第一篇:过去完成时态教案
北京慧通文府培黎校区英语教研部
过去完成时态
一、概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或呈现的状态,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)”。
二、构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。
e.g.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning.三、句式:它的否定句是在had后边加not,变一般疑问句是把had提前。
肯定答语:Yes, 主语+had 否定答语:No,主语+hadn’t e.g.I had reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.I had not reached the station before 9:00 o'clock.Had you reached the station before 9:00 o'clock?
Yes, I had.No, I hadn’t.四、用法:
1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。如: When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)
2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如: He told me that he had written a new book.(had written 发生在 told 之前)
3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already,yet,still,just,before,never 等时间副词及 by,before,until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如: Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。如: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.(had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)
五、过去完成时的判断依据
1.由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
(1)by + 过去的时间点。
(2)by the end of + 过去的时间点。(3)before + 过去的时间点。
如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
(1)宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before.(2)状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,第1页,共2页
北京慧通文府培黎校区英语教研部
动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
When I got to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:
Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom.e.g.We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.4.根据上、下文来判定。
e.g.I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.六、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have(has)+ 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:
I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting.对不起,让你久等了。
— Oh, not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
— John returned home yesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。
— Where had he been?
他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”)
七、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:
1.时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来 判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:
She was very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before,after,as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如:
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.I(had)called her before I left the office.第2页,共2页
3.表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本…,未能…”
第二篇:初中英语时态教案
时态教案
先画出时态的时间轴的图,在依次介绍各个时态的含义。
(1)一般现在时:表示习惯性的、客观真理、主语目前的状态或特征等。注意:在时间状语和条件状语从句中,遵守“主将从现”的原则。
时间标志:always/often/usually/seldom/never/every week/twice a week/
(2)一般过去时:A过去的某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语:yesterday/last week/an hour ago/just now/the other day/in 1982/
B表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。时间标志:always/often/
例句:when i was a child, i often played football in street.C 也可与today/this week/this month/this year/表示现在的时间连用,但这些时间必须指过去的时间。不包含此时此刻的含义。Did you see him today?
(3)过去进行时:在过去某个时刻正在进行或发生的动作。
例句:I was reading the book at that time.(过去进行,未读完,“读”的片段);
I read the book yesterday.(过去时、已读完,表整个“读”)。
(4)正在进行时:表示现在(说话的时候)正在发生、现阶段(说话前后一段时间)一直进行或反复发生持续进行的动作。
He is writing another novel.(说话时并没有进行,只是处在写作的状态)he is thinking about this problem these days.#其中表示移动的词:come/go/arrive/leave/start/begin/return/可以用进行时表将来。She told me that she was leaving.She is leaving tomorrow.(对过去进行和现在进行时)
(5)现在完成时:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者动作从过去一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去。注意短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用(begin/lend/join/die/fall/join/kill/stop/等)
(6)、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
一般过去时只表示过去某时发生的动作和状态。现在完成时则强调到目前为止动作的完成和结果,与现在的情况有联系,对现在也有影响。A.刚做过的事,用现在完成时态,当说明或者询问做事的时间、地点时,要用一般过去时。例如he has watched the football match.She watched it last Saturday.她看了那场足球赛,她是上周六看的。
B.have / has been to a place.表示某人曾经去过或者到过某地。have / has gone to a place表示某人说话时已经离开此地,或在去某地的路途中或者已经到了某地。
例如:Frank has gone to Tibet.弗兰克已经去西藏了。Frank has been to Tibet twice.弗兰克已经去过西藏2次了。
(7)、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别:
过去完成时与现在完成时两者的用法基本相同,但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点,而过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点,与现在无关,是过去的过去。
I have finished my homework.(表示说话时作业已经做完了)
By four o’clock, I had finished my homework.初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在语法上的区别:如ie, arrive, come, go, join, leave, buy, begin, get, start, become, borrow 等均为瞬间动词,在现在完成时态中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has joined the army.他参军了。He has been in the army for a year.他参军已经一年了。(换成可以延续的动词)He joined the army a year ago.(用过去时)
(8)一般将来和过去将来时区别:
一般将来:在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,或将来反复经常发生的动作。常与tomorrow、next week/year/等连用。
过去将来:从过去某个时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态,或表示过去的某种习惯。He said that he would finish his work before 9.Be going to /will的区别:
(1)be going to :表强调计划,安排要发生的事或有迹象要发生的事.Look at the dark clouds, I think it is going to rain soon.(2)will:表示主观意愿,未经事先精心计划或打算.可用于各种人称.There is someone at the door.I will go and open it
第三篇:八种时态教案
中考专题复习---动词的八种时态教案
课型:Revision
课前预测:学生对时态有一定的了解基础,但没有系统的归纳联系。教学方法:归纳 互动 自主学习小组合作 板书设计:Keys in PPT.教学目标:
1.对时态进行系统性地自我归纳并熟练运用在各类题型中。
2.掌握各时态的区别点,对有深度的重点作为要点记忆与运用。教学重难点:
1.现在进行时表将来。2.一般现在时表将来
3.短暂性动词与延续性动词在完成时态中的用法。4.各类时态的时间状语 教学过程:
Step 1.通过比喻的手法展示动词的变化形式进行互动。step2.不规则动词的过去式、过去分词的归纳与阅读。step3.通过比喻展示各动词在时态中的运用。
1.一般现在时:条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。2.一般过去时态中often与一般现在时态中的often.3.一般将来时态中用shall we 表征求对方建议。4.表位移的动词用现在进行时表将来。5.现在完成时态中的短暂性与延续性动词用法 6.already与yet区别的视频教学
7.过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时的用法 step4.A match How many flags do you have? step5.A game: Lucky lucky draw Ask the students to enjoy drawing by themselves , then make a sentence with the word they draw.Say them out orally in class.step6.Composition 根据中考作文,展示学生习作进行点评。step7.Summary Make 8 sentences with different tenses and write them down.Step8.Homework A composition of junior high school entrance examination in Jiangxi.教学反思:
本节课将动词比喻为“词才’,与学生“人才”进行一场激烈的PK赛。同时将词才的就职与人才的就职关联起来。化枯燥的语法讲解为生动有趣。各教学环节以比较、归纳为特点,兼顾知识点的广度与深度。通过词的易容术进行互动,通过视频学习already和yet,加深对完成时态的理解,通过幸运大抽奖,增加了课堂的趣味性和学生的口语表达能力,巩固了各种时态的用法。通过学生习作的点评,提高了学生的纠错能力。本设计中的练习贴近中考前沿,为学生的备考打下了坚实的基础。
第四篇:高中英语时态 教案
高中英语教案 时态总结
一、时态的内涵
Tense翻译为时态,包含时间+状态两个方面。
时间的划分:过去,现在,将来 状态的划分:一般,进行,完成
状态——实意动词:
四种形式 例:go, went, gone, going 四种形式各有分工 一般:go, went 进行:going 完成:gone 例: 一般
I go to school every day.I went to school yesterday.进行
we are learning English.I was learning English when you called me yesterday.完成
We have had breakfast.I had had breakfast by 8 this morning.时间——助动词
时助动词(Auxiliary verb)do, be, will, have持续性动作动词动作性动词(dynamic verb)时态态状态性动词(stativeverb)瞬间性动作动词客观状态动词心理状态动词
那接下来又有新的问题了。比如说,现在分词,它只有一种形式,如going ,或者learning, 那我们时间又不一样,有过去进行的,现在进行的,比如刚才的两个例句,we are learning English, 我们用的是 are.I was learning English yesterday when you called me.用的是was.所以我们发现,learning是没有变化的,但前面这个are, was是变化的。它们的变化就把这个时间讲清楚了。而它呢,位于learning实意动词之前的这个,叫助动词。也就是说,be,是个助动词。如果我问be是什么词?很多同学肯定会说be是系动词,其实be又是助动词,又是系动词,这里的be就是助动词。大家该如何理解呢,看这里,一个实意动词,只能把状态讲清楚,但因为一个状态里面,有不同的时间,比如进行,有过去进行,现在进行,和将来进行,而实意动词本身不能把这个时间讲清楚,于是就借助于,求助于,助动词来帮忙,所以这个词就叫做助动词。
那助动词是怎么分配的呢,答案直接告诉大家:一般do,进行时be,完成时 have,将来时 will。通过do,be,have,will不同的形式变化,就把时间给讲清楚了。好,现在造几个句子,你们就有感觉了。
第一句话:我每天都去学校。I go to school every day.我昨天去了学校
I went to school yesterday.好,这是肯定句,那要是否定句呢。我不是每天都去学校。
I don’t go to school every day.是不是加了do这个助动词表达否定概念。
如果说我昨天没去学校,怎么说呢?
I didn’t go to school yesterday.这里有人可能有疑问,问什么肯定句是went,而否定句就是 go,为什么就还原成原形了呢?很多人没有想过这个问题,或者想了没有想明白这个问题。其实很简单,大家想一下,否定句中,这个did not,did是不是就已经表达出过去的意思了?所以go就不需要再重复的来体现一般过去时了。而在肯定句里面,在没有助动词的情况下,只能靠go自己用过去式went来体现它的一般过去这个时间。所以我们只要在一个点上可以体现出来就行了。不需要重复体现它的时间,明白了吗?
这就是为什么否定句、疑问句中用了did之后,后面的动词要还原的原因。因为did已经告诉我们它是个一般过去时了。清楚了吗?
好,到这里,我们总结一下,英语中tense,这个时态,我们要把两个问题讲清楚,一个是时间,一个是状态,我们把时间讲清楚,靠的是助动词,把状态讲清楚,靠的是实意动词四种形式,其中原形和过去式用来表达一般状态,动词的现在分词形式用来表达进行状态,动词的过去分词形式用来表达完成状态,于是时间和状态都讲清楚了,那么时态就讲清楚了。
现在来造几个句子,运用一下上面的知识。
I do homework every day.I do not do homework every day.这两个do词性是一样的吗?
第一个是助动词,只起语法作用,翻译不出来,第二个是实意动词。这两个do叫什么呢,同音同形异义词,把这个概念理解了,你就清楚了。归根结底,这是两个单词,而不是一个单词,只不过长的一样,发音一样。
I have had breakfast I had had breakfast by 8 this morning.现在我们来用这么一个时态造句:现在完成进行时,这算简单句中比较难的一个句子。比如说这样一句话
到现在为止,我学英语已经学了十年了。(并没有结束,还要继续学。)现在完成 have +过去分词 进行 be +现在分词 have/has been + v-ing I have been studying English for ten years
将来完成进行时
I will have been studying English for ten years by the end of this year.过去完成进行时
I had been studying English for ten years by the end of last year.再次总结。规则:时间+状态。
一、十六种时态
时态-Tense状态时间现在present过去past将来future过去将来past future一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时一般过去将来时进行continuous完成perfect完成进行perfect continuous现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时 1.一般现在时 the present tense 2.一般过去时 the past tense 3.一般将来时 the future tense 4.一般过去将来时 the past future tense 5.现在进行时 the present continuous tense 6.过去进行时 the past continuous tense 7.将来进行时 the future continuous tense 8.过去将来进行时 the past future continuous tense 9.现在完成时 the present perfect tense 10.过去完成时 the past perfect tense 11.将来完成时 the future perfect tense
12.过去将来完成时 the past future perfect tense
13.现在完成进行时 the present perfect continuous tense 14.过去完成进行时 the past perfect continuous tense 15.将来完成进行时 the future perfect continuous tense
16.过去将来完成进行时 the past future perfect continuous tense
二、时态的表达:需要借助助动词和实意动词
一般现在:I watch TV everyday.一般过去:I watched TV last night.Be 现在进行:I am watching TV now.过去进行:I was watching TV at eight last night.Will 一般将来:I will watch TV tonight.Have 现在完成:I have watched TV.注意: 1.I watched TV last night.I didn’t watch TV last night.didn’t 已经体现了过去的意思,故watch就变为原形,不必重复体现时间。
2.同音同形异义词 I do homework everyday.I do not do homework everyday.助动词do-只起语法作用,没有实际意义 实意动词do – 实际意义:做
I had had my breakfast by 8 a.m.yesterday.时态-Tense状态一般进行完成完成进行时间现在do / gobe / goinghave / gonehave been / gone过去did / wentwas, were / goinghad / gonehad been / gone将来willwill bewill havewill have been过去将来wouldwould bewould havewould have been
过去将来完成进行时
一、结构形式
过去完成进行时由“would have been+现在分词”构成。
二、用法归纳
过去将来完成进行时表动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。动作是否继续下去,由上下文决定。如:
He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years.他说到了春季学期末,他就学了三年英语了。
I want you thinking of food and wine, because these last years would have been miserable for you.我要你只想吃喝,因为最近几年你的生活够苦的。
在间接引语中,将来完成进行时通常要改为过去将来完成进行时。如: I know by this time next week you’ll have been working here for 30 years.→I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.She will have been teaching in this university for 20 years by this summer.→She told me she’d have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.
第五篇:初中英语八大时态教案
初中英语八大时态一、一般现在时:
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况.2.时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,3.基本结构:主语+动词 原形+宾语 主语+am is are+表语(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(es)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,通常还原行为动词.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词.6.例句:It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.二、一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词.6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.三、现在进行时:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为.2.时间状语:now,at this time,thesedays,etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首.6.例句:How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.四、现在完成时: 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.2.时间状语:recently,lately,since…for…,in the past few years,etc.3.基本结构:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句:have或has提前
6.例句:I've written an article.It has been raining these days.五、一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事.2.时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.4.否定形式:was/were + not;在行为动词前加won't,同时还原行为动词.5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首.6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.六、过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作.2.时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.3.基本结构:was/were+doing 4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首.6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in,I was reading a newspaper.七、过去完成时: 1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”.2.时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month…),etc.3.基本结构:had + done.4.否定形式:had + not + done.5.一般疑问句:had放于句首.6.例句:As soon as we got to the station,the train had left.By the end of last month.We had reviewed four books
八、过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中.2.时间状语:the next day(morning,year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本结构:was/were/going to do;would/should + do.4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首.6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there.