第一篇：八年级英语下 unit6 单元知识总结新目标
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
一.【单元目标】
Ⅰ．单词与短语
collect marathon skate
pair
since raise
several
stamp
kite
monster
globe
anyone
store cake particularly
collector common extra topic
capital thousand quite certain miss
in fact
其实；实际上
run out of
用完；用尽
by the way
顺便；附带说说
be interested in
对……感兴趣
more than
比……多
make a list of
列清单
thanks for doing sth.感谢某人做了某事
think of / about sth.想起某事
Ⅱ．目标句型：
1.How long have you been doing…?
2.I’ve been doing…since…
3.How long did sb.do…?
4.He / She did sth.for…
5.What do you collect?
6.When did you start?
7.How many do you have?
8.What do you like to collect in the future?
9.What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?
Ⅲ．语法
现在完成进行时
二.【重难点分析】
1.现在完成进行时
构成：肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing
否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?
现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。
(1)I have been learning English for ten years.我学英语已经十年了。
(2)She has been skating for four hours.到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。
(3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old.我从十岁起就一直在集邮。
在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成haven’t和hasn’t，如：
(1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？
(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？
(3)I haven’t been seeing films for a long time.我有很长时间没有看电影了。
（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）
2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：
(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。
I have read a book about birds.（已经读完）
I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）
(2)两种时态都有延续性，但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。
She has been singing all the day.她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）
三.【重点词汇】
1.since的用法：
(1)conj．
①(引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从……以来；……以后
It was years since l had seen her．自从我见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。
his just a week since we arrived here．我们到这儿刚好有一周了。
②(引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首)既然；因为
Since he says so，it must be true． 既然他这么说，那一定是真的。
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(2)prep．
自……以来
I have lived here since childhood．自小我就住在这儿。
He hasn't been home sincel993．1993年以来他还没有回过家。
(3)adv． ①(与完成时态连用)从那以后；后来 ②以前
He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since． 他1985年离开这座城市，自那以后只回来过一次。
(4)构成短语：ever since
从那以后(一直)
long since
很久以前；早已 2.since，from和for
(1)from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如：
The movie is on from 8:00 p.m.to 10:00 p.m.这个电影在晚上8点到10点上映。
They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end．他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。
(2)since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。
Many things have happened since they came here．自他们来这儿以后，发生了许多事情。
The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester．…从上个学期以来约翰取得了很大的进步。
(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。The meeting lasted for hours.会议持续了几个小时。I've known her for five years.我认识她已经五年了。I studied the piano for three years.我学过三年钢琴。How long are you here for? 你在这里要待到什么时候? 3.favorite 作名词，指“最爱的物品”，favorite也可作形容词，作形容词比较级和最高级形式。
My favorite food is dumpling．我最喜欢的食物是饺子。4.stop表示“停止，结束，阻止”
The light turned red．I have to stop． 红灯亮了，我不得不停下来。
(1)stop作名词，意为“车站，站点”。I get off at the next bus stop．我在下一站下车。
(2)stop作动词，意为“停止”，常用于stop doing sth.结构中，表示“停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事。The students stop talking．学生停止了讲话。(动名词talking作宾语)(3)stop to do sth.则表示“停下来去做某事”，指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。The students stop to talk．学生们停下来(开始)讲话。(不定式to talk作目的状语)We should stop to have a rest．我们应该停下来休息一会儿。
(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth.表示“叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事”。What can stop me(my)going?
有什么能阻止我去呢? Nothing shall stop us from studying．什么都不能阻止我们学习。5.have to do sth.表示“不得不做某事”，指客观条件的“不得不” I have to finish the work by myself． 我不得不自己完成这项工作。6.run out of… 意为“从……地方跑出来；用光……”
Class is over．The students run out of the classroom． 下课了，学生们从教室里冲了出来。四.【课文解析】
1.How long have you been in class today? 你今天上了多长时间的课？(或你在课堂多长时间？)(1)how long “多长”或“多长时间”。对长度或时间段提问。--How long have you learned English? 你学英语多长时间了?--For two years.两年了。
(2)in class
在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为out of class “在课外”。We should read more books out of class.我们在课外应该多读些书。I have been in class for one hour.我上了一个小时的课。(3)现在完成时
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
I have seen the film many times．这部电影我已看过多次。(已经非常了解这部电影)②表示过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。
I have lived here since 2001．自从2001年以来，我一直住在这儿。(“住”这动作延续到现在)
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③构成：“have／has+过去分词”构成。
--Where is Jim and Mike? 吉姆和迈克在哪儿?--They have gone to the Great Wall． 他们去游长城了。
2.Alison was the first one to start．艾丽森是第一个开始(滑)的。
(1)“be the first / second…+n.+ to do…”表示“……是第一/ 二个做某事的”。He is the last one to leave here.他是最后—个离开这里的。She was the first one to get to the school．她是第一个到校的。(2)to start在这里是动词不定式作定语。
3.I'd like to collect stamps because they are interesting．我喜欢集邮，因为它们特别有趣。(1)would like to do表示“想要做某事”。
Would you like to come to join my birthday party? 你愿意来参加我的生日晚会吗?(2)collect意为“收集，搜集”，常用作及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。
I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much．我非常喜欢收集各种中国邮票。
4．Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster． 非常感谢您送我怪兽雪花球形玻璃器。(1)thanks for…相当于thank you for…意为“为……感谢你”，后多跟名词短语或动名词。Thanks for your last letter.谢谢你的上封来信。
(2)send sb.Sth.相当于send sth.to sb.表示“送给某人某物” He sent me a present for my birthday.He sent a present to me for my birthday．我过生日他送了我一件礼物。
5.By the way，what's your hobby?
顺便提一下，你的个人爱好是什么?(1)这是一个特殊疑问句的简单句，by the way在句中作插入语。介词短语by the way意思是“且说，顺便提一下，还有”，常用来介绍一般性的话题，或在脑子里突然想起的事情。
We shall expect you，by the way，dinner will be at eight．我们正在等着你，还有晚饭是八点开。I was reading when the earthquake occurred，by the way，it was “The Last Day of Pompeii”． 地震发生时我在看书，顺便提一下，我看的是“庞培城的末日”。
By the way，have you seen her lately? 顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗?(2)名词hobby表示“爱好”是可数名词。Your hobby is reading． 你的爱好是看书。
One of my hobbies is astronomy． 我的爱好之一是天文学。
Plenty of men are excellent cooks as a hobby． 很多男人菜做得好，只是作为一种爱好。
6．It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries． 它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面的差异。
(1)make
使役动词“使；让”，后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带to，类似的还有let和have。He made the students laugh．他把同学们逗笑了。
The children must be made to clean their own room． 必须叫孩子们打扫自己的房间。Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper.李大婶要留我们吃晚饭。(2)think about
考虑；回想，想起；认为 think about a plan 考虑一项计划
I always think about her when it snows．每当下雪的时候，我总是想起她。What do you think about the film last night? 你认为昨晚的电影怎么样? He was thinking about the time he spent in the army．他正在回想他在部队度过的日子。We need to think about the plan．我们需要考虑一下这个计划。(3)介词between表示在二者之间
There is a fence between his garden and our garden． 在他的花园和我们的花园之间有一道栅栏。You're to sit between Moira and me． 你坐在莫伊娜和我之间。五.【词语辨析】 1.every和each
(1)each一定数目中的“每一个”；“个别”意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。
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Each one has his weakness． 每人都有每人的弱点。
(2)every数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”；“总合”意义较重，表示“大家一致”。Every one of us is here．
我们都到了。
(3)each可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而every只能作定语。2.interest，interesting与interested
(1)interest作名词，意为“兴趣，趣味”，用作动词时指“使(人)产生兴趣”。
He shows an interest in music．他对音乐感兴趣。
What you said interests me．你的话引起了我的兴趣。(2)interesting作形容词，指“有趣的，引起兴趣的”，可作表语或定语，指物或人本身能引起兴趣。The film is very interesting．
电影非常有趣。He is an interesting man．
他是一个有趣的人。
(3)interested是由动词interest加-ed构成的形容词。意为“感兴趣的”，其主语一般是人，常用于be／get／become interested in结构中，表示“对……感兴趣”。
When he was only a child，he got interested in science．当他还是个孩子时，就对科学产生了兴趣。3.how long，how often 与 how soon
(1)how long 的意思是“有多长”，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是more than two weeks 等表示一段时间的话。--How long are you going to stay here?--How long did he live in China? 你打算在这里待多久? 他在中国住了多长时间?--Five days． 5天。--More than two years． 两年多。
(2)how often的意思是“多长时间一次”，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是never，sometimes，quite often，usually，three times a year等表示频度的副词或短语。--How often do you go to the library?
你多长时间去一次图书馆?--Once a day．
一天一次。
(3)how soon用来询问“需要多长时间能，过多久”，谓语动词多用终止性动词，即某一动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生，常与将来时连用，答语常用in a week／month／year等。--How soon can you finish the work?--How soon will he get here?他到这儿需要多久? 你完成那项工作还要多久?--In half an hour．半小时。--May be in three days．大概3天后。4.have与must
have to与must都有“必须”的意思，但有其不同之处：
(1)have to有时态和人称变化，带有客观因素，意思是“不得不”；must无时态和人称变化，后面接不带to的不定式，带有主观因素，意思是“必须，一定”。
I have to go now．It's dark．
我必须得走了。天已黑了。I must go．
我得走了。
(2)must not表示“不许，一定不能”；don't have to表示“不必”。You mustn't go now．
你现在不许走。
You don't have to go so early．
你不必走那么早。
(3)Must I…?的否定回答是No，you needn't．或No，you don't have to．--Must I stay here now?
我必须留在这吗?--NO，you needn't．／you don't have to．
不，你不必。5.fairly与rather
fairly与rather同义但用法不同：
fairly一般指(褒义的)理想的情形，rather一般指(贬义的)不太理想的情形。例如：
The weather is fairly fine today．今天的天气相当好。
The weather was rather bad yesterday．昨天的天气相当不好。
It is a fairly easy question．
这是一个相当容易的问题。(容易而适当)
It is a rather easy question．
这是一个相当容易的问题。(大容易了而不适当)
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Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
补充材料
1.Each 的具体用法：
1.adj.各个的；各自的；每一个的。置于单数可数名词前。Each car has a steering wheel.每辆车都有方向盘。My uncle gave a present to each one of us.2.pron.各个；各自。谓语动词用单数形式。Each has his own task.每个人都有自己的工作
Each of the students broughta a dictionary.学生各自带词典来。3.room 做空间讲时，是不可数名词。
Is there any room for me in the car? 车上还有座位让我坐吗？
There was no room to turn around in the narrow road.那条狭窄的道路没有转弯的空间。4． Teach 的用法：
1.teach sb.sth.= teach sth.to sb.She taught me music last year.= She taught music to me last year.2.teach + doing sth 教做…
She taught singing.他教唱歌。4.teach sb to do sth.教某人做某事
My father taught us to swim.5.teach sb.+ that 从句
“教育人…”.History teaches us that war is wrong.历史告诉我们战争是错误的。
He taught me how to operate a computer.他教我如何操作电脑。
5． Start 的用法：
Start doing sth 开始做…
强调动作持续下去
Start to do sth 开始去做某事 强调动作的开始
Start off “出发；动手；启程”
We started off from the front gate.我们从前门出发。Start with … “以…开始”
We started the meal with soup.我们的头一道菜是汤。6．whether和if的区别
I don’t know whether / if she will be able to come.我不知道她是否能来。
whether可以与or not连用，or not可以紧跟在whether之后，也可以置于从句末尾；if一般不能和or not连用。
Whether it rains or not, the are determined to go.无论晴雨，他们都决定去。He asked whether they should go or stay.他问他们是应该去还是留下来。7．The + 比较级，the + 比较级。
越… 越… The more, the better.多多益善
The more you have, the more you want.拥有越多，欲望越大。
More and more 越来越…
English is more and more interesting to me.More or less 或多或少；多少有点；差不多
She is more or less beautiful.她颇有姿色。No more = not … any more 不再；也不； 也没有
once more 再一次；再次。More than 大于
more… than…
比… 更…
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第二篇：新版新目标英语八年级下册unit6知识点总结
Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.Section A 1.begin → began → begun v 开始 → beginning n 开始
at the beginning of 在……开始
begin to do sth/ doing sth 开始做某事
2.tell sb.that 告诉某人
(1)说某种语言用speak speak English 说英语
speak vt 说 讲，其宾语常是某种语言 强调开口说话、发言的动作
speak+ 语言
speak to sb.(2)与某人交谈用talk talk with sb.= talk to sb.与某人交谈
强调双方说话
talk讲、谈论，谈话
不及物动词
talk about/of 谈论……
talk to / with 和…交谈
give a talk做报告
（talk n.报告）
have a talk听报告(3)强调说话内容用say say it in English 用英语说
say讲，说，强调说话内容。
say+ 说话内容
say to sb.It is said that...据说(4)告诉某人用tell
tell sb.to do sth 告诉某人做某事
tell vt告诉,对…说
tell the truth 说真话
tell a lie说谎
tell the time 报时
tell a story讲故事
tell sb.sth.／ tell sth.to sb.tell me a story
tell sb.about sth
tell sb.to do sth．My mother tells me to buy some fruit．
tell : 辨别，说出区别
tell A from B
tell the differences between A and B
3.work on 忙于； 从事
He is working on a new novel.(1)work for 为……做事
Would you like to work for the company?(2)work as 作为……工作 My sister worked as an actress.(3)work out 解决；算出 I worked out the math problem.4.as soon as 一……就……（引导时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时）
5.continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)
continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）take away 把……带走
7.remind v 提醒；使想起 =make sb.remember 使记住(1)remind of 提醒，使记起
(2)remind sb.of sth 使某人记起某事(3)remind sb.to do sth提醒某人去做某事(4)remind sb.+ that从句
8.What do you think about … ？ “你认为……怎么样？”= What do you think of …?
= How do you like …?（用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法和观点）
(1)think about考虑，思考 代词放在其后 I’ll think about it and call you back soon.(2)think over 仔细思考 代词放在中间I have to think it over carefully before I make a decision.(3)think of 想起
I can’t think of his name right now
9.a good way to do sth.一个做某事的办法
10.solve v 解决 → solution n 解决的办法
solve 常与problem 搭配，表示解决问题，且问题难度大。
Can you help me solve the problem? answer 常与question搭配，表示“回答问题”，问题难度小。
It’s your turn to answer my question.10.agree v→(反)disagree → agreement n同意
(1)agree with sb.同意某人（表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法）(2)agree on 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议
(3)agree to 主要用来表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等，另一方同意协作。We agreed to their arrangement.(4)agree to do sth 同意做某事
11.(1)another 另一个； 另外的 ,泛指三种或三种以上的另一个。
This coat is too small, please show me another one.(2)others 另一些 , 和some对比使用时，无“其他”之意。
Some students are singing;others are dancing.(3)the others 其余的, 指在一个范围内的其他全部。
Lisa is taller than the others in our class.(4)the other 另一个 , 指两者中的另一个。
I have two sister, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.12.seem 似乎，好像
(1)seem to be + adj.(说明主语的特征或状态)Mr.Green seemed to be quite happy.(2)It seems + that 从句
It seems that Mr.Green will not come again.13.show → showed → shown v
给……看，出示
/ 表明
告诉；阐明；展示；
on display = on show 展览，展出
show sb.around 带领某人参观
show off 炫耀
talk show 脱口秀，谈话节目 14.instead of 代替；反而
(1)instead 副词，代替，放在句末
(2)instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中
15.neither 两者都不（反）both两者都
(1)neither of +名词复数 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式
(2)neither…
nor … 既不… 也不…… ,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则。(3)Neither I nor she knows the matter.(4)若要表达“…也不……” 用 Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主
16be able to 能够，后接动词原形，强调通过努力而获得的能力，可以用于各种时态。
can 能，会，强调自身的能力，只要一般现在时或一般过去时。
17.called 被称为named =with the name of叫做 a boy called Tom
That’s the girl named/called Lily.= That’s the girl ___ ____ ____ Lily.I like to listen to the song _________(call)Yu Gong Moves a Mountain.18.once upon a time= long long ago 从前
（常用于故事的开头）
19.be born 出生 通常用于一般过去时
⑴ be born in +月份/年份/ 地点
在……月/年/ 地方出生
My brother was born in Hong Kong.⑵ be born on + 具体的某天
在……出生
He was born on a cold morning.20.give birth(to sb /sth)生孩子，产仔 21.hide 隐藏；躲藏
22.turn … into …
把……变成……；把……译成……
(1)turn on 打开
turn off 关掉（煤气，水，电，收音机，电视机等）
(2)turn down关小
turn up 调大
turn to 翻到
Please turn to page10.(3)It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
23.some time /sometime/some times/sometimes 【口诀】：分开是一段 合起是某时 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时(1)some time一段时间，做时间状语
It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间(2)sometime adv 在某个时候，(3)some times 名词词组，几次，几倍
Mr.Green went to Sanya some times last summer.(4)sometimes=at times 有时（一般现在时的标志词）
24.so… that… 如此….以致….引导结果状语从句
so +adj./adv +that He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch him.He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.25.excite v 使激动，使兴奋
(1)exciting adj.令人激动的，（通常用于指物）(2)excited adj.感到激动的（通常用于指人）
be excited about 对…… 感到兴奋
26.as soon as一…就，引导时间状语从句
As soon as I get to Beijing，I'll write to you．我一到北京，就给你写信。
（）Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ____.A.will arrive
B.was arriving
C.arrives
D.arrived
27.come out
(1)出版；发行 When does the new book come out ?(2)开花；出来；出现；披露
Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring.28.more than = over 超过；多于(反）less than 少于
no more than 不只是；不仅仅是
not more than 至多；不超过
29.western adj.西方的west n
east eastern adj.东方的 south southern adj.南方的 north northern adj.北方的 eastern part 东部地区
western countries 西方国家
30.interest n→interesting/interested adj有趣的be interested in 对…感兴趣 31.the +形容词 表示一类人,作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
32.fall in love with 爱上
33.fit 适合，合身
侧重指大小、尺寸合体。
suit 合适
侧重指颜色、款式或时间，食物、状况等适合
The shoes suit you well.这双鞋子适合你（侧重颜色、款式适合）
34.couple 一对；
(1)the couple 夫妻二人
（谓语动词通常用复数）
The young couple are quarreling with each other.(2)a couple of 两三个
He told me that he’s coming to visit for a couple of weeks.他告诉我他要来参观两三周。
35.couldn’t stop doing sth= couldn’t help doing sth忍不住做某事 36.marry v 嫁娶
(1)A marry B.A 与B结婚
Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.(2)A and B get married = A and B are married A和B结婚
get married 结婚
Kate and Tom get married last year.(3)marry A to B 把A 嫁给B She married her daughter to a rich man.(4)be married to sb 与……结婚
①.My aunt got_____________(marry)last year.②.When did Sue and Jack___________(结婚).Section B-self Check 1.make sth.for sb.为某人制作某物 = make sb.sth I make a cake for my daughter.2.make a plan to do sth 制定计划去做某事
make a plane for sth 为了某事而制定计划
plan→ planning → planned v/n 计划
plan 的过去式，过去分词，现在分词都要双写n
plan to do sth 计划做某事= plan on doing sth
3.whole 全部的；整体的
(1)whole adj.整个的，全部的，用于冠词之后
the whole country 全国
the whole school 全校
(2)all adj.全体的，全部的 用于冠词和所有其他限定词之前
above all 首先，最重要的是
not… at all 一点也不all the time 一直
all over the world 遍及全世界
first of all 首先
(3)whole 强调“完整性” 限定词+ whole +名词（集体名词或可数名词单数）
all 强调“总量” all + 限定词+名词（可数名词复数或不可数名词）
4.hear sb.doing sth 听到某人做某事
hear sb.do sth 听见某人做某事，表示听到的全过程
be heard to do sth 被听到做某事
5.not … until …直到……才……
6.get to 到达
get → got→ gotten v 得到 get to +地点=arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点
get on 上车
get up 起床
get used to习惯于
get along with sb 与某人相处融洽
get together相聚
7.unless = if … not 除非…… ,如果不（引导条件状语从句）（）I won’t take part in Julie’s birthday party ___ I am invited.A.unless
B.after
C.because
D.if 8.be lost 迷路 He was lost 他迷路了。
9.【感叹句】 What(a / an)+ adj.+ n.+ 主 + 谓！How + adj./ adv.+主 + 谓！
10.maybe = perhaps adv 也许；可能
（在句中作状语，常位于句首）
11.lead 带路；领路
lead to 导致......，通向......All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
lead sb.to do sth 带领某人做某事
The teachers lead us to study hard.老师引导我们努力学习。Hard work _________________(引导)success.12.make →made→ made v 制作，做(1)make v 制作，做
make a milk shake 制作一份奶昔
make kites 制作风筝
make the bed 整理床铺
make sentence 造句
make a noise 制作噪音
make a mistake 放错
make money 赚钱 make friends with与……交朋友(2)make 的被动语态结构：
①be made of …
由……制成,被用……制成(看得出原材料)② be made from 被用……制成(看不出原材料)③ be made into + 成品
被制成……
④ be made up of…= consists of “ 被……构成”
(3)make v 迫使，导致
①make sb.do sth 让某人做某事
make sb.laugh 使某人发笑
②make sb/sth + adj.使某人、某物处于某种状态 Rainy days often make me sad ③be made to do sth 被迫做某事
The boy was made to stand out of the classroom for ten minutes because he came to school late.13.voice 声音
(1)voice 多指人说话、唱歌、鸟的叫声。
(2)noise n → noisy adj.吵闹的 指不悦耳的吵闹声 如嘈杂声、噪音等
make a noise制造噪音(3)sound ①n 泛指人听到的任何声音。② v 听起来
There was a loud ___ outside the classroom.The physics teacher had to raise his ___: “ Light travels much faster than _______”.14.send→ sent → sent
v 发送
send sb.to +地点
将某人送到某地
send away 赶走
send for 派人去请send off 寄出
send out 分发
send up 发射
send sb.sth = send sth to sb.送给某人某物
类似动词show(展示； 给……看)give(给)lend(借出)offer（提供）return（归还）tell（告诉）
15.as 当……的时候
16.be able to do sth 能够做某事 17.keep doing sth 一直做某事 keep → kept →kept v 留住；保持
(1)keep +adj.使保持…… keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
keep quiet =be quiet 保持安静
(2)keep sb.doing sth 使某人一直做某事(3)keep sb.from doing sth 阻止某人做某事(4)keep away from 远离……
(5)be keep on doing sth./ to do sth 喜爱/ 渴望做某事(6)keep out 挡住； 使进不去
(7)keep sth for sb.为某人保留某物
17.状语从句，主要讲述以下三种状语从句。
(1)unless引导条件状语从句 unless = if … not 除非，若不
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.(2)as soon as引导时间状语从句 一……就
He will come and see you as soon as he can.(3)so.......that引导结果状语从句
句型1 主语+谓语+so+adj/adv+that从句
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型2 so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句
It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3.so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4
so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.
第三篇：新版新目标英语八年级上册unit6知识点总结
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science
Section A
1.be going to 的用法
①be going to +do 表示将来的打算、计划或安排
②常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用.When引导的从句
用一般现在时态。
③各种句式变换
句式变换借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换
肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他
He is going to take the bus there when he is free.否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I’m not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他
肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be.否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend?
Yes ,I am./
No, I’m not.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？
What is he going to do this weekend?
When are you going to see your friends? ④如果表示计划去某地,可直接用be going to+地点
We are going to Beijing for a holiday..⑤表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave ,move等常用进行时表示将来时态表示近期打算做某事。
The bus is coming.My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.注意：be going to 与 will 的区别
① 对未来事情的预测用will + 动词原形，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至句首。
Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will./ No, they won’t.②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.③ 陈述将来的某个事实用will.I will ten years old next year.④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.I’m tired I will go to bed.⑤ 表示意愿用will.I’ll tell you the truth.⑥ 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.2.when 当……时”引导时间状语从句
如果主句和从句中的动作都发生在将来，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，She is going to be an astronaut when she grows up.when 与 while 的区别
when 表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.When she arrives, I’ll call you.while 表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生，while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。
Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.3.violin小提琴
violinist 小提琴家
piano钢琴
pianist 钢琴家
science科学
scientist科学家
drive开车
driver 司机
foreign外国
foreigner外国人
4.grow up 长大
grow into 成长为
practice doing sth 练习做某事
keep on doing sth 坚持做某事
表示动作的反复
keep doing sth 一直做某事
表示动作或者状态的持续 常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有 考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.承认推迟没得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy.避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.不禁介意与逃亡： can’t help , mind, escape.不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine.5.be sure about 确信 对……有把握
make sure 确保
(1)be sure +about / of +n/pron/doing
对……有把握
She is sure of success.她确信会成功。
(2)be sure +宾语that 从句
肯定 有把握
主语为人=It’s certain that
We are sure that you can make it.(3)make sure + that 从句
Make sure that you can find out the truth.确保你能找出真相。(4)be sure to do sth 用于祈使句中，表示说话人对对方提出要求
务必 切记(5)be sure to do sth 表示说话人的推断
主语为人或物
It’s sure to rain tomorrow.He is sure to come.他一定会来。
6.take/ have acting/singing/dancing lessons 上表演/歌唱/舞蹈课
go to a cooking school 上烹饪学校
7.send（过去式sent）sb sth=send sth to sb 把某物寄/ 送给某人
My sister sent me a bike last week.=My sister sent a bike to me last week.send for 派人去请
8.Don’t worry.别担心
worry about=be worried about 担心…….He always worries about his son.= He is always worried about his son.Section B 1.learn to do sth 学习做某事
I began to learn to play the piano when I was five..make the soccer team, 组建足球队，成为足球队的一员
I want to make the soccer team next year.get/ do lots of exercise 做大量的锻炼
We should get lots of exercise every day.learn another foreign language 学习第二外语（另外一门外语）
get good grades 取得好成绩
2.make resolutions(to do sth)下决心（做某事）
We like making resolutions on New Year’s Day.keep resolutions 实现决心
I think making resolutions is easy, but keeping resolutions is hard.3.be able to 与can
(1)be able to+do 用于一般现在时态，一般过去时态，一般将来时态，be动词和主语保持一致
I am able to speak English, but I wasn’t able to speak English when I was five, I think I will be able to learn
another foreign language in five years.(2)can 为情态动词，用在现在时态中，也可用在过去时态中，过去式为could
I can speak English , but I couldn’t speak English when I was five.4.promise
(1)n 许诺，承诺
make a promise(promises)to sb 向某人许诺
keep a promise/promises
keep one’s promise 信守承诺
(2)v 承诺，许诺
promise to do sth 承诺做某事
promise+宾语从句
promise sb sth 向某人承诺某事
5.tidy
(1)adj 干净的，井井有条的 My room is tidy.(=clean)(2)v 打扫，把…..清理干净
Please tidy(=clean)your room when you are free.6.begin start(1)v 开始 begin/ start to do sth=begin/ start doing sth 开始做某事
I began/ started to learn English two years ago.= I began / started learning English two years ago.(2)start v
发起
start a club
(3)start n 开始，开端
the start of the movie = the beginning of the movie(beginning是n)
(4)at the beginning of ………在…….的开始
at the beginning of the new year
7.improve v 改善，提高
n improvement , 改善，提高
improve my English grade , improve my life
8.write down 写下write down your name= write your name down write it down(it为代词，只能放在中间)9.for the coming year coming 为动名词修饰名词
swimming pool, go to a cooking school
10.tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事，例如：Tell me about your English grade.11.wish
(1)n 愿望
常指美好的或难以实现的愿望Best wishes for you.(2)v 希望
wish to do sth 希望做某事
I wish to go to the moon one day.(常指较大的愿望)I hope to get good grades next year.(3)wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
My mother always wishes me to study all day long.12.fast food 快餐，熟食
Eating fast food is very popular in England.13.have to do with …….与……有关
have nothing to do with 与…….无关
This book has to do with Edison.Your Chinese has nothing to do with me.14.take up
(1)开始，从事，take up sth 开始从事某事 I took up soccer when I was five.take up doing sth 开始从事做某事，I took up playing soccer when I was five.(2)占据
This table takes up too much room.(room 为不可数名词，空间)
15.planning 不可数名词
规划
better planning 合理规划
city planning, 城市规划 16.weekly
(1)adj 每周的，一周一次的，放在名词之前
make a weekly plan 制定每周计划(2)adv 每周地，每周一次地
He watches TV weekly.(=once a week)
17.too……to……太……而不能，太……而导致to 之后的动作无法完成，主语是物时在形容词之后加for sb
Tom is too young to go to school.(Tom年轻-----Tom太年轻------而不能完成 go to school.), =not +形容词+enough+to do sth Tom is not old(此处not old =young)enough to go to school.=so+形容词+that +sb can’t do sth : Tom is so young that he can’t go to school.The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.She is too poor to buy the sweater.=She is so poor that she can’t buy the sweater.18For this reason.因为这个原因
19.question
(1)n 问题，常与answer 搭配
answer my questions
(2)v 怀疑，询问
He likes questioning his father’s answers.18.mean（过去式meant）v
(1)意思，含义，后常接宾语从句，I mean you are a good boy.(2)打算用 mean to do sth
I meant to help you with your English.(3)意味着 mean doing sth
Success means working hard.(4)meaning n
the meaning of ….……的含义 19.own
(1)v 拥有
The man owns a big farm.(2)adj 自己的，放在形容词性物主代词之后，修饰名词
This is my own car.(3)owner 主人
20.drive to work 开车上班，ride to school 骑车上学 21.make
(1)make sb do sth 使某人做某事 The man makes his son do much housework every day.(2)make +宾语+形容词
Watching TV makes me relaxing.(3)make +宾语+名词
They make Tom their cook.他们让Tom 做他们的厨师。
22.everyday every day
everyday adj.每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。This is our everyday homework.every day 副词短语，在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。He reads books every day.23.remember v.记得、记住
forget 用法同
remember to do sth 记得去做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
第四篇：新目标九年级英语上册Unit6单元小结
5.________(actual), that student needs to study more to pass the e
Unit6（单元小结）xams.||
B.根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词
一、词汇
1.“Which do you p___________, coffee of tea?” “Neither, I’d like A:词形变换
some water.” 1.like（反义词）2.fish（职业名词）
3.photograph（职业名词）4.pro（反义词）2.It is very h__________ of you to tell me the truth.5.taste（形容词）6.energy（形容词）3.He ___________(让人想起)me of his father, because he looks like 7.honest（反义词）8.it（反身代词）
9.famous（名词）10.main（副词）
B:短语翻译
1.提醒、使记得_________________ 2.黄河_________________ 3.说实话、说实在的_________________ 4.对„有害_________________ 5.意见一致_________________ 6.在展览_________________ 7.这几年_________________ 8.合某人的意_______________ 9.跟着唱_________________ 10.与„保持距离_________________ 11.最著名的中国摄影师之一_______________ _ 12.比起„„更喜欢„„_________________ 13.确定做某事______________
二、句子 1.我喜欢可以跟着跳舞的音乐。I like music ______ _____ ______ ______ _____.2.最主要的事情是饮食均衡。
The thing is ______ _____ ______ ______ _____.3.然而，它的确有些优点为。
It ______ _____ ______ ______ good _____,_____.4.我每天看同样的东西，它们并不太吸引我。
I see______ _____ ______ every day,they ______ ______ _____ as much.5.我听说吃烧烤类食物会增加得癌症的危险性。
I've heard______ _____ ______ like this can ______the ______ ______ _____.三、考点 一.词汇测试 16% A.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.I like ____________(music)who can write their own lyrics.2.Farmers plant seeds ________(main)in the spring.3.After the long walk, we felt very ___________(tiring).4.If you don’t sleep enough at night, you will feel ____________(happy)in different ways.his father very much.4.The art museum is planning to __________(展出)the new paintings
it has bought.5.The man with a camera is a __________(摄影师)of a newspaper.He
is good at taking photographs.C.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Listen!Can you hear them ___________(talk)about the exhibition.2.Li lei dislikes movies that____________(have)scary monsters.3.I was so busy reading the book that I forgot ____________(get)off the bus at the stop.4.My aunt _____________(teach)in this school since 1980.5.He prefers ____________(watch)TV rather than ____________(do)homework.6.Tomorrow is my birthday.Be sure ____________(come)to my birthday party.二.句型转换 14 % 1.What do you think of the movie?(改为同义句)__________ do you __________ the movies? 2.The movie was very boring, but I finished seeing it.(改为同义句)__________ the movie was very boring, I finished seeing it.3.She likes Chinese food better than Italian food.(改为同义句)
She ___________ Chinese food ________ Italian food.4.I like the singer.The singer writes his own lyrics.(变为含有定语
从句的复合句)
I like the singer ___________ __________ his own lyrics.5.I don’t know what I should do next.（改为简单句）I don’t know __________ ______________ _____________ next.6.His grandma died two years ago.(改为同义句)His grandma _______ ________ __________ __________ two years.三.单项选择 15 %()1.There are many differences __________ the two words.A.among B.of C.at D.between
()2.Tom isn’t ________ the basket.A.tall enough to touch B.enough tall to touch C.tall enough touching D.enough tall touching()3._________ little food is not enough for _________ little kids.A.So, such B.So, so C.Such, such D.Such, so()4.Every day her mother lets her play _________ piano before watching _______TV.A.the, / B./, the C.the, the D./, /()5.He is the only one of the students who _______ from the country.A.come B.comes C.coming D.to come()6.You can get the ___________news on the Internet.A.late B.later C.latest D.lately()7.He went to school late this morning because he _______ the first bus.A.caught B.missed C.met D.got on()8.This book is __________ expensive but more useful than that one.A.more B.less C.much D.very()9.They met each other _______ a cold winter day fifteen years ago.A.on B.in C.at D.for()10.He has written some short stories, but he is _______ known for his plays.A.the best B.more C.better D.the most()11.Not all of the students like playing football, ________ like playing basketball.A.a few B.few C.none D.one()12.The Chinese are working hard to make our country _______.A.strong and beautiful B.strongly and beautifully C.beautifully and stronger D.stronger and beautiful()13.Parents try their best to keep our children _______.A.healthy B.health C.healthily D.unhealthy()14.The food is terrible and makes me ________ sick.A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt()15.Dalian is a great place ________ for its fine weather.A.visited B.visit C.visiting D.to visit
四、用适当的关系代词填空。
1.He likes the teachers ________ explain thing well.2.At last,the man handed everything ________ he has stolen to the police.3.I'm watching the boy and the dog ________ are playing on the playground.4.Do you know the girl ________ name is windy?
5.We are talking about the boy ________mother is a doctor.
第五篇：新目标八年级英语下作文
My hobby
I like to collect many things,such as nice stones,names of movies,books,toys,photos of famous people.But I like collecting stamps best.I have been collecting stamps for five years.When I was very young,my uncle sent me a stamp from Australia.I loved it at once.Since then I tried to collect stamps and fell in love with it.I have more than one hundred stamps.Some were sent by my friends,some were collected by myself;some were from foiregn countries,some were Chinese.I like them.Often,I take them out and show them to my friends.I want to be a player(my dream)
Everyone has a dream.But I think my dream is to be a football star when I grow up.I liked playing football when I was a child.No matter what the weather is like, I often play football with my friends on the playground after school.I like Ronaldo best.Now I will do my best to study hard in the school.I believe my dream will come true in the future.Now I am still a middle school student.I must try my best to work hard at my lessons.I think my dream will come true some day in the future if I work hard.My future(my life in the future, my life in 10 years)
Hello, everyone!My name is Yang Fan.I am a student and I study at school now.I like playing basketball and surfing on the internet.I go to school by bike every day.I think I will change greatly in 10 years.Then I will be a doctor.I will enjoy reading books.I will go to work by car.I will go to Europe to spend my holiday.I will make a lot of money.I will have a beautiful house with garden.I think my life will be more interesting and wonderful in the future.,I think it will come true if I work hard.The life in the future
In the future ,there will be computers in each home.They will help us know more about the world ,We will be able to talk online.Kids won`t go to school and study at home on computers.Scientists will make lots of robots.They can help us do some homework.For example,cooking ,cleaning.And I think there will be more cars and pollution.So we should grow more trees and find other useful solutions to protect our environment.In a word ,the life in the world will be wonderful.My lovely hometown
My hometown is beautiful.White clouds can be seen in the blue sky.Each season is like a beautiful picture.When spring comes, the whole world turns green.Birds are singing and the rivers run happily ahead.Everything grows fast in summer.When autumn arrives, my hometown is colored golden.In winter, sometimes snow covers the top of the mountains.My hometown is colorful all the year around.I really love my hometown.My summer holiday plans（My summer holiday）
My summer holiday is coming soon.My family are going to Beijing, the capital of China.There are many places of interest.For example, the Great Wall is one of the most famous places in the world.And we are going to visit other famous places, like the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace an
d so on.Now I am going over my English and study English harder and harder.I hope I can travel all over the world.I think my dream will come true some day in the future.How do you get on well with your classmates?
Today, many students say they don’t know how to get on well with their classmates.They are in trouble.Now, I will give you some advice.First of all, believe everyone.Believing is very important.Believe others and you can be believed.Secondly, give a hand when your classmates need help.Last, whenever being on time is very important.If you follow the advice above, I believe you can get on well with everyone.（六）If I have a lot of money
If I have a lot of money, I will do something important.My dream will come true.Of course, I can do a lot with money.I’ll help the old.I’ll help the poor.Most of all, I’ll help these poor children who can’t go to school.I hope they will not only change themselves in the future with the knowledge, but also change the world around them.At the same time, I think I’ll help my parents enjoy their live
Many people like animls.I like dogs best.They are popular pets.Because they are easy to take care of.They are cheaper than rabbits or cats.But they are not quiet enough..I like my dog very much.At night he watches TV on my legs with me When I do my homework,he is always around me.When I have some sad things ,I enjoy talking with him.He`s my best friend.帮助他人是一件快乐的事，请写一件你经历过的帮助别人的乐事，并谈谈你的快乐，80个词左右。
I am a friendly boy.I like to make friends.But I like to eat, too.My mother gives me some money every day.I always go to buy something to eat.I eat in the class, after school and while playing.One day I went to school with 10 yuan.Suddenly I saw a little boy sitting at the gate of a shop.He was asking people for money.I was surprised.A boy, younger than me!He should go to school like me!I walked to him, asked, “What' s wrong, little brother?” “My parents were dead.So I had nothing.”He was sad.I touched my money.I really wanted to buy some delicious snacks to eat.At last, I gave him my money!He was very happy, so was I.选取你和你母亲之间发生的一件事情作为材料写一篇短文，这件事有可能是愉快的，也有可能是不愉快的，或印象深刻的，词数在80以上。
I like little animals.I want to get a cat long ago.But my mother doesn’t like them.Last month my friend gave me a white cat.I was so glad that I often played with it after school.My mother was annoyed by the cat’s voice.She said it always broke the things and the sofa,and its hair could be seen here and there.So last Friday when I came back home and wanted to play with my pet, it didn’t appear.I asked my mother, she told me she had sent the cat to other
people.I was mad at her.I shouted and cried, and didn’t listen to her.When my father came home,I told him the event.He also said it wasn’t an important thing.Later, I said sorry to my mother and so did she.
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