高中英语从句总结(补充语法备课手册)

第一篇：高中英语从句总结(补充语法备课手册)

高中英语从句总结

1）主语从句

1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

（1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。

（2）从属连词whether.如：

Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。

（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever

连接副词 where，when，how，why.如：

What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。

Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。

Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。

解释：

1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：

A.It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

B.It+be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that从句。如：

It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

C.It+be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如：

It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

D.It+seem，happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。

It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

E.It+doesn’t matter（makes no difference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：

It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week？ 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow？ 他们明天不来很要紧吗？

G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：

How strange it is that the children are so quiet！孩子们这么安静真奇怪！

2.注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。

Whoever comes will be welcome.（whoever=the person who）来的人将受到欢迎。

Whatever he did was right.（whatever=the thing that）他所做的事情是正确的。

Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.（whichever=anyone of you who）你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖

2）表语从句

1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

（1）从属连词that.如：

The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

（2）从属连词whether，as，as if.如：

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。

The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：

All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如：

It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。

（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever

连接副词 where，when，how，why.如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

解释：

1.连词because可引导表语从句。如：

I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。

2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：

My suggestion is that we（should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

3）宾语从句

1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句。

3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

（1）从属连词that.如：

He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。

I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。

注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。）

大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。）

对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。）

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

4.We decided，in view of his special circumstances，that we would admit him for a probationary period.（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。）

鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

（2）从属连词if/whether.如：

I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。

I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。

（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever

连接副词 where，when，how，why.如：

Who or what he was，Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。

I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

（1）介词宾语从句

宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。

I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

有时介词可以省略。如：

I don’t care（for）who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。

Be careful（as to）how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。

解释：

1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。

2.作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：

He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。

You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。

介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：

Are you sorry for what you’ve done？

你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？

3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：

I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能确定我该做什么。

I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

4.连词whether（„or not）或if引导的宾语从句

if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：

I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较：

Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。

5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：

I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。

I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

I don’t suppose he cares，does he？ 我想他不在意，是吗？

6.宾语从句的时态变化规律：

（1）当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。

（2）当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。

4）同位语从句

1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact，news，idea，thought，question，reply，report，remark等，关联词多用从属连词that.如：

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come？

你在哪儿听说我不能来？

Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：

I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。

连接代词who，which，what和连接副词where，when，why，how亦可引导同位语从句。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。

It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

解释：

1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别

that引导的同位语从句

that引导的定语从句

句法功能上

that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。

that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。

意义上

从句是被修饰名词的内容。

从句起限定作用，是定语

如：The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位语从句，that不可省。）

李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

The news（that）he told me yesterday is true.（定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。）

他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：

This is our only request that this（should）be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。

（6）不定式的构成 1.不定式的构成

不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。

不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：

主动式 to do

被动式 to be done

完成式to have done /to have been done

进行式 to be doing

完成进行式 to have been doing

1）不定式的一般式

不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：

They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。

He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。

2）不定式的完成式

不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：

She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。

I meant to have told you about it，but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。

3）不定式的进行式

不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如：

It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。

He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。

4）不定式的完成进行式

如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如：

They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。

We are happy to have been helping each other these days.我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。

5）动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如：

Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。

He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。

6）疑问词+动词不定式：

不定式和疑问词whether，what，which，whom，where，when，how，why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell，know，show，decide，learn，wonder，explain，advise，teach，discuss，find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。如：

On hearing the news，he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。

When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。

介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如：

Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。

I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。

5）状语从句

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:

1、时间状语从句

常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner „ than, hardly „when, scarcely „ when

I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园)the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2、地点状语从句

常用引导词:where

特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3、原因状语从句

常用引导词:because, since, as, for

特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much as

My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4、目的状语从句

常用引导词:so that, in order that

特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5、结果状语从句

常用引导词:so that, so„ that, such „ that，特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that，He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn't sleep last night.6、条件状语从句

常用引导词:if, unless，特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that

We'll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7、让步状语从句

常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),no matter „, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He won't listen whatever you may say.8、比较状语从句

常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词:the more „ the more „;just as „, so„;A is to B what /as X is to Y;no „ more than;not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。

9、方式状语从句

常用引导词:as, as if, how

特殊引导词:the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.（定语从句见语法手册）

第二篇：高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

张先红 滁州市 全椒县 古河中学

2013-11-6 21:32:32

高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

我国学生学习英语的环境基本上是一个非母语的环境，目前的学习条件如师资、设备、环境等从总体上说并不令人满意。我并不赞同以往的语法翻译教学法，但一味的淡化语法并不利于学生学好英语。语法好比语言的密码，不懂语法显然是行不通的。高考中写一篇英语作文，这是重视英语语法的考试方法，下面以 定语从句的教学为例谈一下我的具体做法。

一、定语从句的概念及引导词

在（主从）复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

引导定语从句是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词有where,when ,why,在从句中充当状语。

二、定语从句的基本类型

1、限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句一般紧挨先行词，主从复合句之间关系密切，不能用逗号隔开，通常译为一个句子。

e.g.Do you know the girl who is in red? I am the only person who was praised at the meeting.2、非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，主从复合句之间关系不很密切，一般可译为两个句子，如果将从句身省去，主句意思仍然清楚。

e.g.He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry.Jack flew to Beijing yesterday,where a conference will be held.三、定语从句使用中的注意事项

1、which 与 that之区别

关系代词that既指人又指物，which只指物，指物时，两者有时可换用，有时则不能换用。

（1）指人或指物只能用 that 的情况 1)当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing„„不定代词时。

e.g.All that can be done has been done.The thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the policeman.2)先行词既指人又指物时

e.g.He spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen abroad.3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时

e.g.This is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever had.The first lesson that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still unforgettable.4)先行词被the very, the only, the last, any,every修饰时

e.g.This is the very book(that)I’m looking for.5）先行词是疑问词who,what,which时

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it.What that is on the table belongs to me.6)关系代词在从句中做表语时

e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情况

1）定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时

e.g.She added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled soup.2)先行词在从句中做介词宾语且介词前置时

e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2、as与which

(1)as和which都能引导非限定性从句代表整个句子的内容，as

引导的从句可为于句首、句中或句末，而which引导的定语从句却只能位于句末。

e.g.As is known to all ,China is a developing country.Jack, as is know ,is a film director.Crusoe went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如„..那样”之意，而which则不含此意。

e.g.He didn’t give us a hand , as had been expected.(3)as在限定性定语从句中多与such, the same,连用，构成such„..as„, the same„.as„形式。

e.g.Such a film as you deseribed should not be shown at all.He told me the story as was told the other day.3、关系代词或关系副词之确定

是用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句，不是取决于先行词，而是看定语从句中需要什么成分，如果需要主语、宾语、表语、定语就用关系代词，如果需要状语就要用关系副词。

e.g.We visited the village which that is famous for its scenery yesterday.The day thatwhich we spent together on the island is pleasant.4、几种特殊形式的非限制性定语从句

（1）n.pron.num.+of+whomwhich e.g.The old couple have five children,three of whom are farmers.There are many apples in the basket,most of which are red ones.I bought a book yesterday ,the cover of which is well designed.(2)介词短语+whomwhich e.g.He lives in a village,in front of which flows a brook.There are 3 students in the picture,in the middle of whom is my brother.总之，在日常教学中，加强英语语法教学是非常必要的，对语法中的基础知识要求学生牢固掌握。

第三篇：高中英语《定语从句》语法教案

定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常 出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是充当人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that 代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。

例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，等同于of which）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

（对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，而the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could

主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送来了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。

2）who= the person that

whoever= anyone who。例如：

（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。

（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。

3）that 和 what

当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。

What we need is more practice.我们需要的是更多的实践。

18.9 关系代词that 的用法

1）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

1、先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时

eg.This is the first job that I have taken up.This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.

4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。

例如：Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。

5、先行词为that时

例如：The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。

第四篇：(新概念英语)高中英语 第二册 语法总结 名词性从句表语从句

新概念英语第二册语法总结：名词性从句（2）表语从句

（二）表语从句：在复合句中充当表语。

1.that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。The fact is that he is lying.The odds are that he will not do it.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。Our belief is that things will improve.The trouble is that we are short of money.2.whether引导表语从句（不可用if)。

His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet.The question is whether people will buy it.3.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which引导的表语从句。This is what I want.The question is who can be chosen to be manager of the company.My question is which of them is better.4.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的表语从句。

The problem seemed how we could make him understand it.The question is where we should go.5.as if, as though引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）。He looks as if he were angry.It looks as if it's going to rain.专项训练：

1.The question is ______ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether

2．The reason why he failed is ______ he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of

3.Go and get your coat.It's ______ you left it.A.where B.there C.there where D.where there

4．The problem is ______ to take the place of Ted

A.who can we get B.what we can get C.who we can get D.that we can get

5.What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填

6.The reason is ______I missed the bus.A.that B.when C.why D.what

7.That is ______ we were late last time.A.that B.when C.why D.what

8.She looked ______ she were ten years younger.A.that B.like C.as D.as though

9.--I fell sick!

--I think it is ______ you are doing too much.A.why B.when C.what D.because

10.The reason why he hasn’t come is ______.A.because his mother is ill B.because of his mother’s being ill C.that his mother is ill D.for his mother is ill

11.--He was born here.--That is ______ he likes the place so much.A.that B.what C.why D.how

12.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.A.what B.where C.that D.why

KEYS

1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B

第五篇：高中英语常用语法

常用语法

一：时态：所谓的“时态”，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式

过去 现在 将来 过去将来

一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气

完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 2．被动形式

过去 现在 将来 过去将来

一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /

一．非谓语动词 一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do

表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了”这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作）

? 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good;It feels comfortable.2)使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‗d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn‘t have to be made to learn.3)help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do.be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do.begin to do.start to do

五)有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom(oneself)to;be accustomed to;face up to;in addition to;look forward to;object to;be reduced to;resign oneself to;be resigned to;resort to;sink to;be used to;be alternative to;be close/closeness to;be dedication/dedicated to;be opposition/opposed to;be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs(a lot of)encouraging.二.动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 1)是名词 seeing is believing 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.一)动名词的形式: 一般形式：I don't like you smoking.完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式：This question is far from being settled.二)动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）I regret not having taken your advice.4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;it entails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feel like;finish;forgive;can't help;hinder;imagine;it involves;keep;it means;mention;mind;miss;it necessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's no good;it's no/little/hardly any/ use;it's not/hardly/scarcely use;it's worthwhile;spend money/time;there's no;there's no point in;there's nothing worse than;what's the use/point...5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来的动作)I remembered posting/having posting the letters(我记得这个动作)forgot与remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.[打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.[意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法： 我宁愿在这里等。

I prefer to wait here.（所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。）

I prefer swimming to cycling.（这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）分词：

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 现在分词的形式: 1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）?(与谓语动词同步发生)2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed.(发生谓语动词之前)3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.(发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)过去分词

1)过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(强调正在被做)这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟三：虚拟语气

情态动词所表达的可能性程度：must/can't ? should/shouldn't ? might/may(not)另外两个“类情态词的形式：”need/needn't;have to/don't have to ? 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。这时“虚拟语气”的产生往往是因为我们要表达“本来应该……”（而现在却还没有……）（本来可以……，本来能……）

I should go!(… but I'm still here!)(一般)I should be working now!(进行)I should have practiced more(than I did)!(完成)我应该多多练习！（言下之意，现在我练习得不多。）

I shouldn't dream away my time too much!(完成的否定)(actually I did dream away my time too much!)It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time!(完成进行)I may/might/could have finished!(完成)一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉 o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;o require, request;o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.由于他们的含义中包含“建议，假设，应该”这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形： 主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

It's suggested that… My suggestion is that… The only suggestion that...The only suggestion I can give you now is that… 一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况

important;necessary;essential It's natural;strange;incredible that a pity;a shame;no wonder ? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should ? 表达与事实相反

1.与现在相反：使用[过去时]：

I wish I were not here!(一般现在?一般过去)Suppose we were not here.He loved me as if I were his own son.(一般现在?一般过去)Hope I weren't always losing things!(现在进行?过去进行)If only/If I hadn't been there!(现在完成?过去完成)What if I hadn't been waiting right here!(现在完成进行?过去完成进行)常考句型：It's(high)time(that)…;would rather(that)…

这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。2.与过去相反：过去完成时；

How nice it is if I had past the test!How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!3.与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测。

If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to stay one day more.不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。? 虚拟条件句

o if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）；

o 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/may。

o 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。

? 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。? 隐含的非真实条件

What would you do with 50 thousand dollar? How could I be happy without you? 除了条件状语从句之外，原因状语从句也会出现虚拟语气。

o 由in order that, so that引起的从句，肯定的时候可以使用may/might;can/could;否定的时候，多用shouldn't;o whoever, whatever, no matter what引起的从句中，多用may+

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

一、用―情态动词＋have ＋done‖结构表示对过去动作的推测

常见的结构有： must have done：

表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作―一定做了……‖，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can‘t／couldn‘t have done?

疑问式为Can／Could...have done﹖。

could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作―可能做了……‖。如：

1)My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ? A． couldn‘t have attended B． needn‘t have attended C． mustn‘t have attended D． shouldn‘t have attended 本题选A。

2)Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． A． mustn‘t have arrived B． shouldn‘t have arrived C． can‘t have arrived

D． need not have arrived（C）

2．当前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助―but, however, instead‖等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这种结构常见的有：

should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

need have done：表示过去本来有必要去做某事，但事实上没有做。

need not have done：表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。如：

3)I was really anxious about you． You ＿＿＿＿＿ home without a word．

A． mustn‘t leave B． shouldn‘t have left C． couldn‘t have left D． needn‘t leave ―本不应该离家出走却走了‖，故本题选B。

4)I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿＿ for her．

A． had to write it out

B． must have written it out

C． should have written it out D． ought to write it out 由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、情态动词基本用法。

5)—Is John coming by train﹖

—He should, but he ＿＿＿＿＿＿ not． He likes driving his car．

A． must B． can C． need D． may mustn‘t 表示―禁止、不准‖；cannot 表示―不可能‖；need not 表示―不必要‖；may not 表示―可能不‖。分析语境可知本题应选D。

6)—I hear you‘ve got a set of valuable Australian coins． ＿＿＿＿＿＿ I have a look﹖

—Yes, certainly．

A． Do B． May C． Shall D． Should 分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可，may表示―允许、可以‖，语气比较委婉。shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示，如果此空用shall，则意为―要（我）看一下吗？‖，不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。

7)Mr Bush is on time for everything． How ＿＿＿＿ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony﹖

A． can B． should C． may D． must

must be 表示肯定的猜测，只能用于肯定句中，由题意可知本题应选A。

8)—Are you coming to Jeff‘s party﹖

—I‘m not sure． I ＿＿＿＿ go to the concert instead． A． must B． would C． should D． might 由题意和下句中的 ―I‘m not sure‖

可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测，might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断，故本题选D。又如： I should have been there, but I ＿＿＿＿＿ not find the time．

A． would B． could C． might D． should 分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力；C 项只表示语气上的可能性，与题意不符。故本题选B。

9)Johnny, you ＿＿＿＿ play with the knife, you ＿＿＿＿ hurt yourself．

A． won‘t;can‘t B． mustn‘t;may

C． shouldn‘t;must D． can‘t;shouldn‘t

mustn‘t 表示―不可以；禁止‖，分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性，故本题选B。

10)—Will you stay for lunch﹖

—Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿＿． My brother is coming to see me． A． I mustn‘t B． I can‘t C． I needn‘t D． I won‘t

分析题意可知因为―我弟弟要来看我‖，所以―不能留下‖，因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示―禁止‖；C项表示―不必要‖；而D项表示―不会‖，均不符合题意。故本题选B。又如：

—Could I borrow your dictionary﹖ —Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿．

A． might B． will C． can D． should(C)

11)—When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．

—They ＿＿＿＿＿ be ready by 12?00．

A． can B． should C． might D． need 该题考查情态动词should的基本含义，分析句意可知本题应选B。又如：

12)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿＿ get out．（A． had to B． would C． could D． was able to 该题考查了could和be able to的区别，二者都可表示过去时间的能力，但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was ／ were able to do，故本题选D。13)—Shall I tell John about it ﹖

—No, you ＿＿＿＿＿． I‘ve told him already．

A． needn‘t B． wouldn‘t C． mustn‘t D． shouldn‘t

情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 ―没有必要了‖，故本题选A 三、一致关系 一)主谓一致

1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关）

1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致：

3随前一致：

n.+ together with n2

as well as

including

along with with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则：n1 or n

2+v（就近原则）

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.类似的还有：law and order bread and butter black and white

To love and to be loved is … A lawyer and a teacher are… A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+ percent of+n1+v.（由n1决定）8倒装结构的主谓一致：

a）There be +n 由名词决定动词

b）Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：

Among / Between …+系动词+n.（由名词决定动词）

9The+adj的主谓一致：

a）当表示―一类人‖，b）当表示某一抽象概念时 The good is always attractive.10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n many a +n.a day or two

二)、倒装 1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。2)表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。注意：1)上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes.Away they went.2)谓语动词是be的时候，不能倒装。Here it is.Here you are.3）形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，引起倒装

*typical of

characteristic of *coinciding with + n

4）表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为系动词，一定引起倒装

In…（表语）+系动词+主，主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装：among between in at beneath 常考的系动词：be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒装：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1）not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装，not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2）only+状语位于句首

only +ad.eg: recently

prep.短短语

eg: in recently years 从句

eg: when clause only一个词本身不倒装

3）在比较级结构中，than后面可以倒装，也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

? 1)Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，产生倒装，一般主动词提前，谓语动词的其他部分就

4)as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提

前）。

as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud.他虽成功，却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意：A)句首名词不能带任何冠词。B)句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。5)其他部分倒装

a)so… that 句型中的so;such… that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.b)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.c)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.四、复合句 从句可分为：

? 名词性从句? 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 ? 形容词性从句?定语从句 ? 副词性从句?状语从句

? 常考的关系代词：that;which;who/whom/whose;where;when;what;as。

? 常见的同位语从句现行词（that之前的抽象名词）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding… ? 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句：while;when;before;whenever;as;after;till;until;since;once;ever since;as/so long as;as soon as;no sooner… than;hardly… when;scarcely/barely… when;the moment/minute/instant;on(the point of)doing… o 地点状语从句：where;wherever o 原因状语从句：because;since;as;seeing that;considering that;now that;in that;for fear that;lest;owing to the fact that;because of the fact that;due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句：as;as if;as though;how;save that…

o 比较状语从句：as;than;as… as;not so… as;hardly… than;o 结果状语从句：so that;so… that;such… that;so as to…

o 条件状语从句：if;unless;in case;so long as;so far as;provided/providing/that;supposing;granted/granting that…;giving that….o 让步状语从句：though;although;even if;even though;whether;as;however;no matter(what, how, when);for all that;in spite of the fact that;granted that;regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句：that;so that;in order that;lest;for the fear that;in case… 定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1）which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语 2）in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语

3）名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词 I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.4）介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。The key with which to open the door is lost.5）定语从句的省略结构：

1． 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt →s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that / which，则动词为vt，做谓语。

6）定从的特殊省略

the way(in which)+ 句子

the reason(why that)+句子 均为完整句

the time(that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time(that省)I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.By the time省that+句子，句子。

7）定从的主系省略（主+系可同时省）

即：which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件：

第一、特定的状语从句引导词：although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致；

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词，主语和be动词同进同出