西南科技大学2013年秋大二英语期末考试翻译资料

第一篇：西南科技大学2013年秋大二英语期末考试翻译资料

Unit 1.Jim Doherty may not be a born farmer, but he gets by without too much trouble.Not that he has had it easy.That first hard winter he faced must have left him with the temptation to give up and go back to the city.But he managed to get through it without losing heart.He’s picked up a lot of skills since then and made some real improvement to his farm,though without much laborsaving machinery,aside from that old rotary cultivator.I suspect he doesn’t make all thar much,though he does have his writing to supplement what little profit he makes from the farm.I guess he does it primarily for the quality of life.Certainly,they seem a happy family and you can often see them out working together,one day spraying apple trees,the next stacking firewood.吉姆多尔蒂可能不是一个天生的农民，但是他没有太多的麻烦。不，他过得很轻松。第一个严冬一定使他面临放弃的诱惑，回到城里。但他设法通过它而不失去信心。他学会了很多技能，自那时以来，使一些真正的改善自己的农场，虽然没有太多的省力机械，除了老旋耕机。我怀疑他不让所有的东西，尽管他有他的写作补充什么利润很少，使他从农场。我猜想他这样做只是为了生活质量。当然，他们似乎是一个幸福的家庭，你可以经常看到他们一起外出工作，一天喷苹果树下堆放柴草。

Unit 2.The Underground Railroad was forged by the efforts of those who were prepared to fight against slavery and stand up for the long-suffering Southern black Americans.Some of those who helped to transport slaves to the north and freedom were former slavers themselves.Others felt compelled to take part because of their deeply held convictions.For many of those involved, liberating the slaves from those who exploited them became a mission.While their eventual goal was to abolish slavery completely, in the meantime they were intent on helping to free as many slaves as possible, often at considerable risk.In the eyes of slave owners, they were dangerous enemies and frequently received death threats.地下铁道在那些立志反抗奴隶制度的人们的努力下建成，支持长期受苦的美国南方黑人。其中一些人帮助运送奴隶到北方和解放的地方，他们以前也是奴隶。另外有一些人因为坚定的信念而积极参与。对于参与到其中的许多人来说，用他们解放奴隶变成了一项任务。他们的总体目标是完全废除奴隶制度，同时致力于帮助解放尽可能多的奴隶，常常使得他们处于相当危险的境地。

Unit 3.Statistics show that crime in rural areas is now rising faster than in the cities.The era when the countryside stood for safety and security has long gone.No longer is it safe anywhere to go out leaving the door on the latch.We all feel vulnerable and seek to strengthen the barriers we use to hold criminals at bay.These can range from old fashioned bolts and bars to the latest electronic devices.A moment’s reflection, however is enough to bring us face to face with the following puzzle: we may have locked the evils out,but in doing so we have locked ourselves in.This hardly seems a civilized way of life.统计数字表明，现在乡村地区犯罪率的上升快于城镇。乡村地区更加安全的时代结束了。插上门当就可以安全出门的日子已不复存在。在海湾地区，我们感觉安全方面的脆弱，试图加固我们用来预防犯罪分子进入的设施。这些设施和方法从过时的加固装置、栅栏到最先进的电子设备应有尽有。然而，稍稍想一下，我们就会面临一个困惑：我们也许

把邪恶挡在了外面，可同时也把我们自己锁在了家里。这似乎不是一个文明的生活方式啊。

Unit 5.Alex Haley was at sea when he started thinking how best he could mark Thanksgiving.Turing over the meaning of the holiday in his mind, he came to reverse the order of the words and got to thinking about giving thanks.How, he wondered, could the repay those who had been so helpful to him in the past? It seemed to him the the best way he could express his gratitude would be to write to them.For too long he had gong about without troubling to tell them how much he appreciated all that they had done for him.Before long he had assembled pen and paper and was immersed in assemble writing.Not long after the ship reached port,people started unloading its cargo together with his letters.The replies were not swift in arriving,but when they did, he found them deeply moving.在•哈利考虑如何庆祝感恩节的时候，他人还在船上。他在脑海中反复掂量着感恩节的意义，并最终觉得应将感恩节（Thanksgiving）的倒过来，他要表达自己的感谢（giving thanks）。那么，如何才能报答那些曾在过去给予自己很大帮助的人们呢？•哈利认为最好方法就是给他们写信。因为自己四处漂流的时间太长，一直没能告诉他们对于他们为自己所做的一切的感激之情。不一会儿，他就准备好了纸笔，并埋头于写信当中。不久，在轮船到达港口并卸下货物的同时，也带走了的信。•哈利并未能很快收到回信。但当这些回信最终到来时候，他感受到了他们的深深的感动。

Unit 6

I had only known Johnsy a few months when she fell victim to the disease.We had met in May and, finding ourselves so much in time, had set up home together.Then, in November, she became ill.Scare able to speak in a whisper, she seemed unable to cling to life.It was such a change.Before she had always been so lively and merry.Now she just sat up in bed, staring out of the window.She had this strange belief that once the last leaf on the vine outside fell, she would die.I told her it was all nonsense, but to no effect.It was our downstairs neighbor, Mr.Behrman, who came to her rescue.When he heard of Johnsy`s strange fancy he flew into a fierce temper, regarding it as a sin that one so young should give up life so easily.Thanks to Behrman, the last leaf never did fall.Late at night he had climbed up and painted the leaf on the wall.It was his long-promised masterpiece.我只知道约翰西几个月当她疾病的牺牲品。5月我们见过,发现自己如此合拍,还一起建立家园。然后,去年11月,她病了。几乎不能低声说话,她似乎无法坚持的生活。这种变化。之前她一直是那么活泼快乐。现在,她只是坐在床上,盯着窗外。她这个奇怪的信念,一旦最后叶葡萄树下降外,她就会死去。我告诉她都是无稽之谈,但毫无效果。

这是我们楼下的邻居,贝尔曼先生,他救了她。当他听到约翰西的奇怪的幻想他飞进一个脾气暴躁,对它作一个如此年轻的人应该放弃生活那么容易。

多亏了贝尔曼,最后一片叶子从未下降。深夜他爬上和墙上的叶子画。这是他早就承诺的杰作

第二篇：西南科技大学党课考试资料

一、填空

1．中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和的先锋队。党的最高理想和最终奋斗目标是。

2．中国共产党的指导思想是、、和。

3．党的领导主要是、和领导。

4．是党的根本组织原则。

5．加强民主基础上的集中，就是要坚持党章规定的“四个服从”原则，即、、、。

6．党章规定，党任何形式的个人崇拜。

7、党章规定，党的各级领导机关，除了它们派出的代表机关和在非党组织中的党组外，都由产生。

8．党的最高领导机关，是和它所产生的中央委员会。

9．坚持和完善民主集中制的根本要求与目标，就是努力在全党造成又有集中又有，又有纪律又有，又有统一意志又有局面。

10．民主集中制是基础上的集中和指导下的民主相结合的制度。

11．党的各级委员会实行和相结合的制度。凡属重大问题都要按照、、、的原则，由党的委员会集体讨论和作出决定。

12．党的纪律处分有五种：、、、、。

13．共产党员在纪律面前。

14．党的纪律具有、、等特征。

15．党的思想路线是，理论联系实际，实事求是，在实践中检验和发展真理。

16．我们党最大的政治优势是密切联系群众，党执政后最大的危险是。

17．党章规定：年满岁的中国工人、农民、军人、知识分子和其他社会阶层的先进分子，承认，愿意参加党的一个组织

并在其中积极工作、执行和按期的，可以申请加入中

国共产党。

18．申请入党的人，要填写，要有两名作介绍人，要经过通过和批准，并且经过的考察，才能成为正式党员。

19．预备党员的义务同正式党员一样。权利，除了没有、和以外，也同正式党员一样。

20．发展党员，必须经过党的支部，坚持的原则。

21．中国共产党代表的发展要求，代表中国的前进方向，代表中国的根本利益。

22.中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和_______的先锋

队。党的最高思想和最终目标是_______。

23.___________是中国特色社会主义事业取得胜利的根本保证。

24.党代表中国_______的发展要求，代表中国_______的前进方向，代表中国

_______的根本利益。

25.中国共产党的指导思想是_______、_______、_______和_______。

26.党的十七大的主题是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和

“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实_______，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进_______，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗。

27.党的领导主要是_______、_______和_______的领导。

28.改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是

要___________，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。

29.党的思想路线是______________，理论联系实际，实事求是，在实践中检

验真理和发展真理。

30.我们党的最大政治优势是密切联系群众，党执政中的最大危险是_______。

31.共产党员应当发扬社会主义新风尚，带头实践_______，提倡共产主义道德，为了保护国家和人民的利益，在一切困难和危险的时刻挺身而出，英勇斗争，不怕牺牲。

32._______是党的根本组织原则。

33.加强民主基础上的集中，就是要坚持党章规定的“四个服从”的原则，即：

_______、_______、_______、_______。

34.党章规定，我们要坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的______________、民族区域自治制度以及基层群众自治制度。

35.除了________________的个人利益和工作职权以外，所有共产党员都不得

谋求任何私利和特权。

36.党章规定，必须按照中国特色社会主义事业总体布局，全面推进_______

建设、_______建设、_______建设、_______建设。

37.发展党员坚持入党_______，是由我们党的性质和宗旨所决定的。

38.党章规定：年满_______岁的中国工人、农民、军人、知识分子和其他社会

阶层的先进分子，承认____________，愿意参加党的一个组织并在其中积极工作、执行_______和按期_______的，可以申请加入中国共产党。

39.申请入党的人，要填写_______，要有两名_______作介绍人，要经过_______通过和_______批准，并且经过_______的考察，才能成为正式党员。

40.预备党员的义务同正式党员一样。预备党员的权利，除了没有_______、_______和_______以外，也同正式党员一样。

41.党的纪律处分有五种：_______、_______、_______、_______、_______。

二、单项选择题

1．中国共产党的宗旨是。

A．全心全意为人民服务B.实现社会主义现代化C.巩固党的执政地位

2．我国正处于并将长期处于。

A.社会主义初级阶段B.新民主主义阶段C.发达社会主义阶段

2．党章规定，是党内纪律的最高处分。

A.开除党籍B.警告C.记过

3．党组织对违反党的纪律的党员，应当本着的精神，按照错误性质和清洁轻重，给予批评教育纸质纪律处分。

A.惩前毖后、治病救人B.坦白从宽、抗拒从严C.从重从快、毫不留情

4．党内是党的生命，对人民民主具有重要的示范和带动作用。

A.民主B.法制C.监督D.纪律

5．发展党员工作，要，保证质量，有领导、有计划地进行。

A.多多益善B.坚持标准C.实行关门主义

6．预备党员的预备期为。

A.半年B.一年C.三个月

7．科学发展观，第一要义是发展，核心是以人为本，基本要求是，根本方法是统筹兼顾。

A.全面协调可持续B.生态平衡C.和谐发展

8．党章规定，党员如果没有正当理由，连续六个月不参加党的组织生活，或不交纳党费、或不履行党员义务、或不做党所分配的工作，就被认为是。

A.自行脱党B.应补交党费C.批评教育

9．是社会主义民主政治的本质和核心。

A.人民当家作主B.健全民主制度C.拓宽民主渠道

10．是决定一个政党、一个政权盛衰的根本因素。

A.执政能力B.领导水平C.人心向背

11．新时期最显著的成就是。

A.改革开放B.与时俱进C.市场经济

12.中国共产党始终成为中国工人阶级的先锋队，与自觉成为中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，二者是_______。

A.统一的B.矛盾的C.对立的13.中国共产党的宗旨是_______。

A.全心全意为人民服务B.反腐败C.巩固党的执政地位

14.发展党员工作，要_______，保证质量，有领导、有计划地进行。

A.多多益善B.坚持标准C.实行关门主义

15.预备党员在预备期间不履行党员义务，不具备党员条件的，应当_______。

A.取消预备党员资格B.延长预备党员资格C.保留预备党员资格

16.科学发展观，第一要义是发展，核心是以人为本，基本要求是_______，根本方法是统筹兼顾。

A.全面协调可持续B.生态平衡C.和谐发展

17.预备党员的预备期为_______。

A.半年B.一年C.二年

18.党章第二条规定：“中国共产党党员是_______的有共产主义觉悟的先锋战士。”

A.农民阶级B.工人阶级C.资产阶级

19._______是争取入党的首要问题。

A.端正入党动机B.良好的态度C.年满十八岁

20.党的最高思想和最终目标是_______。

A.实现共产主义B.建设社会主义C.全面建设小康社会

21.党员的党龄，从_______之日算起。

A.递交入党志愿书B.支部大会通过其为预备党员C.预备期满转为正式党员

三、多项选择题

1.中国特色社会主义理论体系，就是包括_______、_______、_______在内的科学理论体系。

A.“三个代表”重要思想

B.邓小平理论

C.科学发展观等重要战略思想

D.毛泽东思想

2.中国共产党领导全国各族人民，经过长期的反对_______的革命斗争，取得了新民主主义革命的胜利。

A.帝国主义

B.殖民主义

C.官僚资本主义

D.封建主义

3.党章规定，党的建设必须_______。

A.坚持党的基本路线

B.坚持解放思想，实事求是，与时俱进

C.坚持全心全意为人民服务

D.坚持民主集中制

4.党章规定，党的最高领导机关是_______。

A.中央政治局B.中央书记处C.党的全国代表大会D.中央委员会

5.党支部的“三会一课”制度的“三会”指的是_______。

A.党员大会B.党员代表大会C.支部委员会D.党小组会

6.党章规定，党员如果没有正当理由，_______就被认为是自行脱党。

A.连续六个月不参加党的组织生活

B.或不交纳党费

C.或不履行党员八项义务

D.或不做党所分配的工作

7.关于预备党员转正的说法正确的有_______。

A.只要预备党员的预备期满一年就可以转为正式党员

B.预备党员在预备期间认真履行党员义务，具备党员条件的，应当按期转为正式党员

C.预备党员转正必须经过支部大会讨论通过和上级党组织批准

D.预备党员转正必须由本人提出转正申请

8.申请入党必须具备的条件是_______。

A.年满十八岁的中国工人、农民、军人、知识分子和其他社会阶层的先进分子

B.承认党的纲领和章程

C.愿意参加党的一个组织并在其中积极工作、执行党的决议和按时交纳党费

D.必须是共产主义青年团员

9.中国共产党党员的基本条件是_______。

A.中国工人阶级的有共产主义觉悟的先锋战士

B.必须全心全意为人民服务，不惜牺牲个人的一切，为实现共产主义奋斗终身

C.必须经过党的支部大会讨论通过

D.永远是劳动人民的普通一员

10.从申请入党到成为一名共产党员必须经过的程序是_______。

A.被确定为入党积极分子

B.被确定为发展对象

C.进行政治审查

D.预备党员的转正

四、判断下列观点的正误，并简要说明理由

1．党的纪律是特的纪律，但是，特殊情况下，领导干部可以不遵守。

2．党除了最广大人民的根本利益，没有自己特殊的利益。

3．“三个代表”重要思想的本质是立党为公、执政为民。

4．增强党的阶级基础意味着排斥其他阶级和阶层的先进分子入党。

五、简答题

1．申请入党的基本条件

2．党的纪律处分的种类

3.党章在规定共产党员必须履行八项义务的同时，也具体规定了党员享有的八项权利，具体内容是什么？

4.入党积极分子如何遵守党的纪律？

5.要求入党的同志要履行那些规定的入党手续？

六、论述题

1．结合自身实际，谈谈你对本门课程学习的心得体会

2.结合自己的认识谈谈为什么说为人民服务是我们党生存和发展的依据？

3.大学生入党积极分子应努力创造条件争取早日加入党组织

七、名词解释

1.科学发展观

2.党的指导思想

3.党的组织制度

4.党的基本路线

八、判断分析题：

1、凡是党员（包括正式党员和预备党员）都有表决权、选举权和被选举权。

2、除了法律和政策规定范围内的个人利益和工作职权以外，所有共产党员都不得谋求任何私利和特权。

第三篇：英语大二下期末考试总结

翻译（5分）

1)Mr.Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.（多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收）We must not underestimate the enemy.They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.（我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器）Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.（菲尔已经三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望）

Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.（作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确）Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.（既然已证实这家化工产是污染源，村委会决定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位）

2)There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.The frequency of the bus service has been improved form 15 to 12 minute recently.The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.3)Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted out that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.We have the technology and our partner had the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations.You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.5)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up.The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.6)They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases / cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.作文（15分）：议论文（观点对比型、观点论证型、现象论述型或问题解决型中的某一种）

选择题（15分）：综合教程(4)1-8单元Text A & B 中重点词汇、结构以及语法（尤其是1、2、3、5、6单元Text A后的相关练习）

第四篇：大二英语下册句子翻译整理

Unit 11、这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。

The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2、研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。

Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3、有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。

Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4、我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。

We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do;we would do it.5、连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。

Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6、当局控告他们威胁国家安全。

They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.Unit 21、要是这部喜剧中的人物更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。

If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．

2、她从未对自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成为一名成功的演员。

She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3、我从未受过正是培训，我只是边干边学。

I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along.4、随着产品进入国际市场，他们的品牌知名度越来越高了。

As their products find their way into the international market，their brand is gaining in popularity.5、她可以编造一个故事，说自己被窃贼打昏，所有的钱都没了，但她怀疑自己是否能让这个故事听起来可信。

She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone，but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6、谁都不清楚他是否故意推迟了这次访问，可是这引起了对他更多的批评。

No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.Unit 31、据报道有七八位官员收受贿赂，市长决定亲自出马调查这件事。

Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2、这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作。现在他们再次面临失业的危险了。

These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3、你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格，它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on

goods.4、不知为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了，结果他们比原计划晚到了三小时。

Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5、那位官员卷入了一场丑闻，数周后被迫辞职。

The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6、这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立起自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆。

The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.Unit 41、我父母不是对我的教育投资，而是把钱花在了买新住房上。

Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2、如今，人们用于休闲娱乐的开支是过去的两倍。

Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3、一家公司要成功，它必须跟上市场的发展。

In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4、与申请这个职位的其他女孩相比，她流利的英语是个优势。

Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5、对于学生而言，没有任何地方比图书馆更好了，在那里所有的图书都任由他们使用。

For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6、我们要充分利用好这个平台，加强交流，拓展合作领域，共谋发展大计。

We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.Unit 51、这位小个子男子并不如他看上去那么单纯。

This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2、对这个问题我已束手无策了，所以你不妨去救助于王教授吧。

There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3、双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果，并希望合作进一步加深。

Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4、一方面，亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受，另一方面，它也能“广直言之路，启进善之门”。On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with Constructive suggestions”.5、他孤独的感觉时起时落，他有时会对自己、对宠物、对电视机唠叨不休。

His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6、毕竟，金钱不是万能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。

After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.Unit 61、假设你发现了你自己的同事受贿，你会不会无动于衷呢？

Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it?

2、他如此固执，我们已对他失望了。跟他争论一点意义都没有。

We've given up on him because he is so stubborn.It is pointless to argue with him.3、他突然想到了一个加速实验进程的好办法，但组里的成员却对此意见不一。

He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4、今天我能够使自己的职业与兴趣相符，之前我是做不到的。

Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5、要成为一名驾驶员，视觉上分辨红色与绿色的能力是必不可少的。

The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6、这个组由七八个人组成，他们经常见面，分享彼此的信息。

The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.Unit 71、这些科学家在创建基因图谱的过程中体会到：合作不仅仅是一种有吸引力的选择，它还是一种责任。In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more than an attractive option;it was a responsibility.2、他们的研究发现简直就是一个奇迹。由于他们的发现，人们对人类基因的历史有了新的了解。

Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle.As a result of their findings, new light has been shed on the history of human genes.3、事实上，只有勤奋加方法得当才能使你在学习上比他人有优势。

In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over others.4、法官说这种惩罚将起到杀一儆百的作用。

The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.5、感染的危险只限于那些与病人有亲密接触的人。

The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the patients.6、从这一分析中我们可以更好地知道发生了什么以及要做些什么。

From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to do about it.Unit 81、只要他守规矩，我倒不在乎他晚上在外呆得这么晚。

I don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves himself.2、与其他计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为我觉得没有任何一个计划比他的计划更实际。I prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practical than his.3、他们与那家公司中断了生意来往，因为那家公司上一个财政损失惨重，已经破产了。

They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal year and went bankrupt.4、既然你不喜欢他，当初为什么还要邀请他参加你的生日晚会呢？

Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first place?

5、虽然知道获胜的可能性不大，但比赛失败后，我们多少还是有点沮丧。

Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in the game.6、也许这是为进步而付出的代价，谁知道呢？

Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress，who knows?

第五篇：英语教学法期末考试资料

Steps for teaching a grammatical item:

1.Provide a context

2.Help students to say the target language

3.Provide a written record

4.Personalize the target language

5.Help students to guess the grammar rules of the target language

6.Help students to understand the communicative importance of grammar

7.Help students to understand the importance of grammatical accuracy The deductive method

1.the rule is given first.2.The teacher explains the rules with examples.3.Students apply the rules to given situations(practices).The inductive method

Students are given the structure in context and are asked to work out the rules for themselves.They are given guidance from the teacher in using evidence from the context to work out the usage of the structure.Steps for teaching a sound：

1.Say the sound alone.2.Get the students repeat the sound in chorus

3.Get individual students to repeat the sound.4.Explain how to make the sound.5.Say the sound in a word.6.Contrast it with other sounds.7.Say the sound in meaningful context

Vocabulary items presentation and practices

Presentation

1.Try to provide a visual or physical demonstration whenever possible, using pictures, photos, video clips, mime or gestures to show meaning.2.Provide a verbal context to demonstrate meaning.Then ask students to tell the meaning first before it is offered by the teacher.3.Use synonyms or antonyms to explain meanings.4.Use lexical sets or hyponyms to show relations of words and their meanings,e.g cook::fry, boil, bake, grill, etc.5.Translate and exemplify, especially with technical words or words with abstract meaning.6.Use word formation rules and common affixes to build new lexical knowledge in what is already known.7.Teach vocabulary in chunks.Chunks refer to a group of words that go together to form meaning.It is also referred to as ‘pre-fabricated formulaic items’.8.Think about the context in real life where the word might be used.Relate newly learned language to students’ real life to promote high motivation.9.Think about providing different context for introducing new words.10.Prepare for possible misunderstanding or confusion that students may have.for practice and consolidation

--Songs and games

--semantic field and semantic mapping

--key word method

--vocabulary exercises

--regular review

Blank filling

1.Five main components of communicative competence:

Linguistic competenceis concerned with knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning.Pragmatic competenceis concerned with the appropriate use of the language in social context.Discourse competencerefers to one’s ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them.Strategic competence iis similar to communication strategies.It refers to strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resources.Fluencymeans one’s ability to “link units of speech together with facility and without strain or appropriate slowness or undue hesitation.2.Three principles of communicative language teaching(CLT):(1)Communication principle:Activities that involve real communication promote learning.(2)Task principle:Activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful tasks promote learning.(3)Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process.3.Six criteria for evaluating how communicative classroom activities are: 1.Communicative purpose 2.Communicative desire 3.Content, not form 4.Variety of language 5.No teacher intervention 6.No materials control.4.PPP=Presentation, Practice, Production.(be familiar with the five-step teaching method, which is quite similar to the PPP moder but adding revision at the beginning and consolidation at the end.TBLT=Task-based Language TeachingTBL=Task-based Learning

5.How to design tasks? Five steps:1.Think about students’ needs, interests, and abilities.2.Brainstorm possible tasks.3.Evaluate the list.4.Choose the language items.5.Preparing materials.6.Principles for good lesson planning: Aim, Variety, Flexibility, Learnability, Linkage.7.Components of a lesson plan: Background information, Teaching aims, Language contents and skills, Stages and procedures, Teaching aids, End of lesson summary, Optional activities and assignments, After lesson reflection.8.The role of the teacher: Controller, Assessor, Organiser, Prompter, Participant, Resource-provider, Teacher’s new roles: facilitator, guider, researcher.9.Classroom instructions: the type of language teachers use to organise or guide learning.How to make Classroom instructions effective: To use simple instructions and make them suit the

comprehension level of the students.Touse the mother-tongue only when it necessary.10.Student grouping: Whole class room, Pair work, Group work, Individual study.11.How to group: For pair work: Always follow a similar procedure;Assign roles clearly around the class;Demonstrate rather than explain;Keep an eye out for wanting interest.For group work:1)Group ss according to seating arrangement2)Ss select group members3)Strong & weak ss are mixed together 4)Strong & weak ss are grouped separately to do different tasks

5)Group by draw lots.12.What are errors? How are they different from mistake? A mistake refers to ‘a performance error that is either a random guess or a slip of tongue, and it is a failure performance to a known system.An error has direct relation with the learner’s language competence.Errors do not result from carelessness or hesitation, but lack of knowledge in the target language.A mistake can be self-corrected;an error cannot be.13.How to deal with errors? In dealing with errors and mistakes, we need to be clear whether the task or activity is focusing on accuracy or fluency.14.When to correct errors? Generally, it is best not to interrupt students during fluency work unless communication breaks down.Let a trivial mistake pass if most of the language is right.For some common mistakes, take a note in mind first and correct, after the student’s performance.15.How to correct errors? Different ways and techniques:1)Direct teacher correction 2)Indirect teacher correction 3)Self-correction 4)Peer correction 5)Whole class correction.Which techniques to use? As a general rule, indirect teacher correction is encouraged rather than direct ones to avoid damaging ss’ self-esteem and confidence.In practice, self-correction is encouraged before teacher correction or peer correction, esp, for mistakes.The whole class correction is used for main error types.