第一篇：《论语》英译
《论语》英译
Translation of Confucius' The Analects 【译论专题】《论语》的重要地位及其英译本 【论语原文选段之一】 学而时习之 【论语原文选段之二】 三省吾身 【论语原文选段之三】 和为贵 【论语原文选段之四】 三十而立 【论语原文选段之五】 身正令行
【论语原文选段之六】 三人行必有我师 【论语原文选段之七】 己所不欲 【论语原文选段之八】 富贵,贫贱 【论语原文选段之九】 刚,毅,木,讷 【论语原文选段之十】 唯仁者能好人 【论语原文选段之十一】 杀身成仁 【论语原文选段之十二】 仁者乐山 【论语原文选段之十三】 礼之本 【论语原文选段之十四】 以礼让为国 【论语原文选段之十五】 宽,敬,哀
【论语原文选段之十六】 君子博学于文 【论语原文选段之十七】 入则孝,出则弟 【论语原文选段之十八】 父母在,不远游 【论语原文选段之十九】 四种忧虑
【论语原文选段之二十】 有益,有损之乐 【论语原文选段之二十一】 见贤思齐 【论语原文选段之二十二】 不患无位
【论语原文选段之二十三】 人无远虑,必有近忧 【论语原文选段之二十四】 自责与责人 【论语原文选段之二十五】 有过应改 【论语原文选段之二十六】 松柏后凋 【论语原文选段之二十七】 君子重义 【论语原文选段之二十八】 君子周而不比 【论语原文选段之二十九】 君子和而不同 【论语原文选段之三十】 君子坦荡荡 【论语原文选段之三十一】 欲速则不达 【论语原文选段之三十二】 有教无类
【论语原文选段之三十三】 性相近,习相远 【论语原文选段之三十四】 学与思 【论语原文选段之三十五】 温故知新 【论语原文选段之三十六】 匹夫不可夺志 【论语原文选段之三十七】 知与不知
【论语原文选段之三十八】 讷于言,敏于行 【论语原文选段之三十九】 言与行 【论语原文选段之四十】 人与言
【论语原文选段之四十一】 学而不厌,诲人不倦 【论语原文选段之四十二】 见义不为,无勇也 【译论专题】
《论语》的重要地位及其英译本
《论语》是中国传统文化宝库中一颗最绚丽夺目的明珠.早在距今两千四百多年前的春秋末年和战国初期,这颗明珠即已熠熠发光.《论语》是一部记载孔子及其弟子言论的著作,后来成为儒家的最高经典,也是中国历史上最具权威性的文献典籍.《论语》篇幅不大,仅一万二千字,二十篇,但内容博大精深,且又言简意赅,对中国古代思想和文化产生了巨大的影响.它所包含的思想,久久以来,潜移默化,已经渗透到中国人的血液之中.任何中国人,不论是汉民族,还是少数民族,不论是本土华人,还是移居海外的侨胞,都自觉或不自觉地受着它的影响.自宋朝起,就有“半部《论语》治天下”之说.早在17世纪,《论语》便开始向欧洲传播,1687年巴黎已出现《论语》的拉丁文本.在亚洲的儒家文化圈内,《论语》的某些内容成了经济活动的道德规范.因此 《论语》已被译成各种文字.翻译古代经典著作,最大的问题是对原文的理解.孔子时代的古汉语,距现在久远,况且在这两千多年的时间里,曾出现过不同本子的《论语》,注解在一些地方也存在歧见,这就增加了理解的难度.译者在翻译时必须在可能的解释中作出选择,译文力求忠实于原文,并设法保持原文简练的风格.西方许多汉学家都翻译过《四书》或《论语》.在早期众多英译本中,影响比较大的有英国汉学家詹姆斯·莱格(James Legge)的译本,他本人起的中国名字叫理雅各(1814—1897),他把中国的《四书》,《五经》译成英文,名为The Chinese Classics, 分28卷,于1861年至1886年间出版,我国湖南出版社也于1992年出版了理雅各的《汉英四书》(本章评析中简称理译).较新的译本有The Analects of Confucius, 由英国汉学家亚瑟 · 威利(Arthur Waley)翻译,1992年在纽约出版,我国外语教学与研究出版社也于1998年出版了威利的《论语》(简称威译).还有托马斯·柯立瑞(Thomas Cleary)于1992年在旧金山出版的Essential Confucius.美国在1951年还出版了著名诗人埃兹拉·庞德(1885—1972)翻译的《论语》(Confucian Analects).在国内,早在一百多年前辜鸿铭先生就把《论语》翻译成英文.目前英译本较多,有研究型的,有普及型的,还有语录型的.本文所列举的翻译评析范例出自于以下版本:1.王福林的《论语详注及英译》,世界图书出版公司1997年版(简称王译);2.赖波,夏玉和翻译的《论语》,华语教学出版社1994年版(简称赖译);3.潘富恩,温少霞的《论语今译》,齐鲁书社1993年版(简称潘译);4.丁往道编译的《孔子语录一百则》,中国对外翻译出版公司1999年版(简称丁译).国外英译本以理雅各和威利翻译的《论语》为翻译范例.关于对《论语》的现代汉语注释,国内外译者大多参考宋代朱熹的《四书章句集注》.理雅各1843年起在香港任英华书院院长期间,受中国著名学者王韬的影响较大.威利在翻译中想尽力摆脱朱熹的影响,认为朱熹不是一个真正的学者,仅是一个福音派传教士,他只是用程朱理学来解释孔子,因此,有些强加于人.威利在《论语》英译本的前言中说,他要译出自己的版本,意在让欧洲读者了解《论语》作者们的初衷.因此,我们可以这样说,理雅各和威利两位西方汉学家的译本是带有原创性的译本,富有新意.但并不是说,他们对孔子思想的理解就很到家.由于中西文化的差异,西方译者在理解和表达方面和中国学者之间还有不少差距.中国译者王福林除参考朱熹的集注外,还参阅了钱穆的《论语新解》;赖波以华语教学出版社蔡希勤先生的中文译注为依据;潘富恩等以杨伯峻的《论语译注》(中华书局1980年版)为基础,又让吴树平先生重新修订中文注释本,同时兼采理雅各,威利和Leonard A.Lyall 等国外学者的研究成果.丁往道则以杨伯峻先生的《论语译注》(1980年版)为根据进行翻译.不同版本的翻译目的各不相同,其读者对象也各有所异,因此,都具有一定的特色和长处.本章选了《论语》的一些段落,附以六种不同版本的译文,并列表比较六种译本对关键词的不同处理,以便让读者在对比分析中学习他们的经验,摸索典籍翻译的某些规律.参考文献: [1] 王福林.论语详注及英译.上海:世界图书出版公司,1997 [2] 孔子著,Arthur Waley译.The Analects 论语.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1998 [3] 杨伯峻,吴树平今译,潘富恩,温少霞英译.THE ANALECTS OF CONFUCIUS 论语今译.济南:齐鲁书社,2004 [4] 蔡希勤中文译注,赖波,夏玉和英译.Analects of Confucius 论语.北京:华语教学出版社,2003 [5] 丁往道编译.孔子语录一百则.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1999 [6] 郭著章,李庆生.英汉互译实用教程.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003 [7] 崔永禄.文学翻译佳作对比赏析.天津:南开大学出版社,2003 【论语原文选段之一】
子曰1:“学而时习之2,不亦说乎3 有朋自远方来4,不亦乐乎5 人不知而不愠6,不亦君子乎7 ” 【概述】
这是《论语》“学而篇第一”中的首篇.要译好古籍经典,关键的问题是吃透对原文的理解.文言文中既有实词,又有虚词,还有令人费解的文言句式.翻译工作者的任务是,在正确理解解释原文的基础上,首先要把原文译成浅显的现代汉语,然后再译成英文.此段中的关键词是虚词“而”,实词“时”,“习”,“之”,“说”,“乐”,“人”,“不知”,“不愠”,“君子”等,还有古汉语句式“不亦……乎”.把握了对这些词的理解就抓住了全段的精髓.本段今译:孔子说:“学了知识并且经常复习,不也是令人愉快的事吗 有志同道合的人从远方来,不也是值得高兴的事吗 别人不了解自己,但自己不恼怒,这不也是君子的风度吗 ” 【翻译要点评析】
1.“子曰”,“子”是古代人对男子的尊称,常写在姓的后面.这里称孔子为“子”而讳其名,是孔子的学生对孔子的尊称.直呼孔子为Confucius是符合西方传统的,西方对作者一般直呼其名,而不加表示职称,身份等的词语.王译,赖译,丁译用Confucius 显然是为了点明“子”指的是谁.而威译,潘译为了传达中文的含义,用了 The Master 一词,表示“先师”之意,这就尽可能地保留了原文中的人际关系和文化特征,这样做虽然会使西方读者感到不习惯,但有利于他们了解原文的的内容,风格及原作者的意图.2.“学而时习之”,“学”:学习.此段中两个“而”都是连词,第一个“而”表递进关系,相当于“并且”and, 第二个“而”表转折关系,相当于“但是”.“时”:经常constantly;at due times;from time to time.“习”:复习,练习review and practise;repeat.“之”是代词,指学过的知识what one has already learned.3.“不亦说乎 ”“不亦……乎 ”是古汉语中一种常用句式,表示委婉的反问语气,相当于“不也是……的吗 ”“说”(yue),同“悦”,意即“高兴,快乐”.此句译成Isn't it a pleasure for one to do … 或Is it not pleasant to do…
4.“有朋自远方来”,“有朋”:旧注曰:“同门曰朋.”这里“朋”当指“弟子”解,王福林解作“志同道合的人”.多数译者译作friends, 王译为like-minded people, 比friends 有更深一层的意义,比较贴近原文.“自远方来”有不同的译法:coming from distant quarters;come to one from afar;coming from faraway places.5.“不亦乐乎 ”“乐”:快乐delightful;pleasure;a delight;a joy.6.“人不知而不愠”,“人”:别人others;men.“人不知”中“知”字无宾语,解作“别人不了解自己”,“不欣赏自己”,译法有 don't know;take no note of;one's merits are unrecognized by;fail to appreciate;is not properly understood.“愠”(yun):恼怒feel displeased;discomposure;take offence;feel no discontent.7.“不亦君子乎 ”君子:道德高尚,有修养的人.译法有:a man of complete virtue;a gentleman;a superior person(man)等.a man of complete virtue 译出了“君子”一词的内涵.【六种不同的译文】
1.理译:The Master said: “Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters Is it not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him ” 2.威译:The Master said, To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure That friends should come to one from afar, is this not after all delightful To remain unsoured even though one's merits are unrecognized by others, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman
3.王译:Confucius said: “Isn't it a pleasure for one to learn and then constantly review and practise what he has already learned Isn't it a pleasure for one to have like-minded people coming from faraway places If others don't know him, he doesn't feel displeased.Isn't it a superior person's bearing ”
4.赖译: Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar Is it not a gentleman after all who will not take offence when others fail to appreciate him ” 5.潘译:The Master said, “Is it not pleasant to learn and to review constantly what one has learned Is it not delightful to have friends coming afar Is he not a superior man, who feels no discontent though others do not know him ” 6.丁译:Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure to learn and practise from time to time what is learned Is it not a joy to see a friend who has come from a faraway place Is it not gentlemanly to have no resentment when one is not properly understood ” 【六种译本对关键词语译法之比较】 译本 原文 理 译 威 译 王 译 赖 译 潘 译 丁 译 “子” The Master The Master Confucius Confucius The Master Confucius “时习” with a constant perseverance and application to repeat constantly review and practise to practise in due time to review constantly to practise from time to time “不亦 说乎” Is it not pleasant Is that not after all a pleasure Isn't it a pleasure Is it not a pleasure Is it not pleasant Is it not a pleasure “自远 方来” coming from distant quarters come to one from afar coming from faraway places come from afar coming afar has come from a faraway place “乐” delightful delightful a pleasure a delight delightful a joy “不知” take no note of one's merits are unrecognized don't know fail to appreciate do not know is not properly understood “不愠” feel no discomposure to remain unsoured doesn't feel displeased will not take offence feel no discontent have no resentment “君子” a man of complete virtue a gentleman a superior person's bearing a gentleman a superior man be gentlemanly 【论语原文选段之二】
曾子1曰:“吾日三省吾身2:为人谋而不忠乎3 与朋友交而不信乎4 传不习乎5 ” 【概述】
这是《论语》“学而篇第一”中的第四篇.本篇中的关键词是“三省”,“谋”,“忠”,“信”,“传”,“习”.这些都是实词.文言虚词主要有“而”和“乎”,在选段之一的评析中已提到过.历来中外译者争议比较大的,是对“三省”二字的理解,有人认为是“三次”;有人认为是“三个方面”;还有人认为是“再三”,“多次”,笔者认为“再三”比较确切.本段今译:曾子说:“我每天都再三反身自己:为别人出主意有不真心的情况吗 与朋友交往有不讲信用的情况吗 老师传授的知识复习和练习了吗 ” 【翻译要点评析】
1.“曾子”:是孔子的学生,姓曾,名参.中国学者一般都译成Zeng Zi, 外国学者译为The philosopher Tsang或Master Tseng, 说明其身份.2.“吾日三省吾身”,“吾”:我.“日”:每天.“三”:再三,古汉语中,“三”和“九”常表示虚数,意即“多次”.丁往道理解为“三次”three times;理雅各和威利理解为“三个方面”three points;而王福林,赖波,潘富恩三人则理解为“再三”,“多次”several times;once and again.笔者认为,后三位中国译者的理解比较确切.“省”(xing):检查;反省examine.“吾身”:我自己myself.3.“为人谋而不忠乎 ”,“为人”:替别人for others.“谋”:出谋策划give counsels to others,有人译为transact business;act on behalf of;help;work;do things等,在对“谋”字的理解程度上深浅不等.“而”:本段的两个“而”都是连词.“忠”:忠心,faithful;loyal;conscientious均可.“乎”:此段忠的三个“乎”都是语气词,表示疑问语气,相当于“吗”.4.“与朋友交而不信乎 ”,“交”:交往intercourse with;get along with;in contacts with.“不信”:不守信用not sincere;not true to;insincere;not honest.5.“传不习乎 ”,“传”:老师传授的知识instruction of my teacher;what my teacher taught me.“习”:复习,练习review and practise.【六种不同的译文】
1.理译:The philosopher Tsang said, “I daily examine myself on three points: — whether, in transacting business for others, I may have been not faithful;— whether, in intercourse with friends, I may have been not sincere;— whether I may have not mastered and practised the instruction of my teacher.” 2.威译:Master Tseng said, Every day I examine myself on these three points: in acting on behalf of others, have I always been loyal to their interests In intercourse with my friends, have I always been true to my word Have I failed to repeat the precepts that have been handed down to me
3.王译: Zengzi said, “Several times each day I examine myself: Have I been unfaithful in giving counsels to others Have I been insincere in getting along with my friends And have I reviewed and practised the teachings of my teacher ” 4.赖译:Zeng Zi(a disciple of Confucius)said, “Every day I examine myself once and again: Have I tried my utmost to help others Have I been honest to my friends Have I diligently reviewed the instructions from the Master ” 5.潘译:Zeng Zi said, “I daily examine myself for several times: Have I been conscientious in working for others Have I been sincere in dealing with friends Have I reviewed what my teacher taught me ” 6.丁译:Zengzi said, “I examine myself three times daily: Have I been faithful in doing things for others Have I been trustworthy in contacts with friends Have I reviewed and practised what my teacher has taught me ” 【六种译本对关键词语译法之比较】 译 本 原文 理 译 威 译 王 译 赖 译 潘 译 丁 译 “三” three points three points several times once and again several times three times “谋” transact business act on behalf of give counsels to help in working for in doing things for “忠” faithful Loyal to faithful try my utmost to conscientious faithful “交” in intercourse with in intercourse with in getting along with to in dealing with in contacts with “信” sincere be true to my word sincere honest Sincere trustworthy “传” instruction of my teacher
precepts that have been handed down to me the teachings of my teacher the instructions from the Master what my teacher taught me What my teacher has taught me “习” master and practise repeat review and practise diligently review review review and practise 【论语原文选段之三】
有子1曰:“礼之用2,和为贵3.先王之道4,斯为美5,小大由之6.有所不行7,知和而和8,不以礼节之9,亦不可行也10.” 【概述】
这是《论语》“学而篇第一”中的第十二篇.讲礼仪与和谐的关系.“和为贵”是中华民族数千年以来处理国与国之间,人与人之间关系的一条非常宝贵的行为准则.中华民族是礼仪之邦,“礼”的最早倡导者就是孔子.礼的初义是求神赐福的祭祀活动,随着社会的发展,祭祀规模越来越大,祭祀方式越来越复杂,这种典礼成了古代氏族生活习俗的规范.再后来,礼便成了社会道德规范和行为准则.“礼”规定了上下,尊卑,亲疏,长幼的等级秩序.“礼”体现了群体意志,“按礼行事”就是遵守社会道德的规范,就是“仁”的表现.此篇中,翻译的难点是如何理解四个“之”,两个“为”,以及 “礼”,“和”,“贵”,“斯”,“美”,“有所不行”等关键词.本段今译:有子说:“礼的实行,以达到人们和谐相处为可贵.过去圣王治国之道的好处就在这里,无论大事小事都以和谐为准.但是也有行不通的地方,只知道要和谐,而一味地追求和谐,不用礼来节制,也是行不通的.” 【翻译要点评析】
1.“有子”:姓有名若,字子有,人尊称为有子,是孔子的得意门生.中国译者都译为Youzi或You Zi,而外国译者都译出有子的身份The Philosopher You 或Master Yu.2.“礼之用”,礼:指社会道德规范和行为准则,对人际关系的各个方面都起到了规范调节作用.可译为the proprieties;the rites;the ritual;rules of propriety.“之”:本段中有四个“之”,第一,二个 “之”是虚词——结构助词,相当于“的”,第三,四个“之”是实词,指“和”harmony.“用”:运用,实施, practise;the usages of;conduct;apply 均可.“礼之用”可译为in practising the rules of propriety.3.“和为贵”,“和”:和谐,亦即“和谐的人际关系”.中外大部分译者都译成harmony, 只有理雅各译为appropriateness, 在理解上有点偏离原意.“为”:此段中有两个“为”,都是动词,意即“是”.“贵”:可贵之处;值得称颂的,be prized, 可用强调句型译“和为贵”It is harmony that is prized.4.“先王之道”,“先王”:古代帝王,指尧,舜,禹,汤,文王,武王等圣贤君主the former sage-kings(sage“, 圣贤的),有人译作the ancient kings, 不如前者确切.”道“:《论语》中”道“有多种意思,这里是指”治国之道“ways to rule one's country或handing state affairs.5.”斯为美“,斯:是代词,相当于”这“,指”和为贵“.”美“:好,有人根据字面意思译为beautiful;beauty等,不如excellent;precious;excellent quality好.6.”小大由之“,”小大“:大事小事,things small and great;important or unimportant things;great or trivial均可.”由“:依从;根据follow;according to.”之“:这个原则this principle.7.”有所不行“,”所不行“是名词性词组,作”有“的宾语.”有所不行“意即”有行不通的地方“and yet it is not always successful;does not work.8.”知和而和“,”知和“:只知道要和谐for the sake of harmony.”而“是连词,表结果,相当于”因而“.可译为If harmony is sought for its own sake.9.”不亦礼节之“,”以“:介词,相当于”用“.”节“:调节,节制regulate;modulate.全句译为without regulating it by proprieties.10.”亦不可行也“,”亦“:副词,相当于”也“,”不可行“:行不通it won't do;does not work.”也“:语气词,表示终结的语气,可不译出.【六种不同的译文】
1.理译:The philosopher You said, ”In practisng the rules of propriety, appropriateness is to be prized.In the ways prescribed by the ancient kings, this is the excellent quality, and in things small and great we follow them.Yet it is not to be observed in all cases.If one, knowing how such appropriateness should be prized, manifests it, without regulating it by the rules of propriety, this likewise is not to be done.“ 2.威译:Master Yu said, In the usages of ritual it is harmony that is prized;the Way of the Former Kings from this got its beauty.Both small matters and great depend upon it.If things go amiss, he who knows the harmony will be able to attune them.But if harmony itself is not modulated by ritual, things will still go amiss.3.王译:Youzi said, ”The thing to be prized in applying the proprieties is to achieve the harmony among people.Among the ways the ancient kings adopted to rule their countries, this is excellent.They followed this principle in matters small or great.And yet it is not always successful.For instance, it won't do to achieve the harmony only for the sake of harmony without regulating it by proprieties.“ 4.赖译:You Zi said, ”In conducting the rites, seeking harmony is the most valuable principle.It was cherished by the ancient sage kings in handling state affairs.Great or trivial, they did everything according to this principle.If harmony is sought for its own sake without regulating it by the rites, however, the principle will not work.“ 5.潘译:You Zi said, ”In practising the rules of propriety, it is harmony that is prized.This is what is so precious in the ways of the ancient kings.They followed this principle in things small and great.Yet it is not to be observed in all cases.To know how such harmony should be prized, yet manifest it without regulating it by the rules of propriety, is something which should not be done.“ 6.丁译:Youzi said, ”The most valuable use of the rites is to achieve harmony.In harmony lies the most beautiful of the ways of the former sage-kings.Whether they dealt with important or unimportant things, they started from harmony.But there may be places where this principle does not work: pursuing harmony because one knows of it without regulating it with the rites is not feasible.“ 【六种译本对关键词语译法之比较】 译本 原文 理译 威译 王译 赖译 潘译 丁译 ”礼之用“ Practise rule of propriety In the usage of ritual Apply the proprieties Conduct the rites Practise rules of propriety Use of the rites ”和“ Appropriate-ness harmony To achieve the harmony Seeking harmony harmony To achieve harmony ”先王“ Ancient kings Former Kings Ancient kings Ancient sage kings Ancient kings Former sage-kings ”美“ Excellent quality Got its beauty excellent The most valuable precious The most beautiful ”小大“ Things small and great Both small matters and great Matters small or great Great or trivial
Things small and great Important or unimportant things ”知和“ Knowing appropriateness Know the harmony For the sake of harmony For its own sake Know harmony Because One knows of it 【论语原文选段之四】
子曰:”吾十有五而志于学1,三十而立2,四十而不惑3,五十而知天命4,六十而耳顺5,七十而从心所欲6,不逾矩7.“ 【概述】 这是《论语》”为政篇第二“中的第四篇.本篇概括了孔子一生不断追求”仁“所达到的各种境界.中外思想家能象孔子这样简明扼要地总结毕生历程者,似甚罕见.后人常用此指人生的各个阶段.本篇翻译的难点是如何正确理解”而立“,”不惑“,”知天命“,”耳顺“,”从心所欲,不逾矩“等关键词.一百多年前辜鸿铭先生把”天命“译作the truth in religion(宗教的真谛),这种译法的实际效果等于把孔子当作宗教师祖向国外介绍,似乎不符合原意.本段今译:孔子说:”我十五岁立志学习;三十岁立身处世站稳了脚跟;四十岁时明白各种事理而不迷惑;五十岁时懂得天命;六十岁时对别人的话能辨别是非曲直;七十岁时能随心所欲而不越出规矩.“ 【翻译要点评析】
1.”吾十有五而志于学“,”有“是连词,加在整数和零数之间.可不译出,”十有五“意即十五岁.”而“:此段中的六个”而“都是连词,表示时间at.”志“:立志.”于“:是介词,相当于”在……方面“.”志于学“set my mind on learning;made up my mind to study.2.”三十而立“,对于”立“,有两种理解,王福林认为孔子的本意是”立于礼“,即”一切按礼办事“故译成acted on the proprieties.而其他中外译者都理解为”在社会上立身出世站稳了脚跟“,故有译文stood firm;planted my feet firm upon the ground;have been well established等.在当代中国人心目中对”而立之年“的理解都与后者相同.3.”四十而不惑“,”不惑“:明白各种事理而不迷惑was no longer perplexed;have understood many things and have no longer been confused;had no doubts.王福林先生则从孔子的”仁礼观“出发,认为”不惑“就是”不惑于仁“,亦即能辨明仁与不仁could make clear distinction between benevolence(仁慈,善行)and non-benevolence(不仁).4.”五十而知天命“,王福林认为”天命“是客观必然性,是指道德修养中的一种很高的境界,把”知天命“译为I came to know the existence of the heavenly principles.赖波认为,”知天命“就是”知道上天赋予自己的使命I have known my heaven-sent duty.其他的译者则把“天命”译作the decree of Heaven;the will of Heaven等.5.“六十而而顺”,“而顺”:对别人的话能辨别是非曲直have been able to distinguish right and wrong on other people's words.王福林则译为the heavenly principles were not offensive to my ears.6.“七十而从心所欲”,“从”:跟从,依从.“所欲”:是“所字短语”,意即“想要的事物”.“从心所欲”意即“心里怎么想就怎么做could do whatever I wished;could follow what my heart desired.7.”不逾矩“,”逾“:逾越go beyond;overstep.”矩“:规矩norms;rules;what was right.王福林解释为”天命的范围“the heavenly principles.美国诗人庞德则把”矩“译成T-square(丁字尺),很形象,但不符合实际,因为孔子时代还没有发明丁字尺.【六种不同的译文】
1.理译:The Master said: ”At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning.At thirty, I stood firm.At forty, I had no doubts.At fifty, I know the decrees of Heaven.At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth.At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.“ 2.威译:The Master said, At fifteen I set my heart upon learning.At thirty, I had planted my feet firm upon the ground.At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities.At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of Heaven.At sixty, I heard them with docile ear.At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart;for what I desired no longer overstepped the boundaries of right.3.王译:Confucius said: ”At fifteen I set my mind on learning.At thirty I acted on the proprieties.At forty I could make a clear distinction between benevolence and non-benevolence.At fifty I came to know the existence of the heavenly principles.At sixty, the heavenly principles were not offensive to my ears.At seventy I could do whatever I wished to without going beyond the heavenly principles.“
4.赖译:Confucius said: ”Since the age of 15, I have devoted myself to learning;since 30, I have been well established;since 40, I have understood many things and have no longer been confused;since 50, I have known my heaven-sent duty;since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong on other people's words;and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.“ 5.潘译:The Master said, ”At fifteen I set my heart on learning.At thirty I could stand firm.At forty I had no doubts.At fifty I knew the Decree of Heaven.At sixty I was already obedient(to this decree).At seventy I could follow the desire of my mind without overstepping the boundaries(of what is right).“ 6.丁译:Confucius said, ”At fifteen I made up my mind to study;at thirty I was established;at forty I was no longer perplexed;at fifty I understood the will of Heaven;at sixty I listened to everything without feeling unhappy;at seventy I followed all my desires and none of them was against the norms.“ 【六种译本对关键词译法之比较】 译本 原文 理译 威译 王译 赖译 潘译 丁译 ”而立“ Stood firm Plant feet firm upon ground Acted on proprieties Have been well established Could stand firm Was established ”不惑“ Had no doubts
No longer suffered from perplexities Make a clear distinction between benevolence and non-benevolence Understand many things and have no longer been confused Had no doubts
Was no longer perplexed ”天命“ Decrees of Heaven What were the bidding of Heaven Existence of heavenly principles My heaven-sent duty The Decree of Heaven The will of Heaven ”耳顺“ My ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth Heard them with docile ear Heavenly principles were not offensive to my ears Be able to distinguish right and wrong Was already obedient(to this decree)Listened to everything without feeling unhappy ”不逾矩“ Without transgressing What was right
No longer overstepped Boundaries of right
Without going beyond the heavenly principles Without breaking the rules Without overstepping boundaries None of them was against the norms 【论语原文选段之五】
子曰:”其身正1,不令而行2;其身不正,虽令不从3.“ 【概述】
这是《论语》”子路篇第十三“中的第六篇.这一篇内容简明扼要,广为流传,深入人心.孔子主张用仁德对百姓进行教化.要教化百姓,君子必须以身作则.本篇中关于”其“的理解,大部分译者认为,这是指统治者,治国者,一般都译作a ruler, 有一些人则译作a man, 似乎与”令“字不相符合,因为一个普通人发的命令是无足轻重的.【翻译要点评析】
1.”其身正“,”其“:是代词,相当于”他的“,指”治国者“,”统治者“.大多译者都译为 a ruler,有的译为 a prince.丁往道译为a man, 这种译法似乎与”令“字不相符合,因为一个普通人是不可能发号施令的,即使发了号令,也是无足轻重的.译成a man 与孔子的原意不符.”身“:一种理解是”本人“himself, 另一种理解是”本身的行为“personal conduct ,这种译法也有一定的道理.”正“:正派,正直, 译成upright要比correct 更好些.”其身正“译作When the ruler himself is upright.2.”不令而行“,”不令“:不发命令without the issuing of orders或without giving orders.”行“:意指跟着统治者走,服从统治者的命令people will follow him;有人则理解为”政府照样有效地运作his government is effective.笔者认为,前者较符合原意.3.“虽令不从”,“从”:服从follow或obey.“令”:大部分译者用orders, 只有赖译用injunctions(禁令,指令),此词要比order 更加严厉一些.“虽令不从”一般译为Even though he gives orders, they will not be obeyed.【六种不同的译文】
1.理译:The Master said, “When a prince's personal conduct is correct, his government is effective without the issuing of orders.If his personal conduct is not correct, he may issue orders, but they will not be followed.” 2.威译:The Master said, If the ruler himself is upright all will go well even though he does not give orders.But if he himself is not upright, even though he gives orders, they will not be obeyed.3.王译:Confucius said, “When the ruler himself is upright, the people will follow him without his issuing orders.When the ruler is not upright, the people will not obey his orders even if he has issued them.” 4.赖译:Confucius said, “If the ruler acts properly, the common people will obey him without being ordered to;if the ruler does not act properly, the common people will not obey him even after repeated injunctions.”
5.潘译:The Master said, “When a ruler's personal conduct is correct, his government is effective without giving orders.If his personal conduct is not correct, even he may give orders, but they will not be followed.” 6.丁译:Confucius said, “A man who is upright is obeyed even if he gives no orders;a man who is not upright is not obeyed even if he gives orders.” 【六种译本对关键词译法之比较】 译本 原文 理 译 威 译 王 译 赖 译 潘 译 丁 译
“其身” A prince's personal conduct The ruler himself The ruler himself The ruler acts A ruler's personal conduct A man “正” correct upright upright properly correct upright “令” Issue orders Give orders Issue orders Be ordered to;repeated injunctions Give orders Give orders “行” His government is effective All will go well The people will follow him The common will obey him His government is effective Is obeyed “不从” They will not be followed They will not be obeyed The people will not obey his orders common people will not obey him They will not be followed Is not obeyed 【论语原文选段之六】
子曰:“三人行1,必有我师焉2.择其善者而从之3,其不善者而改之4.” 【概述】
这是《论语》“述而篇第七”中的第二十一篇.此篇表明,孔子谦虚好学,不放过任何机会向别人学习.本篇中的关键词是“师”,“择”,“善者”,“从之”,“改之”.在对原文的理解上,一般不会有大的出入.只是在对“善者”的诠释上稍有深浅之分,有人理解为“优点”merits;有人理解为“善的品德”,“长处”good qualities,本质上没有大的区别.本段今译:孔子说:“三个人同行,其中便一定有值得我学习的人.我选取他的优点而学习,用他的那些缺点而反躬自问,如果自己有同样的缺点就改正.” 【翻译要点评析】
1.“三人行”:三人同行;三人在一起走路walk along with two others;three are walking together.也有人理解为“几个人在一起走路”walking in the company of other men.2.“必有我师焉”,“师”:老师teacher.“焉”:是兼词,相当于“于之”,意即“在那里”,即“他们”.全句理解为“其中一定有我值得学习的人”.有人译为I am sure to find teachers among them;有人译为I can always be certain of learning from those I am with.3.“择其善者而从之”,“择”:选择;选取:找出来select;pick out;find out.“善者”:优点;长处;善的品德good qualities;merits.“而”:此篇中的两个“而”都是连词,所连接的后一部分(“从之”和“改之”),是前一部分(“择其善者”和“择其不善者”)的目的,相当于“以便”.“从”:学习;效仿follow;learn from;for imitation.“之”:此篇中的两个“之”都是代词,第一个“之”指“善者”,第二个“之”指“不善者”.全句译为I will find out their merits so as to follow them.或I will select their good qualities and follow them.4.“其不善者而改之”,“不善者”:缺点,有人译为bad qualities或faults,与good qualities相对应;有人译为demerits或shortcomings,与merits相对应.“改”:改正;避免.译法有correct, overcome和 avoid,笔者认为avoid较好.全句译作I'll select their demerits so as to avoid them.【六种不同的译文】
1.理译:The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” 2.威译:The Master said, Even when walking in a party of no more than three I can always be certain of learning from those I am with.There will be good qualities that I can select for imitation and bad ones that will teach me what requires correction in myself.3.王译:Confucius said, “When I walk together with two others, they can surely serve as my teachers.I'll find out their merits so as to follow them and their demerits so as to avoid them.” 4.赖译:Confucius said, “When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from.I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.” 5.潘译:The Master said, “When three are walking together, I am sure to find teachers among them.I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” 6.丁译:Confucius said, “Whenever I walk with two other men, I can always find teachers in them.I can lean from their good qualities, and correct those faults in me which are like theirs.” 【六种译本对关键词译法之比较】 译本 原文
理译
威译
王译
赖译
潘译
丁译 “三人行” Walk along with two others Walking in a party of no more than three Walk together with two others
Walking in the company of other men Three are walking together Walk with two other men “师” Teachers
Learning from those I am with teachers One I can learn something from teachers teachers “择” select select Find out Pick out S elect find “善者” Good qualities Good qualities Merits Merits
Good qualities Good qualities “从” Follow For imitation Follow Follow Follow Learn from “不善者” Bad qualities Bad qualities Demerits shortcomings Bad qualities faults “改” Avoid
Requires correction Avoid Overcome Avoid Correct
(从选段七开始选自丁往道编译的《孔子语录一百则》.中国对外翻译出版公司,1999)【原文选段之七】 己所不欲
子曰:“出门如见大宾,使民如承大祭.己所不欲,勿施于人.在邦无怨,在家无怨.” 【今译】
孔子说: “每次出门做事就好像要去接待贵宾,在使用民众的劳力时就好像是承担大的祭祀.自己不想要得事物,不要强加给别人.无论是在邦国中做事,或是在家中闲居,都没有什么怨恨.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“When you go out of your home, behave as is you were meeting important guests;when you are using the common people's labor, behave as if you were conducting a solemn sacrificial ceremony.Do not impose on others what you do not desire yourself.Bear no grudge against the state where you work;have no feeling of dissatisfaction when you stay at home.” 【原文选段之八】 富贵,贫贱
子曰: “富与贵是人之所欲也;不以其道得之,不处也.贫与贱是人之所恶也,不以其道,得之不去也.” 【今译】
孔子说: “富裕和显贵是人人向往的,但不用正当的方法得到,不能接受.贫穷与卑贱是人人厌恶的,但不用正当的方法,有了也不能摆脱.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “Wealth and high position are desired by all men, but if they are not gained in the right way, they should not be accepted.Poverty and low position are hated by all men, but if they cannot be rid if in the right way, they should not be given up.” 【原文选段之九】 刚,毅,木,讷 子曰:“刚,毅,木,讷近仁.” 【今译】
孔子说: “刚强,坚定,质朴,寡言这四种品格接近仁德.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “Being firm, resolute, simple and reticent is close to being humane.” 【原文选段之十】 唯仁者能好人 子曰:“唯仁者能好人,能恶人.” 【今译】
孔子说: “只有仁人才能真正地喜欢人,厌恶人.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “Only the humane can love others and hate others.” 【原文选段之十一】 杀身成仁
子曰:“志士仁人,无求生以害仁,有杀身以成仁.” 【今译】
孔子说: “有志之士和仁人不会因为贪生怕死而损害仁德,只会牺牲自己来实行仁德.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “A man with lofty ideals or humane man never gives up humanity to save his life, but may sacrifice his life to achieve humanity.” 【原文选段之十二】 仁者乐山
子曰:“知者乐水,仁者乐山;知者动,仁者静;知者乐,仁者寿.” 【今译】
孔子说: “聪明人喜欢水,仁者喜欢山;聪明人爱动,仁者爱静;聪明人快乐,仁者长寿.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “The wise enjoy water, the humane enjoy mountains.The wise are active, the humane are quiet.The wise are happy;the humane live long lives.” 【原文选段之十三】 礼之本
林放问礼之本.子曰:“大哉问!礼与其奢也宁俭;丧与其易也宁戚.” 【今译】
林放问礼的根本道理.孔子说:“你问了一个重大的问题!就礼仪而言,与其奢侈,不如节俭;就丧礼而言,与其大办,不如哀恸.” 【参考译文】
Lin Fang asked about the essence of the rites.Confucius said, “A very significant question!The rites should be performed in a frugal way rather than in an extravagant way.Funerals should be held with grief rather than with pomposity.” 【原文选段之十四】 以礼让为国 子曰:“能以礼让为国乎 何有 不能以礼让为国乎,如礼何 ” 【今译】
孔子说: “能够以礼让来治理国家吗 那有什么困难呢 如果不以礼让来治理国家,礼有什么用呢 ” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “What difficulties would there be if a state was governed with the rites and decorum What use would the rites have if a state was not governed with the rites and decorum ” 【原文选段之十五】 宽,敬,哀
子曰:“居上不宽,为礼不敬,临丧不哀,吾何以观之哉 ” 【今译】
孔子说: “居于上位而不宽宏大量,行礼时不恭敬认真,遇到丧事而不悲哀,这种人还有什么可以观察的呢 ” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “What is there for me to observe of a man if he is not broad-minded when he is in high position, not reverent when he is performing the rites, and not sad when he is in mourning ” 【原文选段之十六】 君子博学于文
子曰:“君子博学于文,约之于礼,亦可以弗畔矣夫.” 【今译】
孔子说: “君子广泛地学习经典,用礼来约束自己,就不会背离大道了.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “A gentleman who studies the classics extensively and restrains himself with the rites will not depart from the Way.” 【原文选段之十七】 入则孝,出则弟
子曰:“弟子入则孝,出则弟,谨而信,泛爱众,而亲仁.行有余力,则以学文.” 【今译】
孔子说: “年轻人在家应孝顺父母,出门应尊敬兄长,言行应谨慎,可以信赖,广泛地爱护大众,并亲近有仁德的人.这些做到之后还有余力,就应当去学习文献.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “Young people should be filial to their parents at home and respectful to their brothers when they are with them.They should be serious and trustworthy, love the populace extensively and be close to those who are humane.When all this is done and there is time for other things, they should use it for the study of the classics.” 【原文选段之十八】 父母在,不远游 子曰:“父母在,不远游,游必有方.” 【今译】
孔子说: “父母在世时,不到远处去.如必须出门,应该有一定的方向.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said, “While one's parents are alive, one should not travel to distant places.If it is necessary to travel, there should be a definite direction.” 【原文选段之十九】 四种忧虑
子曰:“德之不修,学之不讲.闻义不能徒,不善不能改,是吾忧也.” 【今译】
孔子说: “品德不修养,学问不讲习,知道义而不能跟从,知道有缺点而不能改正.这些都是我的忧虑.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“Neglect of moral cultivation, neglect of learning and practicing what has been learned, failure to follow what is right, and failure to correct what is wrong—these are my worries.” 【原文选段之二十】 有益,有损之乐
子曰:“益有三乐,损有三乐.乐节礼乐,乐道人之善,乐多贤友,益矣.乐骄乐,乐佚游,乐宴乐,损矣.” 【今译】
孔子说:“三种快乐有益,三种快乐有害.以得到礼乐的节制为快乐,以称道别人的长处为快乐,以交了不少贤明的朋友为快乐,是有益的.以骄纵为快乐,以游荡无度为快乐,以沉溺饮食为快乐,是有害的.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“Three kinds of pleasure are beneficial, and three kinds pleasure are harmful.The pleasure of being regulated by the rites and music, the pleasure of praising other men's goodness, and the pleasure of having many virtuous friends are beneficial.The pleasure of being conceited, the pleasure of unrestrained wanderings, and the pleasure of indulging in eating and drinking are harmful.” 【原文选段之二十一】 见贤思齐
子曰:“见贤思齐焉,见不贤而内自省也.” 【今译】
孔子说:“看见贤人,应该想向他看齐;看见不贤的人,应该自己反省.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“When one sees a virtuous man, one should think of exerting oneself to be like him;when one sees someone who is not virtuous, one should examine onself.” 【原文选段之二十二】 不患无位
子曰:“不患无位,患所以立.不患莫己知,求为可知也.” 【今译】
孔子说:“不要忧虑没有职位,应该忧虑有没有任职的德和才.不要怕没有人知道自己,而是要取得可以使别人知道自己的德和才.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“One should worry not about having no official position, but about having no proper qualifications.One should not seek to be known to others, but seek to acquire the qualities worthy of being known.” 【原文选段之二十三】 人无远虑,必有近忧 子曰:“人无远虑,必有近忧.” 【今译】
孔子说:“人没有长远的考虑,就一定会有眼前的忧虑.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“He who does not think of the future is certain to have immediate worries.” 【原文选段之二十四】 自责与责人 子曰:“躬自厚而薄责于人,责远怨矣.” 【今译】
孔子说:“多责备自己,少怪罪别人,就可以远离怨恨了.” 【参考译文】 Confucius said,“One can keep hatred and grievance away by putting more blame on oneself and less on others for any fault.” 【原文选段之二十五】 有过应改 子曰:“过而不改,是谓过矣.” 【今译】
孔子说:“有了过错而不改正,那就是真正的过错了.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“A fault that is not amended is a real fault.” 【原文选段之二十六】 松柏后凋 子曰:“岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也.” 【今译】
孔子说:“在寒冷的冬季人们才知道松树是最后落叶的.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“Only in cold winter does one know that the pine and the cypress are the last to shed their leaves.” 【原文选段之二十七】 君子重义 子曰:“君子喻于义,小人喻于利.” 【今译】
孔子说:“君子懂得义,小人只懂得利.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“The gentleman knows what is right;the mean person keeps his mind only on gains.” 【原文选段之二十八】 君子周而不比 子曰:“君子周而不比,小人比而不周.” 【今译】
孔子说:“君子与人团结而不与人勾结,小人比而不周.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“The gentleman unites and does not plot with others;the mean man plots and does not unite with others.” 【原文选段之二十九】 君子和而不同 子曰:“君子和而不同,小人同而不和.” 【今译】
孔子说:“君子求和谐而不求同一,小人同而不和.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“The gentleman aims at harmony, and not at uniformity.The mean man aims at uniformity, and not at harmony.” 【原文选段之三十】 君子坦荡荡 子曰:“君子坦荡荡,小人长戚戚.” 【今译】
孔子说:“君子心胸开阔,和悦坦然;小人总是局促不安,忧心忡忡.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“The gentleman is open and at ease;the mean man is full of worries and anxieties.” 【原文选段之三十一】 欲速则不达
子曰:“无欲速,无见小利.欲速则不达,见小利则大事不成.” 【今译】
孔子说:“不要求快,不要图小利.求快反而不能达到目的;图小利就办不成大事.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“Do not want to do things quickly, and do not seek petty gains.You cannot reach your goal if you want to be quick, and you cannot accomplish great things if you seek petty gains.” 【原文选段之三十二】 有教无类 子曰:“有教无类.” 【今译】
孔子说:“人人都该受教育,不应该有区别.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“There should be education for everyone without distinction.” 【原文选段之三十三】 性相近,习相远 子曰:“性相近也,习相远也.” 【今译】
孔子说:“人的天性是相近的,但学习和实践的不同使人有明显的差别.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“By nature men are similar to one another, but learning and practice make them different.” 【原文选段之三十四】 学与思
子曰:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆.” 【今译】
孔子说:“只学习,不思考,就会感到迷惘;只思考,不学习,就会有危险.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“He who learns without thinking will be bewildered;he who thinks without learning will be in danger.” 【原文选段之三十五】 温故知新 子曰:“温故而知新,可以为师矣.” 【今译】
孔子说:“能够在温习旧知识时得到新的认识和见解,就可以做老师了.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“He can be a teacher who finds what is new in reviewing what is old.” 【原文选段之三十六】 匹夫不可夺志 子曰:“三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志.” 【今译】
孔子说:“军队可以丧失主帅,一个人可丧失志气.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“Any army may be deprived of its commanding officer, yet a man cannot be deprived of his will.” 【原文选段之三十七】 知与不知
子曰:“由,诲女知之乎 知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也.” 【今译】
孔子说:“由,教给你什么是知吧.知道就是知道,不知道就是不知道.这就是知的意思.” 【参考译文】 Confucius said,“You, shall I teach you what it is to know You know something if you know it, and you do not know something if you do not.That is what to know means.” 【原文选段之三十八】 讷于言,敏于行 子曰:“君子讷于言而敏于行.” 【今译】
孔子说:“君子想说话迟钝些,而行动敏捷些.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“The gentleman wishes to be slow in speech but quick in action.” 【原文选段之三十九】 言与行 子曰:“君子耻其言而过其行.” 【今译】
孔子说:“君子认为说得多做的少是可耻的.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“The gentleman considers it a shame to talk more than he does.” 【原文选段之四十】 人与言
子曰:“君子不以言举人,不以人废言.” 【今译】
孔子说:“君子不因为一个人话说得好九就推荐他,也不因为一个人有缺点而不理会他说得话.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“The gentleman does not recommend a man because of what he says, nor does he ignore what a man says because of his personality.” 【原文选段之四十一】 学而不厌,诲人不倦
子曰:“默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我哉 ” 【今译】
孔子说:“默记在心里,学习从不厌烦,教导别人不感到疲倦,对我有什么难处呢 ” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“To commit knowledge to memory quietly, to study tirelessly, and to enlighten others indefatigably — these are not difficult for me.” 【原文选段之四十二】 见义不为,无勇也 子曰:“见义不为,无勇也.” 【今译】
孔子说:“见到合乎正义的事而不敢挺身去做,是怯懦的表现.” 【参考译文】
Confucius said,“It is cowardice not to dare to defend righteousness when it is endangered.”
第二篇：《论语》核心概念“仁”的英译分析
摘 要:“仁”是孔子思想的核心,《论语》赋予“仁”以丰富的内涵及显著的地位。作为一种最高的道德理想以及所有道德的总和,“仁”的理解和翻译多种多样。通过总结分析数种翻译方法的利弊得失,本文认为,为了忠实全面地传达孔子的哲学思想,“仁”最好是不译即用音译。关键词:孔子;论语;仁;翻译
引言在中国古代儒家伦理哲学思想形成的过程中,孔子是其创立和发展的代表人物和集大成者,他的哲学人伦体系的核心是“天人合一”。可以说孔子的思想集中体现为道德范畴的“仁学”的哲学,自此以后,中国的文化传统或伦理文化传统就以“仁学”为轴心而展开。张岱年(2004: 117)认为,仁是孔子思想的核心和精髓。“仁”的思想极其丰富,寓义极其广泛,“仁者人也”,仁的基本含义是“爱人”(杨树达, 2006:《论语疏证》颜渊篇:二十二),以下凡引《论语》,均出自此,并只注篇目及章节)、“泛爱众”(学而:六)。Huang(1997: 5)表明,孔子其人及其思想之所以有着长盛不衰的影响,首要原因是其“仁”道的道德哲学之理性精华。据杨伯峻(1980: 16)统计,《论语》讲“仁”有109次①。《论语》对“仁”有多种解阐,如“孝弟为仁之本”(学而:二),“克己复礼为仁”(颜渊:一),“刚、毅、木、讷近仁”(子路:二十七),“志士仁人,无求生以害仁,有杀生以成仁”(卫灵公:九),“能行五者(恭、宽、信、敏、慧)于天下为仁”(阳货:六),“居处恭,执事敬,与人忠”(子路:十九)为仁。杨伯峻(1980: 16)认为“忠恕”是“仁”的真谛:“夫子之道,忠恕而已矣。”(里仁:十五)孔子不仅提出了“仁”所包含的具体内容,而且指出了实现“仁”的方法。孔子说:“己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人,能近取譬,可谓仁之方也已。”(雍也:三十)后人称之忠,这是待人的积极方针。又说“己所不欲,勿施于人”(颜渊:二),并称之为“恕”,这是待人的基本原则。从词源学分析, 仁的左边一半的字指“人”, 右边一半的字指“二”,也就是至少两个人作为人类种族中的成员的互相关联和依赖。实现理想人格,即成为仁人君子,是孔子伦理观的重要内容。尽管“仁”字在《论语》中出现达100多次,但孔子很少深入讨论仁,也不轻易以“仁”许人。因为孔子对抽象概念不感兴趣,而主要关心的是其应用。孔子把“仁”当成道德完善的最高追求,但也知道很难达到这个标准,所以他只承认少数几个古人够得上“仁”,也不宣称自己称得上“仁”:“若圣与仁,则吾岂敢?”(述而:三十四)
2.“仁”的种种英译及其理据
《论语》的译本多种多样,对“仁”的理解和翻译也五花八门。以《里仁篇》第三段———子曰:“唯仁者能好人,能恶人”为例,在“仁”的翻译上,值得一提的有很多,笔者简单例举如下:(1)TheMaster said,“It is only the truly virtuousman,who can love, orwho can hate, others.”(Legge, 1861)
(2)He said: Only the comp lete man can love others, or hate them.(Pound, 1969)(3)Of the adage“Only a GoodMan knows how to like peop le, knows
how to dislike them, ”theMaster said,“He whose heart is in the smallest degree set upon Goodnesswill dislike no one.”(Waley, 1938)
(4)TheMaster said:“Only a good man can love peop le and can hate peop le.”(Leys, 1997)
(5)TheMaster said,“It is the benevolent man alone who is capable of liking or disliking othermen.”(Lau, 1992)
(6)TheMaster said:“Only one who is humane is able to like other peop le and able to dislike other peop le.”(Dawson, 1993)(7)TheMaster said:“Only a humane man is capable of lovingmen, and capable of loathing men.”(Huang, 1997)
(8)Confucius said,“Only a true man knows how to love peop le and how to hate peop le.”(Lin Yutang, 1938)
(9)TheMaster said, It is only the rvn who can like others;who can hate others.(Brooks, 1998)理雅各(Legge, 1861),考虑到了“仁”在不同语境下的多种含义,所以译成virtue, true virtue, perfect virtues, the good, benevolent actions,the excellence等。他(Legge, 1861: 29)在注释中说, virtue作为一个含义广泛的词汇,能够更好反映“仁”的多种内涵;但如果都用benevolence来译的话,文中很多章节会显得很不适合。庞德(Pound, 1969: 22)对“仁”的理解是: Humanitas, humanity, in the full sense of the word,“manhood”, the man and his full contents。他也把“仁”分别译成humanity, real people, the real man, manhood, the comp lete man等,应该是接受了《礼记·中庸》的说法———“仁者,人也”,强调人的本质和内涵。也就是说,仁就是要像人那样去生活,成为一个真正意义上的人。简而言之,仁就是人的理想人格化。阿瑟·韦利(Waley, 1938: 27131)通常把“仁”译成humanity,但有时也译成goodness。他认为,“仁”是人性的完美状态和辉煌顶峰。从最早《诗经》里勇猛刚强的男性英雄形象,发展到后来道德层面上为人处世的理想标准,孔子在“仁”的概念演变中起了重要作用,并将“仁”树立为中国人道主义的基石。他还指出,像humanity, goodness, benevolence或virtue之类的翻译毫无疑问是远远不够充分的;而最可怕的误解是把孔子描绘成一个好心的慈善家或善意的社会工作者,这种形象与历史上真实的孔子大相径庭。
刘殿爵(Lau, 1992: xiv)认为,“仁”是人所拥有的最重要的道德品质,也是孔子思想的核心概念。虽然这个术语不是孔子发明的,但正是孔子赋予它丰富的内涵和突出的地位。他把“仁”自此至终地翻译成benevolence。雷蒙德·道森(Dawson, 1993: xxi)觉得有必要把“仁”与“人类”联系起来翻译成humaneness,因为该字的构成(“人”加“二”)表示一个人应该如何正确对待别人,也就是说它包含了所有的社会道德。Chichung Huang(1997: 16)也从词源学角度分析了“仁”后,找出这个字两个明显的特征,一是与人类自身的密切联系,二是在广义范围上的泛爱,所以他认为用humanity(humaneness)来翻译“仁”是很贴切的。林语堂(Lin Yutang, 1938: 20)说,“仁”的实质是成为一个真正意义上的人并且拥有人性,任何一个普通人都能够做一个好人,都可以做一个孝敬的儿女或者顺从的弟妹乃至模范公民。因此认为,把中国的“仁”字译成英文的true manhood是十分准确而周到的;有时只要译成kindness就可以。安乐哲、罗思文(2003: 4815。②理念论是柏拉图哲学的核心。他认为在特殊的道德以外还有一种一般的道德,这种一般的东西本身是绝对的、不变的、永恒的,但当它们出现在时间和空间中时,就是具体的、变动的、有生有灭的。
柏拉图把这种一般的东西称作理念,认为只有理念才是真实的存在,因为它独立于事物和人们的认识之外,构成一个客观独立存在的理念世界,如善的本身、美的本身、正义的本身等。至于我们感官所接触的具体、变动的世界,是一个不真实的世界。各类事物都有自己的理念,因此理念不是唯一。最高级理念就是“善”,善不仅是一个道德范畴,也是认识论和本体论的范畴,善是认识和真理的源泉,善使我们洞察到理念,它还管辖着各种理念,使它们构成一个有秩序的真实世界。参考文献: [ 1 ] Brooks, E.B.& Brooks.A.T.(trans.)The O riginal Analects [M ].New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.[ 2 ] Huang, C.(trans.)The Analects of Confucius[M ].New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.[ 3 ] Dawson, R.(trans.)Confucius: The Analects [M ].New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.[ 4 ] Lau,D.C.(trans.)The Analects[M ].Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1992.[ 5 ] Legge, J.The Chinese Classics—W ith a Translation, Critical and Exegetical N otes, Prolegom ena, and Copious Indexes [ M ].Vol.1.Hongkong: At the Authorps, 1861;牛津大学克莱仁登出版社, 1893-1895.[ 6 ] Leys, S.(trans.)The Analects of Confucius [M ].New York:W.W.Norton & Company, 1997.[ 7 ] Lin, Yutang.The W isdom of Confucius [M ].New York: Random House, Inc., 1938.[ 8 ] Pound, E.Confucius: The Great D igest, the Unwobbling Pivot, the Analects[M ].New York:New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1969.[ 9 ] Schwartz,B.TheW orld of Thought in Ancient China [M ].Cambridge:Harvard University Press, 1985.[ 10 ] Waley, A.(trans.)The Analects of Confucius [M ].London: GeorgeAllen & Unwin Ltd, 1938.[ 11 ] 安乐哲罗思文.余瑾译.《论语》的哲学诠释:比较哲学的视域[M ].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2003.[ 12 ] 陈荣捷.中西方对“仁”的解释[ J ].中国哲学, 1975(2).[ 13 ] 程钢.理雅各和韦利《论语》译文体现的义理系统的比较分析 [ J ].孔子研究, 2002(2): 17-28.[ 14 ] 葛瑞汉张海晏译.论道者:中国古代哲学论辩[M ].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2003.[ 15 ] 郝大维安乐哲.蒋弋为李志林译.孔子哲学思微[M ].南京:江苏人民出版社, 1996.[ 16 ] 赫伯特·芬格莱特.彭国翔张华译.孔子:即凡而圣[M ].南京:江苏人民出版社, 2002.[ 17 ] 牛津简明英语词典(Concise Oxford English D ictionary)[ Z].Oxford: Oxford University, 2004.[ 18 ] 杨伯峻.论语译注[ C ].北京:中华书局, 1980.[ 19 ] 杨树达.论语疏证[M ].上海:上海古籍出版社, 2006.[ 20 ] 张岱年.文化与价值[M ].北京:新华出版社, 2004.
第三篇：英译唐诗[范文模版]
英译唐诗两首
《清明》
清明
杜牧
清明时节雨纷纷,路上行人欲断魂.借问酒家何处有,牧童遥指杏花村.英译:
Pure Brightness(qiing ming)Festival
It’s drizzling thickly and profuselyOn the Pure brightness Day.A wayfarer is overwhelmed with sorrowsOn his way.“Excuse me,can you tell me
Where to find a wineshop in the village? ” “Over there ,” the shepherd boy pointing toThe distant Apricot Blossoms villlage.《访隐者不遇》
贾岛
松下问童子，言师采药去。
云深不知处，只在此山中。
英译：
Clled on a Hermit in vain
Under the pine tree I asked the ladWhere his master has gone.“To pick the medicinal herbs
He said he had gone.”
“He’s simply in this very moutain out.In the depths of clouds
His whereabouts are not known.”
第四篇：歌词英译
暖昧
A Noncommittal Attitude
暧昧让人受尽委屈
Nothing hurts more than a noncommittal attitude.J 找不到相爱的证据
'cause I can't find any traces of love.何时该前进
Don't know when to go further，何时该放弃 and when to let go.连拥抱都没有勇气
I can't even bring myself to open my arms.只能陪你到这里 I have to stop here.毕竟有些事不可以 After all nothing can go
超过了友情 Beyond a friendship
还不到爱情
yet short of a true love.远方就要下雨的风景
Rain clouds loom ahead in the distance
到底该不该哭泣
I wonder if I am going to cry.想太多是我还是你
Who is too sentimental, you or me?
我很不服气 I am not convinced，也开始怀疑 and start to doubt
眼前的人
whether the man before my eyes
是不是同一个真实的你 is the true self you used to be? 一千年以后 In a thousand years
心跳乱了节奏
My heart has lost its rhythm, 梦也不自由
and my dreams no longer carefree 爱时的绝对承诺不说
The promise withheld when still in love 沉到一千年以后
has sunk into a thousand years later.放任无奈淹没尘埃
Dust gives way to floods of regrets 我在废墟之中守着你走来 when I keep watch for you in ruins.我的泪光承载不了
My glistening tears can’t bear the weight 所有一切你要的爱 of all the love you thirst for.因为在一千年以后 In a thousand years 世界早已没有我
the world will have lost me, 无法深情挽着你的手
no way to hold your hand in fondness, 浅吻着你额头
and dip a light kiss on your forehead.别等到一千年以后
Don't wait till a thousand years later 所有人都遗忘了我
when I shall pass into oblivion.那时红色黄昏的沙漠 Then over a red desert at dusk 能有谁
is there anybody 解开刹那千年的寂寞
who would ever undo a loneliness 刹那千年的寂寞
over a time spanning a thousand years?
丁香花 The lilacs
你说你最爱丁香花
You said you love the lilacs best
因为你的名字就是她 for you are named after her.多么忧郁的花
What a melancholy flower
多愁善感的人啊 As sentimental as you.当花儿枯萎的时候 When she withered away，当画面定格的时候 freezing at her prime，多么娇嫩的花 delicate as she is，却躲不过风吹雨打
she is doomed to suffer the rain and wind.飘啊摇啊的一生
No matter how many twists and turns there are in life
多少美丽编织的梦啊
and how many dreams weaved in wonder，就这样匆匆你走了 you hurried away to death，留给我一生牵挂
yet living always on my mind.那坟前 开满鲜花
The grave has burst into full bloom，是你多么渴望的美啊
a beauty that you ever yearned for.你看啊 漫山遍野
See, flowers are everywhere.你还觉得孤单吗 are you still all alone?
你听啊 有人在唱 Listen, who is singing
那首你最爱的歌谣啊 your favorite ballad?
尘世间 多少繁芜
all the ups and downs of the world
从此不必再牵挂 are gone and no more.不得不爱
Can't Help But Love You
天天都需要你爱
Every day I long for your love.我的心思由你猜 Can't you read my mind?
i love you
我就是要你让我每天都精彩
Don't you know I want you to bring color into my life?
天天把它挂嘴边
We speak of love all too often
到底什么是真爱
before we know what a true love means.i love you
到底有几分说得比想像更快
Would words always run faster than imagination?
是我们感情丰富太慷慨
Are we too rich in love, or too generous?
还是要上天安排
Are we destined to be together?
是我们本来就是那一半 Are we made for one another?
还是舍不得太乖
Or are we too good for each other?
是那一次约定了没有来
The other day you stood me up and never showed，让我哭得像小孩
I cried my heart out like a little kid.是我们急着证明我存在
Are we so eager to prove our presence
还是不爱会发呆
that we are afraid of the absence of minds when out of love?
Baby
不得不爱,不知快乐从何而来
I couldn't help but love you,Don't know where happiness will come.不得不爱,不想悲伤从何而来
I couldn't help but love you No matter where sadness falls down.不得不爱,否则我就失去未来
I couldn't help but love you Or there is no future to count on.白桦林
The birch wood
静静的村庄飘着白的雪
Snow flows over a quiet village;
阴霾的天空下鸽子飞翔 Doves fly across a gloomy sky.白桦树刻着那两个名字
Two names are carved deep on a birch;
他们发誓相爱用尽这一生
They promised to stay in love all their life.有一天战火烧到了家乡
One day war broke out in their homeland.小伙子拿起枪奔赴边疆
The lad picked up a gun to go to the front.心上人你不要为我担心 “Don’t worry for me, sweetheart.等着我回来在那片白桦林
Wait for me in the birch wood.”he said.天空依然阴霾依然有鸽子在飞翔
Doves are still flying across the same gloomy sky.谁来证明那些没有墓碑的爱情和生命 Who would prove those graveless love and lives?
雪依然在下那村庄依然安详
Snow kept falling over the village, quiet as ever.年轻的人们消逝在白桦林
And the young hid themselves behind the birch wood.噩耗声传来在那个午后
The bad news came at the other afternoon.心上人战死在远方沙场
Her love laid down his life on the battlefield.她默默来到那片白桦林
Quietly she came to the birch wood，望眼欲穿地每天守在那里 waiting there each day on tiptoe.她说他只是迷失在远方
She said he’d just lost his way in the land far away.他一定会来来这片白桦林
Surely he would come to the birch wood someday.天空依然阴霾依然有鸽子在飞翔
Doves are still flying across the same gloomy sky
谁来证明那些没有墓碑的爱情和生命 Who would prove those graveless love and lives?
雪依然在下那村庄依然安详
Snow kept falling over the village, quiet as ever.年轻的人们消逝在白桦林
And the young hid themselves behind the birch wood.长长的路呀就要到尽头
The long road is coming to its close.那姑娘已经是白发苍苍
Snow-white hair flew over the once young face.她时常听他在枕边呼唤
She often heard his whisper over her pillow，“来吧 亲爱的 来这片白桦林”
“Come, sweetheart, come to the birch wood”
在死的时候她喃喃地说 Over her deathbed she murmured，“我来了 等着我在那片白桦林”
“I am coming, wait for me in the birch wood.”
乘客
A Ride in Your Car
高架桥过去了
The overpass has been passed;路口还有好多个
Many crossings are yet to come 这旅途不曲折
Not much twists and turns along the way 一转眼就到了
In a blink of an eye it's over.坐你开的车
A ride along in your car 听你听的歌 to listen to your songs 我们好快乐 What a great time!第一盏路灯开了 As the first street lamp turns on.你在想什么 What's on your mind 歌声好快乐
amidst the joyful music?
坐你开的车
A ride along in your car 听你听的歌
listening to your songs 我不是不快乐 I am not unhappy.白云苍白色
But pale is the white cloud.蓝天灰蓝色 Gray is the blue sky.我家快到了
And my home is around the corner.我是这部车 I am the first 第一个乘客 Passenger in your car.我不是不快乐 I am not unhappy.天空血红色
but ruddy is the sky at dusk;星星灰银色
and silvery gray are all the stars.你的爱人呢
Where is your beloved one?
不想长大
Don't Wanna Grow Up
为什么就是找不到无邪的玫瑰花
Why is an innocent rose nowhere to be found?
为什么遇见的王子都不够王子啊
Why is every prince I met not princely enough?
我并不期盼他会有玻璃鞋和白马
He doesn't have to bring crystal shoes and ride a Horse White.我惊讶的是情话竟然会变成谎话 But it puzzles me when love turns into lies.为什么幸福的青鸟要飞的那黱高 Why is the Bluebird soaring up high?
为什么苹果和拥抱都可能是毒药 Why is an apple or a hug possibly a poison?
我从没想过有了他还孤单的可怕
I am scared that I still feel lonely in his company.我突然想起从前陪我那个洋娃娃
Suddenly I miss the warmth of my childhood doll.我不想我不想不想长大 I don't wanna grow up
长大后世界就没有花
when the world runs out of roses.我不想我不想不想长大 I don't wanna grow up
我宁愿永远都笨又傻
and rather ever stay dull and silly
我不想我不想不想长大 I don't wanna grow up
长大后我就会失去他
when he fades away from my life.我深爱的他深爱我的他
My beloved who was in love with me
已经变的不像他 is not what he used to be.让我们回去从前好不好
Shall we go back to the good old days
天真愚蠢快乐美好
A time of innocence, silliness, and happiness? 分享： 分享到新浪Qing
宁夏
A Quiet Summer
宁静的夏天
In a quiet summer
天空中繁星点点
when the sky is dotted with stars，心里头有些思念 longings come to my mind，思念着你的脸 I miss your face，我可以假装看不见
pretending not to watch anything
也可以偷偷的想念 and missing you in secret
直到让我摸到你那温暖的脸 till I can touch your warm face.知了也睡了
The cicada has gone to sleep，安心的睡了 resting in peace.在我心里面宁静的夏天 it’s a quiet night in my heart，那是个宁静的夏天 a serene night，你来到宁夏的那一天 when you came to Ningxia.宁夏
A Quiet Summer
宁静的夏天
In a quiet summer
天空中繁星点点
when the sky is dotted with stars，心里头有些思念 longings come to my mind，思念着你的脸 I miss your face，我可以假装看不见
pretending not to watch anything
也可以偷偷的想念 and missing you in secret
直到让我摸到你那温暖的脸 till I can touch your warm face.知了也睡了
The cicada has gone to sleep，安心的睡了 resting in peace.在我心里面宁静的夏天 it’s a quiet night in my heart，那是个宁静的夏天 a serene night，你来到宁夏的那一天 when you came to Ningxia.宁夏
A Quiet Summer
宁静的夏天
In a quiet summer
天空中繁星点点
when the sky is dotted with stars，心里头有些思念 longings come to my mind，思念着你的脸 I miss your face，我可以假装看不见
pretending not to watch anything
也可以偷偷的想念 and missing you in secret
直到让我摸到你那温暖的脸 till I can touch your warm face.知了也睡了
The cicada has gone to sleep，安心的睡了 resting in peace.在我心里面宁静的夏天 it’s a quiet night in my heart，那是个宁静的夏天 a serene night，你来到宁夏的那一天
when you came to Ningxia.希望
Someday I will Spread the Wings of Hope
看天空飘的云还有梦
I see clouds floating in the sky with dreams:
看生命回家路路长漫漫
I know life goes home on a journey long and winding.看阴天的岁月越走越远
I watch gloomy days fade further and further away.远方的回忆的你的微笑
In a distant memory comes your smile.天黑路茫茫心中的彷徨
I feel lost after dark when the road stretches long
没犹豫的方向
for there is no way to turn around.希望的翅膀一天终张开
Someday I will spread the wings of hope，飞翔天上 soaring up high.看天空飞的鸟还有梦
I see birds flying in the sky with dreams.看清风像带路吹散淡雾
I know breezes scatter the mist to lead my way.看冬天悲的雪越来越远
I watch the sad snow of winter blows further and further off.昨天的曾经的我的微笑 It's my smile of yesterday，分开的感伤想飞的彷徨
sad over a breakup and hesitant to take off.有一天跑出想像
Someday I will go beyond imagination，心中一个梦想雨后彩虹 drawing a dream and a rainbow
画在天空 on the sky.童话
The Fairy Tale
忘了有多久
I can’t remember for how long
再没听到你 I haven’t listened to
对我说你最爱的故事 your favorite fairy tale.我想了很久
I have been thinking over and over
我开始慌了
before I started to panic.是不是我又做错了甚麽
I wonder if I have hurt you once more.你哭著对我说 In tears you told me
童话里都是骗人的 each fairy tale is a lie，我不可能是你的王子
and I won’t ever stay your prince.也许你不会懂
Perhaps you would never know
从你说爱我以後 since you said you love me
我的天空星星都亮了 stars in my sky all bright up.我愿变成童话里
I want to live in the fairy tale，你爱的那个天使
changing into the angel you loved，张开双手 spreading my arms
变成翅膀守护你
into wings to watch for you.你要相信 You got to believe
相信我们会像童话故事里 Our love will turn out a fairy tale
幸福和快乐是结局
where all ends well in happiness.佳人曲
North of China Lives A Lady Fair
北方有佳人
North of China lives a Lady Fair，绝世而独立
standing alone, out of nowhere.一顾倾人城
With one glance she upsets a town;
再顾倾人国
Another glance, and a whole state tumbles down.宁不知倾城与倾国
Who cares what towns and states are built for
佳人难再得
When my fair lady is gone and no more？ 第一次爱的人 First Love
灰色的天 你的脸
The sky is as gray as your face.爱过也哭过笑过痛过之后 只剩再见
Only a goodbye is what’s left of love, tears, and pain.我的眼泪 湿了脸
And my face, wet with tears，失去第一次爱的人竟然是 这种感觉 is it how it feels when my first love is gone?
总以为 爱是全部的心跳
I thought love is all that a heart beats for.失去爱我们就要~ When it's gone, life will
就要 一点点慢慢的死掉 bit by bit drain away.当我 失去你那一秒 心突然就变老
No sooner did I lose you than my heart grew old.喧闹的街 没发现我的泪 被遗忘在街角
A hustling street, heartless of my tears,scattered over the corner, forgotten.我看着你 走过街
I watch you crossing the street
还穿着去年夏天我送你的那双球鞋
on the same sneakers I bought you last summer.银色手炼 还耀眼
And the silvery bracelet, shining as ever.你的世界似乎一点也没有因此改变 There seems little change in your life.有一天 也许我能把自己治好
There will be a day when I could heal myself.再一次想起来 应该要怎么笑
How am I going to smile when it comes to mind again?
第一次爱的人它的坏他的好 My first love, its joy and its pain，却像胸口刺青 是永远的记号
leaves an eternal mark as a tattoo on my chest，跟着我的呼吸 直到停止心跳
heaving with each breath till my heart stops.想唱就唱
Sing out Loud When Feel Like Singing
推开夜的窗
Push open the window at night
对流星说愿望
to say my wishes to the shooting star.给我一双翅膀 I want a pair of wings
能够接近太阳 to stay closer to the sun.我学着一个人成长
I am learning to grow up on my own，爱给我能量 love being my energy，梦想是神奇的营养
and dreams magic nourishment
催促我开放
to speed me up into full bloom.想唱就唱 要唱的响亮
Sing out loud when feel like singing.就算没人有为我鼓掌
Even if no applause shall greet me，至少我还能够勇敢的自我欣赏 I can still enjoy my courage.想唱就唱 要唱的漂亮
Sing a nice song when feel like singing，就算这舞台多空旷
No matter how empty the stage looks，总有一天能看到挥舞的荧光棒
it will someday brim with waving glow sticks.Kiss Goodbye
Baby不要再哭泣
Baby, no more crying
这一幕多么熟悉 over this familiar sight
紧握着你的手彼此都舍不得分离
With your hand in mine,how can we bring ourselves to part?
每一次想开口但不如保持安静
Each time about to open my mouth, I give way to silence.给我一分钟专心
Allow me to concentrate for a minute
好好欣赏你的美
to treat myself to your beauty.幸福搭配悲伤
Happiness has to go with sadness;
痛是在我心交叉
Pain crisscrosses over my heart.挫折的眼泪不能测试爱的重量 Tears of frustration can’t weigh up a love.付出的爱收不回
When a love is gone it never turns around.还欠你的我不能给
What I owed I am unable to pay back.别把我心也带走去跟随 But just don’t take my heart away.每一次和你分开
Each time I parted with you
深深的被你打败 I suffered a heavy defeat.每一次放弃你的温柔 Each time I let go of you
痛苦难以释怀
The pain never comes to pass.每一次kiss you Goodbye Each time I kissed you goodbye，爱情的滋味此刻我终于最明白 I came to realize the taste of love.
第五篇：经典古诗英译
登鹳雀楼 王之涣 白日依山尽，黄河入海流。欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
ON THE STOCK TOWER Translated by Xu Yuanchong The sun beyond the mountain glows;The Yellow River seawards flows.You can enjoy a great sight By climbing to a greater height.春晓 孟浩然 春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。夜来风雨声，花落知多少。SPRING MORNING Translated by Xu Yuanchong This spring morning in bed I’m lying， Not to awake till birds are crying.After one night of wind and showers, How many are the fallen flowers?
d静夜思 李白 床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。A TRANQUIL NIGHT Translated by Xu Yuanchong Before my bed a pool of night—
Can it be hoarfrost [,hɔː'frɒst]白露 on the ground?
Looking up, I find the moon bright;Bowing, In homesickness 乡愁I’m drowne.秋思 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。
AUTUMN THOUGHTS Translated by Xu Yuanchong
Over old trees Wreathed 变形的with rotten 腐烂的vines fly evening crows;Under a small bridge near a cottage a stream flows;On ancient road in the west wind a lean horse goes.Westward declines 下降the sun;Far, far from home is the heartbroken心碎的 one.复得古原草
送别 白居易 离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。远方侵古道，晴翠接荒城。
又送王孙去，萋萋满别情。
GRASS ON THE ANCIENT PLAIN –FAREWELL TO A FRIEND
Translated by Xu Yuanchong Wild grasses spread o’er ancient plain;With spring and fall they come and go.Wild fire can’t burn them up;again They rise when vernal和煦的 breezes blow.Their fragrance芬芳
ruined town.To see my friend go far away，My sorrow grows like grass over grown.绝句 李清照 生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。至今思项羽，不肯过江东。A QUATRAIN
Translated by Xu Yuanchong Be man of men while you are alive;Be soul of souls even though you’re dead!Think of Xiang Yu who’d not survive His men, whose blood for him was shed/spill流淌.秋思 马致远
石灰吟 于谦
千槌万凿出深山，烈火焚烧若等闲。粉身碎骨浑不怕，要留清白在人间。SONG TO THE LIME Translated by Xu Yuanchong You come out of deep mountains after hammer blows;Under fire and water tortures you are not in woes/sadness.Though broken into pieces, you will have no fright;You’ll purify ['pjʊərɪfaɪ 净化the world by washing it even white.泊船瓜洲 王安石
京口瓜洲一水间，钟山只隔数重山。
春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。
MOORED AT MELON ISLET Translated by Xu Yuanchong
A river severs Northern shore and Southern land;Between my home and me but a few mountains stand.The vernal wind has greened the Southern shore again.When will the moon shine bright on my return? O when?
竹石 郑燮
咬定青山不放松，立根原在破岩中。千磨万击还坚韧，任尔东西南北风。BAMBOO IN THE ROCK Translated by Xu Yuanchong Upright stands the bamboo amid green mountains steep;Its toothlike root in broken rock is planted deep.It’s strong and firm though struck and beaten without rest, Careless of the wind from north or south, east or west.别董大 高适
千里黄云白日曛，北风吹雁雪纷纷。莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君。FAREWELL TO A LUTIST
Translated by Xu Yuanchong Yellow clouds spread for miles and miles have veiled the day, The north wind blows down snow and wild geese fly away.Fear not you’ve no admirers [əd'maɪərə as you go along!There is no connoisseur [,kɒnə'sɜː] on earth but loves your song.
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