第一篇：3高考英语应对策略与基础写作指导(说明利弊题型)
高考英语应对策略与基础写作指导
浙江省温州市龙湾区教师发展中心 卢晓江
第三讲 议论文：说明利弊题型
一、题型特点
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
１、说明事物现状
２、事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３、你对现状（或前景）的看法
二、利弊题型作文模版
Nowadays many people prefer------------------Ａ（事物现状）because it has an important role in our daily life.Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)． Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．
三、实例演练
面对当前中学生“出国热”，请你以此为题，谈谈中学生出国留学的利与弊。（可以从以下几方面考虑，但不一定要面面俱到：年龄、生活经验、自理能力、生活学习费用、语言学习环境、传播民族文化、学习国外先进科学技术。字数：100—120个）
四、模板参考范文
Nowadays many middle school students prefer studying abroad because it has an important role in our daily life.Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows.First it gives us a good surroundings for language study.Second we can learn foreign advanced science and technology.Besides we can also spread our national culture to foreign countries.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that middle school students are too young to care of themselves and that they are lack of life experience.To make matters worse,the cost for life and study is too high． Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to go abroad for my further education．
五、高分参考范文
Studying abroad in recent years has been popular.More and more students leave their own country to go abroad for their further education.They say that they can develop better with advanced facilities and teaching methods in those modern schools.By communicating with foreign students or staying a long time with them, a profitable experience is available to them.By the time they come back home, they are supposed to have a great advantage over the students at home in many ways.I quite agree with what they say.But one fact I’d like to remind them of is that quite a number of overseas students are disappointed as they can’t obtain what they hope for, let alone success.When they are abroad, they are helpless and have to be independent, which is quite contrary to what it is at home.They lack independence, can’t even tell right and wrong apart, and as a result some of them even commit crimes.Therefore, whether it is good or not to study abroad depends on the individual.So take more factors into careful consideration.
第二篇：广东高考英语卷基础写作指导
广东高考英语卷基础写作指导（系列1）
第一讲 记叙文：如何写人
一、写作指导
高考英语基础写作中的写人侧重人物的介绍，可以用第一人称(如写求职信)，也可以用第三人称，时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题：
1．人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语基础写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。
2．对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在，比如求职要重点突出学历、经历，新闻报道要重点突出事迹，介绍自己的老师、朋友要突出他们的特点，等等。
3．正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。
4．注意运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹常用一般过去时。
二、常用词语
外貌特征：
beautiful, big nose, black eyes，fat, good-looking，handsome, healthy, near-sighted，ordinary-looking，pretty，short，strong, tall，thin, with a big nose, with a big smile, white-haired，1.80 metres tall, etc.性格特点：
absent-minded, attractive，bad-tempered，be ready to help others, bright，charming，confident, diligent，friendly, generous, have a good temper, humorous，independent, kind, kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded, naughty，patient，think of others, smart，talkative，warm-hearted，wise，etc.出生年龄：
a twenty-five-year-old young man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 20, be born on February 12th, 1987 , during his childhood, in one's fifties, live a happy/ hard life, spend his childhood in the countryside, the son of a poor family, when he was a small boy, etc.兴趣爱好：
be angry with sb for sth, be angry about, be delighted in doing, be good at singing, be interested in English, be fond of music, be crazy about, be pleased with, be sick for, be sorry for, be strict in one's work, be worried about, do well in his research work, ,enjoy doing, expect to do, feel surprised at, have a strong desire to do, look forward to doing sth., long for(long to do), make rapid progress in, put one's heart into, take a pleasure in doing;wish to do, work hard at his studies, etc.教育背景：
be admitted to Beijing University, be enrolled in, fail in the test，a master's degree, get on well with one's lessons, give sb.a passing grade,，go abroad to further one's study, graduate from Physics Department of Qinghua University, his father was very strict with him, lay a good foundation in English, major in history, receive a doctor's degree, pass the examination, study hard at, take several courses at school, take an active part in classwhen at college, etc.经历事迹：
become a member of the team, concentrate oneself to doing sth., devote oneself to one's business, do sth with great determination and perseverance, do research into this field, encourage sb to do sth, fight for our revolutionary course, give up one's life for sth, have a good way of doing sth, have a talent for language, make up one's mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, receive the Nobel Prize for physics, serve as nurse, set a new world record of 110 metre hurdling, try one's best to do sth., win the first prize in the competition, win a gold /silver/ bronze medal, etc.他人评价：
an inspiring leader, a model worker, an advanced teacher, be respected by all his students, be honored as, be considered as, be famous/known as, be regarded as, his hard work brought him great success, make great contributions to our country, one of the most important persons in the past ten years, consider sb.as a genius, consider sb.as the greatest leader, set a good example for all of us, speak highly of him, etc.参考范文：
Dear Manager，I am writing you a letter in order to apply for a position in your company.My name is Li Hua and I was born in Foshan City of Guangdong Province in August 1981.I studied in Foshan No.1 Middle School from 1994-2000, and then I came to study in the Computer Department of Guangzhou University for four years.I studiedcomputer science, Chinese, maths, English, P.E,and now I am working for a computer company.I like pop music and swimming very much, and I once won the first prize for swimming in the school competition.I am waiting for your reply.Thank you
Yours Truely
Li Hua
参考例文：
Hi, everyone.I would like to introduce two famous sport stars, Yao Ming and Liu Xiang.Yao Ming, born in Shanghai in 1980, is a world famous basketball player.He is now one of the best players in Team Rocket in NBA, and he has been in All-Star Team for several times.Liu Xiang, who was also born in Shanghai but three years younger than Yao Ming, is a world champion in the 110-metre hurdls.He won the first prize in the Athens Olympic Games and broke the world record soon after that.Both of them love music, but Yao Ming likes listening to pop music while Liu Xiang likes singing.参考范文
1.Li Ming, the monitor of Class 1 Grade 2, is healthy and lively.She does well in all her subjects, and she is fond of sports, singing and dancing.When she came to school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language, but with great efforts she made a lot of progress in her English language study.In 2006 she took part in the National Physics Olympic Competition and won the first prize.Li Ming is very strict with herself in her work and daily life,and is always ready to help other people.2．请根据下面的英文短诗，展开适当的想象，写一篇短文。标题为：My Teacher Mr.Moore
There's a teacher Mr.Moore.Who is lovely and thirty-four.Always encouraging us to try.He leads us to a world of “why”.We all admire him more and more.要求：1.不得照抄短诗原文。
2.必须突出短诗的主题，结构完整，语意连贯。3.短文不能写成诗歌形式。
4.只能使用价值个句子表达全部的内容。
广东高考英语卷基础写作指导（系列2）
高考英语基础写作指导(II)
第二讲 记叙文：如何叙事？
一、写作指导
叙事类记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等六个要素交代清楚。好的记叙文具有描述事件具体、人物逼真形象、故事生动感人、材料表现中心和写作主旨明确等特征。高考英语基础写作中的叙事类短文也需要具有记叙文写作的一般特点，但要求相对比较低，其考查重点在语言运用正确、句子连贯通顺、信息点表述完整等方面。写作时要注意以下几个方面的问题：
1.严格按照基础写作的要求完成各个信息点，不要为了文章的生动而随意添加信息。
2.信息点的表述不要完全按照题目所给的顺序，要适当重组信息点。
3.记叙文写作的时态多数是用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其它时态。
4.叙事类记叙文的话题通常和中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，平时要注意积累这些方面的词汇和短语。
二、常用语句
1.表达时间
a long time ago, at six o'clock in the morning, at the end of, at the weekend, before he came here, by the end of last term, during the summer holidays, in a few years' time, in the past, in the old days, in the past ten years, in August 2002, in winter vacation, in weekdays, last month, next week, on Sunday morning, on October 1st, since early in the 20th century, so far, up to now, not...until, while , etc.2.表达地点
at the crossing, at the end of the street, at the airport, at the village, at the foot of the mountain, at the bottom, at the top of, be located in, behind the park, be situated in, five kilometers to the north of Guangzhou, in the south of Guangdong Province, in the middle of the park, in Class 3 Grade 2, in the front of the bus, in front of the bus, in the tree, in Guangdong, in China, lies to the west of Sichuan, onthe other side of the street, on both sides of the road,on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean ,on the right, etc.3.表达因果
as, as a result, because, because of, for, in the end, cause, result in, consequently, originate from, since, so, therefore, It is clear that..., It turns out to be..., The primary reason is..., etc.4.事件话题
(1)学校生活及学习成绩
be active in class, be interested in, be interesting to sb., be fond of, be good at ,be poor at , be tired of one's work, be weak in, do one's homework, do sports after school,do well in;education for all-round development(素质教育), examination-oriented education system(应试教育), fail in the test, get a doctor's degree, get on well with English, get an “A” in the exam, get 90 marks for English, give sb.a passing grade, have a good command of the language, have eight classes every day, help with each other, lay a good foundation in, learn...by heart, major in history, make friends with sb., make progress in, put one's heart into, pass the examination, study in groups, succeed in doing sth., take an active part in the activity,take several courses at school, work out a problem, work on a maths problem , work hard at, etc.(2)师生关系及其活动
be friendly to sb., be kind to sb, be a strict teacher, be strict with one's pupils, be strict in one's work, be satisfied with , blame sb.for sth, correct the students' homework carefully, devote all one's time to work, form a good habit of, get on wellwith sb, give advice on, give sb a lot of work , help sb with sth, make one's lessonslively and interesting, praise sb for sth., prepare for tomorrow's lesson, question sb on, teach sb.English , teach sb how to do sth., etc.(3)课余活动及周末生活
do some reading, enjoy a family trip, enjoy doing sth., go swimming, go for an outing, go to the cinema, have an outing at the seashore, have a swim, have dances on weekends, have a picnic at the weekend, have a party, hold a sports meeting, Internet bar, net friend, online love affair(网恋), play the piano, play chess(basketball), see the sights of Beijing, spend one's time in many different ways, teach in a family, etc.(4)交通情况
a big traffic jam, a traffic accident, be very crowded in the street, be seriously injured, by bus(train / ship / boat), drive a car, flight No.2130, in a small boat, give sb.a lift, keep right, lie on the street, meet sb.at the station, on the bus(train),on board, on one's way to London, on the journey, one way only , pick up sb., ride a bike, ride a horse , see sb.off at the airport, self-service ticket , take a flight to New York, traffic light, travel through China, turn right, etc.(5)度假旅游
New Year's Day, Women's Day, May Day, Youth Day, Children's Day, Teachers' Day, Mid-Autumn Day, National Day, valentine's Day, the Spring Festival, a hot spot, a place of interest, a tourist destination, a five-star hotel, a good restaurant, a return ticket, a single ticket, a city with a long history, a quiet village, a three-day tour, an experienced guide, Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, beautiful scenery, in peak tourist seasons, natural attraction, on one's way to France, on the back way , one of the great wonders of the world, spend one's holidays on the sea , the 11th Asian Games, travel agency, the tour route, the inner-ring road, travel to England, the Great Wall , the Summer Place , Zhongshan Park , etc.(6)环境保护
a good environment, area pollution, air pollution, air quality standard, Antarctic Circle, atmospheric chemistry, a heavy rain, a heavy snow, be polluted, be hot, be cold, be cool, be cloudy, be rainy, be sunny, be flooded, climate, carbon dioxide(CO2), chemical change, chemical cleaning of coal, climate change, dirty, drought, dry, flood, early warning system, environmental behavior, environmental quality, feel comfortable, global warming, minus 20 degrees centigrade(-20°), 30 degrees above zero(30°)，sea level, warning center, wastes, water surface , water treatment, water pollution control, weather, windstorm , etc.三、典型例文
参考范文：
Dear Jane，I am very glad to tell you something about our school, Guangdong No.3 Middle school.It lies in a small town about 15 kilometres away from the sea and it has a history of over 80 years.Our school, covering an area of nearly 150 thousand square meters, has more than 200 teachers and 3000 senior students It has three teaching buildings and six dormitory buildings, with many flowers and tall trees all around, so it's very beautiful.In our school we learn Chinese, maths, science, English, computer,PE, arts and some other subjects.We warmly welcome you to visit our school in the summer holidays.Best wishes.Yours sincerely，Li Hua
参考范文：
A brief Introduction of the Chinese Spring Festival
The Chinese Spring Festival comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year, which is usually in February.There is a name for each year, such as the dog, the monkey, the tiger or one of the twelve animals, and this year is the year of the pig.Before the New Year's Day, the Chinese people usually give their houses a good cleaning and on the last evening of the old year, all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal.On the first or second day of the new year, peopleusually go to visit their relatives and friends and give some lucky money to children.I wish you have a good time during the Spring Festival.参考范文
1.On July 27th 2007, Friday, we 18 classmates, including John from Britain, Sinba from India and Keith from the USA, went to Lee Farm to help the farmers.We started off at 8 o'clock in the morning, and after an hour's ride on the bus, we walked for another 15 minutes.Lee Farm is about 60 kilometres northwest to our school.A few days ago it was hit by a strong tornado, and many apples were blown onto the ground, so we helped to pick up the apples and put the good ones in the baskets.We felt very tired after the work, but all of us thought it was a great help to the farmers.2.Last Wednesday I gave a lecture about China's culture and history to the 7th students from 9-11:30 in the morning.This is the first time I gave a lesson, so I felt very nervous and great pressure.I presented for one and a half hours, introducing from the dynasties in ancient times to the revolutionary in recent times, but I spent a lot more time on present China, the renovation, the open policy and the economic development.In the following hour we exchanged ideas and had a good discussion, but I was sorry to find that they knew little about China and raised a lot of strange questions.I think we need more cultural exchange of this kind, because we can get more practice and the foreign students can understand more about China.广东高考英语卷基础写作指导（系列3）第三讲 如何写图表类说明文
一、写作指导
图表类作文一直是高考的热点，其体裁可以是记叙文、议论文或说明文。本篇介绍如何备考图表类说明文。
图表类说明文要求根据图示、表格等所给的信息，通过定义、描述、数字对比和分类比较等方式，介绍图表所显示对象的特征，如形状、构造、性质、变化、功能、因果和方位等。图表类说明文常见的话题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、观点对比、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。写作这类文章需注意以下几点：
1． 正确解读表格，不能添加或遗漏信息。
2． 写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。
3． 说明文的语言要简练，用词要准确，避免夸张华丽的辞藻。
4． 时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语态，有时用虚拟语气。
二、常用句型
1.介绍产品
The company has modern equipment and lots of senior experts.This kind of product contains much top and new technique.It's convenient to carry and easy to operate.It's about six feet long and nine feet high.It cost me 100 yuan to buy this dictionary.2.介绍学校
There were many subjects in our school, such as Chinese, history, drawing and so forth.Our school is located at the foot of a green hill.In the middle of the flower bed there is a fountain with many colored flowers around it.In front of the school is a beautiful garden with a library on its left and a laboratory on its right.At the back of the school are the students' dormitory and the dinning-hall, in front of which lies the large sports field.The teacher's dormitory stands between the teaching building and the students' dormitory.3． 行路指引
It is not very difficult to find your way from the Dongfang Hotel to the railway station.When you get out of the station, turn left and walk down the street until you see the traffic lights.Turn right at the third turning, and you will see a post office at the corner.Go eastward and you will see the museum opposite to the library.Bus No.2 will take you right there.It will take you about 10 minutes to get there by subway.4． 介绍地方
Tiananmen Square, the largest square in the world, covers an area of one million square metres.Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, lies in the south of China.It has an area of 10,000 square kilometers with a population of over 2 million.It is rich in natural sources, such as coal, oil and gold.The weather is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.Built in the18th century, the tower has witnessed too much coming and going in history.5． 新旧对比
Our hometown used to be a beautiful place, with thick trees and green grass everywhere.Nowadays some students cannot go to college because of high tuition fees.Great changes have taken place in the past few years.It is known to us all that the living standard of the Chinese people has greatly improved.In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in the past.6． 数量表达
Output is up 30% last year.Unemployment more than doubled in 1996.The population here is increasing year by year.According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.From the table we can see that the world population is increasing rapidly.The latest survey shows that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provides them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.Statistics show a 20% rise(reduction)in traffic accidents compared with last year.Bicycle can't be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.三、实例分析
【例文1】父母为子女选择小学的情况调查
最近学校研究性学习小组对3000多名年轻的父母做了一个调查，调查主题、结果等内容如下表所示，请用英文给校英文广播站写一篇简介，介绍调查的情况。
写作要求：
1． 简介必须包括图表所给的全部内容；
2． 只能使用5个句子。
参考范文：
Recently a survey was done to investigate what parents care most in choosing primary schools.The survey shows that location is the key factor in choosing schools for their children-half of those interviewed said that being close to their homes was the most important factor in their choice.Teaching quality came second, with nearly 40% of the parents worrying about their children's future career.The survey also shows that one-tenth of them expect that schools have advanced facilities.More than 3,000 parents were surveyed in the research.【例文 2】楼盘介绍
假设暑假你到某楼盘打工，正好有几名外国客人想买一套公寓楼，公寓楼及其周边的一些基本信息如下。请书面用英文向这几位客人介绍一下这套公寓楼。
写作要求：
1． 简介必须包括图表所给的全部内容；
2． 只能使用5个句子。
3． 参考词汇：公寓楼 apartment 公寓单间 flat
参考范文：
The flat has 110 square metres, with one sitting-room, three bedrooms, one bathroom and one kitchen.Facing south, it is quite bright in the rooms at daytime.Not far away from the apartment there is a supermarket, a clinic, a kindergarten and a bus-stop.The bus can access the subway directly.The price for the flat is about 6000RMB per square metre.四、即时训练
【练习1】简介我国高等教育的发展情况
假设你在政府部门见习，请根据以下图标的信息，向几位到访外国客人询问你所在城市的教育发Z展情况。
写作要求：
1． 简介必须包括图标所给的全部内容；
2． 只能使用5个句子。
3． 参考词汇：打基础 lay foundation
改革开放 reform and opening up 【练习2】中学生使用媒体情况调查
假设你参加了一个网上国际中学生调查项目，调查13－20岁的年青人每周使用媒体的时间情况。请根据下面的图表信息，用英文写一篇简介。
写作要求：
1． 简介必须包括图标所给的全部内容；
2． 只能使用5个句子。
参考范文
练习1
As we can see from the chart, our city's education is developing very fast.There were only about one thousand students when New China was founded in 1949, and ten thousand in 1978, while the number reached eighty thousand in 2007.Several factors have contributed to the quick development.Firstly, the rapid economic development in our city, especially during the thirty years of reform and opening up, has laid a sound foundation.Secondly, the government has been trying hard to encourage the development of education, and thirdly, most people have begun to realize the importance of education.练习2
Recently we did a surway about media consumption by teens and young adults in their spare time.According to the research, teens and young adults consume many different types of media, but the Internet surpasses them all in the amount of time spent.Most of the students spend ten hours in an average week, and watching TV comes second, with five hours.The other ways of time spent are as follows: four hours reading newspapers and magazines, three hours talking on the phone and two hours listening to the radio.It's a pity that they only spend one hour in reviewing textbooks in their free time.??
第三篇：09年高考语文作文题型应对策略 教案
09年高考语文作文题型应对策略
为了扎实有效地搞好作文复习备考,我们就几种常考题型加以具体分析并给以写作指导,希望考生能够从中获得启迪。
一、关系型话题作文
关系型话题作文是近年考试的热点。2004年全国十五套考题就有十套是考关系型话题,2005年全国十六套考题又有近一半是关系型话题作文,今后几年还可能会考及。
写好关系型话题作文要注意以下几点:
整体把握
首先对话题题干及对话题核心词的把握要有整体意识,要分析出彼此间的紧密联系。比如面对多个核心词的关系型话题作文,考生必须具有整体把握各个核心词及其彼此关系的能力,丢掉任何一个核心词,或忽略了彼此之间的关系,写出来的作文都难以切合题意,甚至偏离题意。如2005年高考全国卷Ⅲ要求以“忘记与铭记”为话题写作,有的考生只抓住了“忘记”一词,全文阐述了该忘记什么,为什么要忘记等,其内容仅仅涉及了话题中的“忘记”一词;有的考生只抓住“铭记”一词,大谈人类应该记住什么,为什么要记住等。
其次对“关系”的把握要有统领主线,要有能够统领全文的清晰鲜明的观点。要做到这一点,必须首先找出这几个词语间的多种内在联系,并形成相应的观点,在此基础上筛选出一种自己最有把握阐述清楚的观点,围绕这一观点回忆相关的人、事、景、物、理等多方面内容,从中选出最贴切的内容作为统领所有核心词的主线,然后围绕这一主线展开记叙或论述,写出来的文章才会切合题意。还以“忘记与铭记”话题为例,“忘”是为了什么,“不忘”又是为了什么,“忘”与“不忘”的相通点是什么,最终归宿是否一致等,只有从深层次上把握了“忘记”与“铭记”二者间的关系,才能从中提炼出自己的观点和主张。也只有具备了这一点,才能使文章主旨鲜明,重点突出。
理性思维
关系型话题作文对学生的理性思维,特别是辩证思维能力要较高。而我们的考生在审题时最容易犯的一个毛病恰恰是割裂了两者的联:在行文时大谈一点,却对另外一点置之不理,以致造成偏题、离题。如2005年高考全国卷Ⅲ要求以“忘记与铭记”话题写作,有的考生的观点如“痛崔是应该忘记的,欢乐都是应该记住能”感情都是应该忘记的,理智才是应永远铭记的“等都显得片面,缺乏辩证思想。还有的考生在价值取向和审美向上存在一定的偏差,夸大地看待了会的阴暗面,或重新对历史加以评判;与社会主流观点不符等,在内容上显得偏激和片面。
关系型话题作文要突出二者关系的同时,还应该有侧重,要分清楚矛盾的主要方面与次要方面,要善于敏锐地捕捉重点,敢于突出重点,做到两点论与重点论的统一。如2004年高考全国卷话题作文“遭遇挫折和放大痛苦”,审题时考生当然应准确把握两个词组间的关系,但面对挫折,人们的选择有许多种,有人化解痛苦,有人放大痛苦,有人则以平常心视之。选择不同,人生的境界也大有高低。如果考生在审题时能以“遭遇挫折”为侧重点,能够从如何对待挫折这个角度切入去行文,而不是流于表面的在两者关系间泛泛而谈。那么文章将在深度和广度上得到有力的拓展。
二、命题作文
命题作文一直是高考作文的重要形式。从形式上看,命题作文一般没有明确具体的要求,看似宽松而自由,实际上它要求更高,写作起来也更难。因为其他作文在制定框框的同时,也往往或在审题上,或在立意上,或在选材上给你提供可供选择的信息,给那些“无话可说”“无东西可写”的考生开掘一下思路。命题作文则不同。它没有限制,也就无从参考,需要“另起炉灶”,在上述各方面动更大的脑子。
那么在考场上如何写好命题作文呢?
审文体
已规定文体的,按规定文体写作,如2005年北京卷“说安”,要求自选角度写一篇议论文;两种文体均可的,选择自己擅长的、准备最充分的。近两年高考命题作文大多要求为“除诗歌外文体不限”,那么,考生就要根据平时作文得分情况考虑哪一种文体自己最拿手。比如2005年高考重庆卷要求以“自嘲”为题写作,假如你擅长记叙,你不妨写一个善于自嘲的人的幽默故事;假如你擅长议论,你不妨分析评价鲁迅先生的自嘲本领,挖掘自嘲背后的无奈等。
未明确规定文体的,要审其隐含信息。带有“论”“谈”“说”一类字眼的,显然是议论文;带有“„„记”字眼的,显然是记叙文体。同时还要看题目“最”适合哪种文体。有些题目,虽未规定文体,但仔细分析,往往有“最佳文体”。如《时间啊,时间》,写成记叙文或一般议论文都不够完美,如果学习高尔基的《时钟》,写成散文化议论文,就可以取得形象化的说理效果,而且还可以多角度、多侧面、多层次展开论述。又如2005年天津卷“留给明天”,这个文题当然可以写成议论文,联系现实生活议论今天与明天的关系,提出怎样才算真正地为明天着想,批评一些人在政治上和经济上的短视。但最合适的文体莫过于记叙性的文章。不仅容易写出文采,而且构思上容易写出个性。
审立意
命题作文的审题,关键在于弄懂题目的含义。含义弄懂了,立意就有了方向性,有了基础。首先要分析题目的字面含义。其次是分析题目的语法结构,第三是分析把握题目中的关键词语,第四是挖掘其言外之意。如“留给明天”,主语、宾语的空缺,给了我们很大的联想、想象的空间。那么到底留什么给明天呢?留下时间?留下想象?留下遗憾?还是留下理想?留下和父母摩擦之后一直想说却没有说出口的道歉,清寒是青春期莫名甜蜜而又惆怅的情愫?今天享受前人成果的我们。又会给明天的子孙们留下什么呢?只要我们结合“留给明天”这个题目的结构特点,填补上这个主语、宾语的空缺,就会成功地化解这个大题、虚题,避免写得空泛、空洞。
又如辽宁卷“今年花胜去年红”,在这个题目中。“胜”就是“胜过”“超过”的意思,它实际上隐含着今天与昨天的对比。暗示着今天对明天的展望,而一个“胜”字,很斩截地告诉我们:世事在变化,时代在前进,无论暂时的情形是怎样的,我们的明天一定会更美好!所以这篇文章应该写得蓬勃乐观、积极向上,要肯定“今年花”的红艳度胜过去年。
立意方面还有两个很重要的问题需要注意,一要内容健康、充实,积极向上,杜绝不健康的庸俗的观点,特别是那腐朽错误的甚至是反动的观点。二要立意力求深刻新颖,同时,要处理好时代特征与传统继承之间的关系,不能一味地求新求活而失之偏颇。
三、给材料作文
材料作文(不包括漫画作文)是高考作文的重要形式,材料作文又是考生最感头痛,普遍反映无从下手的命题形式,有许多考生常常在这上面“栽了跟头”,出现较大的失误。其失误往往不是出在谋篇布局或语言表达上,绝大多数是审题立意上出了偏差。
材料作文,所给材料一般包括题干、基本素材和要求(包括注意事项)三部分。所谓审题,必须对这三方面做深入、仔细、全面的分析。这个分析,是“精读”,而非“略读”;是反复揣摩,而非不经意的浏览。立意在文章成败中的决定性作用决定考生必须在审题上使出很大的精力和一定的时间,考生要宁愿在审题上多花一点工夫,拿准了再动笔,也不要仓促上阵,写到“半截腰”发现立意错误再返工。精读意识、研究意识、揣摩意识必须牢牢树立在每位考生头脑中。
如何写好给材料作文呢?
分析挖掘本质
有些材料,原文并没有具体的议论,只有形象的甚至是零碎的语句。这就需要考生透过这
些词语,分析挖掘它所包含的深层意蕴。如2005年上海高考文题,材料较多,审题的时候便需要多花一份力气。其实,大量的材料完全可以用一个话题来概括——文化生活与青年一代的成长,不能把选材统一到这上面来,就应该算作偏离题意了。材料中的提示是“需要对当今的文化生活作一番审视和辨析”,所以,写作的时候不宜对武侠言情小说、流行歌曲、卡通等做简单的肯定或否定,而应当结合社会需要、现实状况以及自己的亲身经历进行深入分析。可以谈谈金庸、梁羽生、古龙等小说对你成长的影响,可以谈谈琼瑶、三毛作品给你成长的启迪,可以谈谈高晓松、老狼的校园民谣对你成长路上心灵的撞击,可以写变形金刚、奥特曼动画片等给你童年带来的愉悦,而今这种心情的变迁。当然,水平更高、视野更的同学应该深入分析到这些流行文化所带来的深层影响和产生原因,从未来青年文化素养培植的角度冷静地评价它。
提炼概括观点
有些作文材料,特别是寓言和故事,它并不给你提供现成的观点,需要考生自己去提炼概括。这时可运用分析综合法。以1995年高考全国卷《鸟的评说》这首寓言诗为例,“麻雀说燕子是怕冷的懦夫,燕子说黄鹂,徒有一身美丽的装束„„苍蝇说麻雀寸光鼠目”。材料虽然很长,但仔细对每一种鸟的表现进行分析、概括,就会发现,它们犯了一个共同的错误。看问题的方法有问题。只看到人家的短处,看不到人家的长处。应该怎么办?答案是显而易见。于是论点出来了:不要只看到人冢的短处,不要求全责备。换一种角度看问题„„
如2005年湖北卷,提供的材料是清末学者王国维的一段论述。试题要求考生根据这则文字谈感悟,一直到结尾也没有给出话题,但这并不等于什么都可以写。因为仔细理解,材料中实际上仍然包含着一个隐蔽性的关系型话题——入乎其内和出乎其外。所以,只有在这样一个范围内谈自己的认识,阐明各自的内涵和两者的关系,在实际生活中找到事例加以佐证,才应该说是正确理解了材料。
四、独字题作文
近两年高考出现了一种新的题型,即文章的标题只有一个字,如2003年上海高考文题“杂”,2004年上海高考文题“忙”,我们把它叫做“独字题”。独字题一般词义明白清楚,看起来很简单。但由于没有修饰和限制,题目本身在文体、立意、选材以及其他方面没有任何导向,写起来往往要比多字题困难,尤其在审题和选材上难度更大,如何写好独字题作文呢?不妨从以下几方面人手:
辨别词性,确定文体
词性对文体有一定的制约作用,写前可以根据不同的词性来确定文体。一般来说,是动词的适宜于写记叙性文章,如《悟》《悔》《醒》《求》《盼》《恋》《追》《诱》《考》等,像《悟》这个题目,就可以通过一个具体事件的叙写,并领悟其包含的道理。是名词的,大多数是跨类题,即可以写成记叙类的。也可以写成说明类或议论类的,如《路》《虹》《窗》《桥》《锁》《镜》《药》《蚀》《雾》《煤》等。可根据自己掌握的材料、理解的深度、文体的特点和要求等方面而决定。
了解特性,把握内涵
一个可以作为题目的字,它的内涵往往是多方面的。既有它本质特性方面的意义,又大都有它比喻、象征方面的意义。如2003年上海高考文题“杂”,其内涵是相当丰富的,它既可以指具体事物的杂乱无章,也可以指情感的复杂多变,也可以指形势或矛盾的纷纭繁杂。在审题时,要尽可能了解得广一点,使自己有广阔的选择余地。
五、看图作文
看图作文题提供的主要材料不是文字,而是有一定意义的图画。作文的要求是把图中用线条、色彩描绘出来的形象及包涵在形象之中的思想感情用语言文字表达出来。写作时要注意以下几点:
仔细观察画面。这里所谓画面形象,包括画面上描绘出来的人物形象(面貌、表情、服饰、动作等)和景物、器物。看图时,要抓住人物、景物和器物的特征,对画面上提供的每一个细节都不能轻易放过。
领会把握主旨
要做到这一点,就必须在仔细观察画面形象的基础上。弄清人物与人物、人物与周围事物之间的关系。只有这样,才能体会到作者通过形象描绘表达了什么样的思想感情。
发挥联想想象
对于看图作文,联想想象极其重要,这是图画材料自身的特点所决定的。图画它只表现事物一瞬间的形态,不能像文字材料那样描述事件发生发展的连续过程,不能像文字材料那样多侧面地刻人物,不能直接地表达思想和抒发感情。一些抽象的事物,如“社会风气”“道德水准”等,文字材料可以很方便地传达给读者,图画材料则难以胜任。正是图画材料的这些特点,决定了作文者必须根据画面上提供的线索,展开合理的联想和想象,进行种种必要的增补,这样才能做到上下文联贯,故事情节完整,人物形象具体丰满,主题思想鲜明突出。
第四篇：高考英语写作指导(发言稿)
高考英语写作指导（发言稿）
高考英语全国卷中发言稿写作导练
一、文体概述
发言稿主要用来交流思想、表达感情、发表看法；也可以用来介绍自己的学习情况和经验等。写发言稿时，要注意三点：1.观点要鲜明。2.条理清楚。3.语言简洁明快。写作分“三步走”：自我介绍并表明发言稿的主题→发言稿的具体内容→进行总结并提出期望。
二、必备短语
.bequalifiedfor胜任
2.studyefficiently高效地学习
3.getactivelyinvolvedinclass上课积极参与
4.effectivelearningmethods有效的学习方法
5.enjoyacolorfullife享受丰富多彩的生活
6.takeresponsibilitytodosth.负责做某事
7.geton/alongwellwithsb.与某人友好相处
8.onbehalfofourschool代表我们学校
9.develop/form/acquireagoodhabitof..养成……的好习惯.0.expressone’swarmwelcometosb.向某人表示热烈欢迎
三、套用句式
.Itismygreathonortohaveachancetospeakhere.能有机会在这里发言是我极大的荣幸。
2.welcometotheEnglishspeechcompetition/lecture.欢迎来到这次英语演讲比赛/讲座。
3.Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.用真诚和忠诚我们创造一个和谐的环境。
4.Iamsurethatwithyourgreatefforts,youwillenjoyacolorfullifehere.我相信在这你将用努力会享受丰富多彩的生活。
5.Ihopewhatismentionedabovemightbehelpfultoyou!我希望我上面所讲的对你们有帮助！
四、习作修改
Goodafternoon,everyone.welcometoourschool!Highschoolstudentsarefacingwithachoicebetweenartsorscience.Itwasnoteasychoiceformetomake.Aftercarefullyconsideration,though,Idecidedonscienceasmymainsubjectofstudy.Thereasonsareasfollow.First,sciencegraduatesareingreatdemandthanartsonesinchina.Second,thesciencemajorcanhelpesmeachievemychildhooddreamofbecomingascientist.Third,myparentswishmetostudyscienceatcollegebecausetheybelieveinIwillhaveabrighterfutureasasciencestudent.Lastbutnotleast,myphysicsteacherismyrolemodel,whichinfluenceonmehasalottodowithmydecision.ItisforthesereasonsthatIfinallymadeyourchoice.Thanks!
五、课堂练习
假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“whattolearninseniorhighschool?”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。
.学会学习：方法，习惯等；
2.学会做人：真诚，友善；
3.学会其他：考生自拟。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.开头语和结尾已为你写好。
Goodmorning,everyone!Itismyhonortobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.Thankyou!
六、课外作业
假设你是某大学的学生李华，你校英语俱乐部将选举新一届副主席，负责规划、组织俱乐部的相关活动，你欲参选，请按以下提示，写一篇竞选演讲稿。
.个人的优势介绍（如性格、特长等）；
2.组织校内的活动的设想（如举办讲座、英语晚会等）；
3.组织校际交流活动的设想（如举办辩论赛、演讲比赛等）；
4.表达竞选的愿望。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.开头语已为你写好。
参考词汇：副主席vicepresident
竞选runfor
Goodafternoon,mydearfriends，mynameisLiHua，Thankyou!
参考答案与范文：
习作修改
本演讲稿是关于高中生对文、理科的选择。作者首先表明选择理科，然后阐述了选择理科的理由。
.facing→faced因befacedwith固定搭配，意为“遇到，面临”。
2.or→and因betweenAandB为固定搭配，意为“在A与B之间”。
3.在easy前加an因choice是单数可数名词，表示“一个”选择，要用不定冠词。另外，makeachoice可看作一个固定短语。
4.carefully→careful修饰名词，应用形容词。
5.follow→follows因asfollows是习语，不管句子的主语是单数或复数。
6.great→greater后面的than提示我们此处应用形容词的比较级。
7.helps→help情态动词后用动词原形。
8.把believe后的in去掉因此处的believe表示“相信，认为”，后接宾语从句，不用in，故删除。
9.which→whose先行词myphysicsteacher与从句中influence有所属关系，表示“我物理老师（对我的）影响”，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
0.your→my根据主语I可知，此处是我最终做出了“我的”决定。
课堂练习
Goodmorning,everyone!Itismyhonortobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbechallenging.Firstly,weshouldlearntolearnefficiently.Developingagoodhabitisalsoofimportance.Itreallybenefitedmealottopreviewlessons,getactivelyinvolvedinclass,andreviewwhathavebeentaughtafterclass.Inaddition,weshouldlearnhowtogetalongwellwithothers.Inschool,Irespectedteachersandwasfriendlywithclassmates.Itwaswithsincerityandfaithfulnessthatwecreatedaharmoniousatmosphere.Finally,weshouldtakepartinsportsandoutdooractivitiesfrequently.Theywerereallyhelpfultobuildupmybodyandenrichmyschoollife.withyourgreatefforts,Iamsurethatyouwillenjoyacolorfullifehere.Thankyou!
课外作业
Goodafternoon,mydearfriends，mynameisLiHua.I'moutgoingandgetonwellwithmyclassmatesandteachers.Iamskilledatorganizingallkindsofactivities.I'dliketorunforthevicepresidentoftheEnglishclubinourschool.Iknowasthevicepresident,Imustdothefollowingthingsfortheclub:Iwilltrytomakeitknowntoeverystudentandmorestudentsinvolvedintheactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.what
’smore,toimproveourEnglishandgetmorestudentsinterestedinEnglish,IintendtoorganizesomeactivitiesatschoollikelecturesandEnglishpartiesandinter-schoolonessuchasEnglishdebatecompetitionsandspeechcontests.Ihopeallofyouwillvoteforme.Thankyou!
第五篇：高考英语基础写作个人情感与人际关系
第五个话题： 个人情感与人际关系
第一项 话题预测
1.父母与孩子之间：敬重父母、尊重孩子的选择、困扰
父母与孩子的问题、中学生做家务、孩子的秘密是否与父母分享等。
2.师生之间：师生关系在日常教学中的作用等。3.同学之间：同学交友、成长中的快乐和烦恼、性格因
素与同学关系、学习动机的激发与培养、宿舍文化建
设、营造班级和谐人际氛围、“教师节”学生真诚道谢、对老师的敬意和感恩等。第二项 写作语汇
一、常用单词
hope 希望wish 渴望 expect 盼望 passion 激情 forgive 宽恕 excuse 原谅 envy 忌妒，羡慕 annoy 使烦恼 thank感谢thankful感激的gratitude感激grateful 感激的satisfied满意的enthusiastic热心的 affectionate挚爱的admirable 令人羡慕的 conscious意识到的anxious / anxiously 焦急的/渴望的 eager / eagerly 热切的/渴望地 optimistic 乐观的 unbelievable 难以置信的gloomy 令人沮丧的jealous忌妒的 sympathetic 同情的 suspicious 有疑心的 indifferent 漠不关心的 annoying令人恼人的annoyed烦恼的 frustrating令人沮丧的embarrassed 感到尴尬的 embarrassing 令人尴尬的 oppressed 压抑的 positive 积极的 negative 负面的 stressful 紧张的 happy 喜angry 怒 upset, sad 哀pleased 乐proud骄傲lonely 孤独的 worried 担忧的 nervous 紧张的 afraid 害怕
二、参考短语
1.be satisfied with / be pleased with 对…感到满意 2.be consious of 意识到
3.be optimistic about 对… 乐观
4.be grateful to 对某人表示感激
5.express one’s gratitude to 表达感谢之情 6.be concerned about / with对…很关心 7.have a light heart 心情舒畅
8.be in good / bad temper 心情好/不好 9.be in high / low spirits 情绪高涨/ 低落 10.be in despair 某人处于绝望中 11.complain about(of)sb./ sth 抱怨 12.be objective about 对… 客观/ 公正 13.be jealous of sth.对…嫉妒
14.be upset about sth.某人对某事苦恼 15.be sensitive to…对…敏感的16.be proud of / take pride in 以…自豪 必备表达： 个人情感
(1)be happy / sad / upset / nervous / lonely高兴/难过/不安/紧张/孤独
(2)be pleased with对„„感到高兴
(3)be worried about / worry about 担心，担忧
(4)be / get angry with sb.about sth.因某事生某人的气(5)be disappointed at sb.对某人感到失望
(6)be confident of sth./ in sb.对某事/某人有信心(7)We are deeply grateful to you for your support.我们深深感谢你的支持。
(8)It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.我们明天必须离开，真是遗憾。人际关系
(1)learn from each other 互相学习(2)promote the friendship 增进友谊(3)improve the relationship改善关系
(4)show love and concern for sb.爱护和关心某人(5)Good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.善于倾听使我们彼此走得更近。
(6)A good relationship between teachers and students is of great importance for our studies.良好的师生关系对我们的学习很重要。
(7)To build a good relationship, we should trust in each other.要建立良好的关系，我们应该彼此信任。
8)Only in this way can we enjoy an equal relationship.只有这样我们才能享有平等的关系。
(9)They find it easy to communicate with their teachers.他们发觉很容易和老师沟通。
(10)With their help, I tried my best to study hard and succeeded in entering a key university.在他们的帮助下，我努力学习，成功地被一所重点大学录取。
(11)We should value this harmonious relationship between teachers and students.我们应该珍惜师生之间这种和谐的关系。
(12)With the encouragement and support of my father, I have overcome many difficulties in our life.在父亲的鼓励和支持下，我克服了生活中的许多困难。
第五个话题：个人情感与人际关系
一、基础写作
1.基础写作1：给刚从外地转来的新同学的一封信
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，班里从外地转来一名同学李明，他一时无法融入到新的班集体中，感到很苦恼。［写作内容］请根据下列要点用英语给他写封信：（1）帮他分析原因：害羞，怕同学取笑。
（2）给他提出建议：学习普通话，跟同学交流意见。（3）陈述你帮助他的具体打算。
Dear Li Ming，I’m sorry to know that you feel distressed at your new class.One of the reasons, I believe, is that you might be too shy to talk confidently with your classmates and maybe you are afraid that your classmates will make fun of your accent.I am sure, with your effort, you can manage to overcome these difficulties.In my opinion，learning to speak Putonghua and comparing notes with your classmates frequently are good ways for you to make new friends.In our spare time，I’ll invite you to play basketball or go to some parties.Also，I’d like to introduce my good friends to you.I hope you can adapt to the new school life as soon as possible.Best regards，Li Hua
基础写作2：给送生日礼物的朋友写封感谢信
假设你是李华，昨天你出乎意料地收到你的好朋友Jack寄给你的生日礼物——一本电子词典。请根据以下要点，写一封感谢信。［写作内容］
（1）收到他的礼物，你感到十分高兴，因为你正急需一本这样的电子词典，而且你几乎找遍了全市的商店都买不到；
（2）这本电子词典对你的英语学习很有帮助；
（3）感谢他送给你的礼物，并表示会努力学好英语作为回报；
（4）希望他暑假有空来你家一起学习英语。
Dear Jack，Yesterday, I received your present, a useful electronic dictionary, very unexpectedly and excitedly.Believe it or not, what you sent me is the very electronic dictionary I am anxious for.I have been looking for it in almost every store in my city.I’m sure this electronic dictionary must be of great help to my English learning.Thank you for your timely help and fine present，and I will work harder at English in return.If you have time this summer holiday，I’d like you to come to my home and let’s study English together.Best wishes to your parents.Yours，Li Hua
3.假设你是李华，现在正在高考考场上，场下当英语老师的父母正殷切期待着你。请你按如下提纲提示，给父母写一封感谢信。【写作内容】
1.感谢父母多年来，特别是高三这一年来无微不至的关怀；
2.自己学习刻苦，进步不小。感觉高考考试顺利，发挥出了真水平，请父母放心；
3.高考后想多帮父母做家务，尤其做菜，让父母品尝。
Dear parents,Now I wonder how anxiously both of you are expecting me to complete my college entrance exams smoothly.I can say nothing but thanks to you both on this special occasion, because words have failed me when I want to express my gratitude to you both for the loving care you have shown for me, expecially since I went to Senior Three.These days I have been studying hard and have made much progress and so I believe that everything will have got along well with my examination because I have performed my ability in this exam.After this exam, I intend to help you do much more housework which I have seldom done before, and cook in preparation for a delicious dinner for you both in person.My dear parents, everything is going on well with me and I hope you both can set your mind at rest!
Best wishes,Yours,Li Hua
Best wishes,任务写作1：父母与子女之间如何建立良好关系
以约120个词就“父母与子女的良好关系”发表你的看法，包括如下要点：
(1)父母与子女关系良好的重要性；
(2)你希望与你的父母之间的关系是怎样的；
(3)如何才能建立这种关系？
An ideal relationship between parents and children is very important for our growth.Parents always show love and concern for us.They are our good listeners，advisers and supporters.With their help，we can overcome many difficulties in our life.In my opinion，the relationship between parents and children should be one filled with love，care and understanding，in which parents and children show respect for each other and exchange ideas freely.To build a relationship of this kind，parents should become friends of their children while children ought to place more trust in their parents and give voice to their feelings frankly.Only in this way can we enjoy a harmonious relationship between parents and children.(117 words)
任务写作2：描写老师或朋友帮你克服困难的一次经历
以约120词写一篇记叙文，回忆老师或朋友在你困难时候帮助你的一次经历，并包括如下要点：
(1)叙述你遇到困难的一次真实或虚构的经历；
(2)你的老师或朋友如何帮助你解决困难的？
(3)你的老师或朋友对你产生了什么影响？你对老师或朋友的态度是什么？
I had such an experience when I was in junior school.I was doing badly in maths at that time.However hard I tried，I just couldn’t catch up with others.I almost lost heart when we had a new maths teacher，Mr Hu.Now and then he talked with me，telling me the ways to learn maths and encouraging me to keep on trying.Only then did I realize that I was not studying maths in a scientific way.With his help，I was doing a little better gradually.One year later，I made amazing progress.Now I am in a key senior high school and always one of the top students in my class.I am always grateful to Mr Hu.(123 words)
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