的单位来记忆和使用的。或者可以说，在儿童的心理词典中，这3个词是一个词条。在反复练习和成功使用了某些相同的模式之后，儿童就自然而然地从中概括出一些语块的构造规则，并将他们习得的语块作为整体存储在心理词库中。语言学家在二语习得的研究中也得出相近的结果，实践证实大量语块存在于二语学习者的口头交际中。
在一语和二语习得研究的基础上，Natfinger和DeCarrico指出，一种语言的正确使用过程不外乎是“对这些预制语块进行选择，然后将这些语块串联起来的过程”。因为预制语块其实被使用者按不同的语用功能分类存储在一起，使用者根据交际语境的需要，对其整体提取使用，这样便达到了语言表达正确性和流利性的统一。
1.2语料库语言学基础
语料库语言学家经过电脑数据统计分析发现。在自然语言中存在着数量庞大、出现频率高、不同程度词汇化的词串，即语块，它们构成了英语中基本的语言单位。Altenb的研究发现，大约70％的日常口语都是由预制语块组成的。Bo~nger也有相同的认识，他说语言已为我们提供了大量的预制语块，因此我们说话时不必从“木材、钉子和蓝图”起开始构建。
1.3认知心理语言学基础
1950年，美国心理学家GeorgeMiUer提出了组块理论(chunking)，他指出短时记忆的容量大概是7+／-2个“块”。而“块”(chunks)最早是由心理学家Miller和Self-ridge提出，记忆对于信息的加工过程的结果就是块。人们可以凭借自己已有知识和经历对接触到的信息进行组块和储存，以便于日后整体检索和提取。
认知心理学家Sinclair则认为，人类的语言习得可以分为两大体系：其一是以语法规则为基础的分析性体系；其二是以记忆为基础的套语体系。在分析性体系中，记忆所占的空间虽然小但强度却相当大，因此即时交际难以较好地实现。套语体系包括数量可观的语块，在进行交际时，说话人易于从记忆中提取，便于准确、流利表达。虽然语法规则给我们提供了构成无数个句子的可能，但实际交际中，可能性中的绝大多数被忽视掉了。值得注意的是，某些特定的词汇组合却不断地被重复使用。因而Sinclair进一步归纳出语言加工过程通常遵循的两条原则，即习语原则和自由选择原则。前者是指使用大量现成的预制语块来组装语句：而后者则是选择合适的语法和词汇一点点逐步“搭建”语句。Sinclair主张，习语原则在这两个原则中地位优先。语块在三本学生英语听力提高中的作用
Lewis(1997)等学者提倡在课堂上直接进行语块的教授，而近年来，国内越来越多的学者也意识到了预制语块对二语习得的作用，认为语块不仅能提高中国学生口语交际的流利性，更重要的是能提高学生的语用能力。笔者认为，除了口语表达，语块教学对三本学生英语听力习得是非常有效的，具体表现在：
2.1有利于克服听力材料中噪音及音变的影响
在多数情况下，英语录音资料往往伴有其他声音，这种干扰声会降低话语的清晰度，阻碍英语学习者获取信息。另一方面，音变现象，如弱读、连读、吞音等语音现象会造成某些单词听不清楚或听不到。令人欣慰的是，语块由于在语言中被高频使用，具备着语境依附特征和语境效应优势，因此语块可以提供重要的语境信息，这样能大大弥补噪音干扰或音变导致的听觉信息的缺失，比如The truth is，I’ve broken(up)with him„中的up听不清楚时，熟悉这个语块的听者能根据语境判断出该单词。此外，预制语块还具有可以帮助听者根据
2.2 有利于提高预测信息的能力
预制语块往往带有情境性，具有非常重要的语篇信息组织功能，它的使用并不是随意的。对大量语料的研究显示，预制语块在自然语篇中起着诸如组织语篇结构、连接信息和预示下文的重要作用。许多形式和功能属于固定或半固定性质的语块在语篇中不可或缺的衔接手段，读者把握住这些语块，也就掌握了文章的宏观结构以及段落问的关系，达到理解文章的效果。同样，在听英语材料时，学生可以充分利用那些组篇功能语块，结合自己已掌握的相关图式和背景知识，积极主动地获取信息、预测信息，从而为其进一步赢得处理信息和反应的时间。例如，当学生听到“My points are as follows，Firstly„scondly„finally„”，就会预先知道说话者谈话的内容。
2.3有利于提高对听力材料的理解效率
“语言不是由传统语法和词汇构成的，而常常是由多词的、预制的语块构成的”(Lewis 1997)。正因为预制语块是语言使用者所熟悉的语言形式，因而听者对听到的信息不陌生，从而缩短了正常语言交际时大脑压缩处理语言信息所需的时间，大大缓解了由于即时分析和处理听到的信息的压力。学生的注意力和思维要受说话者语速的控制，因为听力材料包含的语音信息稍纵即逝，所以平时要多加练习听力，特别是要有意识地积累语音形式的语块量。如果听力基础薄弱的学生以语音形式储存的语块量不足，便无法便捷地对话语中占有很大比例的固定和半固定短语进行整体认知，并直接提取语义，其结果是把它们当作按语法规则组合起来的一个个单词，只能通过单词识别，词义匹配的方式提取语义，获得信息。
——2013北大资源研修学院
第五篇：英语写作必备语块
英语写作必备语块
话题一：个人情况
1.出生于
be born in 2.主修理工
major in physics 3.毕业于、毕业后
be graduated from、after graduation 4.从事于
be engaged in 5.有着…的天赋 have a gift for 6.收到良好教育的well-educated 7.中国国籍
(of)Chinese nationality 8.电话号码
telephone number 9.把心思用在put one’s heart into 10.集中精力于
focus one’s attention on 11.致力于/献身于
devote oneself to sth/doing sth;be devoted to 12.积极从事…
be active in sth 13.对…做研究
do research on 14.对…不在乎
care little about 15.工作到深夜
work until midnight 16.获得硕士学位
gain a master’s degree 17.获得第一名
win the first prize(in…)18.大获成功
achieve great success 19.被…录取；考入
be admitted to 20.被认为是…
be regarded as 21.作为…被铭记
be remembered as 22.（在…上）排名第一
rank No.1(in)23.因为…获得很多奖
receive many awards for 24.用某物奖赏某人
reward sb with sth
话题二：家庭、朋友与周围的人 1.一个五岁的男孩
a boy aged five 2.在他十/三十多岁时
in his teens/thirties 3.五岁时
at the age of five 4.在某人童年时
in one’s childhood
5.过着…的生活
lead a…life 6.谋生
earn one’s living 7.照顾
take care of 8.养育；培养 bring up 9.对某人要求严格
be strict with sb 10.由…引起
result from 11.导致 result in 12.有能力做某事
be able to do sth 13.很有才能的女子
a woman of great ability 14.在…方面熟练
be skilled in 15.在…有经验
be experienced in 16.获得…称号 be given the title of 17.获得金/银牌
win a gold/silver medal 18.获诺贝尔奖
win the Nobel Prize 19.得到全世界的关注
get the world’s attention 20.不计名利
care little for money and fame 21.留学深造
go abroad for further studies 22.找到做某事的方法
find a way to do sth 23.带/送某人到某地
take/send sb to … 24.情不自禁地做某事
can’t help doing sth 25.给我们树立好榜样
set us a good example
话题三：周围的环境
1.在教学楼的前面（有许多树）
(There are lots of trees)in front of the teaching building 2.在教室的前面（有块黑板）
(There is a blackboard)in the front of the classroom
3.位于这座城市的南部
lie in the south of the city 4.距城南15英里处
15miles away to the south of the city 5.坐落在广州的西部
be located in the west of Guangzhou 6.在山脚下
at the foot of the mountain 7.在山顶上
at the top of the mountain 8.中国第二大岛屿
the second largest island in China 9.占地面积有
cover an area of
10.有三千多年的历史
have/with a history of over 3000 years 11.有…人口
have a population of 12.由…组成consist of 13.盛产
be rich in 14.它的南面有
on its south lies… 15.因…而著名
be famous for 16.乘三路公共汽车
take a No.3 bus 17.可容纳500客人
can hold up to 500 guests 18.乍一看，初看起来
at first sight 19.看见，看到
catch sight of 20.呈现在眼前
come into sight 21.看得见/看不见
in sight/out of sight 22.宿舍楼
dormitory building 23.看不到，忽略
lose sight of 24.象征和平
stand for peace 25.代表我的同学 represent my classmates
话题四：日常活动
1.整理床铺
make the bed 2.刷牙
brush one’s teeth 3.洗冷水澡
have a cold bath 4.洗淋浴
take a shower 5.负债/还清债务
in debt/out of debt 6.直到深夜
deep into the night 7.保持/失去平衡
keep/lose one’s balance 8.对…残忍
be cruel to sb 9.承认错误
admit one’s mistake 10.听说
hear of 11.做出共同努力
make joint efforts 12.忙于
be busy with 13.习惯于
be accustomed to 14.给某人打电话
call sb up 15.不挂断电话，等等
hold on 16.挂断电话
ring off
17.回复电话
ring back 18.过时
out of date 19.允许某人做某事
allow sb to do sth 20.号召某人做某事
call on sb to do sth 21.鼓励某人做某事
encourage sb to do sth 22.强迫某人做某事
force sb to do sth 23.提醒某人做某事/使某人想起某事
remind sb to do sth/remind sb of sth 24.阻止某人做某事
prevent sb from doing sth 25.提高人民生活水平
improve the living standards of the people
话题五：学校生活
1.预习功课
preview lessons 2.上课
have lessons 3.专心于
be absorbed in 4.牢记，背诵
learn…by heart;keep in mind 5.复习功课
go over the lesson 6.努力学习
work hard at 7.尽力；尽最大的努力
try one’s best 8.充分利用
make full use of
9.在…方面取得进步
make progress in… 10.赶上某人
catch up with sb 11.参加入学考试
take an entrance examination 12.考试作弊
cheat in the exam 13.通过考试/不及格
pass/fail the examination 14.（数学）得满分
get full marks(for maths)15.获得奖学金
gain scholarship 16.获得好成绩
get good grades 17.课后/放学后
after class/school 18.算出；解决
work out 19.解决问题
solve the problem 20.坚持做某事
insist on doing sth.21.高度赞扬某人
speak highly of sb 22.因某事表扬人
praise sb for sth
23.尊敬老师和家长
respect teachers and parents 24.迟到/缺席
be late for/ be absent from 25.遵守/违反学校的规章制度
obey/break the school rules and regulations
话题六：兴趣爱好
1.对…感兴趣
be interested in 2.培养对…的兴趣
develop an interest in 3.对…很积极，积极参加
be active in 4.对…着迷
be crazy about 5.对…感到好奇
be curious about sth 6.对…感到厌烦
be tired of 7.引起某人的注意
attract one’s interest 8.爱好体育运动
take pleasure in sports 9.喜欢唱歌跳舞
like singing and dancing 10.喜欢流行音乐
enjoy popular music 11.感到高兴，感到振奋
cheer up 12.参加，参与
join in 13.挑出，辨别出
pick out 14.尝试做某事
attempt to do sth 15.在某人空闲的时候
in one’s spare time 16.读小说
read novels 17.上网
surf the Internet 18.上网聊天
chat online 19.集邮
collect stamps 20.做运动
do sports 21.弹奏乐器
play musical instrument 22.去野营
go camping 23.打牌
play cards 24.比起…更喜欢…
prefer to … rather than … 25.我最喜欢的爱好
my favorite hobby
话题七：个人情感
1.令某人开心/吃惊/失望的是
to one’s delight/joy/surprise/disappointment 2.对某人生气
be angry with sb 3.为…而担心
be worried about 4.对…感到惊讶
be surprise at sth 5.对某人感到失望
be disappointed at sb 6.对…感到满足
be satisfied with 7.对…感到抱歉
be sorry for… 8.以…为豪
be proud of 9.满腔怒火
be filled with anger 10.急于做某事
be anxious to do sth 11.高兴地做某事
be delighted to do 12.感动流泪
be touched to tears 13.被吓死
be scared to death 14.突然大哭/大笑
burst into tears/laughters 15.情不自禁地做某事
can’t help doing 16.担心，关心
care about 17.投诉，埋怨
complain about 18.渴望某人做某事
long for sb to do sth 19.盼望做某事
look forward to doing sth 20.期盼/希望做某事
expect/wish to do sth 21.对做某事有强烈的愿望
have a strong desire to do sth 22.对…有乐观的态度
have an optimistic attitude towards… 23.面带笑容
with a smile on one’s face 24.给…留下印象 make an impression on sb 25.失去信心/建立自信 lose heart/build confidence
话题八：人际关系
1.撒谎
tell a lie 2.帮助某人做某事
help sb with sth/do sth 3.帮助某人摆脱困境
help sb out 4.遵守诺言/失言 keep/break one’s word 5.相互学习
learn from each other 6.与某人交朋友
make friends with sb 7.彼此信任
trust each other 8.关心
be concerned about 9.同…交流 communicate with 10.交流思想/信息
exchange ideas/information 11.爱上，喜欢上
fall in love with 12.与…取得/保持联系
get/keep in touch with 13.与…相处，进展
get along with 14.有很多共同点
have a lot in common 15.对…有影响
have an impact on 16.与某人建立亲密友谊
form a close friendship with sb 17.增进友谊
promote friendship 18.增进了解
promote understanding 19.忍受，容忍
put up with 20.珍惜某人的情谊
treasure sb’s friendship 21.与…合作或一起工作
cooperate with 22.同甘共苦
share joys and sorrows 23.与某人分享
share sth with sb 24.保护…不受…伤害
protect…from… 25.在某人的帮助/鼓励/支持下
with the help/encourage/support of sb
话题九：计划与愿望
1.为了做某事
in order to do sth 2.学生会 the Students’ Union 3.制定计划
make a plan 4.设立目标
set goals 5.实现目标
reach one’s goal 6.课外活动
after-school activities 7.打算做
intend to do 8.发表演说
deliver a speech 9.去野餐/烧烤
have a picnic/barbecue 10.在海边郊游
have an outing at the seashore 11.举行运动会
hold a sports meeting 12.举行毕业典礼
hold the graduation ceremony 13.通知
make an announcement 14.为…做准备
get ready for 15.迎接挑战
meet the challenge 16.做义务劳动
do voluntary labor 17.做兼职工作
take part-time jobs 18.参加社会实践
take part in the social practice 19.想要做某事
feel like doing sth 20.下定决心做某事
be determined to do sth 21.宁愿做某事
would rather(not)do sth 22.报名参加比赛
sign up for a match 23.开阔眼界
broaden one’s horizons 24.三思而后行
Think twice before you do 25.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人
Great hopes make great man
话题十：节假日活动 1.春节 the spring festival 2.端午节
the dragon boat festival 3.中秋节
the middle autumn festival 4.（某节）是在（某月某日）
fall on 5.纪念
in memory of 6.为纪念，向…表示敬意
in honor of 7.三天的假期
a three-day vacation 8.追溯到
date back to 9.遵守风俗
observe the customs 10.应该做某事
be supposed to do sth 11.化妆打扮
dress up 12.用…装饰… decorate sth with sth 13.去度假
go on holiday 14.庆祝节日
celebrate the festival 15.祝贺某人
congratulate(sb)on 16.放烟花
set off fireworks 17.表演节目
put on performances 18.走亲访友
visit relatives and friends 19.给小孩压岁钱
give children lucky money 20.开某人的玩笑
play a joke on sb 21.对某人表示尊敬
show respect for sb 22.举行龙舟赛
hold dragon boat races 23.吃粽子
eat rice dumplings 24.观看升国旗
watch the national flag go up 25.和某人玩得开心
have fun with sb
话题十一：购物
1.免费
free for charge 2.去购物
go shopping 3.去逛商场/超市 go to the supermarket/mall 4.购物中心
shopping centre 5.旧货店
second-hand stores 6.打折
make a discount 7.网上订购
cyber ordering 8.网上购物
on-line shopping 9.假冒商品
fake products 10.质量糟糕/优异(的)poor/high quality 11.糟糕的服务 poor service 12.团购
buy in group 13.包装；包起来
wrap up 14.以现金支付
pay in cash 15.通过信用卡支付
pay by credit card 16.售空，卖完了
sold out 17.避免受骗
avoid being cheated 18.和某人砍价
bargain with sb 19.大甩卖
on sale 20.高效方便
effective and convenient 21.售货员
shop assistant 22.上升/下降
go up/go down 23.降低价格
bring down the price 24.花多少钱买某物
spend money on sth 25.合计为300元
add up to 300 yuan
话题十二：饮食
1.高纤维/低脂肪 be rich in fiber/be low in fat 2.挑食
be particular about food 3.节食
go on diet 4.削减脂肪
cut down body fat 5.对身体有害
do harm to one’s health 6.吃垃圾食品/绿色食品
eat junk/green food 7.多吃新鲜蔬菜水果
eat more fresh fruits and vegetables 8.吃零食/快餐
eat snacks/fast food
9.食物中毒
food poisoning 10.保持均衡/健康的饮食
keep a balanced/healthy diet 11.保持健康
keep healthy 12.保持身材苗条
keep slim 13.减肥/增加体重
lose weight/put on weight 14.对…失去胃口
lose appetite for 15.使我们精力充沛
make us energetic 16.不吃早餐
skip breakfast 17.挨饿
suffer from starvation or hunger 18.餐桌礼仪
table manners 19.点菜
take an order 20.吸收营养
take in nutrition 21.外卖食品
take-away food 22.进行有规律的运动
take regular exercise 23.注重食品质量
attach importance to food quality 24.更加注意你的饮食
pay more attention to your diet 25.养成健康的饮食习惯
develop healthy eating habits
话题十三：健康
1.感冒/发烧
catch a cold/have a fever 2.患流感
have the flu 3.流鼻涕
have a running nose 4.某个部位疼痛
have a pain in… 5.感觉虚弱/恶心feel weak/sick 6.感到紧张/沮丧
feel stressed/depressed 7.患上重病
suffer from a serious disease 8.进行体检
have a body check 9.量体温
take one’s temperature 10.吃药
take the medicine 11.给某人做手术
have an operation on sb 12.实施急救
perform first aid 13.吸毒成瘾
be addicted to drugs 14.染上…的习惯
get into the habit of 15.暴露在辐射环境下
be exposed to radiation 16.身心健康
mental and physical health 17.呼吸新鲜空气
breathe fresh air
18.自我放松
relax oneself 19.减少/释放压力
reduce/release pressure 20.养成好生活习惯
form good living habits 21.勇敢地面对困难
face difficulties with courage 22.身体好/差
in good/poor health 23.熬夜/学习到深夜
stay up all night/study late into the night 24.医疗保险/护理
medical insurance/care 25.焦虑的负面影响
the negative effects of anxiety
话题十四：天气
1.晴转阴/阴转雨 sunny then cloudy/cloudy then rainy 2.强阵雨
heavy showers 3.阳光灿烂的一天
a sunny day 4.天气预报
weather forecast 5.降到零下八度
drop to five degree below zero 6.非常寒冷/炎热
freezing cold/burning hot 7.遇上一场大雨
be caught in a heavy rain 8.倾盆大雨
rains cats an dogs 9.带一把雨伞或雨衣
take an umbrella or raincoat 10.（房屋）倒塌
(building)fall down 11.（水电）被切断
(water and power supplies)be cut off 12.延续长达一个月
last as long as over a month 13.在飓风中被毁坏
be destroyed in the hurricane 14.被冰雪覆盖
be covered with ice and snow 15.在洪水/暴风雨中遇难
(people)be killed in the flood/storm 16.造成3人死亡和2人失踪
cause 3 deaths and 2 missing 17.有200多人受伤/失踪
with more than 200 people injured/missing 18.某物成为废墟
sth be in ruins;fall into ruins 19.变得无家可归
become homeless 20.造成巨大损失/经济损失
cause great damage/economic losses 21.派出救援队
send out rescue teams 22.给某人捐款
donate/contribute money to sb 23.重建家园
rebuild one’s homeland 24.恢复正常
return to normal 25.防汛抗旱
flood control and drought relief
话题十五：文娱与体育
1.卡通人物
cartoon characters 2.爱情片/战争片/科幻片
love/war/science fiction films 3.民族/爵士/流行/摇滚/古典音乐
folk/jazz/pop/rock/classical music 4.乐器
musical instrument 5.电视节目/连续剧
TV programs/series 6.奥斯卡大奖
Oscar Awards 7.举办音乐会
give a concert 8.使某人高兴
cheer sb up 9.为…鼓掌
applaud for 10.喜剧作家，导演和制片人
a comedy writer,director and producer 11.体育项目
sports event 12.运动员/主教练
competitor player/ athlete;chief coach 13.决赛/半决赛
finals/semifinals 14.主办奥运会
host the Olympics 15.踢进一球
score a goal 16.憋住气
hold one’s breath 17.深吸一口气
take a deep breath 18.进行身体锻炼
take physical exercise 19.争夺金牌
compete for a gold medal 20.打破一项纪录
beat/break a record 21.创新世界纪录
set a new world record 22.获得冠军
win the championship 23.赢得一枚金牌/银牌/铜牌
win a gold/silver/copper medal 24.赢得观众的掌声
win the applause of the audience 25.为奥运会建造新的体育场
build a new stadium for the Olympic Games
话题十六：旅游和交通 1.旅行社
travel agency 2.旅游景点
tourist attraction
3.风景名胜
a place of interest 4.周游世界
travel round the world 5.太空旅游
space tourism 6.度假
be on holiday 7.去旅游
go on a trip 8.入住（旅馆）/退房
check in/out 9.森林/沙漠探险（探索）explore a forest/desert 10.订一张飞机票
book an airline ticket 11.将东西装箱打包
pack sth up 12.为某人送行
see sb off 13.（了解）当地文化
understand the local culture 14.欣赏大自然美景
enjoy/appreciate the beauties of nature 15.拓宽知识面/增长知识
broaden one’s knowledge;increase one’s world 16.更多地了解外面的世界
know more about the outside world 17.促进友谊和理解
promote friendship and understanding 18.骑车/骑马
ride a bike/horse 19.坐公车/的士/飞机
take a bus/taxi/plane 20.扣好安全带
fasten safety belt 21.遇上交通堵塞
be stuck in traffic jams 22.交通事故
traffic accidents 23.交通规则
traffic rules/regulations 24.走斑马线
walk on the zebra crossing 25.等到绿灯
wait for the green light
话题十七：语言学校
1.培养对英语的兴趣
develop one’s interest in English 2.如何记单词
how to remember English words 3.扩大某人的词汇量
enlarge one’s vocabulary 4.查词典
look up a word in the dictionary 5.参加英语演讲比赛
take part in the English speech contest 6.写英语日记
keep a diary in English 7.养成阅读习惯
form the habit of reading 8.每天练习英语口语
practice oral English every day
9.尽可能经常使用英语
use English as often as possible 10.培养用英语思考的习
develop the habit of thinking in English 11.大胆而自信地说英语
speak English bravely and confidently 12.提高写作能力/技巧
improve one’s writing ability/skills 13.（通过实践）学会法语
pick up French 14.流利表达意思
express oneself fluently 15.强调语法学习
focus on learning grammar 16.有效的学习方法
effective learning methods 17.良好的学习态度
a good attitude to learning 18.精通英语
have a good command of English 19.更好地了解这两种不同文化
have a better understanding of the two different cultures 20.就如何学好英语给我们提些建议
give us some advice on how to learn English 21.提高学习效率
improve the learning efficiency 22.作为国际交流的一种工具
as a tool of international communication 23.消除误会
clear the air 24.我觉得记单词很难
I feel it difficult to learn words by heart 25.对于A和B这两者的区别我感到很迷惑
I am confused about the difference between A and B
话题十八：自然
1.植树/砍伐树木
plant trees/cut down trees 2.违背自然规律
go against nature 3.保护濒临灭绝的动物不被杀害
protect the endangered 4.处于危险之中
(be)in danger of extinction 5.严惩捕猎者
punish the hunters severely 6.保持/破坏生态平衡
keep/damage the balance of nature 7.创造良好的生态环境
create a pleasant ecological environment 8.和动物和谐相处
live in harmony with animals 9.致力于保护野生动物
devote oneself to protecting wildlife 10.唤醒人们保护野生动植物的意识
arouse people’ awareness of wildlife protection
11.采取有效措施保护珍稀动物
take effective measures to protect rare animals 12.（地震等）袭击（某地）(earthquake)strike(sp)13.被冲走
be washed away 14.全部焚毁
burn to the ground 15.让整个城市成为废墟
leave the whole city in ruins 16.被困人员
the trapped people 17.困在废墟中
be trapped in the ruins 18.面对各种困难
(be)faced with all kinds of difficulties 19.克服困难
overcome difficulties 20.受灾地区
stricken district 21.地震灾民
the earthquake victims 22.拯救受害人
rescue victims/sufferer 23.呼吁人们捐赠
call on people to make donations 24.对…伸出援助之手
give a helping hand to sb 25.从灾难中恢复过来
recover from the disaster
话题十九：世界与环境
1.改善生活
improve people’s life 2.改善居住条件
improve our living conditions 3.促进经济发展
promote the economic development 4.以消耗资源为代价
at the price/cost of resource exhausting 5.往河里排放未经处理的废水
pour waste water into rivers without being treated 6.排放烟雾和有毒气体
send out smoke and poisonous 7.水/噪音/空气/白色污染
water/noise/air/white/ pollution 8.污染环境/空气
pollute the environment/air 9.使得全球温度上升
cause the global temperature to go up 10.全球变暖
global warming 11.温室效应
greenhouse effect 12.异常的气候
abnormal climate quality of life 13.倡导绿色生活
advocate green life 14.提高生活质量
improve the quality of life 15.提倡低碳生活
advocate a low-carbon lifestyle
16.对生态友好的产品
eco-friendly products 17.环保产品
environment-friendly products 18.生产或使用绿色产品 go green 19.开发可再生资源
develop renewable resources 20.采取行动
take action 21.改善环境
improve the environment
22.雨后春笋般涌现
spring up like mushrooms 23.发出恶臭
give off a bad smell 24.与污染作斗争
fight against pollution 25.意识到环保的重要性
be aware of the importance of protecting environment
话题二十：科普知识与现代技术 1.信息技术
IT 2.上网浏览信息
surf the Internet 3.用鼠标点击
click on sth 4.从网络下载信息
download information 5.成立了一个研究中心
set up a research center 6.进行一项研究
carry out a research 7.载人宇宙飞船
manned spaceship 8.发射人造卫星
launch a satellite 9.实现某人的梦想
realize one’s dream 10.吸引某人的注意
catch/attract/draw sb’s attention 11.各种各样高科技产品 a variety of high-tech products 12.先进的科学技术
advanced science and technology 13.改变某人的生活
change one’s life 14.提高人类的生活质量
improve the quality of human life 15.赶上世界先进水平
catch up with the advanced world levels 16.有很大影响，有很大差别
make a great difference 17.使得生命有可能发展了
make it possible for life to develop 18.能使用
be accessible to
19.使某人能做某事 enable sb to do sth 20.在某方面起重要的作用
play an important role in 21.代替
take the place of
22.与…有关联
be related/linked to 23.得益于；从…受益
benefit from 24.实现，成为现实
come true 25.随着科技的迅速发展
with the rapid development of science and technology
话题二十一：热点话题
1.保护生存环境
protect living environment 2.保护环境
protect the environment 3.保护生态环境
protect the ecological environment 4.提高人们的环保意识
raise people’s awareness of environment protection 5.爱护树木花草 care for trees and plants 6.骑自行车上班
ride bicycles to work 7.课本/垃圾回收利用
recycle textbooks/trash 8.乘坐公共交通
take public transport 9.正确处理垃圾 deal with rubbish properly 10.节约能源/水
save energy/water 11.不随地扔垃圾/吐痰
don’t litter/spit everywhere 12.分类垃圾
sort the garbage 13.禁止滥用塑料袋
ban abusing plastic bags 14.禁止在公共场合吸烟
ban smoking in public places 15.减少污染
reduce pollution 16.控制人口增长
control the population growth 17.降低青少年犯罪
lower the rate of teenage crime 18.智能手机
smart phone 19.深化改革
deepen reform 20.把…考虑进去
take sth into consideration 21.科学发展观
the Scientific Outlook on Development 22.走中国特色社会主义道路
follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics 23.无法忽视这一事实
we cannot ignore the fact that… 24.不可否认
there is no denying the fact that 25.毫无疑问 there is no doubt that…
话题二十二：历史与地理 1.文物
cultural objects 2.古迹，历史遗迹
historical site 3.保护文化遗产
protect cultural relics 4.灿烂的历史文化
the brilliant history and culture 5.了解我们的民族文化
learn about our national culture 6.民族自豪感
a sense of national pride 7.废除奴隶制
abolish slavery 8.一代一代传下来
be passed down/on form generation to generation 9.起源于
had its origins in 10.被描述成be described as 11.被公认是
be acknowledge as 12.被认为是
be considered(as/to be 13.据说是
be said to be 14.一位剪纸大师
a master of paper cutting 15.开始存在，产生 come into existence 16.掌权，上台
come into power 17.具有悠久历史的国家
a country with a long history
18.以其文明的历史而著称
be famous for its history of civilization 19.一个文明古国
a country with an ancient civilization 20.有丰富的自然资源和旅游资源
be rich in natural and tourism resources 21.学习中国历史
study Chinese history 22.带领某人参观某地
show sb around 23.唐朝
Tang Dynasty 24.五四运动
the May Fourth Movement 25.前一年
the previous year
话题二十三：社会
1.弱势群体
disadvantaged groups 2.稳步增长
rise/grow steadily/the steady growth(of)
3.做好事
do a good deed 4.自愿做某事
volunteer to do sth.5.对…负责
be responsible for 6.工作经验
working experience 7.积极参加社会实践
take an active part in the social practice 8.对…有影响
make a difference to 9.认为…是理所当然
take it for granted 10.与某人分享/共用
share…with sb 11.将某事归功于某人
owe sth to sb 12.满足需求
satisfy the needs of 13.自改革开放以来
since reform and opening-up 14.得出结论
draw a conclusion 15.劝他戒烟
advise him to give up smoking 16.做…有困难
have difficulty in doing sth 17.不遗余力做某事
spare no efforts to do sth 18.由…引起
result form 19.（想法或主意）被想到；某人想到（某主意）20.碰巧做某事
occur to sb 21.为社会作贡献
make contributions to the society 22.调整自己以适应新生活
adjust oneself to the new life 23.根据表格/曲线图中所给的数字
according to the figures given by the table/graph 24.随着经济的快速发展
with the rapid development growh of economy 25.人们普遍认为
It is commonly believed/recognized that
话题二十四：文学与艺术 1.相声
a cross talk 2.京剧
Beijing Opera 3.（书）出版
come out 4.根据，以…为基础
be based on 5.以…为（故事发生的）背景
be set in 6.在…担任主角
star in 7.作为…而著称
be known as
8.在…受欢迎
be popular in 9.当代文学
contemporary literature 10.民间文学
folk literature 11.传统的民间艺术
traditional folk art 12.艺术展览
an art exhibition 13.我最喜欢的画家
my favorite painter 14.写了许多剧本/短篇小说
write many dramas/short stories 15.欣赏诗歌
appreciate poetry 16.写了三篇散文
write 3 essays 17.从事文学创作
engage in literary creation 18.把小说改编为电影
adapt novels for movies 19.得到诺贝尔文学奖
gain the Nobel Prize in literature 20.没有灵感
without inspiration 21.一部现实主义小说/一幅写实画
a realistic novel/drawing 22.抽象派艺术/画家
a abstract art/painter 23.生动的描述
a vivid description 24.一位杰出的艺术家 an outstanding artist/a distinguished artist 25.某人的一部代表作 one of sb’s masterpieces
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