第一篇:八种时态教案
中考专题复习---动词的八种时态教案
课型:Revision
课前预测:学生对时态有一定的了解基础,但没有系统的归纳联系。教学方法:归纳 互动 自主学习小组合作 板书设计:Keys in PPT.教学目标:
1.对时态进行系统性地自我归纳并熟练运用在各类题型中。
2.掌握各时态的区别点,对有深度的重点作为要点记忆与运用。教学重难点:
1.现在进行时表将来。2.一般现在时表将来
3.短暂性动词与延续性动词在完成时态中的用法。4.各类时态的时间状语 教学过程:
Step 1.通过比喻的手法展示动词的变化形式进行互动。step2.不规则动词的过去式、过去分词的归纳与阅读。step3.通过比喻展示各动词在时态中的运用。
1.一般现在时:条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。2.一般过去时态中often与一般现在时态中的often.3.一般将来时态中用shall we 表征求对方建议。4.表位移的动词用现在进行时表将来。5.现在完成时态中的短暂性与延续性动词用法 6.already与yet区别的视频教学
7.过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的用法 step4.A match How many flags do you have? step5.A game: Lucky lucky draw Ask the students to enjoy drawing by themselves , then make a sentence with the word they draw.Say them out orally in class.step6.Composition 根据中考作文,展示学生习作进行点评。step7.Summary Make 8 sentences with different tenses and write them down.Step8.Homework A composition of junior high school entrance examination in Jiangxi.教学反思:
本节课将动词比喻为“词才’,与学生“人才”进行一场激烈的PK赛。同时将词才的就职与人才的就职关联起来。化枯燥的语法讲解为生动有趣。各教学环节以比较、归纳为特点,兼顾知识点的广度与深度。通过词的易容术进行互动,通过视频学习already和yet,加深对完成时态的理解,通过幸运大抽奖,增加了课堂的趣味性和学生的口语表达能力,巩固了各种时态的用法。通过学生习作的点评,提高了学生的纠错能力。本设计中的练习贴近中考前沿,为学生的备考打下了坚实的基础。
第二篇:初中英语八种时态的结构总结
海兴外语培训学校 小班专用 九年级
八种时态的结构归纳 一般现在时:谓语分为:1.be 2.行为v.be 行为v.肯定句:主语+be{am/are/is}+表语.主语+{v-原型/v-单三)+....否定句:主语+be{am/are/is}+not+表语.主语+don't/doesn't+v-原型+....一般疑问句:Be{am/are/is}+主语+表语? Do/Does+主语+v-原型+...? 回答:Yes,主语+{am/are/is}.Yes,主语+do/does.No,主语+am not/isn't/aren't}.No,主语+don't/doesn't.一般过去式:谓语分为:1.be 2.行为v.be 行为v.肯定句:主语+was/were+表语.主语+v.-过去式{v-ed/v.不规则的} +....否定句:主语+was/were+not+表语.主语+didn't+v.-原型+....一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+表语? Did+主语+v.-原型+...? 回答:Yes,主语+was/were.Yes,主语+did.No,主语+wasn't/weren't.No,主语+didn't.现在进行时:be{am/are/is}+v.-ing 过去进行时: was/were+v.-ing 肯定句:主语+be{am/are/is}+v.-ing+....肯定句:主语+was/were+v.-ing+....否定句:主语+be{am/are/is}+not+v.-ing+...否定句:主+was/were+not+v.-ing+....一般疑问句:Be{am/are/is}+主语+v.-ing+...?一般疑问句:Was/Were+主
+v.-ing+...? 回答:Yes,主语+{am/are/is}.回答:Yes,主语+was/were.No,主语+am not/isn't/aren't}.No,主语+wasn't/weren't.海兴外语培训学校 小班专用 九年级
一般将来时:1.will/shall+v.-原型
2.be{am/are/is} +going +to+{v.-原型/地点} 3.be{am/are/is}+to+v.-原型
肯定句:1.主语+will/shall+v.-原型+....2.主语+ be{am/are/is} +going +to+{v.-原型/地点}.3.主语+ be{am/are/is}+to+v.-原型
否定句:1.主语+will/shall+not+v.-原型+....2.主语+ be{am/are/is} +not+going +to+{v.-原型/地点}.3.主语+ be{am/are/is}+not+to+v.-原型.一般疑问句:1.Will/Shall+主语v.-原型+...? 2.Be{am/are/is}+主语+going +to+{v.-原型/地点}? 3.Be{am/are/is}+主语+to+{v.-原型/地点}? 肯定回答:1.Yes,主语+will/shall.2.Yes,主语+{am/are/is}.3.Yes,主语+{am/are/is}.否定回答:1.No,主语+won't/shall not.2.No,主语+{am not/aren't/isn't}.3.No,主语+{am not/aren't/isn't}.过去将来时:1.would/should+v.-原型 2.was/were+going +to+{v.-原型/地点} 3.was/were+to+v.-原型
肯定句:1.主语+would/should+v.-原型 +....2.主语+was/were+going +to+{v.-原型/地点}.3.主语+was/were +to+v.-原型+....海兴外语培训学校 小班专用 九年级
否定句:1.主语+would/should+not+v.-原型 +....2.主语+wasn't/weren't+going +to+{v.-原型/地点}.3.wasn't/weren't+to+v.-原型+....一般疑问句:1.Would/Should+主语+v.-原型 +...? 2.Was/Were+主语+going +to+{v.-原型/地点}? 3.Was/Were+主语+to+v.-原型+...? 肯定回答:1.Yes,主语+would/should.2.Yes,主语+was/were.3.Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答:1.No,主语+wouldn't/shouldn't.2.No,主语+wasn't/weren't.3.No,主语+wasn't/weren't.现在完成时:have/has+done(v.过去分词)肯定句:主语+have/has+done(v.过去分词)+....否定句:主语+have/has+not+done(v.过去分词)+....一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+done(v.过去分词)+...? 回答:Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+haven't/hasn't.过去完成时:had+done(v.过去分词)肯定句:主语+had+done(v.过去分词)+....否定句:主语+had+not+done(v.过去分词)+....一般疑问句:Had+主语+done(v.过去分词)+...? 回答:Yes,主语+had.No,主语+hadn't.
第三篇:八种时态常用的标志词
八种时态常用的标志词
1、一般现在时
表示:现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态
标志: often、usually、always、sometimes、everyday、in the morning/afternoon…、on Sundays, once a week etc e.g.:We go to school at six forty every day.My brother reads a book once a week.2、一般将来时
表示:将要发生的动作或存在的状态
标志:tomorrow、next week、this month、in an hour、the day after tomorrow etc e.g.:He will go to see a doctor tomorrow.I am going to play basketball next week.She is coming back in an hour.3、一般过去时
表示:过去发生的动作或存在的状态
标志: yesterday、last week、three days ago、the day before yesterday, in 1990 etc e.g.:I finished my work yesterday.He went to New York ten days ago.4、现在进行时
表示:现在正在进行的动作
标志:now、Look!、Listen!、It is six o’clock.e.g.:Look!The boy is playing with a cat.It’s eight o’clock.The Smiths are watching TV in the living room.5、过去进行时
表示:过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
标志:at six yesterday morning、from 7 to 9 yesterday、this time yesterday、也可用在when和while引导的从句
e.g.: He was taking a shower at 11 last night.They were cooking when the bell rang.(= While they were cooking, the bell rang.)
6、现在完成时
结构: Have / has done 1)表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志: already(“已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处)、never(“从不”用于中间处)、ever(“曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处)、just(“刚刚” 用于中间处)、yet(“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处/“还” 用于否定句的末尾处)e.g.: I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。(“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”)
2)表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作,将来还可能继续下去。标志:for+时间段,如for three days since+时间点/过去时从句,如since 1998,since she left here e.g.:she has lived in Fuzhou for three years./ Since three years ago.7、过去完成时
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
标志:before, by the end of last year(term, month„)etc.e.g.:The class had already begun when I came to school.8、过去将来时
表示:从过去某个时间看将来发生的动作 通常在宾语从句中出现,主句为过去时 e.g.: He said(that)he would visit the Great Wall the next day.She told me(that)she was moving to France in two days.
第四篇:英语三级考试八种时态的用法
八种时态的具体用法:
一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:often,usually,sometimes,always,every(day等),once/twice,a(week等), on(Sunday等),never,in the(morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话)/ If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如:Here comes the bus.(车来了)/ There goes the bell.(铃响了)。⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see.如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常 发生。① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:at(eight)(yesterday morning),(ten minutes)ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:yesterday, last(year等), in(1998 等)。如:He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young./ Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。①一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow,this(afternoon),next(year),one day,now,soon,someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”
用于所有人
称。如:I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如:I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂).So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)⑤ 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?)
⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如:An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。①
现在进行时由“助动词be(am is are)+现在分词”构成。②
现在进行时的时间状语有: now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)③
表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)④
表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)
过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。①
过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。②
过去进行时的时间状语有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at(eight)yesterday(morning),(a year)ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)③
用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)④
也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)
现在完成时
现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。①在完成时由“助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词”构成。②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three
times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before.(我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有:for(two years),since 1990, since(two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)⑤have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英国。)/--Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.(你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。)⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:
瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have(already)gone to… have been in / at … for(two years)has
come to… has been here since(1990)(had)
left…(had)been away from…
arrived…
been in…
died
been dead
begun
been on
ended
been over
bought...had…
borrowed…
kept…
joined…
been in …
或者使用下面这个句型:It is / has been +(多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是:瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如:How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
过去完成时
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。②过去完成时时间状语有:by(yesterday), by then, by the end of(last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)
过去将来时
过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有:later, soon, the next(day).③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付
给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to(+动词原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)
(9)现在完成进行时:现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是:“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。如:I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久?)21
其他回答 共5条 一)动词的时态
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式.英语动词有16种时态.但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时.一般过去时.一般将来时.现在进行时.过去进行时.现在完成时.过去完成时.过去将来时.现在完成进行时.常用的时态只有八种.1.一般现在时的用法
1)表示经常性.习惯性的动作,表示现在的状态.特征和真理.句中常用 often.usually.every day等时间状语.例如: He goes to school every day.(经常性动作)He is very happy.(现在的状态)
The earth moves around the sun.(真理)
2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中.用一般现在时表示将来.例如: If you come this afternoon.we’ ll have a meeting.When I graduate.I`ll go to the countryside.3)有时这个时态表示按计划.规定要发生的动作.(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如 begin.come.leave.go.arrive.start.stop.return.open.close等.例如: The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning.4)表示状态和感觉的动词.如 be.like.hate.think.remember.find.sound等常用一般现在时.例如:
I like English very much.The story sounds very interesting.5)书报的标题.小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时.2.一般过去时的用法
l)表示过去某时间发生的事.存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作.He saw Mr Wang yesterday.He worked in a factory in 1986
2)表示过去经常发生的动作.也可用[used to“和[would +动词原形”.例如: I used to smoke.During the vacation I would swim in the sea.注意,used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态.另外?[to be used to +名词(动句词)[表示“习惯于--.例如
I am used to the climate here.He is used to swimming in winter.3.一般将来时的用法
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态.其表达形式除了[ will或 shall十动词原形”外.还有以下几种形式.l)[ to be going to十动词原形“.表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事.例如: It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2)go.come.start.move.sail.leave等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作.例如:
I`m leaving for Beijing.3)[be to十动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见.例如: Are we to go on with this work?
The boy is to go to school tomorrow.4)[ be about to十动词原形“表示即将发生的动作.例如: We are about to leave.5)某些词.如 come.go.leave.arrive.start等的一般现在时和现在进行时也可表示将来.The meeting starts at five o`clock.He is leaving tomorrow.4.现在进行时的用法
1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作.由[ to be十现在分词”构成.另外[系动词十介词或副词“也表示进行时的意义.例如: What are you doing?
The bridge is under construction.2)表示感觉.愿望和状态的某些动词如 have.be.hear.see.like等词一般不用进行时.5.过去进行时的用法
l)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻.某一阶段正进行的动作.由[ was(were)十现在分词”构成.例如:
In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.现在完成时的用法
现在完成时由[ have十过去分词“构成.其使用有两种情况:
1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成.而对现在有影响.句中没有具体时间状语.例如
He has gone to Fuzhou.(说话人认为他不在该地)He has been to Fuzhou.(说话人认为他在该地)
2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去.持续到现在.也许还会持续下去.常用for和 since表示一段时间的状语或 so far.now.today.this week(month.year)等表示包括现在时问在内的状语.例如: He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work.注意:表示短暂时间动作的词.如 come.go.die.marry.buy等的完成时不能与for.since等表示一段时间的词连用.3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中.表示将来某时完成的动作.例如: I`ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning.we`ll go to the park.7.过去完成时的用法
l)过去完成时由[ had十过去分词”构成.过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态.句中常用 by.before.until.when等词引导的时间状语.例如:
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去.例如:
Before he slept.he had worked for 12 hours.8.过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态.过去将来时由[ should或 would十动词原形“构成.第一人称用 should.其他人称用 would.例如:
They were sure that they would succeed.9.现在完成进行时的用法
现在完成进行时由[ have(has)十 been十现在分词”构成.表示现在以前一直在进行的动作.有些词.如 work.study.live.teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多.例如:
I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years.但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思.例如: I have written a letter(已写完)
I have been writing a letter.(还在写)
注意:表示短暂动作的动词.如 finish.marry.get up.come.go等不能用这种时态.回答者: huangyongwen60 | 六级 | 2010-8-5 11:38 一、一般现在时的用法
1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week, month)等连用。
He plays football twice a week.I sometimes go to work on foot.2.表示现在的事实或状态。
It’s cold today.You look tired now.3.表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力等。
She is a famous singer.Tom likes swimming.4.表示客观事实或普遍真理。
It’s far from the earth to the sun.Five and three makes eight.5.表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作。但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词。
The train from London arrives at 7:00.He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.6.在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
I’ll call you as soon as I get there.I’ll come if he invites me.7.在以here, there开头的句子里,表示正在发生的动作。
Here comes the bus!
There goes the bell!铃响了!
当主语是代词时,代词必须放在动词之前。如:
There he comes!他来了!
8.某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词,如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体行为。
I feel pain in my head.I don’t understand what you mean.此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时。
二、一般过去时的用法
1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用。
My family moved here five years ago.I was born in 1973.。
2.表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:often, usually, always等连用。
He always worked into night those days.I often left on business in 1987.1987 表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用used to(意指现在已不是这样)
如:I used to read newspaper after breakfast.The children often swam in this river.3.表示过去发生的一连串动作。
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.过去发生的一连串动作,若用and, or, but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.4.在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.三、一般将来时的用法
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等连用。
I will go to the zoo next Sunday.She’ll go to the cinema tonight.(2)表示将来经常发生的动作
Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.(3)“be going to+动词原形”可以表示:
I)根据目前迹象某件事情很有可能发生。
Look at those clouds!It’s going to rain.II)打算、计划、决定要做某事
We’re going to meet outside the school gate.will与be going to都可表示将来,通常可互换,但下面几种情形只用will而不用be going to。
(1)表示“带有意愿色彩的将来”时
I’ll help you if you need.(2)问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时
Will you go shopping with me?
Will you please open the door?(3)表示客观必然会发生的事情
It will be Monday tomorrow.(4)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,主句如果是将来时,则多用will。
I’ll take care of your baby when you are out.I’ll open the window if you smoke here.四、过去将来时的用法
过去将来时的用法与一般将来时的用法相同(参见一般将来时)
过去将来时表示过去习惯性的动作时,只能用would,而不用should。如: I would swim in this pool when I was a child.This window wouldn’t close.五、现在进行时的用法
(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用。
It is snowing now.He is watching TV at present(2)与these days, this week/month等连用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作。He is studying hard these days.He is writing a book.在“Look!, Listen!”等感叹句后,通常用现在进行时。如: Look!The bus is coming.比较:Look!There comes the bus.(以Here, There为首的句子以一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)
(3)与表示将来的时间状语连用,表示最近计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,主要用于go, come, arrive, leave start, return等瞬间动词。即用现在进行时表示将来。
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.(4)与always, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如:
He is always asking such silly questions.He is continually making mistakes.。
没有进行时的动词
1. 表示“存在、位置”的动词。如:be(是),lie(位于),stand(位于)
She is a doctor.The mountain lies in the middle of the country.The tower stands beside the river.lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时,可用于现在进行时。如:
The cat is lying under the table.He is standing against the door.2. 表示“所有”的动词。如:have(有),own(拥有)
I have a new car.He owns a lot of houses.当have作“吃、举行”讲时,可用于现在进行时。如:
She is having lunch now.They are having a sports meeting.3. 表示感觉的动词。如:see(看到),hear(听到),smell(闻到),feel(摸起来),taste(尝起来),find(发现)等。
I see a snake lying in the grass.4. 表示心理活动和情感的动词,如:know(知道),understand(理解),think(作为),like(喜欢),love(爱),hate(恨),hope(希望),want(想要)等
I think they are right.I like music.think作“想,考虑”解时,可用于进行时态。如:
I’m thinking about it now.Do you know what he is thinking about?
六、过去进行时的用法
过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同,只不过参照的时间基准点不同。(1)过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如:then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back.(2)过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作。
They were making ships last month.(3)go, come, leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时间安排或计划好的即将发生的动作。
The plane was arriving at eight.飞
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行,强调“动作的连续性”,而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作,强调“有过这件事”。
I was playing chess last night.I played chess last night.My father worked last Sunday.My father was working last Sunday.七、现在完成时的用法
(1)表示动作已经完成,但后果或影响仍在。常与already, just, yet等副词连用。
I have just read your letter.He has already come back.(2)表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。
He has lived here for three years.I have been here since 1976.①.for后通常跟一个时间段,而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。如:for two weeks持续两周时间;since Monday自从周一。
②.现在完成时的肯定句,其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词,如come, go, begin, join等,则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:他到此两周了:He has arrived here for two weeks.(×)此时需转换表达方式: ①用ago代替for,并改为一般过去时②用延续性动词代替瞬间动词③用It is/It has been…since…句型,如:
He arrived here two weeks ago.He has been here for two weeks.It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.当瞬间动词用于否定句时,则可以与时间段连用。如: I haven’t gone there for six years.(3)表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作已成为某种经验。
I have been to Paris twice.It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.比较have been to与have gone to
have been to表示“去过某地”,现在已回来了,可以与ever ,since等词连用。如:
I have ever been to London.have gone to表示“去某地了”现在尚未回来,不能与ever, since等词连用。
He has gone to London.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
二者都表示“动作已经发生”,区别在于:
(1)现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。He has learned French for three years.他学法语已三年了。He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.谁拿走了我的包?我找不着了!He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净,因为他已经打扫过了。
(2)现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用,而一般过去时则可以。
He has done some washing yesterday.(F)
He did some washing yesterday.(T)
他昨天洗衣服了。
八、过去完成时的用法
与现在完成时的用法相同,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by, before引导的时间状语连用。如:
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没说话,他已把衣服量完了。
We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain.我们刚到学校天就下雨了。
(2)表示由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.He said he had taught in the university since 1957.(3)叙述过去发生的事情后,反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时,常用过去完成时。
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.Some people ran into the street.They had heard a loud noise.九、时态的一致
在一些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,这叫做时态的一致。
时态的一致通常分以下一些情况下考虑:
1.当主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以用任何所需时态。如:
I know that Mr.Brown is a good teacher.She believes that he was once a solider.He will tell us what he is going to do.2.当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以分为下面三种情况:
(1)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句则需要用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
He was wondering where he could put the box.The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.(2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之前,从句则要用过去完成时。如:
He said his father had been dead for twenty years.他说他父亲已经去世二十年了。
(3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之后,从句则要用过去将来时。如:
She said she would finish the work tonight.We knew that it was going to snow.3.当从句所说明的为一般真理或客观事实时,无论主句为何时态,从句不受影响,仍用现在时态。
The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth.Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour.回答者: 飘零漫雪 | 四级 | 2010-8-5 11:38
1.一般现在时: 主语+do/does(现在分词)
2.一般过去时: 主语+did
3.现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are doing
4.过去进行时: was/were doing
e.g 5.现在完成时: have/has done
6.过去完成时: had done
7.一般将来时: will do/
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do
回答者: dolphin°の調 | 十级 | 2010-8-5 11:39
英语的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构:动词 原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.二、一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.三、现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.四、过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.六、过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.3.基本结构:had + done.4.否定形式:had + not + done.5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books七、一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.4.否定形式:was/were + not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.八、过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there.九.将来完成时:
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done
十.现在完成进行时:
1.概念:在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止
2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing 几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
十一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A.He joined the League two years ago.B.He has been in the League for two years.C.It is two years since he joined the League.D.Two years has passed since he joined the League.十二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.十三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum!意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.回答者: kevinyb | 八级 | 2010-8-5 11:39一、一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays.3.基本结构:动词 原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:主语/三单+do/does not+V原+其他
5.一般疑问句:用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:He is always ready to help others.Do you like it?
I don't like it at all.二、一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构:主语+动词或be的过去时+名词
4.否定形式:主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.例句:She often came to help us in those days.Did they arrive at the hotel yesterday?
I didn't know you were so busy.三、现在进行时
1.概念:现在进行时表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来,也就是用现在进行时表示将来。
2.时间状语:now, at the moment , at the time , today , tonight , this morning , this afternoon , this evening , this week , this month , this year , while , ect.3.基本结构:主语+be+v.-ing〔现在分词〕形式 4.例句: The leaves are turning red.Are they playing football in the playground?
He is not waiting for his brother at all.四、过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他
4.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.Was she reading the book at 12:30?
He wasn't working in his office at that time.五、现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构:主语+have/has +p.p(过去分词)+其他
4.例句:The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.Have they finished their task? He hasn't understood yet.六、过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year(term, month…), etc.until,as soon as
3.基本结构:主语+had + p.p(过去分词)+其他
4.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.Had he watched this film before last Sunday? They hadn't been to Chengdu before the visit.七、一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他;主语+will/shall + do+其他
4.例句:He will phone his aunt tomorrow.Will there be a meeting at school tomorrow? We won't forget your kindness.八、过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:The next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本结构:主语+was/were +going to + do+其他;主语+would/should + do+其他
4.例句:He said he would go home the next day.Did he said that he would come the next week?
She didn't expect that she would be late.
第五篇:初中英语动词八种时态讲解
初中英语动词八种时态讲解
1、一般现在时
主要用于下面几情况:
1)描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
在这种情景中,句子常带有表示频率的时间状语:always , everyday , often , once a week(month , year , etc.), sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如:
They raise ducks as a sideline.他们以养鸭为副业。She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month.她不常给家里写信,仅一月一封而已。
I cycle to work every day.我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here.这儿很少下雨。2)仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
这里的目的是为了“描述现阶段的动作或状态”,其重点“不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态”。例如:
He can speak five foreign languages.他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city.那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
She majors in music.她主修音乐。
All my family love football.我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others.我妹妹总是乐于助人。
3)陈述客观事实、客观真理。
顾名思义,客观的情况是“没有时间概念”的;也“不会在意动作进行的状态”。例如:
The sun rises in the east.日出东方。
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。
Light travels faster than sound.光的速度比声音的速度快。
The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.美国位于太平洋西岸。
4)根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如:
I'll tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job, they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。
用于一般现在时的副词,除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外,常见的还有:now, today , nowadays等等。
2、一般过去时
主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同,只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此,所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。
一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示,也就是说动词词末要加-ed(除不规则动词外)。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有:last night(week , month , year , century , etc.), yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning(afternoon , evening), in 1999 , two hours ago(one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。
使用一般过去时,在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。“过去”的时间概念有两层意思:一是指“现在某个时间”以前的时间;二是指“说话、写文章的那个时间点”以前的时间,在这个意义上,“现在的那个时间点”是很小很小的,甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如:
He got his driving license last month.他上个月拿到了驾照。
--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里?--He just went out.他刚刚出去。
3、一般将来时
主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。它的表示方法主要有如下几种:
1)shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说,动作在现在或目前还未发生,要在将来的某个时间内发生;它没有主观性,是“纯粹的将来动作”。例如:
I shall / will not be free tomorrow.我明天没空。He will arrive here this evening.他今晚抵达这里。2)be(am / is / are)+ going +不定式
这种表示方法主要是说明A)“说话人的意图、打算”;B)“某种可能性”。例如:
A)He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。
Who is going to speak first? 谁先发言? B)It is going to rain soon.马上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集资料吗?
If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place.如果你去新西兰,你会喜欢上那个地方的。
3)be(am / is / are)+ 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况: 按计划安排要发生的动作,这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远; 要求或命令他人做某事。例如:
A)The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.新桥三天后通车。
The factory is to go into production before National Day.这家工厂国庆节前投产。
B)You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room.任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.你妈回来之前你不要出去。
4)用一般现在时或现在进行时(限于某些动词)表示按计划安排要发生的事。这种表示方法实际上已经在上面“一般现在时之4)”中谈过。主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”。例如:
Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下车吗? The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.那架飞机上午十一点起飞。
Mr.Reider is leaving for New York next week.里德先生下周动身去纽约。
4、过去将来时
表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”;而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出,含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子。这个时态常用于: A)宾语从句或间接引语中;B)表示过去习惯性的动作;C)表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”,多用于否定句。例如:
A)When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be.当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么。
She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day.她告诉我,她第二天要去欧洲旅行。
He didn't expect that we would all be there.他没料到我们会全在那儿。
B)During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day.在那段时间,他每天早锻炼。
Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework.无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。
C)No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it.不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。
They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。
Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave.甚至在讲座结束之后,听众仍不肯离去。
5、现在进行时
主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作,或是“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况:
1)“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如: They are having a football match.他们正在赛足球。She is writing her term paper.她正在写学期论文。Someone is asking for you on the phone.有人找你听电话。
2)“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生,而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着,或是重复地发生着。例如:
He is preparing for CET Band Six.他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。
How are you getting along with your new job? 你那份新工作干得怎么样?
3)表示说话人的情感,如:赞许、批评;喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行,而是表示经常性,相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如:
He is always thinking of others , not of himself.(表示赞许)他总是为他人着想,而不为自己。
She is often doing well at school.(表示满意)她在学校学习挺不错的。Are you feeling better today?(表示亲切)你今天觉得好一些吗?
One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不满)我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。
Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us.(表示不喜欢)有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。
4)表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词,如:go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch(吃午饭), return, dine(进餐,尤指晚餐), work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear(穿,戴)等。例如:
I'm dinning out with my friends this evening.今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。
We are having a holiday next Wednesday.下周三我们放假。
Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗?
6、过去进行时
主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作,所以,句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语,词组,或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中: 1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作,例如:
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。
When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候,她正在写一篇文章。
What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么?
2)用于故事的开头,交代故事发生的背景情况。
过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”,所以,在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”,从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如:
One night, he was typing in his study.Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity ….一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……
3)(仅限少数动词)表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如:
When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday.国庆节即将来临的时候,他们开始制订度假计划。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。
My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day.我朋友对我说,他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。
We left there when it's getting dark.天快黑的时候,我们离开了那儿。
7、将来进行时
主要表示:A)在将来某时候正在进行的动作;B)预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作。例如:
A)在将来某时候正在进行的动作:
You can have a meeting in my office on Friday.I won't be using it.星期五你可以在我的办公室开会。那会儿我不用它。
What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么?
It won't be long before that we will be making a new computer for more advanced calculation.不久我们就要造一部新计算器进行更高级的运算。
I can't go to the party tonight.I'll be seeing off a friend.今晚我不能参加聚会了。我要给一位朋友送行。
B)预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作: 在这里,将来进行时与一般将来时很接近,但是前者强调动作“按计划、安排要发生;间或也表示委婉、客气”,而后者只表示“动作会在未来时间发生”。
We shall be meeting at the school gate.我们在校门口见面。
What shall we be doing next ? 我们干什么? If you don't do so , you will be facing great difficulties.你如果不这样做就会面临很大的困难。
Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在这儿呆一会儿,会干扰你们吗?
8、现在完成时
对于初接触现在完成时的人来说,往往会产生一种茫然,因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。那就是,这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。其实不然,现在完成时主要表示,发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续;侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别,就很容易理解现在完成时了。它主要适用于下面的几种情况: 1)表示截止现在业已完成的动作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need.到现在为止,我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。
She has read 150 pages today.她今天已看了150页。We haven't met for many years.我们已多年没见了。They have developed a new product.他们研制成功了一种新产品。
2)表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗?
She has been to the United States.她已去美国了。You have grown much taller.你长高了许多。3)表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能还要延续
It has been five years since he joined the army.他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years.他们已学了八年的英语了。
So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.至今我们还只讨论了前五章。几点注意
1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思,以及它所处的语言环境。例如:
He speaks English.(一般现在时,说明动作发生的经常性。)
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand.(一般过去时,说明动作发生的时间。)
He is speaking English.(现在进行时,说明动作正在进行。)
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.(现在完成时,这里说明动作的总和。)
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.(现在完成进行时,强调动作的连续性。)
2)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时;如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时,那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
例如:I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3)有些动词表示无法持续的动作,它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有:be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be动词若是用于进行时态,可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如:
Tom is being a good boy today.汤姆今天很乖。He is being childish.他这样做是耍孩子气。You are not being modest.你这样说不太谦虚。4)关于现在完成时的时间状语问题.A.凡是“完成时态”都表示,不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里,不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语,如:yesterday , last week(month , year , etc.), two weeks ago , in 1999等;但常和有些副词连用,如: just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B.在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外,ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里,因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间,属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示“以前”的意义,因为它只表示“以前”,而不知什么时候的以前。
C.如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子,不可以和以for表示的“一段时间”的状语连用。在这种情况下,应该用“It has been … ;since…”的句式来表达。如:
He has joined the army for five years.(错误)It has been five years since he joined the army.(正确)
★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中